Histology of urogenital system

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URINARY SYSTEM
consists :
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

consists :
Testis
Ductuli system
Accesorius Glands
Penis

KIDNEY
Macroscopic:
Microscopic divided :
- bean shaped organ
1.Cortex Renalis
- retroperitoneal
- Kolumna Renalis
(dibelakang cavum
Bertini
peritoneum)
- Medullary rays
- hilus medial border
- Uriniferus tubules
* nerves, blood
2.Medulla Renalis
and lymph
-Thicker twist than
vessel
cortex
enter/exit
- Medullary Piramids
* ureter exit
- Collecting tubules
- lateral border convexs

by: Dr.
URINARY SYSTEM
The principal function :
Filtration of most small molecules from blood plasma
Selective reabsorbtion
Secretion of some excretory product directly from blood
Maintenance of acid-base balance
Homeostatis mechanisms, by production = renin
eritropoitin vitamin
Kidney Functional Unit
Uriniferus Tubules
Renal CORPUSCLE

Each kidney 1- 4
cortexs,granular,round
million UT
Bowman capsule :

Interstitial tissue
- Parietalis layer: squamous ep
contain : Collagen
- Visceralis layer: podosit cell
fiber,blood and lymph
primary processus
vessels & nerves fiber
secondary
UT consist :
processus (pedicels)
o Nefron :-Renal
- Urinar space
-2 poles: urinary pole
corpuscle
vascular pole
-Proximal
convoluted
tubule
- Loop of
Henle
- Distal
convoluted tubule

Glomerulus :
globular network
kapiler
Mesangium :
membran basalis +
sel
mesangial
Glomerulus basal
lamina:
thin membrane located
between podosit and
capillary endotel
Filtration Barier : -capillary endotel
- glomerulus basal
lamina
- podosit cell

Renal

Tubules
Proximal Tubules
Ansa Henle/ Loop of Henle
Distal Tubules
Collecting duct

Straigth part : prolonged from pars

ascendens AH
-cells change from simple squamosa
to simple cuboidal cell
-citoplasma asidophil,mitochondria
and RE granular/smooth around nucleus,
AG apical nucleus.
-EM: interdigitasi , ZO, microvili.

Proximal Tubules
Divided in two segment coiled tube
and straigth tube
Micr: -simple cuboidal ep
-Acidophil
-apical cell brush border
microvili
-citoplasma : lisosom ,
vakuola > apical
cell, mitochondria basal cell
Golgi complex around nucleus, smooth &
grnular RE.
EM: -interdigitasi lateral basal lateral
membrane cell cannot be observed
-zonula okludens lateral cell
Characteristic : fixation very difficult,
PT collaps
Function :
*reabsorbsi 80 % ultrafiltrat:
-ion Na active, diffusion from
lumen into
tubulus cell about 65 %
-water osmosis, ultrafiltrat
osmolaritas no
changes
-glucosa, protein, amino acid,
acetoacetic acid & vitamine.
*excretie : creatinin,jodium
anorganik,fenol red, drugs

Distal Tubules
Makula densa : - DT in vascular pole,
micr same straight part
- function AJG
Contortus part:
-micr:- cuboidal cell (5-8 cell),
asidophil
- citoplasma : mitochondria oval,
lisosom

Loop of Henle
Length depend on the location of renal
corpuscle
Divided in three part
- straight to medulla
- arcus
- straight to cortex
Micr : simple sguamosa ep .
EM : -microvilli very thin, small
apical cell ZO
Function :
-concentrated ultrafiltrat glomeruli
-AH descending : excretion ion Na & Cl
from
cell to the lumen, water enter the
cell.
-AH ascending :reabsorbtion Na & Cl
ion, water out of cell

Function :
reabsorbtion Na aldosteron hormon
Cl ion passive
reabsorbtion
bicarbonat ion, water
ADH

<, AG around nucleus less

smooth/granular RE
-EM: interdigitasi lateral cell, ZO, less
microvili
Collecting Ductus
cortex medulla
DT DK renal papilla area cribrosa
Micr: - cuboidal cell (cortex)
columnair cell (papillaris. duct)
- nucleus round, sitoplasma
pale
- Brush border y.
- dark cell between pale cell
EM: <<proses interdigitasi, ZO pale
cell < organel, dark cell > organel
(mitochondria)
Function :
- reabsorbsi: - water h.ADH
Renin (proteolitic enzym)

