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s:

Clarification on DXDOX Refunds

last month , we reported thai all donations made to the nowcancelled OXODX expedition 10 the Spratly Islands would be
refunded in fun. This was ret entirely accurate. In an e-mail 10
CO in response to questions raised by readers, learn leader
Chris Dimitri;evic, VK3FY. explained that -(l )he eKttemely high
cost of this DXpedilion will mean thai the team will receive
refunds thai will amounl lo less than what was contributed.- He
said lhe plan was lor all DX ODX assets 10 be SOld. with the proceeds being disbursed as either partial ortull relunds.lndividual
donors were 10 receive 100% relunds, he said, with club and
foundation sponsors being reimbursed lor 80% of their donations. The remaining fund s were 10 be divided among learn

members to help reimburse their major investments in the

planned trip, wh ich was cancelled due to safety concerns.

Hams Respond to Natural Disasters

Around the World
Ham radio operators prOVided varying levels of communicatiOns assistance in response to Ikxxis in Thailand and Italy, an
earthquake in Turkey and a damaging soowstorm in the U.S.
Northeast in late October and earty November.
"Newsline- reports that the secretary of Tha iland's natiOnal
ham radio association says its members have saved nearty
1000 lives by coordlnatmg rescue communications in the wake
of the country's worst flooding in over 60 years.
Hams also responded ener a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck
eastern Turkey, to floods in Italy and a late October snowstorm
that lett hug e swa ths 01 the northeastern U.S. without power.

The debut 01 the PortugueStrlanguage editiOn 01 CO drew a

large and enthusiastic crowd at Fenarcom, Brazifs largest
hamfest. in early November. (Photo courtesy Mici Stwertnik.,
NCGIComet Antennas)

Portuguese Edition of CO Launched In Brazil

The first edition of CO RadiOamadorismo, the Portugueselanguage edition of CO published in Braz il, was eurodoced at
that country's larges t namteet. Fenarcom, on Novem ber 5. The
issue and cover featured an interview with one of Brazil's bestknown amateur satellite enthusiasts , Dr. Junior Torres de
Castro , PY2BJO, who developed the DOVE satellite , The new
ma gaz ine's website is <http://www.cqmagazine.com.b r/>.

Senators Seek to Block

FCC Approval of L1ghtSquared
At least lWo U .S. Senators have taken action to try to stop
the FCC lrom granting approval for UghtSquared to operate a
wireless internet service on frequencies ad}8cent to those used
lor the Global POSitioning System (GPS). Citing potential jntertererce to the satellite direction--finding system -on which our
publiC safety and natiOnal S9ClJrrty depend so heavily: Kansas
Republican Pat Roberts introduced an amendment to an approretoos bill to prevent the FCC lrom using appropriated funds
for approving UghtSquared's application until interference concerns have been resolved, according to his website.
In addition, various news sources reported that Sena tor
Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) threatened to block con firmation 01
Pre sident Obama 's two nominees to the FCC unless the
Commission released documents he requested related to
UghtSquared. The Sen ate wa s scheduled at the end of
November to beg in the confirmation process for the two nominees, Democrat Jessica Rosenworcel and Republica n Ajlt Pai.

FCC Affirms BPL Rules

The FCC has made minor tweaks in it s 2004 rules for
Broadband over Power Lines (BPL), but adopted neither the
changes proposed by the ARRL nor its own original proposal.
In a Second Report and Order on the issue, whiChlorlowed a
2008 federal court ruling that it had made procedural errors in
the original proceeding, the FCC changed from 20 dB to 25 dB
the amount by whiCh BPL prOViders need to be able to notch
their signals in the event of interference complaints. But it did
not go along w ith the ARRL's request for mandatory notching
01 ham band s.
BPL is a means of providing high-speed inte rnet access to
hom es via power lines, using frequencies in the HF and low
VH F portions of the spectrum . In test markets, certain types of
BPL caused massive inte rference to close-in amateur stations.
So far, the system has not proven to be economically feasible
anywhere that it has been tried .

European Governments Support

Longwave Ham Band
The European Council 01 Post and Telecommunication s
Adm inistratiOns (CEPT) has endorsed a proposal to create a
worldwide secondary amateur radio allocation between 472 and
480 kHz. According to "Newsline: stations using the newallocation, if approved. woul d be limited to five watts ellective radiated power (ERP). A ham atlocation in the neighborhood of 500

2 co

January 201 2

kHz is e xpected to be taken up at th is month's World

RadiocommuincatiOn Conference in Geneva , Switzerland. For
more on WRC-1 2, see this month's ~aShington Reaetour coumn on page 52 of this issue.

Ham Rad io to Join Cast of " Last Man Standing"

Amateur radio witl become an ongoing part of the ABC c0medy, Last Man Standing.- as of the program's November 22
broadcast. Star Tim Allen wi ll have various pieces of ham gear
on his ollice desk, incl uding rigs provided by tCO M, and an HF
antenna from Comel. Scenes from CO videos will be visible on
his large-screen TV and some copies of CO magazine may
show up on his desk as well. His character will be identified as
a licensed ham, although the callsign he w ill use is fictional.
Producer John Amodeo is a ham (NNBJA). He says he feels
that ham radio lits right in with the persona 01 Allen's character,
Mike Baxter, who is marketing di rector for an outdoor/sporting
goods company, He also thinks that hams fit right in as pa rt 01
the show's target audience. Amodeo wams that, at least at first,
ham radio's presence will be only visual, and has not yet been
worked into any scripts. (See John's article, -Producing Ham
Radio: aooct how he got several 01 the show's stall members
licensed as hams, on p. 30 of the Dec.2011 issue of CO.)

lIIegal lO-Meter Activ ity on the Rise

It seems that a large number of taxicabs in Russia have been
illegally using the l Q-meler band tor their communications, but
nobody much notiCed until now, as the rising sunspot cycle
brought about improved propagation on the band. According to
' Neweune,' most of the cabbies were USing channelized FM
rig s. Russia's Radio Frequency Service has reportedly
promised to crack down on the illegal users.
AM and SSB transmissions by non -amateurs in North
America have also been reported . U .S. amateurs hearing illegal activity on 10 meters are encouraged to gather as much
information as possible and then get in touch with the FCC's
Enforcement Bureau.
(Continued on pg, 10)

AdcMJonaJ and I4)dated news is avaMable on /he Ham Radio News

page et !tle CO It'Bbsde at <hlfp:lIwww.cq-anvllJur-racto.oom>. 1=0'
btNlUng news stonBs. plus 1(1/0 on addrtJona/ Items et intstvst, sign up
fotCO ', free online ~ner senoice. Just CIIdf on 'CO NewsJBrteron the home page 01 ()(Jf ~ ,

Vis it Our Web Site

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p. 13

features
20

34

Vol. 68 No.1

RESULIS OF THE 2011 CO WW WPX SSB CONTEST

By Randy Thompson, K5ZD
Trophy Winners and Donors
23
World Top Scores
24
Europe Top Scores ..........................................................26
USA Top Scores ............................................................29
An-TIITIe R9OOf'ds .............................................................32
Scores .......... .............................................................102
WHO NEEDS A MICROPHONE FOR A PHONE CONTEST? Want to
set up something where you can call CO in a contest Without a mic?
Here's how .
By Jamie Dupree, NS3T

28
48

ANNOUNCING: The 2012 CO WW WPX RnY Contest

MATH 'S NOTES: The operational amplifier (continued)
By Irwin Math, WA2NDM

55
56

ANNOUNCING: 2012 nominations open for the CO Amateur Radio. OX,

and Contest Halls of Fame
MAGIC IN THE SKY: Commentary-the battle for hearts, minds ... and

70

logic?
By Jeff Reinhardt , AA6JR
THE HAM NOTEBOOK: M5S" in your shack-one way to get organized

p.61

By Wayne Yoshida, KH6WZ

74

ANTENNAS: Receiver SW R and some simple antennas tor 10 meters

By Kent Britain WA5VJB

departments
13

VHF PLUS: Sill.

coeesars. four crwersmes. one successtullaunch

By Joe Lynch, N6CL

52
61

65

68
81
86
90
94

98

WASHINGTON READOUT: ITU Workl radio Conference 2012- amateur

radio access to new spectrum around 500 kHz is on the agenda: 60
meters endangered
By Frederick O. Maia. W5YI
PUBUC SERVICE: Arkansas SKYWAR~ lessons in social graces
By Richard Fisher, K/6SN
LEARNING CURVE: Salety in the ham shack
By Rich Arland, KlSZ
KIT-BUILDING: "An open and shut case"
By Joe Eisenberg, KONEB
WHAT'S NEW: New gear lor a new year
By John Wood, WVSJ
AWARDS: OX grid squares : N4PJ, USA-CA All Counties ' 1218
By Ted Melioosky, KI B V
OX: Contest/Ox e)(pedi tions!
By Carl Smith, N4AA
CONTESTING: Tips for conlesting durin g periods 01 high solar activity
By George tssroe. N2GA
PROPAGATION: Solar Cycle 241inalty active in 20 11, plus moderate
2011 CO I/'NI DX
con test cooditions
By Tomas Hood. NW7US

sse

p.22
ON THE COVER: Aubiesatl Project Managers Jamie Droddy, KI4TXZ, and Thor Wilson,
KI4TXV, hOld a model of the studentbuilt
CubeSat at Aubum University back in 2007.
The satellite was launched late in 2011 and is
nowOSCAR-71 , See story on page 13. (Cover
photo by larry Mulvehill, WB2ZPI)

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An Old Friend Returns

e've all proba bly had this experience at one lime

or another: We bump into an old friend we haven't

seen in years, and afte r a lew minutes of catching up, pick up our relationship as if there'd been no interruption at all. I had that experience during the CO Work!
Wide
Coolest at the end of October. You may know

sse

myoid friend ._, its name is 10 meters.

I didn't have a whole 101 of operating lime this year in the
CQWW. Here in the northeast. we'd had a freak October
snowstorm thai dropped heavy wei snow on trees thai still

had most or all of their leaves. The damage to limbs. and

topowar lines, was worse than we've seen here in decades.
Fortunately. we didn't!ose power at our reuse. but my inlaws did, so a lot 01 time was devoted 10 getting them (and
what could be salvaged from their refrigerator) moved into
our house lor a few days. But I did manage to gel in a little operaling time on Saturday night and Sunday.
I'd been hearing rumors that the higher sunspot numbers were bringing long-distance propagation back to my
long-time laVOfite band, so on Sunday morning when I got
back to the radio, I figured I'd give a listen to 10 meters. I
didn't leave lor the rest of the day (e xcept for my two final
OSOs, but more on them later). Not only was 10 meters
open, it was open to Europe and it was packed' With my
100 watts and a vertical , I didn't work anything exotic, but
for the first time in at least five years, I was working eastwest paths on 10 m eters. In the afternoon, I worked Hawaii
and Alaska , and heard (but didn't work) several stations
in Japan and New Zealand.
One of my favorite things about 10 meters is how you
can watch the propagation move as you go through the
day , At my location in the northeast, you start out working Europe in the moming. then the Europeans drop ou t
and the U S west coast starts to come in, lollowed by the
Pacific and Asia as evening approaches, But you lose that
at solar minimum. I looked ba ck over m y logs from 2006
to 20 10. There were very lew 1O-m ete r contacts there at
all, compared with other ba nds , and every one 01 them
was on a north-so uth path-the Caribbean, Central
Am erica , and South Am erica.
Don't get me wrong . There's plenty of great OX to be
worked in those places. But as anyone who's been on 10
d uring the peak 01 a sunspot cycle can te ll you, that's not
what 1a meters is all about. Ten meters is all about worldwide OX with Ilea power and a wet noodle lor an an tenna . My colleague Rich ard Fisher, KI6SN , was telling me
how he'd recently worked Japan f rom southe rn Cali fornia
o n t o-meter FM sim plex w ith 50 watts an d an indoor
dipole, That's what 10 meters is all about!

Something Different
There's something different in this rising sunspot cycle,
thOUgh, than in the past. This tim e around, for the first lime
ever, every licensed amateur in the United States-

700,3' 4 of us as of October 3 ' t -s-nss operating privileges on ' 0 meters, including voice privileges on the hot
DXing frequencies of 28.300 to 28.500 MHz. General
Class and higher licensees have the whole band available, but atlhe risk of repealing myself, for the first lime
ever, every U.S. ham is invited to the party!
Don't let antenna restrictions get in your way. A tc-rreter
dipole cut for 28.4 MHz (the center of the TechlNovice
phone band) is only 16 ' l2 feet long. Put one up in your attic
or garage (if you don't have one of those, get creative and
find a place) and get on the air. reo-rreteevertceis lor your
car are readily available and today's versions are mud1
more compact than the l OB-inch CB whip you may remember. Check our ads or your tavcote ham dealer.

e-mail; <w2vlJ@cq-amateur-radio.com>

co

January 2012

Predict ions are that the peak of this sunspot cycle will
be relatively brief. The Mofficiar prediction is tor a peak
next year, in 20 13: CO Propagation Editor NW7US thinks
we've got a little more time than that (see his column on
page 98). But regardless of whether the cycle peaks in
20 13 or 20 14 , it won 't be with us for long this lime around
and we don't want you to miss out on all the lun this wonderful band has to offer, Get (or bUild ) a radio that operates on 10 meters. Get (or build) an antenna, and get on
the aill
Oh yes, about my last two contacts during the COWW;
Ten was still open but I'd worked just about everybOdy
who had a chance of hearing me, so I switched over to 15
meters and the magic 01 sunspots was otMous there as
wen... I had time for only two O SOs-and here's one
advantage ot a vertical antenna-my first one was a Z08
on Ascension Island in the South Atla ntic , followed almost
immediately by a VY1 in the Yukon. Ahhh . . the warm
glow of sunspots!

New Friends
As much tun as it was to spend tim e with my old friend,
ten meters, I had just as much tun soon afterward with
some new friends--ol the human variety. The weekend
after the CO World Wide, I was invited to )Din the NYC
Resistor "maker" group in operating a special event station in the middle of N ew York City. It was one of several
stations operating that weekend to highlight efforts to
purchase inventor Nikola Testa's Long Island laboratory
and turn it into a science cente r (see <httpJIwww.
teslasciencecenter.o rg!.
I'll be writing a lull article about it in an upcoming issue,
but we were operating as N3Y from a balcony on the 38th
floor of the New Yorker Hotel in midtown Manhattan, The
NYC Resistor folks tend to be in thei r 305, heavily into technology (inclUding ham radio] and enjoy building things. I
was one ot th ree older ha ms in the group and was energized by the enthusiasm of these younger ha ms as they
set up and operated on two HF bands ptus satellites. We
plan to do more in CO in the future to help bring tog ether
the "maker" and ham radio communities. Stay tuned.

Doin' Digital
I can't wrap this up without coming back to last month's
topic of our new digital editions. When I w rote last month' s
edi torial, the first issue 01 CO in digital form ha d not ye t "hit
the streets." Well, now it has , and while I realty enjoy looking at the magazine on my computer screen, I am totally
blown away by reading it on my wife's iPad!l, The image
quality is inc redible and , if small type isn't your thing , a simple swipe of the fingers is all it takes to blow it up to whatever size you'd like . Plus, on all devices, just touching or
dicking on the name 01 an article in the table 01 contents
takes you right to it; likewise any links in articles or ads.
As 01 now, the leatures are still pretty basic. But as we,
our writers and our advertisers leam more about what we
can do with this new medium, I'm sure we'll see more and
more enhancements .
And what about print? I still love the look, feel and portability of a printed magazine and probabty always will. For
me, the digital edition is going to be a valuable add-on to
the print edition. Each has its distinct benefits and drawbacks, but the combination is unbeatable!
Best wishes from all of us at CO to you and your lamilies for a happy, healthy, safe , and p rosperous new year!
73 , W2VU
N ote
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PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA - The Desert Radio Amateur

en
+-

Tran smihlng Society will hold the Palm Springs Hamlest on January 28

EDITORIAL STAFF

from 9:30 AM 10 4:30 PM al "The Bam." More than 25 commercial vendors

pius consignment sales. Activities include row-to demonstrations. seminars,
swap meet, andan RVconvoy from QuartzfeslledbyGordon West, WB6NQA.

RIchard S. Moseson, W2VU, Editor

Gail M. Sheehan, K2 RED, Managing Editor

Email: <PalmSprings.hamfest @gmail.com>. Website: <http://desertrals.

am>. Ta lk-in 146 .960 (PL 107.2). Special Event Station. WD6RAT, will be on
the air from 9 AM to 3 PM. Frequencies include 7.251+: 14,251+ (voice);
14,070+ (PSK31); 14.1 09 10 14.11 1 (MT-63- 1000); and 14.07510 14,078

(1)

(Olivia500). E-mail:<PalmSprings.hamfest 0 gmaiLcorn>.

E
(1)
o

ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA - The Straight Key Century Club (SKe e ) will

broadcast special event staten K3V from ()(X)() UTe, Jan uary 1 to 2359
UTe, January 3t to honor six years of the organization's growth. Frequencies
are 1.820. 3.550 . 7.055, 10.120, 14.050, 18.080 ,21.050 , 24.9 10, and 50.090
MHz (:1:10 kHz). For a special OSl, send name. ca llsign, and address to Dan
RhOdes. KA3CTO, 618 Seminole Drive, Erie, PA 16505. Website:
<http://www.skccgroup.com:>.
GREENWOOO, SOUTH CAROLINA - The Greenwood Hamfest win
be held January 14 at the Piedmont Ted miCal College Multipurpose Building
N. ActivitieS include ARRl forums, dealers. flea market, and door prizes. vE
Exams walk-in. starting at 10:30 AM. Contact: GAA.s., PO Boll 2404.
Greeowood. SC 29646. Website: <http :Jtwww.w4gwd.org:>. Talk.... 147.165
(+YAl T 443.900 + tone 107.2.
FORT WORTH. TEXAS - The Cowtown Hamfest 20 12 will be held on
January 20 and 21 at the lockheed Martin Recreational Area. More than
100 tables, an outdoor tailgate flea market, educational programs. and VE
testlng. Contact David Forbes, KC5UYA, <kc5uyrOcompuse rve.com:>.
Talk-in 147.28. Tone 110.9
W AUKESHA. WISCONSIN - The 40th Annual MidwInter Ham Radio.
Computer and Electronics Swaptest witl be held on Saturday, January 7
from 8 AM to 2 PM at the Waukesha County Expo Center Forum. VE testing 9 AM to 11 ;15 AM at the AMF Waukesha Lanes . For vendor information
and advanced registration (deadline December 28) contact : Phil Gural,
W9NAW. 414-425-3649. Website: <httpJIwww.warac.org >.

C
::J

"'_t

PltMSfI submit hMnfest and speeisI e""",f arn:lUt'lCOO'I6fs . t

th,.. month_
In .m".~ by &-mal to <hamfestOcq-a mateurofltdio.com> or <sp;aNwwl,Ocq.mafeurradio.COtn>. or by postal mait to: CO~, Attn: HlJmfests (or SpecIal
EWNlISJ. 25 NewbricJge Rd., HicksVille. NY "SO ' .

CONTRISUTING EOITORS
Rich Anand, K7sz, Learning CuIVe
Kent Britain , WA5VJ B, Antennas
Britta ny Qecker, KB1OGL., Kids' Komer
Joe Eisenberg, KBNEB, Kit--8uikiing
Richard Fisher, KI6SN, Public 5efvice

Cam Hartford. N6GA, QRP

Tomas Hood. NW7US. Propagation
Joe LyndI, N6CL., VHF
Frederick O. Maia, WSYI, FCC Correspondent
Irwin Math, WA2NDII , Maths Notes
Ted .....inosky, K1 BV. Awalds & USA.cA
Jeff Reinhardt. AA6JR. ~ Magic
Don Rotolo, N21RZ, DigilaI
Car1 Smith, N4AA. OX

George Tranos, H20A, ContestJng

Gordon West, WB6NOA, AI-large
John Wood, WVSJ, What's New
Wl yne Yoshida, KH6WZ, The Ham NoIebook

AWARD MANAGfMENT
Floyd Genild. NSFG, WAZ Award
$t _ Sofia. H8BJQ, WP X Award
Ted Mejinosky. K1BV, USA.cA Award
Kef1h Gilbertson, KBKG, 00 OX A_ rd
CONTEST MANAGfMENT
Rooert

eor., KJEST, WW OX Contest OM8C1Of

John Undholm, Wl xx, VHF Contest Directol'

Randy Thompson, KSZO, WPX Contest Directol'
John Sweeney, K9 EL, OX Mar.!.thon OMec1oI
Andy Blllnk, N2NT. 160M Contest ()r8C1Of
Ed Muns, WBYK, RTTY Contest Director

BUSINESS STAFF
Richard A. Rou, K2MGA, POOlishef
Chip UargelU, K7JA, AdYartrsing Sales & Mar1le\lng
Emily Leary, Sales CoordInator
581 0eI Grosso, Controler
Doris Wins , Acoounbng Department

ClllCULAnON STAFF
Meli..a Gilligan, Operations Manager
Cheryl DILorenzo, Customar Service Manager
AnnMlrle Auer, Customer Service

PRODucnON STAFF

en '8:"

3 -~
(1)
c

W2ML Receives Li feti me Achievement Award from CO

0
"'0
0
~

E
0

s:
10 _

Steve Mendelsohn, W2ML; CO Contributing Editor Gordon West,

WB6NOA, and CO Advertising Manager Chip Margelli, K1JA , at the
Pacificon banquet in October, where CO presented Mendelsohn with a
Lifetime Achievement Award.
CO magazine honored Steve Mendelsohn, W2Ml. with a uteume
Achievement Award at the Pacilicon hamlest in October. Mendelsohn, who is
lighting pancreatic cancer, nee been Communications Director of the New Yor\l.
City MarathOn for more than 25 years and served the ARRL as Hudson Division
Director and First VICe President. He was also a leader in repeater coordination in the 19705 and 80S. Prolessionally, as an audio engineer at CBS and
then ABC, Steve was press pool broadcast engineer lor four presidenlS during foreign trips, and more recently in charge of all radio communiCalions at
Giants Stadium in New Jersey during New York Jets home games.

60 Meters Gets New Channel, New Modes & Higher Power

The FCC aocctec new rules for the 6O-meter (5 MHz) band in mid-

November, swapping one frequency for another and perrmning greater IIexibility in power and operating modes. Currootly, hams in the U.S. have a
secondary allocation on the band and are jimited to upper sideband (USB)
with a maximum of 50 wans PEP on live specific frequencies.
In the new rules , amateurs wi! also be able to use CW and the PSK31 and
Pectoe-m digital modes: and the power limit has been doubled to 100 watts
PEP. In addition. the current channel centered on 5368 kHz win be replaced by
one centered on 5358.5 kHz. Voice and digital users should setlheir VFOs 1.5
kHz below the center Ireqooncy while CW cps should be r9lt on the center
freQU8flCY. The new rules take effect 30 days alter publication in the Federal
Register, which would most lik ety mean sometime in mid-January.

CO _ January 2012

Elizabet h Ryan, Art Director

Barbara McGowan, Associate Art Director
Dorothy Kehrwleder, Production Director
Em ily Leary, Production Manager
Hal Keith , Illustrator
Larry Mulvehill. WB2ZPI, Staft Photographer
Rod Somera , Webmaster

A pubhc8fioo 01

CO Communications, Inc.
25 Newbridge Road
Hicksville. NY 11 801 USA.

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'"'--<

Six CubeSats, Four Universities,

One Successful Launch

'z<

<
=r
---t\

:I:

aunches of student-buitt CubeSats have

been somewhat problematic in the past. For
example , in March 20 11, three CubeSats
we re lo st when the Taurus rocket carrying NASA's
Glory scientific spacecraft and a Poly Picosatelfita
Orbital Deployer (P-POD) container carrying three
university payloads failed to reach the proper altitude . The three CubeSats that were lost included :
Hermes from the University of Colorado, KySat-1
from the University of Kentucky. and Exp lorer-l
(PRIME] from Monlana State University.
However. on October 28, 2011 , CubeSat launches achieved a major success when, at 2:48 AM
PDT, a Delta II carrying a National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite System
Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite, also carried
three P-PODs and six CubeSats into orbit. All three
P-PODs deployed successfully and ground operators arou nd the world are tracking the CubeSats.
More information from NASA can be found at this
URL: <http://www. nasa.gov/mission ...pa geslNPP/
mai nlindex.html>.
Photo 1 shows the liftoff of the rocket. Videos of
the launch, deployment. and after launch debriefing can be viewed at the following URLs:
Launch and initial deployment: <http://www.

