1

1 ...................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 ..................................................................................................................................1
1.2 .......................................................................................................................3
1.3 .......................................................................................................................................4
1.3.1 DC-AC ..................................................................................................4
1.3.2 AC-DC .................................................................................................5
1.3.3 DC-DC .....................................................................................................................5
1.3.4 AC-AC ......................................................................................................................6
1.3.5 ..................................................................................................................6
1.4 ..............................................................................................................................7
1.4.1 .........................................................................................................................................7
1.4.2 .........................................................................................................................................7
1.4.3 .........................................................................................................................................7
1.4.4 .........................................................................................................................................8
1.4.5 .......................................................................................................................10
1.4.6 ...................................................................................................................................11
1.4.7 .......................................................................................................................................11
1.4.8 ...................................................................................................................................12
1.5 ................................................................................................................12
1.5.1 ...............................................................................................................12
1.5.2 ...............................................................................................................13
1.6 ....................................................................................................14
1.7 ....................................................................................................................................16
1.7.1 .......................................................................................................................16
1.7.2 ...........................................................................................................................17
1.7.3 .......................................................................................................................17
1.7.4 ...........................................................................................................................18

Power
Electronics
Power Electronics Technology

15% 85%

Modern Power Electronics

High Voltage DC Transmission

1.1
12V 3.3V 1-1a

R2
R1
R2
R1

1K

3.3
12

R2
0.3793K
RS
R1R2
0.275K
R1

R2

 1-1b 3.3V
VO 3.3 275IO IO
12 mA

100%

VS

104mW
R1 R2

5 mA PO VO iI O 9.6mW 1.925V
R1

VO

R2 5 10.07mA R1 101 mW R2 9.7mW 110.7 mW

7.9%

0-1c R1 R2 Vb

RL 0-1b,

Rs Io

R1

R1
Vs

Io

12V

R2

Vs

Vo

12V

R2

+
- Vs

RL

Vo
(c)

(b)

(a)

1-1

R R
S

R // R2
// 1
rbe
1

1-1

Ploss (VS VO )I O

1-2

1-2
GTRPOWE
MOSFETSCR IGBT

Vs

on
of

L
C

+
Vo
-

(a)
vo
Vs

Vo

(b)

1-2

1.2

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

6) 12KV

7) ( 4-6KA)

8)

3

di dt

1.3
1-3

Is

L, R C

SCR

DC-AC
AC-DC
DC-DC
AC-AC

Vs

VC

Io
Vo

Vc
(a)

ac
dc

dc

ac

Rectification
ac control
Conversion
Inversion
1-3

DC-ACAC-DC dc-dcac-dc

1.3.1 DC-AC
(Inverter)

Vs

on
of

s1
load

+
Vo(t)
-

s2
Vs s3

a
b

[Neutral]

vo(t)

120
120

Vs

120

(a)

(b)

1-4 dc-ac
1-4a


1-4b 120 120

DC-AC
DC-AC UPS
50Hz 1MHz
DC-AC 6

1.3.2 AC-DC

Rectifier 1-5a(b) 1-5a

(a)

VVssinwct
sVsin
c t
s sin c t

vo(t)

C+

vo(t)
Vo
-

0 T/2

(b)

on
of

V sin
t
sc

Vssinwct
V sin t
s

vo(t)
Vs

vo(t)
-

C+

Vo
-

Vs
Vo T
Vo
T

turn-on turn-of

1-5

LC
1-5b

LC
AC-DC
4

1.3.3

DC-DC

DC-DC 1-1 DC-DC

DC-DC DC-AC AC-DC
AC AC DC 1-6

n:1

DC-DC
5

1.3.4

AC-DC

Vs DC-AC

Vo

1-6 dc-dc

AC-AC

AC-AC AC-AC

Cyclo-convweter

on
on
sin(
Vssinwct
VVsin(
t) t) of
off
s

load
load

++
Vo(t)
Vo(t)
--

V sin( t)
Vssinwct
V sin( t)
s

vo(t)
vo(t)
t
Vs
Vs
tT
T

DC-Link
DC-Link

AC-DC
AC-DC

CC

DC-AC
DC-AC

Vosinwot
V sin( t)
o

Vo sin(ot)

1-7 AC-AC DC-Link AC-AC

AC-AC
1-7

AC-AC ac-dc dc-ac

AC-AC DC-Link ac-ac

VAR
7

1.3.5

1.4

1.4.1

v i R

1-3

H
B B H


skin
effect

1.4.2

di

v L
L

I L 0

i
I

dt

10

L 0

v
dt

1-4

dt

diL
dt

vL
L

0
1-5

dt

1.4.3

10

dvC

v
V

i
C

VC

dt

i dt

C
c

C 0

1-6

I s 1-6

v V

1 0

0 s t

i dt
V
c

dt

i
C 0
dt
C

dvC

1-7

dt

1.4.4

1
1-8

vs (t) is (t) ZS

+
-

vt t vS t Z Si S t

Zs
Vs

+
is

Zs

v s
-

a current souse
a voltage souse
1-8

1-8

it t iS

vS t

1-9

ZS

2
dc voltage source

1 24V 20A
20KHz
1%

l R

Vs

20KHz

24
20 R 1.2

I
V

Is

1.2

I 0.01Is T

20000

50 10 s

f di
V L L
Is
s

L
t

Is
T
6

dt
V iT 24 50
L s
Is 10
0.0120

6000 10 H 6mH

ac voltage source

vS t VS VSn sin nS t n
n1

2
S T

1-10

S TS t VS

n S n harmonic, root-meansquare

V S V

n1

Sn

1-11

PS

VS

R
n1

Sn

1-12

 2 p

p
2

3 120

neutral ,the
BC
common, Y
1-9
Y
220V 380Vrms 50Hz
A
120V 220Vrms
60Hz 120V 220Vrms
50Hz
B
C

