Types of contraception

1. Choosing Not to Have Sex

2. Emergency Contraceptive

3. Birth Control Pills

4. Female Condom

5. Cervical Cap

6. Fertility Awareness Method

7. Condoms

8. Injectable Contraception

9. Contraceptive Film

10. Intrauterine Contraception

11. Contraceptive Foam

12. The Patch

13. Contraceptive Implant

14. The Ring

15. Contraceptive Sponge

16. The Shield

17. Contraceptive Suppositories

18. Withdrawal

19. Diaphragm

Injection contraception
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of progestogen-only contraceptives depends on the
progestogen activity and dose. High-dose progestogen-only contraceptives,
such as injectable DMPA, inhibit follicular development and
prevent ovulation as their primary mechanism of action.[3][4] The progestogen
decreases the pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
release by the hypothalamus, which decreases the release of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior
pituitary. Decreased levels of FSH inhibit follicular development, preventing
an increase in estradiol levels. Progestogen negative feedback and the lack
of estrogen positive feedback on LH release prevent a LH surge. Inhibition of
follicular development and the absence of a LH surge prevent ovulation.
A secondary mechanism of action of all progestogen-containing
contraceptives is inhibition of sperm penetration by changes in the cervical
mucus.[7]

Inhibition of ovarian function during DMPA use causes the endometrium to

become thin and atrophic. These changes in the endometrium could,
theoretically, prevent implantation. However, because DMPA is highly
effective in inhibiting ovulation and sperm penetration, the possibility
of fertilization is negligible. No available data support prevention of
implantation as a mechanism of action of DMPA.
ADVANTAGES

Nothing needs to be taken daily or at the time of sexual intercourse.

Injectables are extremely effective.

Women lose less blood during menstruation when they are using injectables and have
less menstrual cramps.

Privacy is a major advantage. No one has to know a woman is using this method.

Nursing mothers can receive injections; it is best to receive after the baby is six weeks
old.

It is okay for a woman to start another contraceptive method if it is less than 13 weeks
since the last shot.

Injectables may lead to improvement in PMS (premenstrual symptoms), depression or

symptoms from endometriosis.

DISADVANTAGES

Injectables do not protect you from HIV infection or other STIs. Use condoms to reduce
risk.

Injections can lead to very irregular periods. If a woman's bleeding pattern is

bothersome, there are medications which can be given to help have a more acceptable pattern
of bleeding.

Some women gain weight. To avoid weight gain, women should watch their calorie
intake and get lots of exercise.

A woman has to return every three months for her injection.

Depression and premenstrual symptoms may become worse.

It may be a number of months before a woman's periods return to normal after her last
shot.

Injectables may cause bone loss, especially in smokers. Women should get regular
exercise and consider taking extra calcium to protect their bones from osteoporosis.
Some women are allergic to injectables.

Cause the infection to occur

Birth control pills change in the vaginal environment occur with increased hormonal levels from
estrogen-containing birth control pills. This change creates an environment for the fungus to
grow and cause symptoms.