Z
yout ube .co mJwatch?v=9fh zX FxrOsg& fea lure =
related> and <http ://www .youtube .comlwatch?
teature- ptaverembeoceos v- TQ Ywks8bOhU>.
Deployment of fina l payloads: <http://www.
youtu be .com/watc h j teature-piayer_emb ed ded
&v= FFLm ERzdu UY>.

r-

C
en

The CubeSals
The six CubeSats and their respective info rma tion
(from http://www.cubesat.org) are as follows (also
see photo 2):
Satellite: AubieSat-l
Organization: Auburn University
Downlink Frequency: 437.475 MHz
Transmit Power: 0.70BW
Protocol: Morse Code
Baud Rate: 20wpm
<http://www.space.auburn.edulindex.htm>
Satellites: DIC E (two satellites)
Organization : Utah State University
Downlink Frequency: 465 MHz
<http J/www.sdl .us u.edulp rogramsldice>
Satellite: Explorer- l (PRIME] Flight Unit 2
Organization: Montana State University
Downlink Frequency : 437.505 MHz
Transmit Power: 0.85W

Photo 1- Uhoff of me NPP aboard a Delta II rocket at Space Launch Complex-2 at Vandenberg Air
Force Base in California. (Photo credit: NASAlBiIf Ingalls)
www.cq-amate ur-radio.com

January 2012

CO

13

VHF Plus Calendar

Jan. 1
Jan. 2
Jan. 4
Jan. 9
Jan. 16
Jan. 17
Jan. 23
Jan. 30
Jan. 31

First quarter Moon

Moon apogee
Ouadrantids meteor shower
Full Moon
Last Quarter Moon
Moon perigee
New Moon
Moon apogee
First Quarter Moon
-EME conditionS courtesy WSLUU

Protocol: AX .25 FSK

Baud Rate: 1200
<http://ssel.montana.edule 1p/>
Satellite : M-Cubed
Orga nization: University of Michigan
Downlink Frequency: 437.485MHz
Transmit Power: < 1W
Protocol: GMSK
Baud Rate: 9600
<htlp:l/u rTICubed .org/>
Satellite: RAX-2
Organization: University of Michigan
Downlink Frequency: 437.345 MHz
Modulat ion: GMSK
Baud Rate: 9600
<hnp:ll rax.engin.umich.eduf>

a model of the CubeSat was used for the month of July 2008
in
annual calendar and is on this issue's cover.
"We do things the students do not learn in crass," said JM Wersinger, KI4YAU, professor emeritus in the Department
of Physics and director of the Auburn University Student
Space Program. "The classwork is extremely impo rtant and
useful, but it's not the whole story.
' fn order to get a job, compa nies would like people to ha ve
skills, like be ing able to work in teams on projects, understanding what a deadline is, understanding how to work with
people. to communicate, and the basics of management and
systems engineering. It's not book learning. It's practical
learninq."
The students designed , built, and tested the sa tellite, and
took it to California for a Mission Readiness Review, which
they passed with flying colors . Finally. the satellite underwent
some tests before being shipped to Califo rnia for integration
into a P-POD that was placed in the launching rocket with
the other CubeSats .
The Auburn University Student Space Program is part of
the College of Sciences and Mathematics. AubieSaH is
sponsored by Auburn University and the Alabama Space
Grant Consortium . Information tor this piece was derived from
this URL: <http://www.auburn.edufacademiclcosamlnewsl
auburn-un iversity-space program-to- Iaunch-states-firslstud ent-built-sa tell ite-into-space .htm> . A YouTube video
about the project can be viewed at: <htlp:llwww.youtube.
comlwatch? featu reeptayer_embedded&v=vdAiQi9_mgo>.

cas

Aub ieSat-'
Now known as AO-71, this CubeSat is part of the Auburn
University Student Space Program, and AubieSat- 1 is the
first student-built sate llite in the state of Alaba ma to be accepted by NASA for launch. Now in space, the satellite communica tes with Auburn students in Morse code. More information on the telemetry can be found at: <http://
www .space.auburn.edulHam_Aa dio.htm>.
AO-7 1 is a CubeSat, which is a 4-inch, cube-shaped satel lite that is used p rimarily for research. Its mai n objective is to
test a new ultraviolet (UV) sensor developed by Dr. Minseo
Park of the Physics Department.
When it was deployed from the rocket, two antennas
emerged. one for receiving signals from Auburn University
and one for sending signals back to Auburn. The students
built a control center in the Physics Department Irom which
they are giving the satellite commands to execute , as well as
receiving data from the satellite such as temperature, battery
charge and voltage. and power from the solar cell s. The students will ultimately measure the decrease of solar-cell efficiency over time on protected versus non-protected solar
panels.
Securing a spot on the rocket for the satellite was a competitive process. AubieSat-1 was selected in July 20 10 by
NASA and is one of only six CubeSats in the nation that
launched on the Delta II rocket.
The program is operated solely by undergraduate students.
App roximately one-hundred students have wo rked on the
current satellite, and the goal of the prog ram is to give the m
a unique experience working in team s on a space experiment and promote workforce development.
Two of those students were Jamie Droddy, Kl4TXZ , and
Thor Wilson, KI4TXV. A photo of these two students holding

14

co January 2012

Photo 2- From left to right, AubieSat-l, Explorer 1 [PRIME]

Unit 2, and M-Cubed. The three sa tellites rode together in
the P-POD container to the righ t. (Photo courtesy of Dave
KJumpar, KD7MFJ)
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Along with Wersinger, a student, Kyle

Owen , KK4ANG , appea rs in the video.
An additional video that shows some of
the development and testing of the
satellite, as well as the launch of the
Delta II rocket and the AubieSat control
room, can be viewed at <http ://www.
youtube .comlwatch?v =xnIJ58pABT4>.
For more information on AubieSat-1,
go to: <http ://www.space.auburn.edu/
lndex.htm>. More information also can
be found on AMSATs AO-7 1 website:
<http ://www .a m sat. o rg/am sat -new/
satellites/satInfo. php?satl D= 138& ret
URL=lsatellitesistatus.php>.

DICE
DICE, which is an acronym for Dynamic
Ionosphere CubeSat Experi ment, will
map geomagnetic Storm Enhanced
Density (SED) plasma bulge and plume
formations in Earth's ionosphere. While
it is a non-amateur radio satellite , its
mission and experi ments have direct
applicability to us.
Two identical spinning spacecraft will
measure plasma density and electric
fields to determine the how and why of
variations in ionospheric plasma density that affect the performance of communications, surveillance, and navigation systems on Earth and in space.
A collaborative effort funded by NSF
the DICE program, pulls together talent
from multiple sources: scientists, engineers, students, and program specialists.
Principal Investigator Geoff Crowley is
CEO of ASTRA (Atmospheric & Space
Technology Research Associates, LLC,
Texas) and a research professor at the
University of Texas at San Antonio.
Deputy PI Charles Swenson teaches
electrical and computer engineering at
Utah State University, where he directs
the Center for Space Engineering and
is a senior scientist at SOL.
Commenting on these satellites in an
email to your editor, Swenson wrote:
The DICE spacecraft are using government bands for communications. The
uplink is at 449.97 MHz with a bandwidth of
34.4 kHz and the downlink is at 465.00 MHz
with a bandwidth of - 3 MHz. It is a halfduplex system and is only active upon
request from the ground station.
We are using an 18 meter DISH at Wallops
Flight Facility on the east coast of USA to talk
to DICE. At the velY least we need 24 10 25
dB gain to get the 0.5 to 2 wall downlink signal and the wallops dish is more like 35 dB.
The output power is adjustable and we are
keeping the power flux density on the Earth
low. The power flux-density produced at the
Earth's surface by any space station in this
460-470 MHz band shall not exceed
- 152dBW/m$}4 kHz according toregulations

16 co January 201 2

Photo 3- P-Pods onboard the Delta II rocket. (Photo courtesy <http://www.

cubesat.org
so our equipment is unique. That said our
data downlink is 1.5 mbitslsecond atter accounting for our error correction code.
We did not place a beacon on the satellites. I should have placed an APAS beacon
on DICE. I really wish we had done something more with the amateur community.
CO-PI Aroh Barjatya teaches physical
sciences at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University; he and his stude nts will be
calibrating the payload . Utah State
University students are spearheading
the design, build , and test of the dual
satellite system .
DICE students at the Space Dynamics
Laboratory (SDL) have take n leading
roles in the satellite design, build, test,
and integration. Additionally, Kelby
Davis, AD7VO designed the antennas
and oversaw most of the radio links.
Informa tion for this piece was derived
from this URL: <http://www.sdl.usu.
edu/programsldice>.

Explorer-l [PRIME] Flight Unit2

As mentioned above, the first Montana
State University stude nt-built satellite
that was launched in the spring failed to
reach orbit as a result of an anomaly
with the TAURUS-XL rocket. Th e twin
of that satellite is known as Explorer-t

[PRIME] Unit 2.
This miniature research satellite is
called Explorer-1 [Prime) in honor of the
first successful U.S. satellite. This
CubeSat was a dream of the late Bill
Hiscock, AD7SW . The following about
Bill, which originally appeared in the
July 2009 edition of this column, is from
Dave Klumpar, KD7M FJ:
As Director of the Montana Space Grant
Consortium , Bill had been an ardent supporter and sponsor of the MSU Space
Science and Engineering l aboratory's

(SSEl) hands-on student spaceflight hardware development projects. The SSEl has
built two nanosatellites,commonly known as
CubeSats, for MSGC. Both satellites utilize
UHF and VHF communications in the Ham
bands and operate in the Amateur Satellite
Service under frequency coordination bythe
IARU. Both miniature scientific satellites
carry radiation detector payloads built upon
Geiger counters provided to SSEl by the
late James A. Van Allen, discoverer of the
Earth's radiation belts. The Montana Earth
Orbiting Pico Explorer (MEROPE) was built
for MSGC by Montana university students in
the SSEL between 2001 and 2006. It was
launched on a DNEPR launch vehicle inJuly
2006.The DNEPR experienced apremature
engine shutdown during the first stage
ascent, resulting in the loss of MEROPE and
22 other satellites intended for orbit.
The outcome of Hiscock's work is the
Explarer-1 [Prime).
MSU stude nts and faculty members
watched the launch from Vandenberg
Air Force base , as well as from MSU's
Space Operations Center in Cobleigh
Hall, said Dave Klumpar, director of
MSU's Space Science and Engineering
Laboratory.
MSU's satelli te rode in a container
with two other satellites, one from the
University of Michigan and one from
Aubu rn University, Klumpar said. All
three satellites are aluminum cubes
weighing no more than 2.2 pou nds and
measuring about four inches per side .
That standardized size allows university-built satellites, called -cucesats." to
fit into an enclosed container called a PPOD . See photo 3.
~ M S U' s SSEL has the unique distinction of being the only university to fly
a CubeSat on both of NASA's Educational Launch of Nanosatellite
(ELa Na) missions ," Klumpar said.
"No other university in the world has
Visit Our Web Site

%U

flown university-built small satellites on two NASA orbital

launches."
Also on the rocket will be a NASA sa tellite that represents
a c ritical first step in building the next generation of U.S. polarorbiting climate and weather monitoring spacecraft. The
satellite is a bridge between NASA's Earth Observing System
sate llites and the upcom ing Joint Polar Satellite Systems
satellites.
Because everything went as planned , MSU's Explorer-1
[Prime) roared into the moming sky on time. Almost two hours
later, after the sun had recharged the satellite's batteries. the
satellite came alive over the south Atlantic near the bulge of
Africa . An antenna that had been coiled inside the cube will
spring out to transmit and receive signals.
The satelli te was designed to emit a "heartbeat" every 15
seconds, Klumpar said. The signal will allow ha m rad io ope rators around the world to detect the satellite and report its
progress to MSU . MSU students wi ll mon itor the satellite from
campus, receiving their strongest signals around 11 :45 AM
and 11 :45 PM daily for at least four months.
The Explorer-t [Prime) will circle the Earth every 90 minutes in an "eccentric" orbit. which means that the orbit will be
elliptical instead of circular. and the distance above Earth will
be anywhere from 283 to 503 miles. Klumpar said.

Explorer-1 [PRIME)
The problem with the rocket carrying the first Explorer-t
[Prime] was that the fa iring -a protective covering that works
like a clamsh ell-failed to fall away. As a resu lt, the rocket
ca rried extra weight and couldn't accelerate fast enough to
reach orbit. Although MSU's satelli te was deployed from the
rocket in space, at an altitude of more than 350 miles, the
_

.cq-amateur-f'adio.com

'P

rocket had not reached sufficient velocity to achieve orbit.

The rocket and all four satellites onboard ultimately crashed
into the Antarctic OCean or southem Pacific OCean .
MSU's satellite was neve r reco vered, but its twin was
already built and schedu led for flig ht . Stude nts in the SSEL
co mmon ly bu ild spa res and ba ckups, Klumpar said.
-wnen we started working on the Explorer-1 [Prime] man y
years ago, it was always the case that we would bu ild a second unit in pa rallel with the first ore.' Klumpar sa id. "It's useful because if the first one had gone into orbit and an anomaly or strange behaviors had come up, we would have been
able to use the twin down here to get a feel for what was
going on there."
In the past six months, the twin has gone through rigorous
testing that "gives us confide nce that it was as good as the
first one," Klumpar said . The curre nt Exp lorer-1 [Prime] has
been in Califo rnia since Aug. 25. It was stored in a clean room
at San Lui s Obispo and double-ba gged with nitrog en to keep
out dust and moisture. The satellite head ed to the Air Force
base on OCt. 15 to be bolted to the rocket.

The Mission
MSU built the Explorer- 1 [Prime) to replicate the scientific
mission of the Explorer-t mission which was launched on
Jan. 3 1, 1958. and de tected the existence of a ba nd of energetic c harged particles held in place by the Earth's magnetic field . Th e band was named the Van Allen Rad iation Belt
after the late James Van Allen, who directed the de sign and
c reation of in struments on Explcrer-t .
Van Allen was head of the physics de partment when
Klumpa r was a master's degree student at the University of
Iowa. Years later. Van Allen spoke at Klumpar's 40th high
January 2012

ca 17

A magazine devoted entirety to the

VHF and UH F coverage you need and
went publiShed as a Quarterfy .

school class reunion , and Klumpar told him about MSU's

project. Van Allen suggested naming the satellite the
Explorer-t [Prime]. He later sent Klumpar some Geiger Tube
rad iation detectors from the Pioneer 10 mission, the first mission to leave the solar system.
One of the detectors rode in the Explorer- t (Prime) satellite last spring to measure the intensity and variability of
the electrons in the Van Allen belts. The intense rad iation in
the belts can damage space-borne objec ts and pose a
danger to astronauts, making it imperative to understand its
variability.
Another tube from Van Allen is in the satellite 's twin. The
sate llite is also carrying solar cells for power, a radio receiver
and transmitter, and a computer system to operate the ent ire
device.
The satelli te project is sponsored by the Montana Space
Grant Consortium based at MSU . More than 125 undergraduate students have wo rked on the Explorer-1 [Prime]
since the summer of 2006.
Dan Schwendtner, KE7SX F, a former SS EL graduate
research assistant and now a maste r's degree student in
mechanical engineering, said that he expected to watch
the upcoming launch from Bozeman. Montana. He made
the vacuum system that tested Explorer-t [Prime) and said
it was the first time that any SSEL satellite had been tested
in an SS EL vacuum system . "lt was important for me, ~
Schwendtner commented. ~ It was part of the culmina tion of
four years of work:
Information for this piece was derived from an article by
Evelyn Boswell, of Montana State University, and is located at
<http://www. spaceref.comlnewsMewpr.html?pid=35029>.

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18

CQ Jan uary 2012

One of two CubeSats launched by the University of Michigan,

the MCubed, is a single CubeSat that has been granted a
non-amateur experimental license by the FCC. It is proposing a V/U transceiver using 9k6 AX25 packet. The mission
objectives for the Michigan Multipurpose Minisatelhte (MCubed) are to capture mid-resolution images of the Earth
from Low Earth Orbit, perform a technology demonstratio n
for a novel new Field Program mable Gale Array (FPG A), and
train the next generation of Aerospace Engineers.
Testing the FPGA on a CubeSat platform w ill provide valuable information as to how it survives Low Earth Orbit and
how well it operates when processing real-image data.
M-Cubed implements a 2-MP CMOS camera that will transfer the image to the FPGA upon request. To acquire the
images on the ground post-processing , MCubed will downlink the images and FPGA data via UHF. To rece ive commands for scheduling picture taking opportunities, M-Cubed
will be listening over VHF.
MCubed is also an educational project for engineering students at the University of Michigan. M-Cubed provides
hands-on experience for students who would not otherwise
have the opportunity to build flight hardware for a space mission. The training these students gain by working on this pro-ject will better prepare them for work in the aerospace industry after graduation .
As a secondary objective , MCubed is implementing storage of RSSI values at various frequencies in its bandwidth.
This means M-Cubed can provide an RFI survey inside its
band during mission operations . Additionally, M-Cubed is
investigating the possibility of allowing open downlink of collected images in the ama teur community.
Because of the strict power requirements and longer downlink times (images - MB and downlink rate 9.6 kbps), this may
VIsit Our Web S ite

not be feasible, particularly not during

operation of the FPGA. However. it is still
under consideration as a secondary
objective. This information can be provided to the IARU upon successful completion of M-Cubed's primary objective
and this survey.
When not taking ima ges or downlinking pictures, M- Cubed will be beaconing telemetry over UHF at specified
intervals. This will be so that th e
University of Michigan and other ope rators in the AMSAT community can he lp
track M-Cubed on orbit.
Information for this piece was derived
from the AMSAT piece at th is URL:
<h tt p://w ww .a msa t .org/a m sa t- ne w/
satellites/satl nfo.php1sat I0= 142&retU
RL=lsatelliteslstatus.php>. More information on th is CubeSat can be found
at: <http://www.umcubed.org/> .
WHAT IS THE BUDDIPDLE?

Radio Aurora Explorer (RA X-2)

RAX-2 is the second CubeSat of the
Radio Auro ra Expl orer program. The
first RAX CubeSat was launched via the
Depa rtment of Defense Space Test
Program aboard a Minotaur-4 vehicle
from Kodiak, Alaska, on November 20.

The Buddipo le'" Porta ble Dipole fit s in your travel

bag and assembles in min ute s. The Buddipole is more
th an a n a nt e nna , it's a vers at ile system fo r launch ing
your si gnal. Optimized for transmit power and proven
for OX work, the Buddipole is the secret we apo n use d
by HF porta ble operators all over the world.

2010a101 :25 UTe.

The primary objective for the RAX mission ls to study the 'ormation of fieldaligned irregularities (FAI) in the lower
portion of the po lar ionosphere. To characterize these anomalies, a groundbased radar transmitter will be used in
conjunction with the space-based receiver onboard RAX to measure FAI
intensity , altitude distribution, and degree of alignment to the magnetic field.
This ground-based radar (called the
Poker Flats Incoherent Scatter Radar,
or PFISR) will tran smit RF pulses into
the ionosphere to be scattered off the
FAI structures. See photo 4. The
received signal magnitude and phase
will be recorded, processed, and downloaded for analysis by the mission science teams. This process will repeat
daily for approximately one year of science operations.
In addition to studying FAI, the secondary objective is to use the wide-band
science receiver to characterize ambien t RF emission levels in the 430-434
MHz and 437-438 MHz po rtions of the
UHF band as a function of position and
time over the United States . This information will be of particular benefit to
Amateur Satellite Service coordinators
who are charged with coordinating treouenctes for the numerous amateur
spacecraft operating in Low Earth Orbit.
Because of the large ground-eoverage area, th is information can also be
beneficial to terrestrial coordinators .
www.cq-a mateur-radlo.com

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Identifying portions of the band with
excessive RF noise will help coordmators assign frequencies clear of pctentially harmful interference within the
Amateur Radio Service .
These measurements will be made at
the conclusion of the primary miss ion
with potential to be conducted during
breaks in primary mission operations.
As with all d ata collected during this
mission (including telem etry and mis sion sc ience results) , the mea surements will be published and easily
accessed by the amateur radio commun ity at large on the web at
<hftp:l/ rax.engin.umich.edul>. RAX2 is
3U CubeSat with a coordinated downlink on 437.345 MHz. Also planned for
the mission is a spread spectrum transceiver in the 2.4 -GHz band.
The objective of the RAX mission is
to understand the microphysic s that

lead to the formation of magnetic field aligned plasma irregularities (FA I), an
anomaly known to disrupt communications with orbiting spacecraft.
The RAX mission is specifically designed to remotely measure, with ex tremely high angular resolution, the 3-D
k-spectrum (spatial Founer transtorm) of
- 1 m scale FAI as a funct ion of altitude,
in pa rticular measuring the magnetic
field alignment of the irregularities.
The RAX mission will use a network
of existi ng ground radars that will scatter signals off the FAI to be measured
by a receiver on the RAX spacecraft.
The spacecraft will mea sure "radio
aurora," or the Bragg scanering from
FAI that are illuminated with a narrow
beam incoherent scatter radar (ISR) on
the ground. This remote sensing
method is based on the powerful mathematical relation that the radio aurora
Jan uary 20 12 .

CO

19

Photo 4- Incoherent sca tter radar at Poker Flats Research Range (PFtSR) during high auroral activity. (Photo courtesy
the University of Michigan)
intensity is proportional to the irregularity k-spectrum evalu ated at the Bragg wave number.
The proposed ground-to-space bistanc radar experiment
highly resolves the k-spectrum, which means that the sensed
volume of p lasma is homogeneous and that the received signal contains a pure content of wave vectors, which are important for accurate analysis of wave growth and damping .
Moreover, each experiment will be tagged with the convection electric field Ec , a principal driver of the irregularities,
which will be measured (besides altitude profiles of plasma
density and temperatures) by the ISR immediately before and
after each experiment.
T he RA X m issio n is a unique opportunity to qua ntity plasma processes in a homogeneously resolved volume of plasma with th e driving fo rce and the effect measured effectively simultaneously .
The University of Michigan princ ipal investigator is Prof essor
Jam es Cutle r, KF6 RFX. Payload Softwa re and Comm unications is being hand led by Ky le Leveque , KG6TXT.
Info rma tion for this p iece w as derived fro m the following :
<http://ww w. a m sat. o rg/a m sat-new/ sa le llil e s/satl nfo. php?
sat10=1 41 & retURL=lsatelliteslstatus .php> and <http://rax .
engin .umich .edul?page_ id= 13>. The RAX m ission website is:
<http :// rax.sri.comlindex.htm l>. More intormanon on the m ission and experiments can be found at this URL: <http://rax.
engin .umich .edu/> . A home v ideo of the launch can be
seen here: <http://www.youtube.comIwatch?feature=playec
embedded&v=IYLnI4xrTQA>.

AubieSat1 Gets OSCAR Designator

satellite community. On behalf of AMSATNA and the world's amateur radio satellite community, I congratulate Professor Wersinger,
Auburn University and all of thOse responsible for building, testing
and launching this new CubeSaI. May its mission meet with soccess."

AMSAT News Service

Runs OSCAR 1 Announcement
Fo r the past couple of months the AMSAT News Service has
been re-running the Project OSCA R Newsletters to commemorate the 50th a nniversary of OSCAR 1. Fo r details,
see:<h ttp://www.amsat.orglamsat- new/newsl>.

Current Contest
The AR RL VH F Sweepsta kes is scheduled fo r the weekend
of January 2 1-23. For AR RL contest rules , see th e issue of
QST prio r 10 the month o f the contest o r: <htt p ://ww w .
arrl.orq>.

Current Meteor Shower

The Quadrantids, or Quads, is a brief, but very active meteor
shower. The expected peak is a round 0720 UTC on 4 January,
with approximately 120 meteors per hour at its peaks. The
actual peak can occur three hours before or after the predicted peak. The best paths are north-south. Long-duratian meteors can be expected about one hour after the predicted peak.
For more intormation on the above meteor shower predictions see Tom as Hood, NW7US's "Propaqanon" column elsewhere in this issue. Also v isit the Internatio nal Meteor
O rganization's website: <hnp :llwww-imo.neb .

The following is from the AMSAT News Service:

OSCAR Number Administrator Bill Tynan, W3XOreports that he has
advised J. M. Wersinger. PhD, KI4YAU, Professor Emeritus and
Director of Auburn University's Student Space Program, that following
the successful NASA ELaNa III launch on OCtober 28, 2011 of
AubieSat1, and by the request of the AubieSat1 team, the new satellite has been assigned an OSCAR number.
Professor Wersinger documented that telemetry has been
received from the satellite. The IARU-Sat Website states that
AubieSat-1 was fully coordinated with the IARU.
Bill wrote,"Therefore, by the authority vested in me by the AMSATNA President, I hereby designate AubieSal-1 as AubieSat Oscar 71
or AO-71 and welcome this newest OSCAR into the Amateur Radio

20. ca

January 2012

And Finally .
Driv ing these CubeSats' development a re ma ny , many
students-stu dents from four d ifferent univers ities who have
bee n inspired by peers and me ntors to build and do great
things. T hese students are among the future of amate ur
radi o . It is a privilege 10 be able to report o n their work in this
co lum n.
If you kn ow of students who are making a d ifference in our
wonderful hobby , please send their info rmatio n to me at:
<n6cl@sbcgloba l.net> .
Until next month .. ,
73 de Joe, N6C L
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Results of the 2011 CQ

WW WPX SSB Contest
BY RANDY THOMPSON: KSZO

here were you when the clock licked past OOOOZ on March
26, 2011? Sitting in California freeway traffic at 4 PM on a

Friday afternoon ? Taking an afternoon walk at 1 PM 00

Saturday in New Zealand? Perhaps you were waking up from a precontest nap et 2 AM in Moscow? Or enjoying a coot evening at 9
PM in Argent ina? Or finishing brea kfast at 9 AM in Japan? A global OX competition doesn't wait until you are ready 10 go. It starts,
For thousands of contesters around the wo rld, the start of the 53 rd
CO WW W PX SS B Contest wa s just what they were wailing for.
The clock ticked over and the bands filled with activity and excitement. Thou sands of voices strained to be heard. Fo r those at the
rece iving end 01 a pile-up the experience was exhilarating . For oth
ers, it was all about the thrill of discovering what the next tum 01the
dial would deliver. K8T E captured his experience this way: "Nice to
hear so many stations! Q RM is good!"
The band that generated the most excitement was 15 meters.
Propagation was incredible with openings in what seemed like every
direction. long path, short path, or over the pole. many entrants
noted that these were the besl conclitions they had ever experienced
on the band. The scoring record for the single band 15 meter categoryfell at the World (CN2R). Asia (JAGGCE), Europe (CS2C), North
America (VP2EH). and USA (K0 2M11) levels.
When the 48 hours was over. the bands suddenly seemed empty.
Satisfied operators sat back in their chairs. rubbed their tired ears.
and sighed with conten tment. KOJDD was happy: "First time to reach
l -million points.- KG6DX exclaimed. "'WOW, great conditions on 15.
... M y first time ever brea king 1000 prefixes." AF20 showed why the
con tes t acn vity keeps growing each year: "This was m y first CO
WPX Contest and I ca n't wai t for the next one: A record 5,143 logs
we re submitted showing contes t act ivity from 208 countries!
One thing that makes the CO WPX Contest so interesting is the
use of canstqn prefixes as multipliers. The gang at DR 1A logged
1909 prefixes to increase thei r record count lrom ju st a year ago by
almost200! An amazing 2 17 entries exceeded 1000 prefixes after
log checking . The lop single operator prefix collector was CN2R,
who worked 1443 prefi xes (another record) and did it all on-where
else?-15 meters! Each year it seems there are more and more
interesting prefixes, both from the issuance 01 new callsign blocks
as well as imaginative calls celebrating v arious ev ents. Special
thanks to those stations who provided some of the more interesting
prefix multipliers: 3V1A, 4 X2(]HC, B01 0 0 , BV 10 0 , DK 150AB,
DA15ZBAY . HG2(]11N , 190AA, LZl33GO, LZ137(]P AT, OH10X,
AllANC. 5520SCC, S520Sl0. TC3C, TM72C, TM90lH. TOllA,
V051V, YM7KA, and Zl5OGH.

