Textbook

Telecommunication Switching
Systems and Networks
-
Author: Thiagarajan Viswanathan
2009.1

About the languages

Writing: English
Speaking: English + Chinese

About the Grade

Final examination: 50%
Attendance and Homework: 50%

About the contents

This class mainly focuses on the
concepts and principles of different
switching techniques.
Chapters covered in this class:
Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3,
Chapter 4, Chapter 6, Chapter 9,
Chapter 10, Chapter 12

Charpter1 Introduction
School of Information Science and
Engineering, Shandong University
Associate Prof., Deqiang Wang

Outline

Evolution of Telecommunications
Simple Telephone Communication
Basics of a Switching System
Switching Systems

Terminology
Subscriber
Source
Destination
Signaling
Point-to-point link
Fully connected
networks
Switching system,
switching office,
exchange

Control functions
Step-by-step
Crossbar systems
Stored program
control (SPC)
Space division
switching
Time division
switching
Trunk
Subscriber line

Terminology
Simplex
communication
Half-duplex
communication
Full-duplex
communication
Sidetone
Inlets/Outlets
Switching Network
Folded network

Nonblocking Network
Blocking Network
Blocking Probability
Busy time traffic
Erlang
Transit exchange
Nonfolded network
Subscriber loop
signaling
Interexchange signaling
Intraexchange or
register signaling

Terminology
Terminology
Direct control
Common control
Manual switching
Local battery
exchange
Central battery
exchange
Urban networks
Metropolitan
networks

Rural networks
Long distance/toll
networks
Wide area networks

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Telegraphy, 1837, Great Britain
Telephony, 1876, Bell
Point-to-point connection

The number of subscribers supported : 2

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Full connected network

Number of subscribers: N
Number of links:N(N-1)/2
Cost Efficiency: low(expensive)

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Subscriber interconnection using a
switching system
Number of subscribers:
N
Number of links:
N
Cost Efficiency:
high(cheap)

Switching System

S1

S2

SN-1

SN

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Classification of switching systems
Switching system
manual

automatic

Electromechanical
Step-by-step

Electronic

Crossbar

Space division switching

Time division switching

Digital

Analog

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Telecommunication network structure
SS1

SS2

Trunks
SS3
Subscriber
lines

SS4
Trunks

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Communication systems
Electrical communication system
Wired or Wireless

Optical communication system

Wired or Wireless

Links between network nodes

Trunks
Subscriber lines
Each link deploys some kind of
communication technology

1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications

Service Specific Networks

Telegraph networks
Telex networks
Telephone networks
Data networks

1.2 Simple Telephone Communication

Simplex telephone circuit

Microphone

Earphone

1.2 Simple Telephone Communication

Duplex telephone circuit

Microphone

Earphone

Earphone

Microphone

1.2 Simple Telephone Communication

Telephone circuit with sidetone coupling

Subscriber

Exchange

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Elements of switching system
Switching network subsystem(
)
Signaling subsystem()
Control subsystem()
Accessary circuits

Trunk
Interface

Trunk
Interface

Subscriber
Subscriber
Switching
Line
Line
Network
Interface
Interface
Service
Service
Circuit
Circuit
Interface
Interface
Subscriber
And
Service
Line
Scanning
And
Distributor

Control

Operator Console

J
U
N
C
T
O
R
s

Trunk
Circuit
Scanning
And
Distributor
Units

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Model of a Switching network
Switching network is a component of the
switching system
Elements of a switching network
Symmetric network:
N=M

N
Inlets

Switching
Matrix/Network

Function: Establish a electrical path

between a given inlet/outlet pair

M
Outlets

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Inlets/outlets connections
Incoming
Trunks

Outgoing
Trunks
Switching
Matrix/Network

Subscriber
Inlets

Subscriber
Outlets

Four types of connection:

Local call(), outgoing call(),
Incoming call(),Transit call()

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Folded network
All the inlets/outlets are connected to the
subscriber lines (For Local Exchange)

N
Subscriber
Lines

Switching
Matrix/Network

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Nonfolded network
All the inlets/outlets are connected to
Incoming Trunks/Outgoing Trunks
(For Transit Exchange)

N
Incoming
Trunks

Switching
Matrix/Network

N
Outgoing
Trunks

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Nonblocking network
As long as a called subscriber is free, a
calling subscriber will always be able to
establish a connection to the called
subscriber.

Blocking network
The number of simultaneous switching paths
is less than the maximum number of
simultaneous conversations.
Blocking probability: the probability a user
may get blocked.

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Control Subsystem
Distinguish the relationship between
inlets/outlets and subscribers/trunks
Interpret the signaling information received
Sense the end of information transfer
Establish / release connections

1.3 Basics of Switching System

Signaling
Function: help exchanges to establish
connections between subscribers
correctly.
Category
Subscriber loop signaling
Interexchange signaling
Intraexchange or register signaling

1.4 Switching Systems

Manual switching system

1.4 Switching Systems

Step-by-step & Crossbar

1.4 Switching Systems

SPC exchange

SPC: Stored program control ()

1.4 Switching Systems

ATM Switch

1.4 Switching Systems

Optical Switch

1.4 Switching Systems

Router

Assignment
Ex. 6
Ex. 13