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Consist :
- makula densa
- mesangial extraglomerular
cell
- juxtaglomerular cell
(modification from smooth
muscular t.media afferen art
epitheloid cell at vascular pole)
Function :
product : - renin
- eritropoetin

angiotensin
ogen

Renin

Angiotensin
ITunica mucosa:

- Transisional ep : 2-3 layer cuboidal

ACE

Ureter
Tunica muscularis:
- 2/3 apikal consist 2 layer

Tunica adventitia: loose connecting tissue

with blood/lymphatic vessel and nerves

Angiotensin
cell in calyx minor, 5 layer in ureter
II
- basal layer columnair cell, medial
(vasoconstrictor):

layer polihendral, superfisial round

cell
- umbrella cell surface cell
- non permiable urine composiion
not
change.
- lamina propria: contain capillary
and connecting tissue with collagen
fiber

- artriole &
venous
constriction

- aldosteron
secretion

smooth musc :
- inner layer longitude
- outer layer sirkuler
-1/3 distal consist 3 layer smooth
musc :
- inner layer longitudinal
- medial layer
- outer layer longitudinal

Vesika urinaria
Tunika muscularis: 3 layer
smooth muscular
Tunika mucosa :
- outer layer : longitudinal
- transitional ep : layer of about 7
- medial layer : sirkuler
cuboidal cell, with umbrella cell and
- inner layer : longitudinal
crusta no absorption mucosa
This 3 layer often difficult to
inpermeable
distinguish
- lamina propria: fibroelastic connecting
Tunika adventitia : contain
tissue
loose connecting tissue with
blood / lymphatic vessel and
nerves
Urethra
- short 5 cm
- longer than female 20
- t.mucosa : - upper part transitional
25 cm
epithel
- morphologic: - u.pars
- middle part
prostatika
pseudostratified
transitional ep
epithel
- u.pars membranosa
- lower part stratified
columnair/
squamous
pseudostratisfied ep
epithel, near vulva
- u.pars spongiosa stratified
- lumen semilunar
squamous ep
- mukosa
* u. pars bulbous
intraepitelial gland
* u. pars pendulosa
mucous Littre gland
- orificium urethra
externum
Capasity : 500 ml urine
Empty : pyramid form with apex in basal

angiotensinase

Angiotensin
III

sfinter urethrae
(ot.skelet)
- t.muscular : smooth musc from
outer layer
bladder longitudinal
fiber.
- t.adventisia : very thin connecting
tissue

Male Reproductive System

Male reproductive System

comprises:
- Testis
- ductuli system
- Accesorius gland
- Penis

TESTIS
Microscopic :
- tunica vaginalis outer
layer consist 2
layer parietal and visceral
layer, surfaced
lined by mesothel between
contain sereus
fluid mesothel cell product
lubricant
- tunica albuginea middle
layer
- collagen tissue
- septa testis -> 250
lobuli a 1- 4 semineferus
tubules
- mediastinum testis
- tunica vasculosa inner layer
blood
vessel
- seminiferous tubules :
- diameter : 150
300um
- length : 30 70 cm
-Function :
- gamet cell
- hormon
Tubulus Seminiferus

Basal M. also contains 1-3

squamous cell ( mioid cell)
- Seminiferus tubules consist
: - sertoli cell and
spermatogenic cell
- Boundary tissue : elastic /
collagen fiber and smooth
musc.
Sertoli Cell
- Microscopic :
- localization between
spermatogenic cell
- columnair cell
- Cristalloid Charcot-Bottcher
- Sertoli cell only syndrom
-

Function :
- secretion of factors which
regulate
spermatogenesis and
spermiogenesis
- secretion on factor which
regulate the
functions of Leydig cells and
peritubular
cells
- secretion of Inhibin which
regulates
hormon production
- secretion tubular fluid
- phagocytosis of discarded
spermatid
cytoplasm

4-8 layer cells

Diferensiasi cell start from basal
layer
End product spermatozoa
Process spermatogenesis
= spermatogonia stem cell changes
to spermatosoa =