Single-Operator All Band

Returning to the top spot in the Single Operator All Band High Power
ca tegory was Tom, W2SC, operating from 8P5A in Barbados. Tom
expressed some frustration tha t the great conditions resulted in more
multipliers. but not in a higher score than in 20 10. Eve ry continent
except Africa was represented in the top 10 . Jeff . K1ZM. pushed
VY2ZM to world #2. The next three places were all close, with KH7X
(op Mike , KH 6ND) ju st beating the Oceania record to take third .
Braco, E7DX , destroyed the Europe an record by more than 25% .
In only his th ird single op SSB contes t and first in f v e years, John,
W6lD , operated P40 l from Aruba to fifth place and set a new record
for South America . The test score from Asia was made by Ana toly ,
e -mail: <k.5zd@cqwpx.com>

22 co

J anua ry 20 12

Bill. W80ZA. looks vel)' pleased with his world high score in the
ORP category operating from TJ5N. (Photo by TI5KD)

AC90, just ahead of Vladimir. UN9LW , at UPOl. Anatoly missed

breaking the Asia record by less th an 1%.
Krassy, K 1LZ, ran away with the top USA score for Single Op All
Band. Paul. K8PO, once again operating as AJ1 1, finished second.
Mitch, K7Rl , borrowed the callsign KW7Y and made an incredible
effort from the Pacific No rthwest to finish third . NNSJ (op Kevin,
NSDX) and George. N A5M, had a fierce light for WA TC qualifying
points that ended in a virtual tie.
The most popular category in the contest is Single Op All Band
Low Power. this time with 1508 logs submitted. Just as we saw in
high power, there was no place like Barbados. Yuri, V E3DZ, stayed
away from the beach long enough to pilot BP3A to the top spot and
a new North American record for the category. The top Africa score
was by Ashraf, 3VSSS, from Tunisia. Daniel, lW6DG, finished in
fourth place and set a new country record for Argentina . The
European battle wa s won by Mltrut, Y03CZW, fin ishing ahead of
Tine. S50A. Top Asia score went to the nifty ca llsign of H22H, operated by Spyros, 5B4MF.
Ed, N 1UR, masquerading as NV1N , achieved a personal best
score and dominated the USA low power entries with o ver 4-million
points. The real race was for second place, with Ayan, KZ90. tinishing just a few points ahead of Terry. N 4TZ, the op at KS9K. Ayan
was originally planning to operate from WOAI H, but a snow storm
cancelled the trip . He did a great job from his home station instead .
Doug , WB8Tll . and Guy, N7ZG , put up a spirited fight for fourth.

Single-Operator Single Band

J im, W7EJ. continued his effo rt to write CN2 A inlo the world records
one year and one band at a tim e. This year the target was 15 meters.
J im now owns the all band record plus each of the single band
records from 160 meters 10 15 meters. Wonder wh ich band he will
operate ne xt? J im also ended the five year run of 15 meter single
band v lctones by Sergio, PPSJA . Sergio, operating his con tes t call
Visit Our Web Site

TROPHY WINNERS AND DONORS

SINGLE OPERATOR ALL B AND
WORLD: Stanley Cohen , W800Q Trophy. Won by: 8P5A ~Ied by Torn
W2SC
WORLD Low Poww: Caribbean Conleslng Cansonium Trophy. Won by: 8P3A 0JMf-'" by Yurl Onipko. VlE30l
WORLD ORP ; PtliI KrlchtNlum . HOK E Trophy . Won by: TISN opMaled by Bill P k.... W80ZA

e.-gen..

US A: AliIano de 0mlJ. PVSEG Trophy . Won by: K,...imir Pelkol/, K1LZ

USA Low Pow.r; Terry Zivney. No4TZ Trophy. Won by: NV1N openIted by Edward Sawyer, N1UR
USA ORP: 0Dug Zwiebel. KR20 Trophy. Won by: Randy Sh irbroun. NDeC
USA zone 4 Hlgh~: SOCiely of MIdWest Cootesl8fS Trophy. Woo by: NNSJ operMed by 1<"1" STockton,

.""

USA Zone" Low Po , . SoaeIyol ModI,sat~ Trophy . Woo by: Ryan M. K.......O$kt, K290
USA zone 3 High " -: LaurI "MK' 1ottCrMty. KG1C Trqlhy. Won by: KW7Y opelllt.d by Mltctl Mnon, K7RL
USA Zone 3 Low~: Buz AM
, K2GL MSlTI(ll illl Trophy , Won by: Guy Molil\llri, N1ZG

Haft.,

EUROPE High ' " -: Jim

N5fA Trophy_Won by E7DX oper8ted by Emir Memlc, lEnox
EUROPE Low POAl, . Ed Sll"'V"'. N1 URTrophy. Wonby': Mitn,rt ~ Y03CZW

EUROPE ORP: Rldl

wa.r.. VE9HF Tnlphy . Won by F,."k Pllulu.-Rieth, OULR

AFRICA: ~ Spf.~. PV5CC Trq;Jhy. Won by ST2AR 098f8ted by RobotrI KMca. SS3R
ASIA: 0.. Terlclil. N I XS Trophy . WOrt by A...-to/)' PolnIk, RC90
NORTH AMERICA: Abtt Ctwpo, f5VHJ Trophy_Won by lOSA Opei;""'''led~ by Albert Crnpo, FSVH.!
NORTH AMERICA OAP: PhI Kril:I'mum. H0t'::E Trophy . Woo IJof: no entry
OCEANIA, ~ Ftal*. K6ZM M'
Trophy. Woo IJof: KHTX opMa1" by "ichMl GitMon"KH6NO
SOUTH ..... EAte..., Atwhw FSiber. AE6V Trophy Won IJof: p.eL opei ated by JOHN .... FORE, W6LO

"0.

CAN"'D'" High Po ' I . Todd &eiidlMn, VESM)( Trophy. Won IJof: VY2ZM operMlSd by Jeftrwy T. 8tIgga, K1Z1il
C"'NAD'" Low Po. ar . ConIatl: Clutl 0nIan0 Trophy . Won IJof: S,--, G<l*J:-g. VA3SWG
J"'P"'N, HIwnad An-U. 9I<2HN Trophy . Won IJof: ... kinI ..inagawa, J...BJH'"
SINGLE OftER...TOR. SINGLE 8 ...ND
WORLD, Slaw Uan::harC. K6AW Trophy . Won by. CN2R opel ated by " ' - ' P SulllYen. WTEJ
WORlD 2t "ttl:: Jorge T.oo.da. EA9l.Z Trophy . Won IJof: Juan....-.ual Yew .octi. LU1HF
WORLD 21 ..ttl: : Stueort
KCl F MemDlISI (W3UM'lA3AA spolSOf) Trophy. Woo IJof: VP2EH
operated by Godo.. Fogg. NSAU
WORLD 1. "ttl:: Jotga Tfhwta EA9L.l Trophy . Won IJof: P.,;Iro
Orweo. HK1X
WORLD 7 ..ttl: : Jorva TaboMe . EA9L.l Trophy . Won by. Salim Gachem. HK1T
WORLD 7"ttI: Low Po NMI c.l~ K3NC Trophy. Won IJof: Valeri Keller. Ol.2VK
WORLD 3.7 MHz: DeC ConIeel T..,., Trophy . Won by. ,A.ey opei ated by SaN Pokoml. 'A3l.G
WORLD 1.1 MttI:: UAl Cconl... Clutl Trophy . Won by Fabio Piccinini, I4FYF

s....,_'"

as-

2t "ttl:: MaunoI ~8Cll ne , H4L.Z Trophy. Won by. KZ5MM opaBtad by Chuck Dietz. WSPA
USA 21 MHz: Maurice Sc::hietllCllne. H4L.Z Trophy. Won by Robert L Shohat, KQ2M/1
USA

USA l ' MHz: Ch,"ies WOOlen. NF

Ti'Ofll'ly. Won by: John Savn-. KK9A14
USA 7 "ttl:: V,nlu" CIippar Cont
Clutl Ti'Ofll'ly. Won by: WU3Af1 operatlSCl by Eugene SNbIygln. W3U'"
US... 3.7 MHz: 8ernIe Welch , W8lMZ Memol ial (WB8MRU &pOI'IllOl') Trophy . Won by. St _ SU......n, MBGN
EUROPE 2a MHz High P-= SKY Con.... Clutl Trophy. Won by. CR2T oplIf8Ied by Ed u.rdo M. F. S.
Maen.do. CU2"'F
EU ROPE 21 MHz High Power, SKY Con t... Club Trophy. Won by: CS2C operated b y Jirl Pn ta, OK1R F
EUROPE 1. MHz High Power: SKY Con tes! Club Trophy . Won by: Slgurd ur Jakob$aon. TF3CW
EUROPE 7 MHz High ~r: SKY Contes! Club Truphy. WQrI by: EI7M Oparllted by Om itriJ P....lov, Ei3J Z
EUROPE 3.7 MHz Hlgh ~: SKY Contest Club Trophy. WQrI by: 9"'8M operated b y iiO" Ov<: ln , ' ...70M
EUROPE 1.a MHz High Po _ r: SKY Cont.st Club Trophy . WQrI by: OG6A operated by Jukka Klamola, OH8li

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SiNGLE OPE RATOR ...SSISTED

WORLD: EmirBrltC(l Memic, OE 1EMS Trophy. Won by, ER"" op8l",tlSCl by Sefgey Rebl"ov. UTSUDX
USA : "'labama Con tesl Group Trophy . WQrI by: Rick Davenport. KI1G
EUROP E: Martin Huml. Cl5 Y Trophy. Won by: U71 op8fetlSCl by Philippe Lutty. DF1LON
OVERLAY CATEGORIES
WORLD Trlb,nderfSlnll l..Element: Helmul Mueller. OF7ZS Troptly . Won by, 3V8SS Ope rel ed by A ah,,1
Chubsne , KFSEYY
US'" Trlbsn6arfSlngIe-E........t: P,ul Newberry . N4PN Trophy . WQrI by : KR'Z Ope"led by Paul H. N4Jwberry.
Jr N'PN
USA TrlbsndeffS lng le-EIement Low~: AI Josz,. KG 1E Trophy. WQrI by: Jera Connan. KTU B
Europe Trlbsn6arfSln g...E........t : Roger Minef, Kl00V Trophy. Won by: E7. HH opar.-1Sd by Vltomlr Kregar

....

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WORLD Rook" : V,I Edwan:ls W8K IC Memol iel (K31.Fl sponsor) Trophy. WQrI by: "'bdlilla Farm,wl, JYSCC
U ULTJ.OPER"'TOR. SING LETR...NSMmER
WORLD, leMen Contes! Club Trophy . WQrI by: 3V 1'" operated by YTUO, YT3M. YT3W, S5&'"
US...: St_ Botie. N88JQ Trophy. WQrI by: ...K1W opera!1Sd by K5Z0. W1W
...FRIC"', Rhein Flutv OX AMOCiation Truphy . WQrI by: 6VTD operated by U...ISC. U"'ISE. U"'I SW. RZ8SR
W2f,A IG llsmorlal (NX1TT Spollaor) Trophy . WQrI by P33W operated by S84 ...IE. R"'6lB5, RA3...UU
EUROPE: Tonno Vahk. ESSTV Trophy Woo by 11oI6M opera!1Sd by F l ...KK . F.OXW. FaOBF

"'SI"':

_~" UL Tl-OPER...TOR. TWO-TR...NSIoIfTnR

WORLD: Ken Adams. K5KA "'* 'OOI W1! Trophy. Won by: EB8"'H operaled by EA SOY. EA5DFV. OHllRX. EASZS.

ORDERS ONLY:

800RFI'ARTS 8007372787
s . H,bl, Espanol

We

Expo n

TE" ,U.. II IIRMRY 1000: 760744-l17DD

E.......H.EAIC...C
USA : Florida Contest ~ Trophy Won by: KD4OI3 opera!1Sd by ...C6Wl, W2COO. K3RA. KOSO. WB2ZAB

"'FRIC"' , Ws/Ier $lo:.udII..... OJ6OT Trophy . Won IJof: 50S... opeI'led by N6KT. 1K2$GC. IK20EI
EUROPE: Bernd Och. Dt.6F8t. Trophy. Won IJof: OU'" opeIaled by OK1FFU, OK1Ri. OKaww. OtIlSAW.

"""'.

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UULTJ.OPER'" TOR. MUL TRANSWTTR

WORLD: Gsil Shee/'wl, K.2REO Trophy . won IJof: ORl'" opeIated by OB6.Ki. DF6JC. 0J7f.0. OK8U.
DL1QQ , OUBPC. DL3OXX. Ol.6FBL. OUOYl., Ol.IWPX. J K3G"'O, PeS.... SY2KBS
USA: DaIa Hoppa. K6UA
Trophy. Won by: WX38 oparstad by WX38, NlIfYN. KB3C$, NV:JA. N3YIM.
KUn. N3VQP. N3WZA. N3"'FT.KC3VO , KlAtt. KA3fTJ. N3S8
EUROPE: Flock 00lq>atIy. NOSI Trophy Won by: OTSA opei ated by Amo. OF3TJ. Oorien. M Than" OH1GL.
ON3...E.. ON3"'GM. OH3HG. QH4",OO. ONe"'EO. ONeAlO. ONe....... ON4AQC, ON4ASB. ONe"'WU ,
ON4CCL. ONSCCM. 0N4CDE. ON4CJ1(. OfoKGW. 0N4..IZ. ONeRI(. QH4XB. ONS"'E" ONSCO. ONSC'",
ON5OT. ONSPYH. ONSUE, ONSUM. 0N6l.1(. QH6lUQ. ON6MR. ON6PU. ON6SX. OH6UU. QN6YVY ,
ON7BR .... QN7JU. ON7NB. ON7SU. CN7USB. OHSMT. ON8T1(. 0HaU", ON9CC. P...1BX. nmon

".rnor.

CONTEST EXPEOlTlON_._ ....

WORLD: C6APFt M s ,...... (PT7ZZ ..........1 Trophy . Won IJof: 302... opel aled by QZ1IKV. VK....N

www.cq-8m8teur-r8dlo.com

January 2012 CO

23

Anibal, HK3ARR, entered the WPX Contest for the first time and finished second in the world in 20 meters ORP,
The solar raorauon that made 15 meters
so exciting also enhanced 10 meters. The
number of 10 meter asos logged showed
an increase 01 more than 100% ove r the total
reported in 20 10! The top six 10 meter
scores in the world came from South
America-taking lu ll advantage of the northsouth propagation into Europe and North

ZXSJ , ended up th ird be hind a North

American record score from VP2EH , operated by Gordon, N5A U. Bob , K02M, and
CS2T (operated by Jiri , OK 1RF) both set
new records in their chase for fooM place
overall. Special congratulations to Nooco.
JA6GCE, who broke the Asia record that has
stood since 1992!

WORLO TOP SCORES

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Ame rica. Juan, LU 1HF, retu rned 10 his usual

place at the top 01 the 10 meter scores.
AY5 F, operated by Jesus, LU5FC, finished
second just ahead of last year's w inner,
Walter, PPSWG , operating as PWSG. The
top European score was from CR2T in the
Azores, operated by Eduardo , CU2AF, Ten
meter specialist Chuck. WSPR . operating as

lP3l (JI/I4l)

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KZ5MM, gene rated the top USA score.

Chuck worked a number of Europeans during openings on both days. Don't forget to
check 10 meters in 2012!
Wh ile the improved conclitions on the high
bands helped spread the load, 20 meters
was st ill packed with activ ity and C RM .
Finishing with the second highest 20 meter
sing le band score ever. and a new South
America record. was Ped ro, HK1 X, opeeating Irom the up-and-coming Jumanji larm
stat ion. The old record wasfrom 1995! Three
Europeans battled it out for second place.
with Siggi, TF3CW, pulling ahead on the
strength of a 1Q-hour run Saturday on the
prime freq ue ncy of 14.1 54 MHz. Kim,
OH6KZP, pushed O H4A to thi rd place ove r
Goran, S55OO, at S55T. Kim moved up in
the log chec king on the ben efit of a very
accurate log .
The top USA sco re on 20 meters was a
rea l horse race between John, KK9A, in
North Carolina , and Dan , W7WA, in
Washington . It was a classic East Coast vs.
West Coast ma tch up , with Dan having more
asOs and multipliers, but John winning on
the basis of more OX contacts. Joh n celebrated his birthday on Sunday of the contest
by not leaving his operating chair once during the last seven hours.
The 40 meter Single Band category
offered some of the best compelltion and
some of the most difficun C RM of the week-

m..

....d~ .. "<

Alexei. VE2XAA. finished as World high score for Single Op Assisted Low Power. Alexei
became a Silent Key in August. never knowing of his vietof}'.
end. It see ms the entire world was packed
into 71 25 to 7200. Whatever happened to
working split?
Sal, HK1T. operating from the Jumanji
farm superstation, look first place on 40
meters and broke the South America record
set by ZX9A back in 1997. Close behind was
Omitrij, EI3JZ, operating lrom EI7M . The new
record score lor Europe goes well with the

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one EI7M set on 75 meters last year. Steve ,

GW4BlE, using the special callsign MW5A,
and Ousan, YU1EA, ope rating from YT8A,
had excellent scores to also beat the olel
European record . Facing line noise and tarnity scheduling issues. Gene, W3UA, decided
to give 40 meters a try. The resun was a new
USA record for the callsign WU3N1 .
The competition on 75 meters was a

EUROPE TOP SCORES

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three-way race between a European and

two Asians. The winner was special call
9A40Y operated by Sasa , 9A3LG , Close
behind was H2T (Paris, 5B4XF op) and
Levan, 4l4CC. Sasa was able 10 overcome
the points per eso disadvantage by working more contacts and almost 200 more multipliers than the other two . Alfredo, WP3C,
had an excellent score to finish lourth.
Perennial 75 meter entrant Steve, W3BGN ,
returned to the top spot lor the USA.
With the high bands rocking, the diehard
160 meter operators did the best with what
activity they could find. Fabio , 14FYF,
d aimed the wor1d trophy. Yuri, K3BU, dealt
with line noise and ORN to take the top USA
spot as NT 1EIB. OG6A and LY20U banled
it out lor third with kJgging accuracy mak ing
the difference.

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KP2INE1RD summed up the magic this way :
~ I hope I never get so old or jaded that I stop
feeling the wonder of working somebody
ha lfway around the world with the power
equivalent of a night light!" The world high
ORP score was from TI5N with Bill, W80ZA,
at the controls. Bill moved up from third place
last year. Second place went to Randy,
NDOC. This is Randy's second consecutive
USA win in the ORP all band category.
Frank, DLBLR, took the top European spot
ahead of And rzej. SP2DNI.
Scott. NE1RD, once again packed his

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I remember w hen you looked at me like that.

28 co

January 2012

Wellknown German contester DL3TD trag ica lty died in a fire at his home onty weeks
after the contest. Lothar finished his last
contest as #8 in the World for Single Op
Assisted All Band High Po wer.

suitca se station off to KP2 for the contest

and finished first on 10 meters. Rob, NH6V,
borrowed the KH6LC station to win 15
meters and se t a new Oceania record.
Tadeusz, SP4G FG, made a very nice effort
on 40 meters. GUlyas, HA6IAM, used the call
HG6C to win on 75 meters.

Sing le-Operator Assisted

The Assisted All Band High Power category has become supe r competitive with live
continen ts represented in the world top 10.
The winner, with a big lead, was Sergey,
UT5UDX , ope rating from ER4A. Felipe,
NP4Z, used his KP3Z club causiqn to finish
in second place and set a new North
American record score . The next three
scores were very close. Yuri, RG9A, took
third place just ahead of Philippe, DF1LON ,
operating from LX7!. Rick, KI 1G, had the lop
USA score and almost doubled the existing
USA record. ZX2B operated by Wanderfy,
PY2MNL, put South America in the top 10.
Sadly, seventh place finisher Lomar.
DL3TD, died tragically in a fire at his home
just a few weeks after the contest. His enthusiasm and passion for contesting was well
known and will be missed.
The All Band Low Power category was
equally competitive, with AJexey, VE2XAA,
taking the victory. Alexey became a Silent
Key in August. Less than 7000 points separated the next two entries in a race between
Hungarian club stations. Karoly, HA4XH ,
operated from HA3DX, the club station of
Paks Nuclear Power Plant, while Istvan,
HA3MY. used the Mecsek Radio Klub station HG3A. Karoly moved ahead after the log
checking and now owns the European record

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lor the category. Alexey, AV9UP. beat Yuri,

RT9S, to sel a new record score for Asia . Top
USA score went to Jere, KT4 ZB.

Overlay Categories
The CO WPX Contest has two overlay cat egories which act as separate contests within the contest. The Rookie overlay category
is for operators who have been licensed for
less than three years at the time of the contest. There were 182 entries th is year. In his
last year of eligibility. Al:xialla . JYSCC, won
in dramatic fashion w ith the highest score in
the history of the Rookie category. Second
place was a race between Robert. KD8MJR,
at6Y 1X and Vladimir, RN3DNM, operating

UD3D . Both of them provided welcome mult ipliers and demonstrated they are fast
learners. Another remarkable score was
submitted by 15-year-old Sassi. Zl2GO.
who made over 1-mitlion points on 15 meters
single band. The top USA Rookie score was
made by Jeff. NR7E.
The Tribander/Single-Element (lBSE)
overlay category allows stations with similar
equipment to compa re and compe te w ith
one another. The popularity 01 TBSE keeps
growing. with 764 entries this year. Robert,
ST2AR. overcame receive problems due to
a sticky relay in his transceiver and still dominated the category. Being in a rare country
wit h di rect propagation to Europe has its
advantages! The second highest ove rall

co WW WPX SSB CONTEST

ALL-TIME RECORDS
The conlest is held eacn yea r on the last l ull weekend 01 March. The All-Time Records Will be updaled and
published annually . Data following fhe calls: ytIaf 01operation. fotal score. and number 01prefix

WORLD RECORD HOLDERS

Single Operator
1,8
CN2R('07)
1.613.955
3 .5
CN2R('06)
11.849.076
1.0
CN2RfOS)
14.124.696
15.778.840
14
CN2R(08)
20.104.164
21
CN2R('11)
28
044AC('02) ... 15.101.401
AS
CN2Rf l0)
27.059.084
HC8A(94)
7 ,520.562
QRPIp
Assisted C03l. (1 0) ............ 17 .419.764

399
894
931
1199
1443
1123
1373
114
1206

Single Tranamitlltf
505A('1 0) .............................36,669.952 1532

U.S.A, RECORD HOLDERS

Singla Operalor
r.a
K1 ZM('95)
327.712
3 .5
K1UO('10)
2. 161.782
1.0
WU3All(11 )
4.731.424
KQ2M('09)
7.034.082
14
K02MIl f1 1)
9 .591.670
21
28
NY4A('OO)
6 .006.573
AS
KllZ(11 )
15.921.388
ORpp
KR2O('OI))
2.688.158
Assisted K11 G('11 )
13.075.616
AK1Wfl1 )

Multt-Opet"alor Two Tranamitlltf

68.0n.520
66.0n.858

an

1246
649
1268

16.567.248

1343

Mult).Qpenllor Two Tranamitlet"

1165

KllZfTO)

1665

Muhi-Operll1or Mutl!-Tranamitlet"
KM3Tf OO)
29.338.460 1355

Mutli-Openrtor Multi--Tranamitlltf
EA.8AH f l0)

308
602
796
1082
1210

Multi-Opoffiltor Single Transmitter

"ult~alor

EB8AH(11 )

multipl~r$.

30.393.480

1560

WPX (Prefi X) RECORD

QRPp RECORD
HCSA(94 )

OR1 A(11 )

7,520.562

1909

CONTINENTAL RECORD HOLDERS

1.'
3.'
70
14
21
28

AB

AFRICA
CN2R("07j ................. 1.613.955
CN2R("06) ............... 11,849.076
CN2R("OS) ............... 14 ,724.696
CN2R("08) ............... 15,776.840
CN2R('11) ...............20,704.164
D44AC('02) ............. 15.707.401
CN2R('10) ...............27.059.084

399
89'
93'
11 99
.443

14
21
28
AS
lB

3.
70
14
21
28

AB

'Y MlJT("OS) ......... .........486.846

H2Tf1 0) ....................3 .067296
5BlKC2TIZfl0) .........6 .761.812
P33W('1 0 ).................8 .004.130
JA6GCE( 11).............7.055.664
H22H("OO) .................9 .092.146
584"'1('09) .._........... 17.320.n 1
EUROPE
SN3R('07} ....................835,884
EI7Mfl 0) ..................3.527.075
EI1M('1 1) ................ 10.787.690
TM77M(10) ..............8271 .768
CS2Cf1 1) ..... ............ 9.479.~
GM7V('OO) ................8.305,756
E7DX(11 ) ...............2O.438,120

2B
AB

NORTH AMERICA
VA1 A('99) ....................535.225
ZF l A('08)................. ,2,2ti9. 344
TI4CF("OS) .................8 .057.479
KP2A('95) .................7 ,088,976
VP2 EH("11) ............. 14.899.185
KP2A('OO) ............... 11,385,710
8 P5A('10) ................24.245.732

1.'
3'

OCEANIA
KH6ND('07) ...................2ti.432
WH7Z("OO) ................ 1.208.900

lB

3.
7.0
14
21

32 co

January 2012

ZL3A('OS)
KH6ND( 03)
AH70X('OO)
TX DOX ('OO)
KH7X('1 1)

a.200.800
6.493.72 7
7.645.990
12,049 ,422
20.676.524

a 16
887
890
847
1244

1.8
3 .5
7.0
14
21
28
AS

SOUTH AMERICA
HK1KYR('10)
44.814
P4lJA('96)
1.715.076
HK1T('11)
1' .997.'04
HK 1X("11 )
13.783.532
ZX5J('10)
16.740.9n
ZX5J(99)
14.405.820
HC8A(01 )
2S.'80,'99

77
426
952
1259
1369
1095
1199

1123

1373

A51A
1.B
3.
7.0

7 .0
14
21
28
AS

222

534

...