1.4.5

(on) iSW vSW

(off) iSW

1-9

vSW

vc

bidirectional switchon-state
bipolar switchoff-state

unidirectionalunipolar
Silicon
Controlled Rectifier : SCR
vc

self-triggered or self-controlled switch

uncontrolled switch
BJTPower Bipolar Junction Transistor

SCRSilicon Controlled Rectifier: GTOGate-Turn-OFF Thyristor

MOSFETMetal-Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor
IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor MOS Mos Controlled
Thyristor SCRGTO MCT
BJTMOSFET IGBT

1.4.6

1-10

i1

N1

v1

N2

i2

v2

1-10

vi Ni

1-13

i 1,
2

dt

i i vi i Ni i

v1

dt

N1

1-14

N2
1-15

v1i1 v2i2
1-14 1-15

v
i

Ni
Nj

v
j

Zj Nj :i
j


Zi Ni

1-16

1.4.7

2

+
Lo

RL
Io
+ Co

Vo
Vo
RL
3
4
ac Voltage Sink

dc current sink

Vo
Io
dc current souce

dc Voltage Sink dc Current Sink ac Current Sink

 1-11
1-11

dc current sink 1-11 +-

6
7
2

1.4.8

IC

DSP
23



DSP
CMOS
( 2 32 10 )
DSP
DSP CPU
FIFO
DSP DSP


DSP ( Matlab )
DSP
DSP

10

1.5

1.5.1
di dt

freewheeling diode
steady-state condition

t0 T

1-17

vL dt
0

t0

di
vL

v L
t

dt di i

t1

T
i

L
0

t0 T

v dt 0
L

1-18

dt

1-19

iL t0 T iL t0
dE

P i

i L

diL

v
L

dt

1-20

dt
L L
1-20

iL0

iL 0

1 2 1

Li Li
Ld
i

iL

i
L

L
L

0
1-21

iL

1.5.2
dv dt

steady-state condition

t0 T

1-22

iC dt
0

t0

1-23

vL t0 T vL t0
E

dE

P v i

v C
dt

dvc
C C

1-24

dt
C

Cv

1-24

vC

vC0

vCdv
c

C
C

Cv

0
1-25

vC 0

vC

1.6
turning onturning off


:transient phasesteady-state phase

:


Inrush current

surge

forward transfer characteristic

Tvv

vo

vs

i
o
is

reflective characteristic

Rvv

vs

vo

i
s
io

average

T v t

dt
T

1-26

rms (root-mean-square)

T
V 1 v 2 t d
t

0
T

1-27

peak-peak ripple

lowest undesired harmonic frequency DC-AC

THDtotal harmonic distortion

THD

I 2 I
SS1

1-28

S S1

power factor

cos

AC/DC PF Power Factor

P S

PF

P
S

P
VRMS I

1-29

RMS

S
V RMS

I RMS

I RMS1

P VRMS IRMS1 cos1

1-30

1 cos1 DPF

displacement power factor DPF

 DPF =1

PF

VRMS IRMS1 cos1

VRMS IRMS

VRMS
IRMS

IRMS1

cos 1

IRM

1-31

IRMS1 I
RMS

DF

IRMS1
IRMS

IRMS1

IRMS1

2
RMSn

2
2
2
IRMS1
IRMS
2 I RMS 3

1-32

n 1

IRMS1 IRMS IRMS 2 IRMS 3

2 3

PF DPF DF

1-33

crest factor

1.7

1.7.1
surge voltage protectionselenium diode
MOVmetal oxide varistors

MOV

1.7.2
protection against excessive current
fuse

1.7.3
protection of switching device
dv dt di dt

snubber circuit
dv dt di dt
dv dt
dv dt
di dt

IL
Ls

di dt 1-12
Ls Cs

Us

IC
M

Rs
VDs Ls

VT

VD
1-12

Cs

IS
Rs

VDs

I L Cs Rs

VDs Uce

VT I c I s Cs VDs
I L Ic

I I

1
L

1-34

toff

 Cs

I I
t

I
I
s

Cs

cs

1-35
L

toff

Cs

IL

I dt

1-36

2C t

s off

t toff VT Ucs U s
1-37

I Lt
U 2C
off s

Cs

I Lt
C 2U

1-38

off s

Uce Ucs

IL IC toff
2Cs
IL

1-39

1-12 VT Ls Cs
U s

Ls

1.7.4

over-voltage protection


1 10A 1KHz 1uF
1
10A 1KHz
C
1uF

1
2 300V 1KHz 300uH
2

300V1KHz

L
300uH

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 12V 29us
1
2

5A

4A
t

10

15

18
10

24

29 us

11
12 R, C, D

u
220V

di dt

13

14

15

16 24V
10A
20KHz
1%

i
5A

/3
11

17
18 3
19