Spermatogenic cells
Spermatogenetic cell consist ;
- spermatogonia
- spermatocytes I
- spermatocytes II
- spermatid
- spermatozoa

Spermiogenesis

Process which spermatid transformed

into motile mature
spermatozoa, the process is very
complexs
Stage :
1. Golgi phase
- Golgi app acrosomal vesicle
(carbohydrates / hydrolytis
enzym)
- Meanwhile both centrioles migrate
to the end
of the cell opposite to the
acrosomal head cap
centriole aligned parallel to the
long axis of
the nucleus elongates
flagellum
2. Cap Phase
- Acrosomal vesicle changes shape
enclose the
anterior half of of the nucleus
become the
acrosomal caps
- nuclear membrane beneath

Acrosome Phase
-Elongated flagellum aksonem
contain
contractil protein arranged
longitudinally
around the core of the flagellum
- Cytoplasma migrates o surrund the
first part of
Flagellum
Flagellum elongates, excess
cytoplasma phagocytosed by Sertoli
cell. Nucleus chromatin granul
becomes bigger at last seem as
homogen mass, mitochondria become
arranged in a helical manner around
the fibril in the first part of flagellum

SPERMATOZOA
Sperma
Neck:
Consisting 3 part : head, neck and
* very short, connecting the head
tail , tail subdivided into three
with the
segment middle piece, principal
tail
piece and end piece
* contains sentriole axoneme
Head :
Middle piece :
- 7 um long, flattened pear shape
- 7 um long
- nucleus : occupies most of the head,
- axoneme
very
- mitochondria spiral

Interstisial tissue
Contain :
- blood and lymphatic vessel
- nerve fiber
- collagen fiber
- cell : mesenchymfibroblast
lymphocyt
mast
macrofag
intertisial

condensed chromatin and vacuol

- acrosom :
* surrounding 2/3 anterior part
nucleus
* flattened membrane bound
vesicle contain glycoproteins hydrolytic
enzymes(hyaluronidase)
* PAS +

Principal piece
- 45 um long
- Capsula fibrosa
End piece :
- 5-10 um long
- capsule fibrosa and circumferential
fiber cease
near the junction of principal piece
and end
piece.
- the end piece is composed axoneme
only

Testis Function
Production spermatozoa
Production hormon testosteron
Functiong of testosteron :
- sexs secunder
- libido
- continued function of the
semineferus
epithelium
- maturation of spermotozoa

Ductili system
Seminiferous tubules
Rectus tubules
Rete testis
Ductus efferentus
Ductus epididymis
Vas deferens
Ductus ejaculatorius
Urethra

- 15 - 20 ductus
- coil structure
- length 6 8 cm
mucosa :
2 types of columnair ep.
i. ciliated cell
ii. absorbtif cell-> fluid from
testis
Ductus epididymis :

INTERTISIAL CELL LEYDIG

Localization between seminiferous
tubules
Near blood capiler
Morphologic :
Rounded / polygonal cell
Nucleus : central, oval, nucleoli > 1
Cytoplasma : - eosinophili rich with
lipid vacuol
- secretory granul
- cristaloid -> Reike cristal
Embryologic : mesemchymal
Function : production testosteron
= sex hormon also production
in adrenal gland and ovary in female in
small portion
TUBULUS RECTUS
- localisation in apexs tub
seminiferous
- short
- mucosa : simple columnair ep
- cells like cell sertoli
RETE TESTIS
- small, anastomosis
- simple squamos ep / cuboidal ep +
microvil
- surround by : - vascular colagen tissue
- myoid cell

DUCTUS EFFERENTUS
- lapisan otot polos
- In caput epididimis small
prismatic
structure konus vaskulosa

Ductus deferens :

. l. propria : connecting tissue with

. length 5-7 cm, wide 1 cm

. Pseudostratisfief ep :
1.columnair cell + steriocilia
2.basal cell.
. Basal memb + smooth musc .
. Function :
* accumulation, storage and
maturation sperma
* contraction when eyaculation