754

rcoc
93.

.093
434

73.
.054
' 046
1245
982

.322
271

. 62
751
912
. 305

'04'

1358
59
308

MULTl-OPERATOR SINGLE TRANSUmeR

AF
S05A('10)
36.669.952 1532
AS
5Bo'~)
.28.966.272 1252
EU
TM6M('11 )
.28.016.921 1541
NA
VP2EC{"92)
24.409.580 1115
ac
T33RD(99)
17.778.312
998
HC8A("93)
32.502.6n
1107
SA
MULTl-OPERATOR TWO TRANSMmER
AF
EB8AH(, 1)
,68.012.520 1765
A61A.J('04 )
3O.157.650 1255
AS
33.393,180 1590
EU
OL4A(10)
K1LZ('10)
30.393.480 15660
NA
OC
VK4KWfl 1)
26.528,482 1369
52.450.389 1497
SA
HC8GR(' 10j
MU LTI-OPE RATOR MULTI-TRANSMITTER
66,On.858 1665
AF
EB8AH('1 0)
P3A('OO )
53.554.592 1456
AS
EU
DR1A("11 )
6J.397.890 1909
NA
WL7E("OOj
42.013.215 1395
KH7R('02 )
32.806.032 1304
OC
SA
HCSN('03j
60.703.452 1476

score was by Will , N8BO, operating single

band 15 meters as K6ND/1 . Close behind
was a group of all-band scores led by LR4E
with Jorge, lW4EU , at the controls. Vitomir.
S56M. turned in the top European score from
E74HH. KR 4Z operated by Paul, N4PN. was
the top USA scorer a ll band .
00 low powerTBSE, it was 8P3A. 3VasS,
and VE2XAA who led the pack . Cristobal,
EA7RU, and Brian , C4 Z. had a very close
race on 15 meters.

Multi-Operator
There were 241 entries in the Multi-Qperator
Single Transmitter category. Wh ile many big
stations complain about the band-ehange
rule, it has increased the overall popularity of
the category and set up some very spirited
com petition. T he w inning team was 3V 1A
operated by YT1AD , YT3 M, YT3W, and
SSM. The TM6M ope rating team of F1AKK,
F4DXW , and F8DBF made over 6000 contacts on their way to an impressive second
place finish and a new European record .
PY2NDX, PY2YU . and PY2ZEA pushed
PS2T to third place . P33W from Cyprus represented the fourth continenl in the top lour
scores due to a fine job by 5B4AIE. RA6LBS.
and RAJAUU.
The most exciting battle of the weekend
was the northern Africa Multi-Two shootout
among EBSAH, 5D5A. and D4C. Each station made over 10 ,000 contacts! Each had
about 1700 prefixes. In the end. it was the
six operators at EB8AH in the Canary
Islands who captured the win with the highest score in the history of the contest at 68million points . Second place was 5D5A from
Morocco with a three-operator team tha i
moved up a place due to an extremely accurat e log. The th ree ops at D4C in Capes
Ve rde made the most contacts. but fell to
third. Not much sleep at 5D5A or D4C in
order to do full 48 hour effo rts in Multi-Two
with only three operators!
It was a photo finish between PJ2T and
PW7T forthe South America Multi-Two nonors . PJ2T ended up wi nning by JOK points
on a total score of 37 m illion (thaI's only
0.08%)! Just one more multiplier would have
made the difference. Down under, the team
at VK4KW increased the Oceania record by
30%. The top USA score was by KD4DI3 in
Maryland.
The Multi-Multi category wa s won by
European powerhouse DR1 A . In addition to
setting an all-time prefix recoec. they raised
the European record from 47-million to 63million points! The ten operators from the
CT3 Madeira Contest Team pushed C R3A
to second place. The boys at LP 1H set a goal
of 4S-million points and made it! The top USA
Multi-Multi was a very enthusiastic crew at
WX3B .

Final Thoughts
The WP X SSB Contest occurred less than
three weeks alter the Japanese tsunami disaster. T here were man y co mments in the
logs expressing sympathy and hope for all
in the affect ed areas 01 Japan. We had 13
logs Irom JA7 and hope we will see more in
the future as the area recovers.

Visit Our Web Site

- - --

-------

The mUlti-single team of GB3C gave everyone a new multiplier.

Roberto, CE300H, on the left, Marco, CE3MMT, in the front, and
Esteban, XQ 7UP, on the right.

Log Checking Ho nor Ro ll

csos

There were 2,744 ,917 toter

recorded in the 5, 143 logs received for the
20 11 edition of the WPX sse contest.
More than 2 million, or 75% , of these contacts could be cross checked against
another log . An incredible 95.5% of the
cross-checked
were made without
errors. That's rather amazing when you
consider all of the QRM, OS8, and other
distractions a phone contest inflicts. The
average score reduction for all logs was
11.4%-nol bad when you consider the
freq uent double hit of losing a contact and
a multiplier.
Everyone who submitted a log to the
WP X contest should have rece iv ed an
e-mail with their log-checking report. Th e
repo rt shows all errors fo und in the log
and how the final score was calculated.
T he reports also show how others may
have miscopied your causiqn or exchange.
They are a great too l for lea rning how
to improve your operating skills. Send
an e-mail to eotrectcr ecqwpx.com to
request your repo rt.
The most accurate log was fro m Eero,
VE3 BVA, who made 380 contacts without
any score red uctions . Other top golden
logs (With OSOs made) include SP4GFG
(323) , DL 7URH (3 19), N60RB (297),
VR2XLN (254), DL4R AT (220), andAI4U N
(2 11). W2MF did 210 error-free QSOs all
on 160 meters! T here were 328 logs with
no reductions.
T here were 9 16 stations that did no l
cause any errors in the logs of the stations
they worked. T he top "golden transmitte r"
was Takayuk i, JR0GUY, with 201 OSOs .
Others in this eli te group included O H 10
(199), SP4LVK (18 1), K0RC (16 1), and
UU5A (153) .
The gold medal of accuracy goes to Enda ,
E12 11, who managed 141 two-way con tacts
without a single mistake eithe r transmitted
or received. The silver medal goes to Elme r,
OU 1EG , wit h 135.
Congratulations to all of the accuracy aces !

asos

In the Mu lti- Two category, secondp lace went to 5D5A from Morocco
with a three-operator team (lK2 0 EI, N6KT, IK2SGC) that moved up
a p lace due to an extremely accurate log.

The re were a numbe r of comments after

the contest about over-processed audio,
poor-quauty signals with wide splatter, excess
power, and generally rude operating .
Contesting is a sport where we all are sharing the same field. It is poor sportsmanship to
pollute the bands with poor signals and ruin
the fun for everyone else. For 20 12, the WPX
Contest Committee will establish a group of
monitors to listen to the bands during the contest. The committee will reserve the right not
to accept logs from stations that demonstrate
poor technical practices or sportsmanship.
Fair play and quality signals will attract more
people to contesting and provide more con tacts for everyone.
It takes a team to compile the results of so
many logs. We could not do it without the software development efforts of Ken, K 1EA. The
58 pape r logs received by ma il were converted into Cabri llo format by AE6Y, AL1G,
D04 HAM , JY5CC, K1 PX, K2DSL, K8P O,
KN3A , LY4U , N1XS, UA4FER, and W2JU.

",',-ff r- -, ..y
,

lax: 256 !lB03ll66

~_

,. ~

......, c""'"
info@w4rt.oom

~.

,., ptOOl>CIS ~ end ~ ., lhe ~ tI)' lIhi Ltl

www.cq-amateur-radio.co m

(Continued on page 102)

tneooly control
V6ki
_Use with a spea ker
- 8 lilt9/" Te
Input overoao LED
or headphones
- Mono head phone jack. 12 to lfN DC (400mA) Modules S upplied with
12 to 16V DC (2A)
l" ,tructlons a"d l"stallatlon its

~va,labI8}rom

..... ..

Log-check ing help wa s provided by J im,

WI9WI. Thanks to Barry , W5GN , for printing
and mailing the more than 1900 certificates
that were ea rned. Doug , K 1DG, coordinates
the plaque sponsors and distribution.
The 2012 WPX SSB Contest will be held
on March 24 and 25. Th e log deadline has
bee n moved up to April 18. Please read the
rules carefully as there are some cha nges .
Rules can be found in the Febru ary issue of
CO, on the CO website ewww.cq-amateurradio.com (for expanded tables, ORM, and
a list of guest op erators and cps of multi stations for the 20 11 contes t, also see the CO
website-ed.) , and on the CO WPX Contest
website <wwwcqwpx.com>. Keep up with
the latest news on the CO WPX Contest by
joining our Face book Fan page (sea rch for
wpx) . Let's hope for even better co nditions
in 2012!
73 , Randy, K5Z0

~:/i!!J::IQt:0WiJ

GAP Anten"a Produc ts Inc.

Q9 1j,

www.bhl-ltd.com

WiIoWSl, f .........., Fl 3M8

@i]

,.

Till;(112l5T19922 F.., (n2)571 9966 : : :_ _

_.~.CCIII

January 2012 CO

33

It's been a long time since computers made telegraph keys

optional equipment for CW contests. But a phone contest without a
microphone?? Read on...

Who Needs A Microphone

For A Phone Contest?
BY JAMIE DUPREE; NS3T

ll week in my job as a radio

reporter covering Capitol Hill, I
do one thing over and over : I talk
into a microphone. Tha t background
might make it easier to understand that
when it comes to 5SB contesting on the
weekend , as using a microphone is the

last thing I want to do.

Thus. over the last half dozen years

I have designed a system of over

17.000 recorded voice files which
allows me to call
run stations, move
them to a different frequency. search &
pounce-you name it-but my microphone stays tucked away in the cabinet

ca.

while other competitors are losing their

voices and yelling them se lves hoa rse.
All the while my wife and kids hardly

,.

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even know that I'm on the radio, and

that's very good, considering they're just
above me as I sit in my basement shack.
Some of my colleagues in the
Potomac Valley Radio Club in the
Washington, D.C. area know full well
that when they hear NS3T calling CO
during an SSB contest, it's not me, but
rather it's a recording of my voice:
"OSl , Hat: said one wise guy last
year, referring to the computer in the
movie 2001: A Space Odyssey.
"OSl, Jamie's computer, said anether after getting my exchange.
It's all my voice going out over the air,
but I get to sit Quietly in my shack, just
The author's station with twin K en wood
TS 2 000 transceivers set up fo r S02R
(Single-Opera tor, 2 Radios) contesting.

"9 712 Summit A ve., Kensington, MD

20895
e-mail: <ns3t@arrl.net>
The author also nms a contesting news
website at <http://www.radio-spon.net>

34

co January 2012

V isit Our Web S ite

-/
1111111111'1111'"

U'-,E:

/:/
:11:
:t
a
I. _, I.. 1..1. _, _,

Closeup of Jamie's number-one radio and computer keyboard. The audio from his computer is fed into the rig 's
Note that the func tion keys each are labeled for a different segment of contest exchange.

like I'm operating a CW contest, and I don't lose my voice

during a con test weekend.

No Voice Means No Contest

I sta rted fooling around with recorded voice files for contesting in 2003, whe n my regular voice beg an to have problems.
As a result, I slowly sta rted wha t 1still consider a "very~ lonqterm project for contesting voice files.
Think about how often many of you have had to cut short
a contest because your voice was giving out. Maybe you had
a cold and it was just killing your voice . Here are just a few
of the examples from the 3830 internet reflector after a major
SSB contest:
"Started losing my voice a few hours into the contest which
made things tough,"
"Great fun but SSB a s o numbers suffered due to losing
my voice,"
"Caught terrible flu two days before the contest and just
couldn't make my voice work ,"
"Thursday I had a sore throat and by 0230Z, I was losing
my voice,"
You don't have to suffer like that. There is another option,

The Happy S&P'er

Let's get started with something simp le, How about the nine
audio files you need to search & pounce your way around
the bands during a contest? That's right, just nine recorded
audio files can do the trick and have you making contest con-

.cqamateur-rad lo .com

me jack.

tacts with you r microphone u np lugged from th e radio.

They are:

T wo versions of your callsign

Contes t exchange and repeat
Your suffix and prefix
Your call area number repeat (one-two-three is mine)
Thanks or 73
Roger or aSL

That's your lineup of nine audio files to be what I call "The

Happy S&P'er."
Think about it. , , , You don't say very much on the air if
you are in search & pounce mode. You give your call, wait
for the othe r guy's exchange, give your info and maybe say
73. If you wa nt to just S&P, things don't have to be too complicated when it comes to audio files. However, maybe you
would like to do more with voice files.
The most frequently used application of recorded voice
files for contesting is where you use your voice (live) to say
the station's call sign, but the n you push a button for the
exchange. We have seen huge growth in the A RRL
Novembe r Sweepstakes fo r this kind of combination of '"live"
and "taped" messages, in which a competitor will say the call sign and give the serial number. followed by a recorded voice
file that has the rest of the information in the lengthy SS
exchange.
I wanted to do more , though. I wanted to keep that microphone disconnected from the rig, and I did not want someth ing that sounded like a verbal robot. I wanted my voice on
the air, but while my mouth stayed shut. Thus, I started

January 2012 .

ca

35

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__

~O h OD", 00 00 ,

IDa " 00 '" 00 00 , -

A sample Audacity recording screen. Here Jamie has recorded -oSL, five-n ine. five - for part of the CO World-Wide OX
Contest exchange.
recording . Now I have 17.327 files taking up 1.12 Gigabytes of space in my
contest audio folder. (Don'l worry: it's
copied in several places .)

A Litlle Advice
Before you think about recording thou-

sands of voice files, I want to give a couple of warnings: First, this kind of project is not for everyone .
Second, it is very time consuming . It
can be very fru strating, and it easily can

be screwed up.
Also, every piece of contesting softwa re treats voice files differently. I use
Writelog (see "Bete rences" for contact information), because I have found
that it is by far the most powerful contest logging software whe n it comes to
reco rded voice files. However, don't let
that stop you from checking out wha t
your logging software can do with
recorded files, because many of you
complain on a regu lar basis about how
a contest weekend shreds your voice.

How to Record
When it comes to recording and editing
sound files, I have an edge on most people. since that's what I do every day in
my job. It means I can zip my way
through recording and editing. a
process that might take others some
time to master. but it doesn't mean you
can't try,
My audio editor of choice is the same
one I use for my news work. It is called
Audacity. which is freeware that is available on the internet. It's really pretty
ba sic stuff to trim audio off the front and
back end by highlighting it with your cur-

36 co

January 2012

sor and pressing the delete key. Once

you take some time to master the snortcuts and more. you can also be an audio
editing whiz.
Many hams have their rig hooked up
to a computer in the shack, so you can
sta rt your voice files project right there.
I would recommend using the same
microphone for recording voice files
that you use on the air, especially if you
are mixing your ow n "live" voice with
recorded .WAV files , which is certainly
the most popular use of recorded audio
files in con testing.
Thi s brings up a very interesting part
of this process, which is that you need
to match not only the sound levels of
your live and taped voice , but also-as
best as you can-the ' urqency" and the
"pacln q" of a contest environ ment in
your recorded files.
Many of us have heard conteste rs
who furiously give your call, only to then
hit the button to fire the .W AV fil e
exchange which sounds like it was
recorded while they we re asleep,
because the pace is so much slower
than everything else that they are doing
in the contest. I cannot say how many
hundreds of files I have recorded and
then later deleted, simply because they
did not sound good on the air.
How do you figure out the best "pace"
for your recorded files? I did something
simple: I just turned the tape recorder
on during a big contest and recorded
lots of different contesters calling CO
and running stations. I also recorded my
own sound for a comparison. Then I
went through a tot of the recorded contest audio and found stations that had
a pace that I liked. I timed the length of

their exchanges and came up with a

length and pacing that seemed a comfon able fit for my contesting.
One more note about recording voice
files is that you might wa nt to be careful about the size of the file involved as
well as what type is supported by your
contest logger. A ll of my .W AV files
have a bit rate of 176 kbps. audio sample size of 8 bit, sample rale of 22 kHz.
and are recorded in a PCM mono format. The sample rate of 22050 is half
of my usual news size of 441 00. It does
give you a slig htly "rougher" sound at
22050 , but that's okay. I'm not putting
these together for an FM ste reo news
station. It is SSB, after all. and it saves
a good chunk of disk space. You can
save more by using .mp3 files, but first
make sure your recording software can
use them .

The CO Machine
If you wa nt to tak e the big step and set
up something where you can call CO in
a contest without a microphone, then
you need to record a lot of prefixes and
suffixes . However. before I sta rted
recording, I thought about who might
respond to my ca. I run low power and
have wires in the trees of my suburban
backyard. so I'm not a big signal on the
air in SSB tests. Because of that, I started by focusing on calls in the U.S. and
Canada for domestic contests.
First I broke down the different WNE
prefixes and how many files it would
take to record those:

AAl-AL0 ( 120 files)

KA l-KZ0 (260)
NA l-NA (260)

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W A 1-WZ (260)
N , K, W (30)

VA, VB,

vc. VE , VY (SO)

Yes. that means I started by recording Alpha-Alpha -One.

Alpha-Alpha-Two. Alpha-Alpha-Three. etc . That's 980 files
just in the U.S. and Canadian prefixes right there. Along the
way, I have added in some foreign prefixes and calls , but for
the most part. I have left my focus on North America and
some of the Caribbean .
Now comes the fun part-the suffixes! Like anything, when
you add another variable into the equation, the range of
results becom es larger:

A-Z (26 files)

AA-ZZ (676 files)
AAA- ZZZ (17,576 files)
Even by my standards , recording all of the 17.576 threeletter suffix combinations seemed a bit excessive , so I tried
10 figure out which ones ere most active , and then I sat down
and recorded some of those from time to time.
For many ca lls. the recorded prefixes and suffixes that I

developed work together pretty well and sound good on the

air, but that does not happen automatically. Because of that,
I have recorded hundreds and hundreds of full calls so that
it sounds even better on the air, especially when it comes to
2 x 1 calls like my own. For example, if you just use "NorwaySugar-Three" and 'Tanqo" for my NS3T call, it doesn't sound
great. However, if you have "NS3T" already recorded along
with a lot of other calls, they roll off the (recorded) tongue on
the air much better. It wasn't hard to figure out what calls to
record, as I just looked at my logs-3830 listings on the internet and contest results to see what calls are aetive-and
recorded many of them. The downside is obvious, as it could
mean a lot of work, but the reward is a recorded sound that
hardly anyone can tell is not live.
How does it sound? I am biased. I think it sounds great.
Here is a link from a November Sweepstakes contest to show
you how it works calling CO: <http://www.radio-sport.netl
nsst-za. mp3>.

The Power of Writelog

I also have greatly improved the sound of my contest voice
files by using the power of my Writelog contest software, which
allows a variety of extras when it comes to recorded files.
Let's say you are calling CO and NN3W answers. You type
NN3W into the log entry box and hit the key that fires your
.WAV files exchange (for me that is the apostrophe key, next
to "Enter). Writelog immediately looks in your voice files folder for NN3W.wav. lf it's not there, then the search gets shortened to NN3.wav, butted together with W.wav. It goes all the
way down to N.wav, N.wav, 3.wav, W.wav if necessary.
However, since I know NN3W, his call is listed in my
"Friends" file for SSB contests, where I have calls of people
I know, plus their names (NN3W=NAME- RICH). That allows
me to use the %H command to check each call for my
"Friends" file, and it they are there, Writelog can send the
"NAME-RICH" file so that it says "Thanks, RichMand then
goes into my exchange.
The same thing can be used in the NAOP contests, where
the name is part of the exchange, as Writelog can read the
name entry field (%F2) and will automatically send a greetJack,- Writelog
ing based on the name in that field. If I type in M
will fire off a voice file that says "Thanks, Jack- followed by
my exchange.

38

CQ January 2012

It took a lot of experimenting, but I also figured out ways

to have one key do different things with a voice file, depending on what information is in the log entry window. For example, if the exchange involves a state, province, or section,
pushing a certain key can trigger a file that says, MIneed your
state again- or '" need your section; what's your section?"
However, if I have typed something such as "lAMinto that
specific log entry field, then pushing the same button will
send out "Is that Iowa? India Alpha?" I have done the same
for serial numbers and other common exchange information.

I'm Not Wasting Time

I've had a number of people tell me I'm wasting my time with
this project, that I could never win a contest with it, etc. While
it may not be a match for the fast talkers who can get the rate
meter above 500 in an SSB test, there is one area where
they are no match for me. My cansiqns and my exchanges
never stumble .
Next time there is a phone contest on the bands, listen for
a while-especially on SUnday-and see how many times the
big guns are flubbing their lines, stumbling over calls, getting
tongue-tied. They are wasting time. Whether the contest peri od is 10, 12,24,36, or 48 hours, there is only so much time
that we have on the air, and if you are losing time for any reason , you are losing points.
One area in which this system is very effective is with S02R
(Single Operator, 2 Radios). I'm not using any energy pushing the CO button, since I use the automatic repeat feature
in Writelog. Therefore, while my CO is being transmitted, I
can calmly listen on the other radio and get ready to pounce
on another contact. Maybe someday I can take a thumb drive
with my voice files to a big station somewhere and see how
well it does there.

The Bottom Line

As you can tell, this isn't the easiest project, but it has enabled
me to get on the air at all hours of the day and night during
an SSB contest without disturbing anyone in my house. I can
play the role of "Happy S&P'er,Mor I can get on and call CO,
and probably no one realizes that I'm churning out sounds
from my hard drive, instead of from my lungs and vocal
chords.
Is it worth it? You bet it is. Is it for everyone? Probably not,
but it is interesting.
The genesis for this article was a speech that I gave to a
group of contesters who were gathered in Orlando, Florida for
the 65th Orlando HamCation. I was ready to talk about my
contesting website, <radio-sport.net>, or how my job in radio
news can be much like contesting (sitting in the chair for hours
at a time) or my news work: in general, since I had some hams
who were actual listeners at the event as well. At one point,
tough, I decided to bring up the subject of my voice files project. Suddenly my speech was all about voice files with lots of
intrigued hams.
"Who would have thought that would be the focus?" said
Dan Street, K1TO, one of the organizers of the event. It
reminded me that I did have something different on the hard
drive of my shack computer. Thus, if you hear NS3T on the
air in a phone contest, you will know that my microphone is
not plugged in (it's in the cabinet) and that I'm not yelling
myself hoarse.

References
Writelog: <http:ltwww.writelog.com>
Audacity: < http://audacity.sourceforge.neV>

Visit Our Web Sit e

Reader Survey
January 2012

,~

t . -=:

What You've Told Us...

Our October survey asked about your
involvement in ama teur radio emergency
and public service communications, and

We'd like to know more about you-about who you are , where you live, what
kind(s) of work you do. and of course, what kinds of amateur rad io activities
you enjoy. Why? To he lp us serve you better.
Each time we run one of these surveys, we'll ask a few different questions
and ask you to indicate your answers by c ircling numbers on the Survey Card
an d returning it to us. As a bit of incentive, we'll pick one respondent each month
and give that pe rson a complimentary one-year subscription (or subscri ption
extension) to Co.
This month , as we report on good OX returning to the upper HF bands. we'd
like to know some more about your HF activities and experiences.
Please answer by circling the appropriate numbers on the reply card
or by going to the following web link <www.surveymonkey.comlsl
CQJan12> [From the digital edition, just click on the link].
1. Are you currently active on HF?
'(es ..................................................................................................... 1

tIIo

not surprisingly, three-quarters of the

readers who responded are either currently (54%) or formerly (2 1%) invo lved
in som e way with this vital aspect 01ham

radio. Plus, nearly two-thirds (61%) of

you have helped provide communications during at least one actual emergency. and 75% have hel ped out with at
least one public service event.
Two- thirds of CO rea ders are memo
bers of at least one emergency-eommunlcanons-relatec group . Of that numbe r,

73% belong to the ARRL's Amateur

Radio Emergency Service (A RES) , followed by National Weather Service SKY
WARN (64%), RACE S (35%), an

emccm m-focused radio club (28%) ,

CERT (Co mmunity Emergency Response Team)(20%), other (14%) ,
MARS (13%), SATERN (10%), Southem
Baptist Disaster Relief (3%) and REACT
(also 3%).
That same two-thirds of our readers
have completed at least some formal
emcomm trai ning. Among them , 68%
have taken a SKYWARN course , followed by 55% who have taken a FEMA
(Federal Emergency Management
Agency) course; 43% have misce llaneous other training, and 32% have completed an ARRl online emcomm course.
Somewhat surprisingly with this level of
activity and training. only 32% have ever
held an emcomm leadership position,
such as an ARRl Emergency Coordinator or RACES officer (only 10%
currently).
Finally. 51 % at readers say amateur
radio is an active participant in their cornmunity's emergency response plan; 24%
say they're not sure, 17% say yes, but
mostly on paper, and 11 % say no.
This month's winner of a free digital CO
subscription is laro Kovac, E73DU , of
Trebinje. Bosnia and Herzegovina.

40 ca

January 2012

2. What is the first solar cycle you remember (as a ham or SWL)?
Cycle 17 (1933-1944) or earlier
3
Cycle 18 (1944-1954)
,
,.4
Cycle 19 (1954- 1964)
,5
Cycle 20 (1964-1976)
6
Cycle 21 (1976-1986)
,7
Cycle 22 ( 1986-1996)
,
,
,
,.8
Cycle 23 ( 1996-2008)
9
Cycle 24 (2008--present) ...............................................................10

3. Which HF band is your favorite today?

160 meters (yes, we know it's technically MF)
11
flOJ'l'5 meters
12
60 meters
13
40 meters
14
30 meters
,
"
"
"
,
, 15
20 meters
16
17 meters ..,.... .............................................,
17
15 meters ................................................................................................ 1~
12 meters
19
10 meters ..............................................................................................20

4. How recently have you been on 10 meters?

Today
21
W ithin the pa st week
22
W ithin the past month .............................................................................23
W ithin the pa st year
24
1--!5 yElClrli CigO
,..............................................................25
6-10 years ago
26
More than 10 years ago
,
",
" ..27
l've never been on 10 me ters
,
28
5. If a new ham band is created in the vicinity of 500 kHz, how likely
would you be to try to operate there?
"fe flf lil<ely ...............................................................................................29
~()mewhClt lil<ely......................................................................................~
Somewhat unlikely
31
"fer)( llnlil<Elly
:32
Wou ld need to learn more first
33
Thank you for your response s. We'll be back with more question s next month .

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Announcing:

The 2012 CQ World-Wide WPX Contest

RTTY: February 11-12
Starts: 0000 GMT Saturday
I. Objective: For amateurs wol1dwide to
contact as many amateurs and prefixes
as possible during the contest period .
II. Period of Operation: 48 hours. Single
Operator stations may operate 30 of the
48 hours-off times must be a minimum of
60 minutes during which no
is
logged . Multi-operator stations may operate the full 48 hours.
III. Bands : On ly the 3.5. 7, 14, 2 1, and 28
MH z bands may be used. Observance of
established band plans is strongly
encouraged.
IV. Terms of Competition for All Categories :
(8) All entrants must operate within the
limits of their chosen category when performing any activity that could affect their
submitted score. Only the entrant's callsign may be used to aid the entrant's
score.
(b) A different causlqn must be used for
each entry.
(c ) Entrants must not exceed the total
output power limit of their entry category
on any band . Power is measured at the
fina l output connector of the transmitter.
(d) Self-spotting or asking other stations to spot you is not allowed.
alerting assistance is
(e) Use of
permitted in atl categories.
(1) All operation must take place from
one operating site . Transmitters and
receivers must be located within a 500meter diameter circle or within the property limits of the station licensee, wnicnever is greater. All antennas must be
physica llyconneeted by wires to the transmitters and receivers used by the entrant.
(g) The en try location of a remote station is determined by the physical location
of the transmitters. receivers, and antennas. A remote station must obey all station and category limitations.
V. Entry Categories :
A. Single Operator Categories: All
operating and logging functions are performed by one person (the operator).
Only one transmitted signal is permitted
at any time.

eso

eso

44 co

January 2012

Ends: 2359 GMT Sunday

(a) Single Operator High (All Band or

Single Band): Total output power must
not exceed 1500 watts.
(b) Single Operator Low (All Band or
Single Band): Total output power must
not exceed 100 watts.
(c) Single Operator QRP (All Band or
Sing le Band): Total output power must
not exceed 5 watts.
B. Si ngle Operator Overlay e atagories: Single Operator entrants may
also submit their log for one of the categories shown below by adding an additional line in the cebnnc log file header
called CATEGORY-OVERLAY. All Overlay entries are grouped into high power
and low power in the results.
( a) TrlbanderlSingle Element (TBWIRES): During the contest an entrant
shall use only one (1) tribander (any type,
with a single feed line from the transmitter to the antenna) for 10 , 15, and 20
meters and single-element an tennas on
40 and 80 meters.
(b) Roo k ie (ROOKIE): To ente r th is
category the operator must have been
licensed as a radio amateur three (3)
years or less on the date of the contest.
Indicate the date first licensed in the
SOAPBOX field .
C. Multl-Qperator Categories (All
Band. High power only): More than one
person can contribute to the final score
during the official contest period. Select
category based on number of transmitted
signals. Total output power of each transmitted signal m ust not exceed 1500
watts.
(a) Single-Transmitter (MULTI-ONE):
Only one transmitted signal is permitted
at any time. A maximum of ten (10) band
changes may be made in any clock hour
(00 through 59 minutes). For example, a
change from 20 meters to 40 meters and
then back to 20 meters counts as two band
changes. Use a single serial number
sequence for the entire log .
(b) Two-Transmitter (MULT1-TWO): A
maximum of two transmitted signals is
permitted at any time on different bands.

Either transmitter may wor1t any and all

stations. A slalion may only be worked
once pe r band regardless of which transmitter is used. The log musl Indicate
which IransmlUer made each eso (colurnn 81 of CABRl l LO
template for
CO con tests) . Each transmitter may make
a maximum of eight (8) band changes in
any clock hour (00 through 59 minutes).

aso

For example, a change from 20 meters to

40 meters and then back to 20 meters
counts as two band changes. Use a separate serial number sequence for each
band.
(c) Multi-Transmitter (MUl TI-UNLlMrrED): No limit to transmitters. but only
one transmitted signal (and running station) allowed per band at any time. Use a
separate serial number sequence for
each band.
VI. Exchange: RSm report plus a progressive contact serial number starting
with 001 lor the first contact. Note: MultiTwo and Mu lti-Unlimited entran ts use
se pa rate serial num ber seq ue nces on
each ba nd.
VII. Contact Point s :
(a) Contacts between stations on dif
ferent continen ts are worth three (3)
points on 28 , 2 1. and 14 MHz and six (6)
points on 7 and 3.5 MHz.
(b) Contacts between stations on the
same continent, but different countries,
are worth two (2) points on 28, 21. and 14
MHz and four (4) points on 7 and 3.5 MHz.
(c ) Contacts between stations in the
sa me country are worth 1 point on 28, 21 ,
and 14 MHz and two (2) points on 7 and
3.5 MHz.
VII I. Pref i x Multipliers: The prefix mu ltiplier is the nu mbe r of valid prefixes
worked . Each PREFIX is counted only
once regardless of the band or number of
times the same prefix is worked.
(a) A PREFIX is the letter/numeral combination which forms the first part of the
amateur call. Examples: N8 , W8, W D8 ,
HG1 , HG 19, KC2. OE2. 0E25, LY 1000,
etc. Any difference in the numbering, lettering , or order of same shall count as a
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separate prefix. A station operating from

a DXCC country different from that indicated by its call sign is required to sign
portable. The portable prefix must be an
authorized prefix of the country/call area
of operation. In cases of portable operation, the portable designator w ill then
become the prefix . Example: N8BJO
operating lrom Wake Island would sign
N8BJO/KH9 or N8BJO/NH9. KH6XXX
operating from Ohio must use an authorized prefix for the U.S. 8th district (NoI8,
IAD8 , etc.). Portable designators without
numbers will be assigned a zero (0) after
the second letter of the portable designator to form the prefix. Example: PAlN8BJO
would become PAD. All call s without numbers will be assigned a zero (0) after the
first two letters to form the prefix.
Example: X EFTJW would count as XE0.
Maritime mobile, mobile, l A, IE. /J,/P, or
other license class identifiers do not count
as pref ixes .
(b) Special event, commemorative , and
other unique prefix stations are encou rage d to participate , Pref ixes must be
assigned by the licensing authority of the
country of operation .

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IX. Scoring: A station may be worked

once on each band for OSO point credit.
Pref ix credit may be taken only once.
(8) Single-Opera1or:
(I) All-Band score is total contact points
from all bands multiplied by the number of
different prefixes worked.
(II) SingleBand score is total con tact
points on the band entered multiplied by
the number of different prefixes worked
on that band only.
(b) Multi-Operator: Scoring is the
same as Single-Operator, All-Band .

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X. Awards: Only logs submitted in electronic format are eligible for awards. A single-band Jog will be eligible for a singleband award only.
To be eligible for an award , a Single
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4 hours of operation . Multi-operator stations must operate a min imum of 12

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Only one plaque will be awarded per
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award. That award will be given to the runner-up for that area if the numberof entries
jus tifies the award.
(b) Certificates will be awarded to the
highest scoring station in each category
listed under Section V . . .
(i) In every participating country.

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J.nuary 2012 CO

45

(ii) In each call area of the United Slates,

Canada, Russia, Spain, and Japan.
(iii) At the discretion of the contest di rector second- and third-place awards may
be made.
XI. Club Co m pet itio n : A plaque will be
awarded each year to the club that has
the highest aggregate score from logs
subrmttec by its members. To be listed in
the results, a minimum of three logs must
be received from a club.
(a) The club must be a local group and
not a national organization (e .g., ARRL or
DAR C).
(b) Participation is limited to members
residing in or operating from a local geographic area (exception : DXpeditions
speci ally organized for operation in the
contest and manned by membe rs).
(c) Sing le-operator entries can only
contribute to one club. Mult i-operator
scores may be allocated to multiple clubs
as indicated with the entry. Please spell
out the full club name in your entry.
XII . Instructi ons for Su b m iss io n of
Logs : We would appreciate receiving all
logs in electronic format. Electronic sub-mission of logs is required for anyone
competing for an award and for all who
use a computer to log the contest or prepare contest logs.

(a) The log MUST show the following

fo r eac h contact: correct time in UTC,
frequency (or band), call, serial number
sent, and serial number received. A log
without all required information may be
reclassified to checklog .
(b) Sing le-band entrants are requi red
to include all contacts made during the
contest period. even If on other bands.
Only contacts made on the band specified
in the Cabrillo header or summary sheet
will be considered for scoring purpose s.
Logs with contacts only on one band will
be classified as single band entries.
(c) The CA BRl l lO f lie format i s the
standard for logs. For detailed instructions on filli ng out the CABRI LLO file
header, see the WP X RTIY Contest Web
site ewww.cqwpxrtty.corro-. Failure to fill
out the header correctly may result in you r
entry be ing placed in the wrong category
or reclassified as a checklcq. Note: U.S.
stations must indica te the loca tion of
where you operated lrom in the CABRILLO header (e .g., LOCATION : OH).
(d) E-m ail or Web upload i s the
expected method of log SUbmission.
Logs in CABRILLO formal should be sent
to <rtty@cqwpx.com>. Include only your
callsign in the -Subject:- line of your email. Web upload of logs is available on

2012 ARRL Southwestern

Division Convention
in conj unction with

Yuma Ham/est
&

Arizona State Convention

Feb. 17 & 18,2012

Yuma County Fairgrounds
2520 East 32" Street, Yuma, Arizona

www.yumahamfest.org
Vendors & Exhibitors
Consignment Sales
License Testing
Hourly Door Prizes
On-site RV Cam ping
Famous Buzzard BBQ
ARRL Forum
$5.00 Admission
46 co

January 2012

Tailgating (Swap Meet)

Full Seminar Schedule
DXCC Card Checking
Grand Prizes worth $10K
Emergency Preparedness
iPad 2 Admission Prize
Hospitality Area
Antenna Clinic & T-Hunt

the

CO W PX

Web site at <www.

cqwpxrtty.corro. All logs received via email w ill be confirmed via e-mail. A listing
of logs received can be found on the CO
WPX RTTY Web Site.
(e) Instructio ns for NON-eA BAll l O
electronic logs: If you are not able to submit a CAB RILLO format log. please contact the Contest Director for assistance
with submitting another format.
(f) Instructions for paper log s : All
paper logs should be sent to Paper Logs,
Box 481 , New Carl isle. OH 45344, USA.
Please mark WPX RnY on the envelope.
Each paper log entry must be accompanied by a Summary Sheet listi ng all scoring information, the category of competition, and the entrant's name and mailing
address in BLOCK LETIERS.
XIII. Ru le Violatio ns : Violation of amaleur radio regulations or the rules of the
contest; unsportsmanlike conduct; taking
credit for excessive unverifiable asos or
mutnpliers: use of any non-amateur
means of communication to SOLICIT,
ARRANG E, or CONFI RM an y contacts
during or after the contest will be deemed
sufficient cause for disqualification.
An entrant whose log is deemed by the
WPX RnY Contest Ccmrmttee to contain
rule viol ations may be issued a Yellow or
Red card depending on the seriousness
of the infraction. It the entry is in a multioperator category. all listed ope rato rs are
so affected.
YELLOW card: Any entrant or operator
issued a yellow card is not el igible for an
award and will be listed al the end of the
publis hed results.
RED card : Any entrant or operator
iss ued a red card is not eligible tor an
award, will be listed at the en d of the published results, and will be ineli gible for any
CO-sponsored contest award lor a period
of one year beginning w ith the publication
of the violation in CO magazine.

XIV. Declaration: By SUbmitting an entry

in the CO WPX RnY Contest you agree
that: (1 ) you have read and understood
the rules of the contest and agree to be
bound by them. (2) you have operated
according to all rules and regulations of
your country that pertain to amateur radio,
(3) your log entry may be made open to
the public, and 4) ail actions and decisions
of the WPX ATTY Contest Committee are
official and final.
XV. Deadli ne: Ali entries must be emailed or postmarked NO LATER than
March 1, 20 12. Logs a- mailed or postmarked after the deadline may be ineligible lor any awards.
Q uestions pertaining 10 the WPX
Contest may be e-mailed to the WPX
RnY Contest Director, Ed Muns. WOYK,
at <wOyk@cqwpxrtty.com> .
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z
:;:

'">co

continue our op amp discu ssion from last

month let us now look at fig. 1. Here we have
connected V+in to ground (or 0 volts) . As a
result V-in will be forced to a valu e that is within
100 microvolts (in our circuit example) of 0 volts .
We have also added two resistors to the V-in terminal. One, called Ain, is connected to our input

source, while the other, Rf, is connected to the output of the op-amp.

For this example let us also assume that the values of both resistors arethe same. Since V-in must
be at zero volts (because V+in is connected 10
ground), all of the input voltage has 10 be present
across Ain. Remembering what we discussed last
month, you will now see thaI the output voltage
must rise to the point where it is essentially equal

to the input voltage (for now we will ignore the 100microvolt offset) since its other end is at V-in (or
0). Also, all of it has 10 be present across At. Furthermore , since the input is connected to V-in, the
output must be of the opposite polarity. An input of
+1 volt therefore will result in an output of - 1 volt.
This is one of the most common conventional
clo CO magazine

op-amp circuit configurations. You might also

immediately realize that it At is increased, let us
say to 10 times Rin, the output now will have to
increase to 10 times the input. This leads us to the
simple formula for this circuit, which is - Vout =
Vin(Rf/Rin).
In the event that you do not want the inversion
in polarity, fig. 2 shows the same basic circuit but
with the input applied to v-fn. Now the formula
becomes Vout = Vin (RflAin). Note that in both
cases of our example the offset voltage was
ignored, as it was only a tiny portion of the actual
values. In "real world" examples it may (or may not)
be important
To reiterate, you should remember that the value
of V-in (with respect to common) will always be
essentially the same as the value of V+in (also
with respect to common). Any input to a series resistor will always cause the output to go to a value
where the V+in and v -in voltages (including. but not
necessarily limited to, 0) are essentially the same.
This means that in our example we can connect
additional resistors to V-in as shown in fig. 3. The
output of the op-amp will then be the sum 01all 01
the voltages applied to these resistors as shown in

RI

AA
V

R in

V _;n

Input

O utp ut
V + in

Fig. 1- Common invet1ing op-amp circuit.

1:.'
V

Rin

V ln
V

Outp ut
V +in
~..-

Input

Fig. 2- Common noninvet1ing op-amp circuit.

48

co

January 2012

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R1
I n p ut 1

R2
In put 2

O utp ut

R3
Inpu t 3

Fig. 3- Common multi-input inverting op-amp circui t.

....
+

v - tn

9 V

6
+

V+ in 3

9 V

O u tpu t

Ca p ac itors a re
4 7 u F /1 6 vo lts

Fig. 4- Simple op-amp test circuit described in text.

RI

R in

Inp ut
O u tpu t

+ 01
P ower
supply
V o ltage

Fig. 5- Using

50

co January 2012

a single power supply to power an op-amp circuit.

Vi sit Our Web Site

the diagram, since the values of V+in and

V-in are both O.
This circuit is an ideal mixer, since
one input will not affect any other input.
In addition. if the various input resistors
were potentiometers, the circuit would
be the basis of a good audio (or RF, for
that maner) mixer.
At this point we would suggest that
you get yourself a couple of inexpensive op-amps (the l M-74 1 is a good,
readily available choice) and build the
test circuit of fig. 4. Your power supply
will be a couple of 9 volt batteries. and
your breadboard can be one of the lowcost so-called "scldertess breadboards: These can be used to quickly
configu re various circuits and will not
"b reak the bank." Since op-arnps can be
touchy, a coupe of electrolytic capacitors should be add ed between the pos itive and negative supplies to ground as
shown. You should also have a simple
power supply for your signal source and
a DVM. In a pinch. you can always use
a 1.5-volt battery as your signal source.
Before leaving you on your own, I
would like to take a moment to discuss
power supplies for op-amp circuits. Up
to now in our discussion we have used
both po sitive and negative supplies. An
op-amp can be run from a single supply, however, by biasing it as shown in
fig . 5. Here the V+in terminal is brought
to a point that is half of the power supply by means of two resistors. This now
means that the "0 point- will be half of
the power supply, or 4.5 volts in this
e xample. W ith no input to the circuit of
fig. 1, the output will be +4.5 volts. With
a + 1 volt input , the output will be +3.5
volts , and with a - 1 volt input, the output will be +5.5 volts. You get the idea.
So far we have discussed the very
basics of "ideal" op-amps and given
some very simple examples. In the real
world , however, all of the parameters of
each specific op-amp will determine
how well a particular device will operate
in your application. If you try to repeat
the e xamples given, you will at least
quickly see the "real world" results of the
device . Then, when you are more fam iliar with the operation of the device, it
would be a good idea to search the internet or even the application notes published by the various semiconductor
manufacturers for more elaborate circuits and applications with which to
experiment.
The operational ampli fier can be a
very powerful circuit element that can
be used in countless applications way
beyond ou r simple introduction.
Have fun experimenting and a very
Happy New Year to all!
73, Irwin, WA2NDM

www.cq-amateur-radio.com

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January 2012 CO

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ITU World Radio Conference

to be held Jan. 23 to Feb. 17, 2012
Amateur radio access to new spectrum ~
around 500 kHz is on the agenda; ~~"
60 meters endangered
.~

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3

he International Telecommunication Union

holds major international meetings, called

World Radio Conferences (WAC), every

three or four years. The next month-long WRC- 12

will be convened at ITU headquarters in Geneva
beginning in mid -January. The conference has the
very important task of reviewing the international
treaty that govems all radiocommunications.
It will be preceded by the Radiocornmunication
Assembly from January 16-20 which will decide
the structure. working methods, and schedule of
the various study groups that will address each
agenda item.
The rad io spectrum is a valuable and limited natural resource . Rad io waves do not stop at nat ional boundaries, and international coordination is
required to eliminate interference between countries. National governments of the world manage
their radio services in accordance with the
telecommunications regulatory framework established at these World Rad io Conferences.

History 01 International
Radio RegUlation
The history of international radio regulation
extends back before there was radio, to the tormation of th e International Telegraph Union in
1865. In 1876, afte r the invention of the telephone ,
the ITU drew up international rules governing telephony. The development of radio around the turn
of the last century led to the first International
Radiotelegraph Conference in Berfin in 1906. The
two groups met separately until 1932, when they
were merged to form today's International
Telecommunication Union. The ITU became a
United Nations specialized organization in 1947,
w ith headquarters in Geneva , Switzerland. Its stated goal was to extend, improve, and promote all
forms of international telecommunications.
Member countries have met periodically over
the past century. These gatherings, orig inally held
every ten or twenty years and covering all radio
services, used 10 be called World Administrative
Radio Conferences , or WARCs. At the 1979
WARC, three new HF amateur radio bands were
established : 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters.
That is why today these three bands are often
referred to by hams as the MWARC bands ."
The ITU was restructured in 1992 and future
conferences became known as World Radio
"1020 Byron Lane, Arlington, TX 76012
e-mail: <w5yiC.tcq-amateur-radio.com>

52 co

January 2012

Conferences (WRCs). Because telecommunications technology changes so rapidly and is so

important to the global economy, the ITU now
holds WRCs more freq uently and with limi ted
agendas. The last WRC was held in 2007 and the
next, WRC-1 2, will convene this month . In attendance will be 193 ITU member states. (The most
recent member to join the ITU is South Sudan,
which became a member on July 14, 20 11.)
Together they will discuss and vote on possible
changes to the International Radio Regulations.
These regulations tend to be very general in
scope, thus providing a certain amount of national flexibility and application. These accords have
the force of an international treaty once ratified at
the national level.
ITU membership is ope n to governments, which
may join the Union as Member States, as well as
to private organizations such as carriers, equ ipment manufacturers, fund ing bodies, research and
development organizations, and international and
regional telecommunication organizations, which
can join the ITU as Sector Members. At present
there are around 700 Sector Members. The
International Amateur Radio Union , IARU, has otticial observer status at the ITU.
All United Nations countries are automatically
members of the ITU , and those that are not UN
members can be voted in by two-thirds vote. In
1993, the ITU was remodeled into three bureaus,
or sectors. They are the Telecom Standardization
Sector (commonly referred to as ITU -T), the
Telecom Development Sector (ITU D), and the
Radiocommunications Sector(ITU -R). Each of the
three ITU bureaus has various advisory and study
groups .
According to the ITU, the objective of the Radiocommunication Sector is ~ ...to ensure rational ,
equitable , efficient, and economical use of the
radiofrequency spectrum by all radiocommunicanon services, including those using satellite orbit,
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rad iocommunication matters."

Preparing for a WRC

The general scope of WAC agendas is establ ished four to
six years in advance , with the final agenda set by the ITU
Council two years before the conference. by concurrence of
a majority of member states.
Member countries prepare for these conferences by orqanizinq national and reg ional te lecommunications meetings
addressing the agenda items. The FCC, NTIA (National
Telecommunications and Information Administration) and De
partment of State collaborate to develop the U.S. positions.
Preparations for Wand Radio Conferences are also conducted by regional groups suc h as APT (Asia- Pacific
Telecommunity), CITEL (Inte r-American Telecommunication
Commission), CEPT (European Conference of Postal and
Telecommunication Administrations), and ERa (the
European Badiocommunications Office) . There is also an
Arab Regional Group .
The ITU's Study Groups represent a major aspect of ITU-R
activities. More than 1500 specialists from telecommunication
organizations and administrations around the wor1d participate
in the work of the Radiocommunication Sector's seven study
groups. Terrestrial services (such as amateur radio) are handled by Study Group 5. Each Study Group is further separated into sub sidiary MWorking Parties" (WP), ' Task Groups"
(TG), and "Rapporteur (repo rting) Groups" (RG). Amateur
radi o agenda items are considered by Working Party SA.
The recommendations of each Study Group are then summarized into a conso lidated CPM (Conference Preparatory
Meeting) Report and circulated to the various ITU members
about six months before the Conference starts. The CPM
_

.cq-amateur-radio.com

Report represents a consensus of ways to act on each agenda item. The CPM Report for WRC-12 was released on
February 25, 2011 .

WRC12
A major focus of WRC-12 will be on developing a sharing
mechanism for radio-frequency spectrum that is being freed
up by the move from analog to dig ital televis ion broadcasting . Additional spectrum will be identified for other radiocommunication services related to the environment, meteoro logy, and climatol ogy, as well a s disaster prediction,
mitigat ion , and rel ief. Also on the ag enda is a possible inte rnational amateur rad io allocation in the area of 500 kHz.
Since early in the 20th century, the rad io freque ncy of 500
kHz has been an international calling and distress frequency for Morse code maritime communications . It was frequently referred to by its equivalent wavelength, 600 meters.
The United States Coast Guard used to mainta in 24-hour
watches on this frequency. Many SOS calls and medical
emergencies at sea were handled on 500 kHz until the late
1980s. Rarely is the frequency now used . Emergency traffic
on 500 kHz has been almost completely rep laced by the satellite-based Global Maritime Distress Safety System(GMDSS).
Most nations now have ended monitoring of maritime transmiss ions on 500 kHz. The nearby frequencies of 518 kHz
and 490 kHz are used for the Navtex (Navigational Telex)
component of GMDSS. Navtex is an international automated direct-printing service delivering navigational and meteorological warnings, forecasts, and urgent marine safety information to ships at sea.
There have been proposals to allocate frequencies at or
near 500 kHz for amateur radio use. Some countries already
allow their radio amateurs to use 500 kHz. Other reg ions ha ve
January 2012 CO

53

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co J anuary 2012

granted experimental uses to selected

licensees in advance of any international frequency allocation . The FCC
granted the American Radio Relay
League an experimental license to
explore such uses in September 2006.
During the upcom ing World Radio
Conference, a 15-kHz allocat ion to the
Amateur Radio Service will be "coneldered on a secondary use basis taking
into account the need to protect existing
services." The specific frequencies are
yet to be determined, but are expected
to be between 415 and 526.5 kHz.
The issue is whether to allocate spectrum to the amateur service and how to
protect ex isting services in the band
trom harmful interlerence. The band
4 15 to 526.5 kHz largely is allocated to
the maritime mobile and aeronautical
radionavigat ion services. Currently,
only rad iotelegraphy may be used on
the band from 495-505 kHz.
The principal inte rest of the Amateur
Radio Service in this band lies in its
unique propagation properties, wh ich
are different from those in the 135-kHz
and 1800-kHz bands. For examp le,
the band allows for propagation unaffect ed by ionospheric disturbanc es
and sunspot cycle variations. This
characteristic would prove invaluable in
the continuing development by radio
amateurs of dependable emergency
communications.
Worldwide, the amateur service, as a
secondary user, successfully shares
with the fixed service between 10.1 00
and 10.1 50 MH z. In some countries ,
including the U.S., amate urs utilize specific channels between 5.25 and 5.45
MHz on a secondary basis shared with
the primary fixed and mobile services.
The primary interle rence avoidance
technique on these bands has been a
listen-before-transm it protocol , supplemen ted by appropriate regulatory
power limitations. These techniques
have led to successful sharing arrangements. (In an unexpected and unfortu nate proposal to WRC1 2, the United
States has proposed to allocate 5.255.45 MHz to the radiolocation service to
accommodate HF oceanographic radar.
This could adversely impact U.S. ama teur service access to the 5 channels in
this range since sharing will be difficult.)
In th e 500-kHz range, the United
States supports the secondary allocation subject to the protection of incumbent radiocommunlcation services .The
U.S. Stale Depa rtment has sent its proposals off to Geneva, including a recommendation for a secondary altocation for the amateur service at 461-469
kHz and 471 -478 kHz.