. Wall relative thick

. Lumen like star
. Mucosa :
* like star
* pseudostratifief + stereocilia

elastic fiber.
. tun. muscularis (3 layers )
- inner
: longitudinal
- middle : circuler
- outer
: longitudinal
. tun. adventisia :
connecting tissue, elastis fiber
blood vessel, nerve fiber and smooth
musc (m.cremaster and plexus
pampiniformis)
The delated distal portion of each vas
deferens knows as ampulla

Ductus ejaculatorius :
. Very short
. Ampulla receives a short duct
draining the seminal vesicle
. Join the urethra , passed through the
prostate gland
. T.mucosa: psdostr. ep/simple
columnair ep.
. t.muscularis: smoth musc and fibro
musculer tissue from prostate.
Spermatogenesis under the influence of:
1.temperature : C lower than body
temperature
2. Hormon
3. Vitamin E.

ACCESSORIUS GLAND
- Glandula Seminal vesicle
- Glandula Prostate
- Glandula Bulbo-urethral
Glandula Seminal vesicle
- unbranced tubular diverticulum of vas
deferens, long about 15 cm but it coiled
5-6 cm
-microcopic :
- mucosa :
* pseudostratified ep or cuboidal /
columnair, depend to :
- secretion level
- age
- testosteron
* citoplasma : secretory granula
contains : fibrinogen, fruktose,
inositol. vitamine C,
citrate and prostaglandin
Glandula PROSTAT :

- Lamina propria : rich of elastic fiber

and surrounded by thin layer of smooth
musc.
- t. musculair : smooth musc, circulair
inside and longitudinal out side
- t. adventitia

- surrounded proximal urethra

- 30-50 tubulo alveolar gland.
- 15-30 ductuli u.p.prostatika
- Capsul : fibroelastic tissue + smooth
musc + capiller septa lobus
- musculair layer : smooth musc.
- mucosa : cuboidal / columnair
pseudosrtatisfied ep, with stroma rich
fibromuscular surrounds the gland

KELENJAR BULBO-URETHRALIS
= KELENJAR COWPERI
- tubulo-alveoler
- capsula : thin contains t.d. :
*connecting tissue+elastic fiber
*smooth and skelet musc.
- divided in 2 lobi.
- mucosa : simple columnair / cuboidal
ep, citoplasma with secretory granula +
inclusion bodies .
Nucleus in basal cell.
Secret mucous .
- ductus exretoriun : ep same urethtra
and insertion in urethra pars cavernosa.

All the corpora carvenosum penis

surround by penis fascia and thicker
capsula knows as tunika albuginea.
Penis skin :
- the skin in penis is thin and hair in
proximal penis (pubes) and in the penis
their is a thin hair called vellus.
-Preputsium : skin surrond the glans
penis
- inner mucosa consist stratisfied

- secretori cell
citoplasma: acidophil, granula
secretori + lipid drops
- irreguler lumen.
- ductus likes small tubules with secret
likes milk and rich with citric acid,
hidrolytic enzym and fibrinolysin.

- Kondensation of the secretknows as :

corpora amylacae.
- The prostate has 3 zone :
* central zone : 25 % glands volume
surrouds the ejaculatory duct
* transition zone : 5 %. surrounds the
proximal prostatic urethra benign
prostatic hyperplasia
* peripheral zone : 70 %, makes up
the buck of the glands prostatic cancer

PENIS
Function :
- copulasi
- canal for urine and ejaculat
Consist :
- Korpora cavernosa penis
- Korpora cavernosa urethrae
= Korpora spongiosa penis
- Kulit penis ( pembungkus).
K.c.p. : pair cylindrical masses of
erectile tissue, separated by septum
pectiniformis, extreme point changes as
glang penis and surround by penis
fascia
K.c.u.: only one localisation minddle
dorsal, urethra in the central
SUBCUTAN
- Fascia superfisialis penis
tunica dartos from scrotum .
- Fascia penis surround the corp.cav.
penis+ corp cav.urethra.
Corpora Carvernosa consist :
- broad vascular lacunae or
carvenosa sinus
- trabeculae of fibroelastic tissue
containing smooth musc fiber
- all lined by non fenestrated

GAMBAR PENIS :

In circumcisi, the all or a part of the

preputsium will be excicition .

squamous ep + Tyson gland (sebacea

gland) secret smegma

endothelium