Two possible methods of providing

access to amateurs in the 500-k Hz
range, along with the possib ility of there
being no change (and therefore no allocation), are set out in the C PM Report,
along with the advantages and disadvantages of each. ARRL Ch ief Technology Officer Brennan Price, N4QX ,
atten ded the C PM as a member of the
United States delegation .
What is now called Method A" envisions an allocation of up to 15 kHz
between 472 and 487 kHz. Method MB"
calls for allocations of 46 1-469 kHz and
471-478 kHz. The U.S. supports
Method MS, which also has sufficient
support among other administrations in
the Americas to have become an InterAmerican Proposal of the InterAmerican Telecommunication Commission (C ITEL). But some other
administrations support Method M
A. M
At its mee ting from September 26 to
29, the European (CEPT) project team
approved a draft proposal for the secondary MF amateur allocation to be an
8-kHz-wide band between 472 and 480
kHz. This is supported by the aa-country European bloc.
ARRL Chief Executive Officer David
Sumner, K1ZZ, said, "While an 8-kHz
allocation does not tully meet our objective of 15 kHz, having a European
Common Proposal for an amateur allocation is a major step toward possibly
achieving one at WRC 12.M
The National Telecommunicat ions
and Information Administration notes
that "The maritime community also has
emerging requirements for globally harmonized interoperable ma ritime spectrum in support of sa fety and security
requirement s in the 4 15-526.5 kHz
band. The NTIA is the White House
advisor on telecommunications matters.
A new digital syste m centered on 500
kHz is being developed by the maritime
radio community, and an amateur allocation, even on a secondary, not-tointerlere basis, was found to be incompatible with the planned system .
The Intemational Maritime Organization (IMO) opposes any secondary MF
allocation to the amateur service at any
600-meter frequency. The IMO's primary purpose is to develop and maintain a
comprehensive reg ulatory framework
for shipping at sea. The IMO believes
"based on existing studies" that any such
allocation will cause harmful interterence to future maritime needs and recommends that the allocation to the amateur service not be made.
We will know the result of the voting
on February 17. See you next month.
73, Fred, W5YI
M

Visit Our Web Site

Announcing:

2012 Nominations Open

for the CQ Amateur Radio, DX,
and Contest Halls of Fame

acn year

co recognizes those

who have made significant con-

tributions to amateur radio in general, and to DXing and contesting in particular, creating three categories of
awards. Nominations are now open and
will close on March 1, 2012 for all three

Halls of Fame.

CO Amateur Radio Hall of Fame

Amateur radio operators have been
responsible for man y advances in com-

munications technology, and entire

industries have been built on the fou ndation of amate ur radio experimentation and activity. In an eHort to recog-

nize outstand ing amateurs and their

achievements, and help the public
appreciate the far-reaching and longstanding value of amateur rad io in our
society. we have established the CO
Amateur Radio Hall of Fame. Nominations for the 2012 "class" are now
open . Mem bers of the 20 11 "class"
were an nounced last May and
appeared in the July issue of CO.
The CO Amateur Radio Hall of Fam e
honors those whose technical or other
accomplishments have helped propel
amateur radio forward , or whose
achievements in other areas of life have
helped improve ham radio's reputation
simply through association. Nominees
for the CO Amateur Radio Hall of Fame
will be judged on the basis of qualifying
in one of two broad areas: those individ uals-whether licensed amateurs or
not-who have made significant contributions to the amateur radio hobby; and
those radio amateurs who have made
significant contribu tions to society in
gene ral. Nom inees must ha ve made
significan t contribu tions of nationwide
or worldwide impact.
In orderto be consistent with the nomina tion deadline for the CO Contest and
OX Halls of Fame, the nomination deadline for the CO Amateur Radio Hall of
Fame is March t . Nominations received
after that date will be considered for
future selection. Nominations for the
Amateur Radio Hall of Fame may be
www.cq-amate ur-radio.com

made by clubs, organizations , or individuals. State your candidate's name,

where to contact him/her if still living, for
which category you are nominating
him/her, and a brief one- to two-paragraph description of this person's
accomplishments. Please include your
name and contact information as well .
E-mail to enan-ot-tame ecq-amateu rradio.como or mail to CO Amat eur
Radi o Hall of Fame, 25 Ne wbridge Rd.,
Hicksville, NY 11801 . The official nom ination form is on the CO we bsite
-ewww.cq-amateur-radio.com . If you
feel someone has earned this recognition, please submit a nomina tion .
Please don', assume that someone
else will nominate the person you may
have in mind .
We will announce this year's selections at the Dayton Hamvention in
May 2012. Please help us recognize
these "ham radio heroes- whose contributions have helped shape our
hobby, our nation , or our world .

CO OX and Contest
Halls of Fame
Nominations for the CO OX Hall of Fame
and the CO Contest Hall of Fame recognize those amateurs who have made
major contributions to OXing and contesting, respectively. The activities and
accompl ishments that qualify one for
membersh ip in these elite groups
involve considerable personal sacrifice
and can usually be described by the
phrase "above and beyond the call of
duty: Nominations for the Contest and
OX Hall s of Fame are made by contesting or OX clubs or national organizations, and must be submitted by
March 1 of each year to be considered.
A maximum of two (2) people may be
inducted into each hall of fame (OX and
contest) each year. Nominations for the
CO Contest and OX Halls 01 Fame
should be directed to Bob Cox, K3EST,
clo CO Communications lnc., 25
Newbridge Rd. Hicksville, NY 11801 ;
or via e- mail to ekaestetcqww.corr.
January 2012 CO

55

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Commentary: The Battle for

Hearts, Minds and Logic?
h. California. sometimes referred to as "the
land of fruits and nuts: It's home to some
33 million people-e-includinq me-c-and
about 98,500 of my fellow reside nts in America's
most populous stale are amateur radio licensees.
Overthe last several months.there's been a very
curious (to me, anyway) battle being fought in
some comers of the Golden State, and I understand in some other areas of the country, about
utility companies using wireless technology to
gather meter readings.
Now in the interest of full disclosure. I do work
for a utility. which is how I came upon the material in this essay, but listen up: What's happening
"out there" could affect your ability to operate amateur radio equipment.
Utilities around the world, including natural gas,
water, and electrical service providers, are converting their meter-reading operations to more efficient methods of gathering customer usage. In the
old days, manual entries were made in reading
books by workers making their rounds and transposed into billing data by back-office personnel.
With the computer age came electronic data entry
devices, essentially hand-held units used by field
personnel to record meter readings which are
downloaded back at the home base.
More recently, Automated Meter Reading and
Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMR and AMI )
have come along. AMR and AM I units transmit their
data via radio. AMR units electron ically record
metered use, and when queried by a hand-held or
drive-by unit, convey their usage data to a collection device by radio. AMI units send their data, usually a few times an hour along what's called a "mesh
network," passing data from device to device until
it reaches a collection point that then forwards the
data via the internet or phone links to headquarters,
where the information is applied to customer
accounts. Mesh networks are self-forming and in
case a unit fails, selfhealing. They can also report
that a unit in that network has gone down.
The main benefit of AMR and AMI is efficiency,
in that meter readers can cover more ground or in
the case of AMI, not have to read a route at all, as
the data is automatically forwarded. In some
cases, this allows those personnel to be used for
other functions, and yes in some cases it may
mean fewer jobs available to meter-readers. In
areas where severe winter weather occurs, the
radio-read devices are valuable, saving personnel
from the hazards of digging out the data and/or driving dangerous routes. However, there are benefits to the customer as well. If an abnormally high
usage surfaces, such as a broken water line or a
failed washing machine hose, it can send an alert

"5904 Lake Line/ero Drive, Agoura Hills, CA 91301

e-mail: <aa6jr@cq-amateur-radio.com>

56

co January 2012

An old-fashioned ~dumb~ electric meter that needs

to be read manually by a meter rea der.

to HQ, which can then contact the customer and

hopefully minimize losses and property damage.
Electrical utilities are taking things a step further
by implementing a "smart grid" concept where time
of use billing and interactivity between the meter
and certain appliances is being rolled out. Some
folks like that and some don't; others have tried to
politicize the practice, but adoption of the "smart
grid" system crosses party lines and presidential
administrations.
Now the purpose of this tome is not to sing the
praises of your local utility or debate the political
points of a "smart grid." I'll let other folks conduct
those discussions.
There are a number of different brands of AMA
and AMI units already in use. You may have one
or more already in use at your home or business.
Electric utility AMA and AMI units usually are
embedded in the meter and draw from the power
available from the utility. Gas and water AMR and
AMI units are usually battery powered, with-get
this-an expected battery life of ten years or more.
They usually connect to a meter with an electronic register and may be attached to the meter by a
wire, but they can also be embedded in the meter
as a single unit.
Manyof the units transmit theirdata in the low end
of the 900-MHz band. AM Rdata bursts are sentonly
when the meter is queried; the AMR data stream
can be up to three seconds long. AMI transmissions
usually are a fraction of a second, typically two or
three times per hour. Notably, the units transmit at
about 250 milliwans, or for lay persons one quarter
of a watt. Remember that figure. Mostunits encrypt
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the data. which usually contains just the usage and a meter
number. All AM RlAMI units must comply with FCC regulations.
The low power output is also a factor in achieving the projected ten-year battery life of a unit.

Prolest!
Several months ago, Pacific Gas & Electric rolled out its
"smart meter" program in California. At the same lime. it
rai sed rate s. Follow ing that. customers began to associate
the two actions. In some minds. a smart meter meant your
bill would increase . This seems to have ignited a brush fire
(always a dangerous thing in California) that has seen the
demonization of wireless meter technology. If you do an
internet search on "smart meters.tyou will come across some
pretty amazing material, and most of it is, uh, balderdash.
One of the more frequent contentions is the citation of a
Wortd Health Organization study on cell-phone usage. Never
mind that when a cell phone is used it is too-percent duty
cycle, held directly against your head, and while power levels
may vary in newer phones, it's not out of the question that their
output exceeds 300 milliwatts. And, oh yes, the well-publicized
cell-phone studies have been pretty much inconclusive.
Also out of the World Health Organization came another
claim that all radio signals should be classified as a "class 26
carcinoqen." You can look it up. That item is frequently quoted by those opposed to AMRlAMI. What most detractors fail
to include is that Class 26 is the lowest of those classifications,
referring to something that contains items that might. possibly
have a link to the development of cancer, but not enough is
known to make a direct correlation. By the way, other items on
the class 2B list include pickled vegetables and coffee.
This material and more has resulted in lines of individuals
www.c q amateur radlo.com

spouting these reports at public meetings. Utilities, and in

some cases members of the IEEE, have been trying to combat the fear (and in some cases hysteria) with facts, but in
these charged venues the factual data is usually shouted
down. (See IEEE Spectrum, August 2011; Scientific
American, August 2011.)
People in some surprisingly upscale communities, where
you think folks might be better educated, have said some pretty amazing things. No one seems to grasp the illogic that a
250-miUiwatt signal on 918 MHz transmitted for one eigth of
a second is somehow going to be the end of civilization. Never
mind they walked through an automatic door operated by
Doppler radar and used a wireless microphone to make their
thoughts known at a public meeting in a room where there
were dozens of cell phones and Wi-Fi signals present.
Certain folks are now even declaring that they "have a constitutional righr to be free from radio signals. Others claim
that regardless of their cell phones, baby monitors, cordless
phones (some on 900 MHz or above), microwave ovens.
garage-door openers, remote-eontrol video games, in-horne
WiFi and remote car door lock key-fob. that a 918-MHz l /4watt signal is somehow going to affect their lives in its own
unique way. Others claim that when they use their cell phone
it's "their" choice, but the logic breaks down when you press
them by asking, "Does that mean you can use your cell phone
when you choose, but are you also saying you have the right
to tell me I cannot use my cell phone in your presence?"
While listening to some of these claims, it occurred to me
that a ham radio operator could move in next door to many of
these folks and legally transmit with 25, 50, 100 watts or more
on any number of frequencies above or below 900 MHz and
stay within the FCC's power density limitations. Then I began
January 2012 CO

57

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oops...
Well , this is a new one ... correcting someone else's mistake!
(Normally, we have enough 01 our own 10 worry about!) In the
November issue in the photo on page 20 of the "Morse Coded
Jewelry," wh ile the word "friend" is spelled correctly in Morse cede
on the necklace. the leiter "e" is missing from lhe code message on
the accompanying caret Thanks to all of our eagle-eyed CW read
ers lor catching the effOl'. (I thought CW was supposed to be an aura!
Ianguagel-W2VU) Several readers also asked for orc\ering infor
matiOn. The website is <http://coattonline.comftew-e1ry.html>.
Also in the November issue, we had a mixup in the callsign of
author Dain Lones ("BuildIng a 19305 Transmitter in 20111 . His call
is KC6WZK, not WCK . Our apologies.
Also. author Gary Geissinger, WAOSPM, informs us that
RadiOShack no longer sells the isoIatiOfl transformer he used in his
project article "An tCOM to iPad Interlace" in our November
Technology Special. He says Digi-Key's part Ii Mn207-ND
(http://biU y!'vxEjkg) should be a good substltute(atthougtl he had no!
tested one at press time), and notes mat at least one seller on eBay
appears to have a stock of the original RadioShado; transformers,
under NEW AADIOSHACK 1;1 ISOlATION TRANSFORMER 2731374 (htlp:lIbil.ly/s 1tzOU). The usual caveats apply regard ing purchases from eBay vs. an established dealer.

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60

co January 201 2

This is an AMR (Automated Meter Reading) transponder for

a watermeter,/ttransmits usage data via radio when queried
by a meter reader walking or driving past.

to wonderhow might this uninformedhysteria affect ourhobby.

Indeed, some hams have already faced such concerns.
II can't be determined which arguments are insincere,
specifically the type where folks opposed to an idea throw anything and everything against the wall to see what sticks, or
maybe are just plain uninformed.What's apparent is that some
of it does stick, revealing people who sit on regulatory bodies
who don't have a clue as to the nature of radio waves .and in
some cases basic physics. Too often true experts are negated by uninformed speakers who put forth specious claims
unsupported by any meaningful or reliable data.
To combat some of this, the California Council on Science
& Technology was commissioned by the state to study wireless meters. You can read its report at: -cwww.ccst.usznews/
2011/20 110111smart. php>. Sadly, its findings are casually
dismissed by many opponents, and are either not read or not
understood by local officials.
It's also apparent there's an outbreak of ignorance in certain areas of our society and it may be spreading. We now
have a full generation of people who extensively use technology with fewer and fewer of them aware of exactly what
makes their high-tech devices work. Bluetoath, anyone?
There's no clue among many of how rapidly signal strength
falls off as distance increases. There's no concept of the maqnitude of the RF frequency spectrum or any of its characteristics. Sadly, in some cases, to certain devices there are attached mystical properties that simply are just not possible,
yet are held as fervent beliefs.
It is understood how some folks can be opposed to certain
ideas or concepts. After all, we are entitled to our opinions.
Where things go ott-track is when disingenuous arguments
are made simply 10 achieve an end, with no thought given to
the consequences, or when opinions are formed based on
faulty data.
Today the wireless meter, tomorrow your ability to use your
cell phone, and the week after that perhaps your ability to operate your ham rig? Could it happen?
As this new year begins, one wonders if ignorance could
be the device that takes away the "Magic in The Sky"
73. Jeff. AA 6JR
Visit Our Web Site

01
0

Arkansas SKYWARN
Lessons in Social Graces:

:I:

'"

en
:I:

How One Em Co m m Organization is Embracing the

Web for the Greater Good

so

z~

he stampede of internet social networking

and streaming audio and video sues. and
increasingly re liable cell phone coverage,
offers radio amateurs two choices: Either jump on
for the ride or get trampled . Th is inconvenient
truth-to steal a phrase from both a documentary
and a former vice president-is no more evident
than in emergency communications.
'When all else fails. amateur radio,~ loses some
of its zing when all else doesn 't fail. That's happening more and more. It's a good thing. Better

TI
C

00

en

<D,

<0
<D

technologies and contingencies in the private

commercial sector are keeping cell and internet
systems in the game longer and better. even when
disaster strikes.
Does this minimize the need lor amateur radi o's
EmComm readiness? Absolutely not. If anything,
it underscores the need for hams to stay in that
discomfort zone, fight complacency, and be
tra ined and ready when ---not il-all other emergency communications go kablooey.
Here's one organization that has recognized the
internet's social network ing and live streaming
value and is using it to strengthen amateur radio's
position as the best , most reliable and efficient
emergency communica to rs on the planet. It's
Arkansa s SKYWAR N.
A loving embrace of new technologies and
communications channels by this forward-looking
organization is making a solid organization of
radio amateurs even better and provides a lesson
for us all.

And So It Began . .
Danny Straessfe. KE5WLR, reports from Little
Rock that during its September 2011 tra ining net
se ssion, -Arkansas SKYWARN announced an
expanded Internet presence for the organization:
The organization has recognized the value of
the Web and social media and , as you'll see, is
jumping in with both feet.
"Through a combination of traditional internet
resources and the newer social media utilities," he
said, "Arkansas SKYWARN@ is providi ng an
opportunity for certified am ateur radio sto rm spotters to interact off-air in a non-net environment."

On the Web
-Arkansas SKYWARN is in the process 01 building a new website that will serve as a resource for
'940 Wetherly Way, Riverside, CA 92506

e-maif: <k.i6snOcq-amateur-radio.com>
_

.c q-ama leur-radio.com

Photo A- Quick links to Arkansas SKYWARN'S@

Facebook, twmer, and live RadioReference.com
streaming audio snes are lined-up across the bottom of the organization 's website: <http://www.
arkskywam.org> (Internet screen grab)
safe storm-spotting best practices and will exist as
the place where ... spotters in Arkansas can ref
erence training material throughout the year." (See
photo A. )
Straessle noted that "while severe weather can
occur during any month on the calendar, the new
website will be particularly useful tortraminq online
in the typical off-season. look for the new site to
come online before the 20 12 spring storms arrive."
For updates and additional information, check:
<http://www.arkskywam .org> .

On Facebook
A Facebook page designed lor certified amateur
radio operator storm spotte rs to share their
"severe weather event experiences, photos, and
videos" with others who are interested in storm
spotting, including non-amateur radio operators,
ha s been established by Arkansas SKYWARN,
as well (see photo B).
Straessle stressed the Facebook page "is not
intend ed for submitting stonn reports to the National Weather Service . It's a conversation about
storm spotting in which everyone is eager to hear
your story. Where did you deploy? What did you
see? What did you report or not report and why?"
J anuary 2012

CO

61

Photo B- A Facebook page has been

designed by Arkansas SKYWARN
for sooners to share their "se vere
weather event experiences, photos
and videos" with others who are interested in storm spoNing. See: <hNp :l1
www.fac eboo k .comla rkskywa rn> .
(Internet screen grab)

Arkansas SKYWARN
_ ' . . Or
..

1" "'1

_VCYW_ l w 'P.. _

SKYWARN

..
a-_
--.. _ .""'._t<rt..o..o.
_ _-_.
_0_--"" .
---

J'"

These and many other questions

"demand answers," Straessle writes .
"and your will ingness to share the experience will contribute to a body of knowledge that ultimately will benefit the train.l_T
...,..,
""...
. ..... tt'
.._
-"'It'.r ., . - .
_ .""
ing of others."
IIiI$ ~ Itodi: .... -..0' """"~ ..... ""'. _
..._ _ - . " .. - - . . ... _ "" _
... _ . SIPw ....... .
M
Everyone is invited to parti cipate in
weather discus sions, including events
~ to
_ . - . ....... _ . '"
th at happen outs ide th e state of
Arkansas," KE5WLR said . "Posts/topics
_
_ _e_ ..
are limited to weather. sto rm spo tting
....,..best practice s. the National Weather
Service-and all of the agency's prod_ vrc0., I _ _ o.-. ... ""_ .._ _ e- ......
dot '
. - ...-.
.... . . ='...... ""'
..
uct s-and amateur rad io. All off-topic
_=
i i ' l . . . . . . _ .......
'
....
251
I ..... _
posts will be deleted ."
By the way. a Facebook account is not
required to view these discussions. Visit
<http://www.facebook.comlarkskywarn> . and get in on the ac tivated by th e Nat ional Weather Servic e Little Rock
conversation, he commented.
Forecast Office . a Twitter feed has been established to
communicate such information off-air," Straessle said (see

.. ...

Twitter

pOOIO C)"

In response to a req uest from amateur radio operators who

"want to be not ified when Arkansas SKYWARN has been

"Both the Facebook fan page and the Twitter feed have
been linked so that end-users can also be not ified when the
conversation expands and new information has been posted,~ he added.
A Twitter account is not required to view the feed. "Follow
Arkansa s
SKYWARN
at
<http://www.twitter.coml
arkskywam> and find out how you . too. can be notif ied when
you don't have access to a radio or scanner," KE5WLR said .

Arkansas SKYWARN
~a rk. kyw a rn Lfllo Roek (;rNA
",*a1tJlU Sk'l'k;4RS I'0I.l1,., priority .......' M. tro/fiC 1o

GJtdfr-t rlw ,\'alioMl l1'1!'/l11wr 's''l:a Litlk Rad

_........- ..

f orraut (){f't l'I/l A./II/lI"'. Radio.

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SKYWARN"

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tb""' l~pV

Live Streaming Aud io Feed

For more than a year, amateur radio operators and the pubnc-at-jarpe have been able to monitor Arkansas SKYWAR N
via the internet through a live audio feed provided by the
Central Arkansa s Radio Emergency Net (CA REN Club) on
RadioReference . com (see <http://www.Radio Refere nce.
com> and photo D).
"The streaming audio feed meets a high demand for monitori ng Arkansas SKYWARNfrom those who cannot do so
at any given time with a receiver." KE5WLR said. "People
who spend most of their day in an office or are perhaps traveling outside Arkansa s for an extended period of time have
been able to monitor rapidly changing weather conditions by
liste ning to the net on their computers or smart phones
and other de vices." To listen live . visit: <http://Www.
arkskywam.orq.
When on the link, you'll be hearing the W 5DI repeater in
Little Rock on 146.940 MHz.

Photo C- Hams who "want to be notified when Arkansas

SKYWA RN@ has been activated by the National Weather
Service Little Rock Forecast Office, ~ are invited to sign up for
a Twitter feed . . . i o communicate such information off-air, ~
KE5WLR sa id. Visit: <http://www.twitter.comlarkskywam>.
(Internet screen grab)

62 co

January 2012

Arkansas SKYWARN "s@ Word to the Wise

"These expanded Internet presence and social media interactive opportunities are designed only to supplement the
training mission of Arkansas SKYWARN," the organization
warns, "and should not be relied upon as a replacement tor
monitoring amateur radio frequencies and NOAA Weather
Visit Our Web Site

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from N6 T
Many fine books will tell you how
to become a Radio Amateur, but
precious few wHi tell you w hy. TIU?
Opus ojA mateur Radio Know ledge
and Lore Is a trib ut e to the passion
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Radio. Stations with reportable criteria
should pass traffic directly to an Arkansas SKYWARN net control operator
or th e National Weather Service."

The Foundation on
Which They Build
By way of history, the Arkansas Weather
Net was incorporated as a non-profit
amateur radio organization in the late
1960s 10 "provide real-time field reports
to the National Weather Service in Little
Rock (then located at Adams Field) during significant weather events.
"Nets were cond ucted over what was
then the new a-mete r FM repeater ope rating on 146 .940 MHz, constructed by
the Central Arkansas Radio Emergency

Net (CAREN Club) ," the organization

explained.

MA few years later, in the early 19705,

the NWS rolled out its official SKYWAAN program, which collects field
reports from volunteer weather spotters
to aid forecasters in issuing and verifying severe weather watche s and warnings: Arkansas SKYWARN reported.
~ It was then (that the) Arkansas Weather
Net began operating under the trade
na me of Arkansas SKYWARN: and is
sponsored by Arkansas Weather Net,

www.c q-ama teur-radl o.com

lnc., and operated under the authority of

the Nation al Weather Service:
When severe weather threatens, the
NW S is the sale authority for making a
de termination as to whether Arkansas
SKYWARN is activated.
( IN DEPTH: For complete informa tion about SKYWA RN@ and how to
become a severe weather spotter, visit:
<http://skywam.org/>.-ed.)

Share Your Group's Innovative

Ideas w ith CO Readers
Is your group or organization using
social networking, the Internet or cell
phone technologies to enhance emergency communications or training?
We'd like to hear from you .
Please drop an email to: <ki6sn @cqamate ur radlo.com>. or wri te to :
Rich ard Fish er , KJ 6SN , CO Public
Service, CQ Communications, Inc., 25
Newb ridge Rd., Hic ksville, NY 11801.
We 'lI share your innovative ideas and
initiatives with other CQ readers.

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January 2012 CO

63

...

_._~

_.-

e:-"

-._,'.'-_-_
......... __'

, .... ~IOI ... _

......

- --- - __

__

Photo D- Arkansas SKYWARN 'S@streamingaudiofeed "meetsahighdemand

for monitoring . . . from those who cannot do so at any given time with a receiver, " KE5WLR said. To hear the W5DI Little Rock 146.940 MHz repeater, visit:
<http://www.arksky wam. org>. (Internet screen grab)

munications support during the Occoneechee Speedway's Fifth Annual

Car Show and Racers' Reunion in
November 2011 at Hillsborough, North
Carolina.
"This was the second year in which
(OC RA) had a presence there. which
features 50 years' worth of classic automobiles and race cars." writes Woody
Woodward , K3VSA. "Some came com-

plete with their original vintage race drivers. Once again , Lad Carrington,
W40RD, led the group providing emergencycommunication and representing
amateur radio at the event." (See photos E and F.)
The OCConeechee Speedway at
Hillsborough "dates back to the 1948
inauguration of NASCAR and is the last
rema ining of the famous Southern her-

Photo E- Lad Carrington, W40RD, gives a short tutorial on

amateur radio to Miss Occoneechee/Orange Speedway 20 11
Michelle Montgomery during the Fifth Annual Car Show and
Racers ' Reunion in November 201 1. (Courtesy of K3VSA)

64 ca ..

January 2012

itage 'dirt tracks," Woodward said. ( IN

DEPTH: For more information about
the history of Occoneechee Speedway
at Hillsborough, visit: <http://www.
historicspeedwaygroup.org!>.-ed.)
'W40RD manned a booth promoting
ham radio and provid ing emergency
communication
support
through
OCRA's W4UNC 442.150-MHz repeater. Other OCRA members and
associates who assisted or attended
included: Dee Ramm, KU4GC ; Kar1
Bamm. N1XPB; Lenore Ramm ,
KF4PAB ; Vic Merryman, K(JOUX ;
Dewey Thompson, WA4AHR; me; and
my daughter, Michaela," K3VSA said.
(For more information about OCRA,
visit: <http://ncocra.org/> .-ed. )
"Fortunately for all concerned, no
emergencies occurred, so our participation consisted of being prepared for
action and showing the flag for amateur
radio ," Woodward said .
( WA TCH: A video of what Oeconeecnee Speedway looks like today
and to hearreminiscences of those who
were there in its heyday: <http://bit.fy/
sjRbHM >.--ed.)
For this month. 73, Richard, KI6SN

Photo F- Paint and chrome from a classic 1955 Chevrolet

gleam in the sunshine at the 20 11 Occoneechee Speedway
Fifth Annual Car Show and Racers ' Reunion, where seven
members of Orange County Rad io Amateurs provided
communications support. (Courtesy of K3VSA)

Vis It Our Web Site

Safety in the Ham Shack

,

,.,'"-<
()

:r

0
>
,.,
}>

his month we are going to locus on safety

z
,0

aspects in and around the radio shack.

has a dark side. It relies on electricity .. . and elecSafety should be a primary concern for all ham

lIo...oo

radio operators. Today's gear primarily is transistorized, so the lethal voltages found in vintage vac-

uum-tube gear are no longer present (kilowatt lin-

ear amplifiers and restored boatanchor gear

notwithstanding). However, the unsuspecting ama-

teur radio operator can manage to get into trouble

in other ways that mayor may not be so obvious.

Antenna Safety
Scenar io #1: Antenna parties. We all want the
biggest and best antennas that we can afford so
our signals will reach farther. whether we are talking about HF wire and/or directional antennas or
VHFIUHF Yagis or loop antennas. Bigger and
higher are always better, as the old saying goes.
However, when it comes to antenna systems there
are several major safety areas we need to cover.
First is tailing objects! Hard hats are the order
of the day whether you are dealing with putting a
d ipole in a tree or erecting a tco-tccot tower with
big beams. You need head protection. Hard hats
are not expensive. and for S10 or $15 you literally can save your life should your head become the
target of a Iree-falling wrench or cordless drill dropping lro m a tall tower or an errant branch ta iling
tro m a tall tree . Eve n from 30 feet, that same
wre nch/drill will hurt like heck and definitely leave
a divot in your skull. As some guy named Newton
(actually he is a distant cousin of m ine!) tells us,
things accelerate when fa lling at a rate of 32 feet
per second squared . Obviously, the taller the
structure, the more velocity this naughty missile
picks up on its way back to Terra Firma . If you happen to be in the glide path (?) , well. here's hoping
you have a real good medical insurance plan!
The second safety area we need to explore
regarding antennas is the proximity of power lines.
Every year hams and CBers get killed when the
antenna that they are manhandling into place suddenly gets away from them and yaws into a nearby power line. My sage words of advice : Stay as
far away as possible from power lines on your
property whether they be on power poles or the
drop from the "pole-piq" to your house. Keep clear!
Period! Should you have no other choice than to
erect in an area where your antenna and support
structure are in close proximity to power lines, use
experienced hams to help you. Extra hands, eyes,
and in-depth experience are well worth the eftort.
Ensure that your installation will not topple into
the power lines by guying with Dacron cord o r

"770 WiJliam St. SEt Dacula, GA 30019

e-msn: <k l sz@ live.com>
_

.cq-amaleur-radio.com

::J
><
"'" ::J

While we love our hobby and enjoy many

hours of pleasure talking around the world. building equipment and erecting antennas, ham radio
tricity can kill you!

<D

some other non-conductive guy medium. Above

all, be careful!Close coordination between ground
crew and the antenna installers is paramount! on,
yeah ... don't forget your hard hat!
Finally, gloves. Get a good pair of work gloves
and wear them! Not only will gloves keep your
hands from getting chewed upwhen handling rope
or guy wires, they also will enhance your grip on
tools and tower sections. Don't erect antennas
without gloves!
Scenario #2 : Station ground . Wow! There have
been volumes written regarding how to property
ground and bond e lectronic communications
equipment starting with the US military and its
"MIL-STD-188 124B, Grounding, Bonding and
Shielding~ series of regulations. First of all , unless
your home was constructed recently, the simple
fact is you may nothave a good AC service ground
on your electric service where the d rop from the
"pote-piq" enters your home .
We moved into a 20-year old home in Dacula,
Georgia a little over three years ago. Upo n inspecting the electrical service, I found that the service ground was not even connected to the drop!
Effectively my house was isolated from earth
ground, which meant that none of my equipment
was "grounded~via the center pin on the wall outlets! Now before you fire up the e-mail, I know that
the ground pin on an AC receptacle is not the place
to depend upon for proper grounding of radio gear.
That takes a whole separate ground buss that can
get Quite interesting . The Devil is in the details, as
they say.
Providing an adequate station ground for your
gear can be an exercise in leaming. For instance.
true or false: Ground braid makes a good lowresistance path when used as part of the station
ground? Fa/se! Due to the way the braid is constructed, braid does notofter a low-resistance path
and is a very poor means to ensure your gear is
grounded .
A better method is through the use of copper strap
or flashing (3-4 inches wide) available at hemeimprovement stores, ham retailers , o r overthe internel. We'll discuss this a bit later on in this column .
All of your gear should be connected to the
same point in the shack which will be attached to

<

<D

January 2012 CO

65

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66 co

January 2012

a series of ground rod s outside the

shack to maximize the effects of a
ground system. This sounds like a lot of
work, and it its. One of the first things I
did on my AC service ground was to pull
out the old 4-foot ground rod (not with
in electrical code) and pound in an 8
foot ground rod with the proper d amp
on the top end to secure a piece of #4
AWG (that's pretty big!) which was then
connected to the AC service. Now, at
least. the house was -ground ed,- but
the gear was not. Stick with me, as it
gets bener.
Unfortunately, my shack is laid out in
a fashion that does not lend itself well to
adding a groun d to the gear without traveling about 15 feet from the gear to the
front garden . Along the side of the ho use
where my shack sits is a slab of concrete,
so it is not possible to implant a series of
ground rod s with acce ss through a nearby window. In order to do this correctly,
I have to pound the ground rods in the
front garden , interconnect them with
coppe r strap, and then route the ground
buss into the shack through the wall of
the shack. Unfortunately there is no window or door handy. which means I will
have to punch a hole in the siding and
run the ground buss from the series of
ground rods in the front garden into the
shack and over to the ops bench. This
will make a total ground run of about
15--20 feet. This is a lot longer than I'd
like, but in order to do this grounding and
bonding thing properly that is the way
things shake out.
As far as the ground rods and connecting them together to form a bu ss,
that is fairly straightforward. One 8-foot
ground rod is not enough . However,
severala-toot copper-clad steel ground
rods driven in full-length and connected together us ing J-4-inch wide copper
strap will provide adequate protection
for your gear. The most cost-effective
spacing between rod s for normal
(grassy) soil is two times the length of
a rod . If a-teet ground rods are used.
they should be placed on te-rcct centers and connected using 3- or 4- inch
wide copper strap.
Will it withstand a direct lightning hit?
Probably not. However, combining the
bonded ground rods with gas-discharge
lightning arrestors on your coaxial cables
will give your gear a good chance at withstanding a close hit. Why not use fuses?
Simple: Fuses are too slow to react to the
extremely short electrical pulse of a light
ning strike. The fact is, the fuse just won't
blow quickly enough and will allow the
electrica l pulse through to your equipment-definitely not a good thing. Gasdischarge lightning arrestors attached to

each coaxial line will quickly bleed off the

incoming spike of elect ricity and protect
your gear, OX Engineering (http://www.
d xe ng i nee r tn g . com /d e f a u I 1. asp ?
DepIID= 19) and Alpha Della (httpJI
www.alphadehacom.coml) have exactly
what you need to keep your gear safe
and your shack property grounded . A
great t t-paqe PDF document is available (http://home.comcast.netl- wx2nj/
PEN1016.pdf) that explains quite clearly what steps need to be taken to implement a good station ground that will offer
the maximum protection to your gear and
shack. At one time, PolyPhaser also published a book that outlined how to
deal with ligh tning (The Grounds for
Lighting Protection, but irs not clear from
its website whe ther the book is still
available.-ed.).
One final thought Do your own
research . Bonding and grounding depe nds upon many variables: soil conductivity in your area , materials used ,
local weather patterns, etc. Obtaining
and maintaining a good station ground
is an ongoing task. Once things are in
the ground , they will sta rt to deteriorate.
Some well-designed installations will
last many years, wh ile others will last
only a couple of years. all thanks to the
various minerals, acids. and bases that
are in the soil. Therefore , keeping on top
of your station ground to assure maximum protection for your shack and gear
is essential.
Furth er reading includes the threepa rt series entitled "Lightning Protection for the Amateur Station" by Ron
Block, KB2UYT, and which appeared in
the June , July, and Augu st 2002 issues
of OST. Additional information on light
ning protection and the ham shack can
be fou nd at: <http://www.arrl.orgl
lightning-protection>.

Safety in the Shack

Finally, we need to cover safe work
practices in the shack. I do a lot of homebrewing and kit building and I am constantly at the workbench, soldering iron
in hand. Over the years I have trained
myself to conscientiously tum off the
soldering iron whenever I get up from
the bench , even for a few moments. The
iron. a nice Weller WES-5 1 soldering
station, can reach operating tempe ra ture quite quickly, so to prevent having
a fire start on the wo rkbench in the
shack , I turn my iron off every time I
leave the workbe nch area .
Speaking of fires, you do have a small
CO 2 lire extinguishe r in your shack ,
right? No? Well , don't let fear hold you
back! Get one in the re pronto. How about
a master power disconnect switch? You
Visil Our We b S lle

know, the type where you hit one big button or toggle sw itch and it shuts down
the entire station. Yeah, I don't either, but
it is on my "to do" list and there will be
one installed post-haste. How about an
intercom so you can communicate with
someone else in the house should you
need immediate assistance? My intercom is part of our cordless phone system and I am glad we have it. My wife
Pat and I use it all the time .
Since working with homebrew gear
can get into the realm of metal w ork, how
about looking over your metal shop tool s
and seeing that they are securely mounted, power cords in good condition, safety goggles handy (nothing like a small bit
01 aluminum lIying into your eye when
drilling or polishing a chassis-not!)?
Do you use a standard AC power supply to provide power for your station, or
are you like me and depend upon a huge
deep-cycle batte ry to power your radi os?
I got away from AC supplies a few years
ago, deciding to use a big deep-cycle
marine dual-duty (wha tever that meansl)
battery by O pti ma. It is the Blue Top,
rated at 55 AlHrwith a 750-A cold cranking capacity. I used a "sma rt" charger on
this battery fo r several years up until the
lightning strike that took out the charger
last summer! It also almost drained the
Optima battery, but thankfully I was able

to disconnect things be fore the battery

was ruined. Should you use a battery to
power your station, I highly recommend
a sealed deep-cycle battery. The reason
is that there is no chance of coming in
contact with either the sulfuric acid electrolyte or the hydrogen (spelled ~ EX P Lo
SIVE"!) gases given off during recharging of lead-acid batteries. If you use
wet-cell batteries of the type that you can
open the individual cells, I strongly recommend that they be placed in a special
batte ry box outside the shack and the
output run into the shack via #4 AWG or
large r bus wiring . This will red uce or
totally eliminate the chance of a stray
spark setting off hydrogen gases vented
from a recharged battery.
Well , that's a wrap for this column,
gang. I cannot over-stress the idea of
taking the safety side of ham radio senously. The "it'll never happen to me" attitude is an accident waiting to happen.
Be safe , be alert, but above all , do yo u
r own re search and come up with worka ble sol utions to the vario us safe ly
issues at your own shack.
Next month, me thi nks, we'll d iscuss
keys. You know ... those things that
you use to make dots and dashes!
Until next time . have fun and get on
the radio!
Vy 73 , Rich K7SZ

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our readers say

Useless Machi ne
The tollowing le tter was directed to
Notebook ~ editor Wayne Yoshida,
KH6WZ, who wrote about a "usetess
mecnme" in his September column:

-nem

Dear Wayne,
I read your article last week, and yesterday I went to a British Car show in
Norcross, Georgia (http J/Www.babg.orgl
BritishCarFayre.html). On top of a ~Mi ni
something~ was a brown box with a switch
sticking out the top. I was walking with a
neighbor ham and he hadn't seen the article . I immediately recognized what it was .
I looked around for the owner to ask permission to wo rk the switch . but he wasn't
near. So I told Mike what I thought it was
and couldn't resist operating the switch.
And guess what ? A little hand came our
01the bo x and turned the switch off. Sorry,
I didn't get a photo.
73, Norm Scnklar, W A4ZXV

KH6WZ responds:
Greetings Norm,
I am glad you liked that article . When
I saw the thing, I had to laugh out loud .
Actually, "'u n~ boxes like this have been
around for a very long time . One config-

_w.cq-amateur-rad io .co m

uration was an artful wooden box called

a "nasty box ,~ and when someone opened
the box, a snap-action lever would slap
your hand/fingers when you opened it.
When I took junior high school electric
shop (sadly, shop classes in junior and
high schools out here have gone away
years ago). a friend and I were always
accused of ~k nowi ng more about electronics than the teacher." (Our metal shop
teacher doubled as the electric shop
teacher back then .)
Anyway, one class project was ' electro-magnet." Well, we wanted to show off,
and we made "step-up transformer"
instead . The secondary winding terminated into the handle used to hold the
electromagnet, and so whenever the contacts were pressed, people would get a
little tingle . Fun times. 73.

Ted McElroy 's Call Sign?

Editor. CO:
Reading the October issue of CO and
reading the part about W1JYN getting a
license issued in 19361t937 made me go
look it up. I have a 1939/1940 issue ot the
Gal/book. ... It has a map of the call districts, W1 to W9. NO ZER Os back then .
lt lists no W1JYN - Ted McElroy - just
not there. Blank.

;~

_
It lists the follOWing:
W 1JYl - James H.J . Herrington - 38 1
Capital Av . - Hartford , Co nn.
W1JYM - Orner A. Lizotte - 1543 Slade
SI. - Fall River, Mass.
W 1JYO M.A. Mackay - 234 W. Newton
81. - Boston, Mass
W 1JYQ - G.W. Whitney - 30 Pellom PI.
- Stamford, Conn .
This is my third time read ing this issue.
Who knows why this is blank. But thanks
for the great magazine. I also read World
Radio on the web .
Thomas E Herold , N9BUL
W2VU responds:
T hanks for the interesting note,
Thomas. There are several internet references to McEl roy with the call sign
W 1JYN, focusing on the 1936 listing. At
this point tn nme. we do not know how long
his license was active. or whe ther perhaps the early Gal/books did not include
all listings. or with held listings at a
licensee's request.

Techno logy Special

Editor. CO:
Tech issue of CO (November 2011 ) is
totally
excellent.
Congratulations.
73, John Thompson, K3MD
January 2012

CO

67

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"An Open and Shut Case"

here are many kits that are provided at a very
low cost to the builder, but the bargain is often
due to there not being a supplied case for the
finished board. A number of great ca ses that ca n

accommodate most kits are avai lable from many

sources at a reasonable cost. There are a large

number of smaller kits that are designed10 fit inside
a standard AltoidS or similar mint tin. Thus. save
your mint tins for some great and low-eost cases!
I have found a great source for cases is the hamfest flea market. In addition to unbuilt kits, I have
found many unused project boxes 01 all kinds for
sate for very little.
When choosing a case , look for one that ca n
easily accommodate the project. including all of
the jacks, controls. and other components. Unless
the project is designed for a specific case, such as

an AltoidS tin, try to use a case bigger than needed in case you want to make additions or modifications. Mint tins require special care when drilling
holes in them.There is a varietyof methods, including using various metal punches or carefully
drilling, using a small block of wood behind the surface to prevent tearing of the thin metal case.
Last month I featured a QRSS beacon kit by
Hans Summers, GOUPL, and Steve Farthing,
GOXAR. This kit can fit inside a mint tin, but I found
old Bud box, which is large enough to hold two of
these kits, at a hamfest flea market and I chose
that. Since I got both the 30- and 40-meler versions of the same kit. I can place both in the case
at the same time and provide for switches to activate one or the other. or both if desired. There is
also room to accommodatea receiver board above
7133 Yosemite Drive. Lincoln, NE 68507
e-mail: <kOneb@cq-amateur-radio.com>

Base view of the QRSS Beacon kit mounted in a

Bud box.

68 ca January 2012

the two transmitters if needed. On the bottom there

are screw heads that protrude from the bottom of
the case. To prevent scratching of the table surface, I used stick-on rubber feet. You often can find
sheets of self-stick rubber feet at hamfests or at
most RadioShack stores. Just make sure they
are thick enough to allow for sufficient space
undemeath your case for the screw heads to stay
above the surface.
In my QRSS kit case you see a BNG back-panel
connector. I often find BNG panel jacks and SO239 panel jacks for sale at hamfests. I store them
in a parts bin so they are available when I am finishing my kits. I try to keep an assortment of RF
panel connectors, switches, and other jacks on
hand. In this kit I also placed a ' /s-inch jack on the
back so that I can hear the output audio from the
kit to monitor the keying. The audio output from
the QRSS beacon is quite loud, so I do not leave
a speaker plugged in all of the time. but it is good
to have the output available to listen to without having to open the case.
Another modification I made was that I replaced
the hard-wired speed-selection jumpers with a
small DIP switch so I can make changes to the
speed of the beacon merely by changing the DIP
switch settings instead of hard-wiri ng jumpers.
Since there are only three jumpers, the fourth
switch is not used.
An inleresting note: When showing this kit, I have
been asked why I didn't place the LED on the front
panel, since normally you would want it to be visible. The LE D in this kit is being used for its properties as a low-variability varactor to create the
approximately 5-Hz frequency shift and so was
chosen as a component over a much more expensive varactor diode. Because it is used as an oscillator component, it doesn't have enough current
flowing through it to light up. so it just resides on
the board. never to be lit! This, of course, doesn't
preclude my placing indicator LEOs on the front
panel in the future to indicate which of the two beacons is in use.
The power-supply requirement of this kit is 5
VDC. Since I almost always try to be standard in
using 12 VDC for my power supply, I added a 7805
regulator to my case, using the case itself as the
heatsink. The cost of adding the 7805 regulator
was minimal, including the two electrolytic capacitors needed to use a 7805. I used the simple diagram on the 7805 datasheet for my regulator circuit. Now my kit runs on any DG voltage from 5
VOG up to 15 VOG. This also helps keep the oscillator stable.
I have found that using a small length of RG- 174
coax works great for the RF connections from my
kits to the output jacks. If the jack is close enough
to the board, less than an inch or so, I use just a
straight wire. Look for some RG-1 74 at hamfest flea
markets. With kits a little goes a long way, so get a
few feet of RG174 coax to keepon hand. I also find
it hard to pass up a spool of hookup wire or enamVisit Our Web Site

eled wire . Having multiple colors and

sizes of wire is handy as well when wiring
your kit into a case.
Drilling holes in the case can be easier with a small benchtop drill press. I
don't have one , but they can be very
handy. I often use a small Dremel too/
to drill the pilot holes, and then widen
them with a Unibit step drill bit in my
hand-held power drill. A Unibit allows
you to stead ily increase the hole size
until the desired size is reached with
very little bu rring along the outside.
Check your hardware store for the

Unibit #10502 set of three bits or any of

the ind ividual bits. Harbor Freight also
carries step-dun bits and often has a set
of three of them on sale. The three-bit
set is available as Harbor Freight
#91616 and is available at <http://
www.harborfrieght.com> .

Zap!
With the cold weather season at hand
it is time to talk a bit about electro-static discharge, or ESD. Many kits have
CMOS or other components that are

static-sensitive. That annoying "zap" of

static electricity that is so common in
winter ca n be deadly to your kits and
projects.
Normally, I use a metal cookie sheet
to cover my work surface to keep small
parts from falling into cracks in the
bench or rolling off the work surface. It
also doubles as a connecting point for
my ESO strap. I also ground the coo kie sheet through a 1-Meg resistor, as
well as connect my ESO strap to it when
working with static-sensitive parts. ESO
straps have a 1-Meg resistor in them to
prevent the wearer from stray voltages
in case the strap co mes in contact with
them . The resistor is high enough for
safety, while allowing the discharge of
static charges. Static potentials of as
low as 30 volts can cause permanent or
hidden damage to CMOS parts. You
can't feel that, but it can damage parts.
Therefore, especially when indoor
humidity is low, or you are working with
CMOS parts, be sure to follow ESO precautions . Rad ioShack has a readily
available ESO strap as part #276-2397.
Enjoy the w inter months by spending
time on the bench building kits!
73 de Joe. KBNEB

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!"'SA

January 2012 CO

69

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5S in Your Shack:
11

One Way to Get Organized

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t is late OCtober as I write this installment of

"The Ham Notebook." The east coast is being
blasted by a "Nor'easter" heavy winter storm
and many businesses thereareclosed today. 1am
taking advantage of the mild southern Cal ifornia
weather and decided to start cleaning out my
garage (see photo 1).
I need to clear out my garage to make enough
room for my car, my workbench. and a kit car project. I am trying to apply the rules of "58" in my
garage and workspaces in my operating room.
This extraord inary amount of organizat ion will be
a challenge for me, since I organize things in
"pile s" and always have mu ltiple projects going at
the same time. Thi s may be related to my earliest
childhood days, when I would routinely use my
crayons to color things outside the lines.

" 5S" Defined

"SS" is a J apanese manufacturing optimization
philosophy. The five concepts of SS are Sort (Seiri.
28181 Rubicon Court. Laguna Niguel . CA 92677
irma il: <kh6wz Ocq-amateur-radio.rom>

pronounced "say-eerie"). Set in Order (Seiton.

"say-ton"), Shine (Seiso, "say-so"), Standard ize
(Seiketsu, "say-kat-sue"), and Susta in (Shitsuke,
"she-s hoo- kay"). These are th e most common
translat ions of the five concepts , but there are
some other tra nslations. For e xample. at my compan y, Set in Order is called Simplify, Shine is
Sweep (see photo 2).
55 is related to several other programs such as
Six Sigma, Lean. and other manufactu ring optimizat ion practices. It is a sy stem or a philosophy
o f organizing everything in order to recognize
when something is out of place. It is sort of an
extreme version of ha ving a place for everything ,
and everything in its place . A common example
of this organization is the "shadow board" for tool
storage, like what we had in school shop class.
Each and every 1001 had a matching icon in the
wall cabinet. so if any item was missing, it was
immediately noticed.
1. Sort : "Sort" is Ihe first 58 step, and it is
exactly what it sounds like. The most-often used
items should be sto red or arrang ed so they
are close at hand to maxim ize efficiency. For
example, my soldering station includes an iron

Photo 1-1 really need to clean up my garage and get things organized so I will be able to work more
efficiently on my new projects. The 55 rules are needed here.

70

co January 2012

Vi sit Ou r Web Site

55 Overview
The SS's-definitlons

...,

S implify

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Standard ize

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Photo 2- There may be some slight variations in the English

translation for the 55 concepts, but they are pretty much the
same, action-wise.

Photo 4- An organized and labeled cabinet is an example

of "Sustain." Here production test fixtures are in labeled
drawers.

Photo 3- These plastic silverware trays are an example of

"set in order." Small hand tools are placed in compartments,
rather than j umbled into a single tray. An even better solution would be to ha ve each tool fit into its own cut-out
within the tray.
tip cleaner, a roll of solder, and solder wick all clustered
together in one location .
2. Set: "Set" is the second step in this process. After sorting through your items, you need a place to put them and
keep them in order. As mentioned previously I a shadow board
for tools is a very common he lper for this step. In photo 3
you can see the 99-eent pla stic silverware trays to organize
my rolling cabinet drawers. La bels help organize storage
boxes and containers. They also help identify the locations
for each storage box to simplify puttinq the item back into its
correct place.
3. Shine: "Shine" is a way to remember that you must main-

www.cq-amate ur-radio.com

ta in your equipment and tools. It sho uld includ e making sure

measuring instruments are kept in calibration.
4. Standard ize: "Standardize" p rocedures and policies to
make th ings easy to maintain and operate. This may not be
too impo rtant when working in a one-pe rson en vironment
such as your ham station, but think about what can happen
to things when you decide to ope rate a contest with multiple
operators . Knowing what goes where and establish ing a rule
that includes pun ing things away where they belong (not
where they we re found) wi ll reduce stress while working stations under pile -up pressure .
5. Su stain : "Sustain" is probably the ha rdest part of the 5 S
philosophy . It is fa irly easy to do a mass ive cleaning and orga nizing effort once, but what happens a week, a month, or a
year from that point? This process must be continuous and
onqomq .
The quality department at the office has been doing th is
55 and lean stuff for several years and even conducts audits
for this practice (among other things) on a regular schedule.
Photos 4 and 5 show an example of a 55 technique in action
in our test fixture storage area. Notice how labels are everywhere. Eac h item is labeled, its co rresponding storage box
is labeled , and even the location of the storage box is labeled.
This organ ization syste m makes a lot of sense in a manufactu ring environment, and jf you think about this, it can be
applied to just about everything you do around the office, your
house, and even your ham station.

A Nice Rac k
I purchased a Broder rack system from Ikea for storing large
items and storage containers. Broder is a modular support
and shelf system and can be expand ed as the need arises.
The galvan ized steel supports and shelving are strong
enough to ca rry "heavy tires and bags of cement" and should
be corrosion-proof. I wanted a shelving system that would be

Ja nuary 2012 CO

71

mounted on the wall. rather than sitting on the floor, for two
reasons: First, I wanted to avoid getting anything wet in case
of a flood, and second. I wanted my garage shop to accommodate my iRobot Dirt Dog floor sweeper (see photo 6).
Sadly, the Dirt Dog has been discontinued, although other
vacuuming-type models are available.

Sma ll Parts Storage

Photo 7 shows how I used to store small parts before I decided to go through the 5S process. One problem with storing
many different small items is the number of individual containers, drawers, or bins required. Although this looks somewhat nice and tidy, and every part number has its own stor-

age location, a problem arises: As the number of different

parts increases, the cost and volume of the storage area must
also increase. Considering most of the parts J have were
either free or purchased at a low price, it does not make
much sense to pay more for the storage system than the parts
themselves!
I decided to minimize the cost of storage by using zip-top
plastic sandwich bags from the grocery store. This is similar
to the way my friend Dave Glawson. WA6CGR, stores his
vast inventory of small parts. You can reduce a large amount
of space by stcrinq items in envelopes, bags, or other small
containers (see photo 8). Then store those packets as a
group, as seen in photo 9. This system is especially useful
for storing resistors, since there can be over 100 different
values.
For example, a plastic storage tub labeled "Capacitors,
Except Electrolytic" contains several values and types of
ceramic disc. silver mica, and other through-hole capacitors.
Since markings on the plastic bags tend to wear off, instead
small slips of paper showing the values and ratings are placed
inside the bags. Static-sensitive parts such as transistors and
ICs are stored in anti-static, ESD-safe bags and envelopes.

My Efforts
You may have noticed that I do not have any "after" pictures
in this article. This is because I am still working on the "Sort"
part of the 5S program. My 5S effort is still in progress, and
it is taking much more time than I thought it would. But the
idea is there, and once I finally get things organized (uh ...

Photo 5- Each test fixture is further organized into an individual storage box within the drawer. Can you see the open
spa ce on the bottom left? Each space is marked, so
everyone knows '7MRF15 1G" is in use on the factory floor.

Photo 6-- One criterion formy re-organized garage is to have

everything off the tfoor so my DirtDog@ can sweep underneath and to prevent or minimize water damage in case of
a tfood.

72

co January 2012

Photo 7- These storage bins from the hardware store are

handy, but they can become an expensive way to store
free pans.
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Photo 8- Plastic zipper-top bags can be used to store lots of

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Photo 9. The small packets are then placed in large tubs so

they can easily be found.
sorted} using the 55 concept. I w ill try to sustain this throughout my garage, workshop, station. and even the rest of the
house. Getting to 55 is on my list of resolutions for 2012.
73 and Happy New Year,
Wayne. KH6WZ

References
A Free 55 Handbook online from Brady Corporation:

<http://bit.lytvBMc2d>.
Wikipedia has an entry on 55: <hnp:/lbit.ly/Soneu>.
YouTube has many entries on Six Sigma and 55. Here's one:
<hnp:llbiUy/dC3n LY>.
Dilbert's thoughts on Six Sigma , l ean, and 55: <hnp:/I
bit.lyltkFSkh> and <http://bit.lyIv6t1M5> .
Broder shelving system at Ikea: ewww.lkea.com.
iRobotlP) floor cleaning robots: ewww.Irobot.com.

www.cq-amateur-radio.com

January 2012 CO

73

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Receiver SWR and Some

Simple Antennas for 10 Meters
his time around we will be looking at a variety of antenna topics. We'll start out with a
reader a-mail about receivers and loads.
From Clyde, we got an a-mail bringing up an

important point: While the impedance and SWR of

the antenna may workout to 50 ohms,looking back
into a receiver you do not always see a 50-ohm
load.
The receiver front end is matched to 50 ohms.
but it may not always look like a 50-ohm load. With
the typical HF receiver the first RF amp is mainly

a voltage amplifier looking at a 50-ohm load. Now

if your rig has an attenuatar, or a LocaVDX switch.
then in the Local or - 1a dB position , the receiver
looks pretty close to 50 ohms. However, the rest
of the time the HF receiver front end looks like a
very high impedance.

This can get even worse with many GaAs FET

preamps. In photo A is a super-duper GaAs FET
preamp with a .1- to .15-dB noise figure. Sorry for
the poor photo, but I didn't want to take it out of my
station. These noise-figure values are well into the
uncertainty range of automatic noise-figure
meters. Trying to figure our why lo-GHz power
GaAs FETs gave such an amazing noise figure at
2 meters, I got access to a fancy network analyzer. The input measured dB return gain! Return
gain? Imagine you have built an HF amp for your
QRP rig and you put an SWR meter between the
rig and the amp.
You see 1 watt going into the amp and 2 watts
reflected! Fig. 1 shows what this would look like to
a directional power meter. Uhhh ... 1 watt in and 1
,626 Vineyard. Grand Prairie, TX 75052
e-mail: <wa5vjb@cq-amateur-radio. com>

Photo A- Preamp with an input SWR > infinity!

74.

co January2012

watt reflected is an SWR of a (infinity), so 2 watts

reflected is 2x infinity? On. this new math! Of course,
this is a condition that SWR just isn't designed to
handle, but needless to say, such a system can be
a bit interesting to tune up without oscillating.
In recent years there has been considerable RF
modeling work to bring down the input impedance
of a GaAs FET amp with feedback techniques to
make the preamps look more like a 50-ohm load.
The families of MMIC amplifiers look pretty much
like 50-ohm resistors on their inputs and outputs
when powered . As for those amazing noise figures
on VHF from 1/4-1 watt GaAs FETs for microwave
amps, it tumed out to be a matter of impedance.
The 12-GHz GaAs FET used in a Satellite LNB can
have a 3QOO-SOOO-ohm input impedance at 2
meters. The input matching circuit for this much
impedance change had a lot of loss. The bigger
gate power FETs had a much lower input impedance and thuis were easier to match with low-loss
matching circuits. While the power FETs had a
higher basic noise figure. the lower loss matching
circuits more than made up for this.
Another way to get a good 5o-ohm match for an
amplifier is to use a circulator such as the one in
photo B. A circulator is the RF equivalent of a diode,
or in hydraulics, a check valve. RF can go in only
one direction. Now the antenna sees the receiver
front end as a nearly perfect 50-ohm load.
Here is one of those "facts"l have been told , but
not able to verify in recent years. Perhaps one of
you knows more about this and we can pass it
along, but I am told that all the early C-Band satellite LNAs (LNBs were much later) were required to
have a circulator on the input as in photo B. The
circulator has a very low SWR, or input return loss,

Photo 8- Circulator with 50-ohm termination.

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78 co January 2012

and any signals generated in the GaAs

FET preamp are Irapped in the preamp.
You mig ht think that the few milliwatt s
reflect ed from those poorly matched
GaAs FETs. or a spurious oscillation.
would no t cause a problem. but that
noise generator is sitting at the focus of
a big dish, and the re could be nearly 1
million of these noise generators pointing back at the Galaxy IV satellite .
That's quite an opportunity for jamming
the satellite! Does anyone know if the
input circulators were required or just
considered good engineering?

Sunspots are Back!

Sunspots are back and 10 meters is
hopp ing again. Here are a cou ple of
easy t o-meter construction projects,
and a bit of antenna theory as we go
along, of course.
At flea markets and garage sales you
often see the classic 4-foot CB fiberglass whips pretty cheap. They are not
that hard to move to 10 meters once you
realize what's going on in there. On 11

meters, a quarter-wave wh ip is 108

inches long, 108? W hy do they usually
sell 102inch whips? They expect you
to have a 6-inch spring at the base of
that whip.
OK. a qua rter wave is 108 inches. but
if you take one of the antennas in photo
C. cut off the heat shrink. and unwind
the wire. you will find about 35 feet of
wire. Multipty by 12 and you have 420
inches of wire!
Confused? In fig . 2 you can see the
wires are tightly coi led. There is a lot of
capacitance between those coils. as so
much of the A F is bypassing the coil
capacitively. We can take advantage of
this ... more in a moment.
If you have worked with a lot ot loaded
verticals. you know that it only takes a
few tums of coil to load a whip at the
base, more tums whe n the load is in the
middle of the whip, and even more turns
when the loading coi l is at the top of the
antenna. A a-toot top load needs a 101
of turns. Therefore, to move that a-toot
whip from 27 MHz to 28.5 MHz you need
to remove about 2 feet of wire. Of
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If

Photo D- fO-meter mag mount.

course, do it a few inches at a time until

you see a rea sonable SWR at 28.0 MHz
and then walk it up to your favorite 10meter frequency.
In photos C and 0 , we have two uses
for your new to-meter antennas. The
dipole is great hanging off a tower or for
portable use . You can mount it vertically or horizontally. I built my base for
the dipole out of an old mirror mount.
Photo E shows a wire-wound toploaded vertical.
The dipole will have some RF on the
outside of the coax, so you are going to
need a balun (photo F). Perhaps the
easiest to make is a ' noise" balun. Four
or five turns of RG-58 in a 6- to 8-inch

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Photo E- Wire-wound top-loaded vertical.

Photo F- A variety of baluns.

Photo G- 160-MHz weather-band trap.

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January 2012

loop work well, as will a couple of ferrite beads. Several types

of baluns are shown in photo F.
Now for the marketing angle. Ever look at the CB antennas
at a truck slop or in a CB shop? See them advertise a short
whip as 5/8, 7/8, or even full wave? They are talking about the
length of the wire in the short vertical. A sIs-wave vertical has
to be 5/8 of a wavelength high. It cannot be shortened and still
have the gain of a 5/S vertical. Despite what the advertising
says , they all radiale as loaded 1/4-wave verticals.
Next, let's take advantage at the capacitance between the
windings of the loading coil.
In photo G, you see a short section of tightly wound coil.
Most CB rigs used by truckers also have the NOAA 160-MHz
weather band. For some reason, truckers like to monitor
weather conditions, especially this time of year. The parasitic
capacitance turns that coil into a 160-MHz trap, just like the
traps you have in many HF trap verticals. Twenty-six turns
will self resonate at 2 meters! Want to build a muJtiband fiberglass vertical? Come up 15 inches from the base, tightly wind
26 turns of wire, and then make the rest of the antenna.
But isn't a quarter wave on 2 meters 18 inches? Yes, but
you have some base hardware and the 146-MHz trap doesn't
begin at exactly the first tum of the trap. Take my word for it;
about 15 inches is what you want. For two years I have had
a 6/2-meter trap vertical on my van and many of you have
seen me selling 2110-meter trap verticals at the Dayton
Hamvention:P). Sounds like the start of another column.
As always, we welcome your questions and topic suggestions. Just drop a snatlmait to my QRZ.com address or an email to <Wa5vjb @cq-amateur-radio.com>. For other antenna articles and projects, you are welcome to visit the
reference section of ewww.waovjb.com>.
73, Kent, WA5VJB
Visit Our Web Site

a>

<

New Gear for a New Year

here's nothing like having a new piece of ham
gear to get this new year started right. It
doesn't matter if it's something you were
given for Chri stmas or it's the piece of gear you
didn't get (no matter how many hints you dropped)
and now have the fun of buying it for your shacka.k.a., yourself.
On e item that many hams need to acq uire on a

regular basis is a new handheld tran sce iver . Ne w

models are coming out all the time. some with su r-

prising new features and others with surprising low

prices. Handhelds that are owned, used, and loved
every day may suffer from rigors such as being
dropped in a puddle or bounced on a hard concrete

z
::;:

lQ

0
0

Photo AIntroducing
the Alinco

DJV57T. a
very practical
dua l-band
handheld that
comes with an
a ffordable
price tag and

..

en
::J

<D
~

some
imp ressive
capabilities.

floor. Therefore. it's an item that commonly needs

to be replaced.
But what if you could purchase a nandie-tatkie

that has many of the features hams demand these

days but also excels in matters of practicality
because it sports a tough water-, dirt- and dustresistant exterior that is ergonomically designed to
fit the hand and is priced affordably to limit the bite
on the typically tight ham wallet? The HT I have in
mind is the new OJ-V57T from Alinco.

The Alinco DJV57T

A year or two ago Alinco came out with a new
design for a handful of its single-band HTs when it
introduced the OJ-Vl7T for 2 meters. the OJ- 27T
for the 222-MHz band, and the OT-47T for the 440MHz band. But what about the dual bander? For
reasons known only to Alinco. until now it continued to market the OJ-596T as its dual-band HT.
Alinco has recently released the OJ-V57T (photo
A) wh ich is sim ilar in looks to the trio mentioned
above. However, this one covers the VHF and UHF
ham bands with three power levels up to 5 watts
selectable through the 16-button key pad and all
wrapped up in a oolycartonete body that saves
weight while also providing strength and enough
protection to merit an IPX7 designation for limited
waterproofing. This HT is capable of surviving
immersion in 1 meter of still water for up to 30 minutes. That means the OJ-57T can hang with you in
bad weather or good when you're backpacking,
camping, hiking. fishing. or just relaxing around
the house.
Earl ier, I did mention that this HT is affordable,
so let me define that relevant term. For a list price
of $149.95 or a street price of around $139.95, you
get the dual band HT, an EOC-146 wall-wart charger. a belt clip. hand strap, flexible antenna for an
SMA male connector, and an EBP-65 7.2-volt. 700mAh rechargeable nickel-metal-hydride battery
pack. After being in the hobby for more than 35
years, I can tell you that's a very competitive price
for a brand-new dual-band handheld that will
'870 Alder Branch Lane. Gennantown, TN 38 139
e-mail: <WV5jOcq-amateur-radio.ccm>
www.cq-amate ur-radlo.com

receive and transmit on the two bands where many

ham repeaters live.
Also, if you wish to accessorlze. Alinco offers a
variety of extras such as lithium-ion battery packs,
drop-in chargers. cigarette-lighter adapters, microphones, headsets, a soft case, a clone cable, PC
programming capability, earphones,speaker mics,
and even a tie-pin mic with VOX.
In actual service. this HT performs well and gets
excellent audio and signal reports. It's easy to operate, easy to change frequencies and other settings,
and easy to take with you whether you clip it to our
belt or stuff it in a pocket. To prevent accidental
key presses when you choose the pocket option,
it's a good idea to lock the keypao-ceasy as one,
two with a press of the function button and a press
of the Scan KL button. In fact, a press of the function button and one button on the keypad allows
you to quickly change the frequency step (your
choice of 5. 10 12.5, 15,20,25,30 kHz), frequency shift, alarm function. save frequencies to one of
200 memory positions available. name the memories, activate tone squelch, DeS or VOX. change
power output settings (indicated by an L for low,
an M for medium, and no letter display for high
power) as determined by the battery pack
attached. reverse the frequencies while in repeater
operation, adjust the receive attenuation. or modify the tone dial memories.
There are more features to adjust in the set
mode, such as automatic power off (APO) function, but I'll leave that for you to discover (hold down
the function key down for at least two seconds to
enter the set menu).
Obviously this HT is feature-rich on two levels,
so be sure to explore and read the 72-page user
January 2012 CO

81

Photo B- Comet
Antenna debuts its
CHV-5X five-band
rotatable dipole tha t
covers 4012011 511 0
and 6 meters and
measures tess than
t 3 fee t wide and
comes in at under
six pounds.

manual to get acquainted with all that this radio can do. For
more information, visit <www.alinco.com.

Skyhooks and Other Related Items

I was told that engineers at Comet Antennas had been busy
designing compact skyhooks that appeal to a growing number of hams who need compact antennas that get their signals out but avoid antenna complaints from their neighbors
and manage antenna restrictions. However, I had no idea
what products that research was leading to until I saw some
of the small low-band antennas c ornet had on display at its
booth at the Dayton Hamvention in May 2011. One of the
ideas that Comet decided to bring to market is the CHA-250B
broad-band vertical.
Comet is also releasing its newest rotatable dipole design,
the GHV-5X (photo B), which appears to incorporates some
of these smaller HF whips. The company tell me it covers the
40-,20-, 15-, 10-, and 6-meter bands, measures about 13
feet long, weighs in at less than six pounds, and so far has
proven to be a very successful product. For details go to:
<www.cometantenna.com>.

MFJ QRPocket Tuner

For ORP operators who want to transfer the last milliwatt to
the antenna, there's the new MFJ ORPocket Antenna Tuner
designated the MFJ-9201 (photo G) from MFJ Enterprises.
This small (4"W x 25/s-H x 11/2"D) performer covers 60
through 10 meters, handles up to 25 watts, and boasts a custom tz-posruon inductor switch, a tuneJbypass switch, BNG
connectors, and antenna and transmitter tuning capacitors.

Photo C- MFJ Enterprises of Starkville, MS adds a QRP

antenna tuner to its product line and christens it as the
ORPocket Tuner, MFJ-9201 .

82

co January 2012

The handy package, priced at $49.95, works well with the

MFJ-92oo ORP transceiver or any other popular ORP rig and
fits easily in a ham's go bag or an attache case.
MFJ has also introduced the MFJ-9211 , a ORP 4:1 current
balun that let's you use your favorite ORP rig with a balanced
line antenna. Built in a tough plastic case, the MFJ-9211 has
five-way binding posts for balanced line connections and a
BNG output to any MFJ ORP rig or other popular rig.
As always, any MFJ item purchased is protected by MFJ's
"No Matter What- one-year limited warranty such that should
you have a problem , MFJ will repair or replace at its option
the MFJ parts for one complete year.
For more information about MFJ products, visit
<www. mfjenterprises.com>.caIl 1-8oo-647-1600 or write to
MFJ, 300 Industrial Park Road. Starkville, MS 39759.

GeoTool Antenna Products

GeoTool is well-known for its patented stake pocket antenna mounts. It has been manufacturing them since 1997 and
has increased the hne to include five different sizes to fit most
pickup trucks.
Geo'Iool has announced new screwdriver antenna mounts
(photo D), and two sizes of Delrin antenna insulators lor baseloaded mobile whips. Different top configurations fit HF (316"24), NMO, and 80-239 antenna adaptors.
With the exception of brass NMO connectors, and plated
brass 80-239 connectors, GeoTool uses only stainless-steel
hardware. In contrast to mounts attached to the sheet metal
at the top of the stake pocket, GeoTool says its mounts derive
lateral support between the bottom of the stake pocket bracket and the top lip of the sheet-metal top opening. This allows
the GeoTool mount to avoid damage from driving under a
garage door with the antenna up.
Both of the new mount types attach securely to the standard Geo'Tool HF mount body. In addition. both mounting
systems can be used for marine and fixed-station installations, with several possible applications.
GeoTool's new screwdriver antenna mount is for antennas
that attach with a bolt extending up into the base of the antenna. Most antennas have a 318"-24 bolt, but the mount can be
ordered with other bolt sizes. The Delrin insulator is 1/2" thick
and provides a wide gap to reduce the resonant-frequencyraising capacitance between the bottom of the antenna and
the mount. The insulator is made in two sizes, 1.5" and 2.0"
diameter, and fits many screwdriver antenna systems. The
screwdriver antenna mount top hardware is available separately for those who wish to mount antennas on metal railings, vertical masts, or boats.
Also from GeoTool comes new low-capacitance Delrtn
antenna insulators (photo E), which are available in two sizes,
1.5- )( 3.0 and 2.0 x 4.0", or larger upon request. These
M

Visit Our Web Site

For over a decade CO has been bringing you The ca Amateur Radio
Operators calendar. This year's calendar Is better than evert Fifteen
spectacular color ima ges of some of the biggest. most photogenic shacks,
ante nnas , scenics and personalities trom across the countryl

, ,
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,
Each month Includes the dates ot Important Ham Radio events, major

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Order yours today!

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Cal/l-800-853-9797 or FAX 516-681-2926' www.cq-amateur-radio.com

Photo ~ Goo Tool has announcedits new screwdriverantenna mounts thatattach

securely to the standard GooTool HF mount body.

insulators we re designed as isolated base mounts for use

with any brand of remote antenna coupler. The coupler must
be mounted near the antenna , and coax is never used to feed
the antenna. The insulators use stainless-steel hardware
throughout and have internal stainless-steel adapters to pro-vide increased strength without wea r and tear on the Detrin

.cq-amateur.,adio.com

Photo - Geo Tool is also bringing

to market two new Delrin insula to rs
which provide a wide gap to reduce
the resonant-frequency-raising cspecitanee between the bottom ofthe antenna and the mount.

insulator. The heavy-duty model has twice the internal stainless thread s and 1.5" to 2.0" between the antenna and base
mou nting bolts. The stan dard model ha s 0.75" to 1.0"
between the anten na and base mounting bolts . The insulators have a myriad of other uses.
For more information about GeoTool products, write to the

January 2012 CO

83

_ ._-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Looking Ahead in

D!I

Here are some of the articles we're working on for upcoming issues of CO:
CO Market Survey: VHFIUHF Handheld s, by W B6NOA

The ON4WW Ultimate Beverage Switchbox, by ONSUK

The Extraord inary Cycle 19. by W4 YO

TeslaGRAM: A Multinational Special Event, by W2VU

0 0 you have a ham radio story to tell? A possible article
for one of our specials? We'd like 10 hear from you. See our
writers' guidelines on the CO website at <http://www.cqamateur-radio.com/quide.htmb-, Upcoming specials are:
QAP (April issue), Take it to the Field (June), Emergency
Communications (Octobe r), and Technology (November).

Ham Radio Magazine

on CD-ROM
Enjoy quick and easy
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Ham Radio Magazine!
These f>et5 include high quality black a nd white
5Canned pages which are easy to read on you r screen
or when pri nted.

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Enj oy t.hle enor mous etcckpne

of material including conetructtcn

prcject e, t heory. antennas, t ranemtcrere. receiver s, amplifiers. HF

through microwave. test equipment,
acceeec n ee, FM, SSB, CW vis ual & d igita l modes.
All a rticles. ads. col umna and covers are included!

Thie collection if; broken down into 3 sets - by year.

Each set includes 4
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84

co

January 2012

Photo F- Davis Instruments ' new Vantage Vue wireless

weather station features an easy-to-instalf system, outdoor
sensor array and LCD console.
compa ny at 23 75 Elden Ave. A2, Costa Mesa. CA 92627,

call them at 714-4032026, send them a fax at 949-548-8885,

visit the GecTool website at <www.geotool.comlantmount.
htm>, or e-mail Geo'rcolat clnto e qeotoor.corre- .

Davis Vantage Vue Weather Station

The new Davis Vantage Vue weather station (photo F), from
Davis Instruments, combines Davis's legendary accuracy
and rugged durability into a compact station that's easy to
set up and use. Vantage Vue includes a sleek but tough
outdoor sensor array and a distinctive LCD console. Its
unique Weather Center function provides additional information on each weather variable. In addition, Davis has made
Vantage Vue radio-compatible with its flagship Vantage Pr02
professional stations so you can mix-and-match most components. The station includes an integrated sensor suite
including temperature, wind, and rain sensors, the console,
and mounting hardware.
The all-important console reports time and date, and the
eight phases of the moon from New to Full. It also displays
forecast icons that let you know to expect sun, partly sunny,
clouds, rain, or snow, the temperature and humidity with
updates of the outside temperature every 10 seconds, and
inside temperature every minute. In addition, it gives outside
humidity updates every 50 seconds and inside humidity every
minute. The console can also retransmit or extend range to
additional consoles up to 1000 feet away. It also shows barometric pressure and a trend arrow that indicates it's rising,
falling, or stable, rain totals, and the rain rate every 20 seconds for the last 25 hours, days, months. There's even a
"Chanqe In Weather Since Yeste rday" feature that allows
comparisons of changes of temperature and barometric pressure from day to day.
In addition, the console is a weather center that provides
additional information for each weather variable , such as
daily highs and lows, temperature changes by the hour, and
barometric value changes. The console even displays astronomical data such as meteor showers and graphs the last
25 hours, days, or months while also providing a view of up
to 50 graphs, including temperature, rain, rain rate, wind and
barometric pressure, and lots more-all on the console.
Visit Our Web Site

For more on the Davis Vantage Vue

go to: ewww.vantaqevue.com.

Book Corner
There's lots for us to talk about in the
Book Comer this month, SO we 'd better
get right to it.
W e'll start with one of the biggest and
heaviest books I've seen in recent days,
the ha rd-bound 89th edition of The
ARRL Handbook For Radio Communications (photo G). Almost two inc hes
thick, it's easy to believe that th is one
book is a single resource for those interested in electronic fundamentals, radio
design, and the practical application of
analog and digital radio knowledge in
c reating successful projects .
In th is updated reference, the ARRL
ha s included an answe r to the question
"What is amateur radio?" whi le also
an swering question s on fundamental
theory , analog and digital bas ics, RF
techniques, power supplies and multiple

chapters on practical des ign of transmitters and receivers, antenna systems and
radio propagation. plus comprehensive
information on equipment construction
and maintenance and station assembly
and management.
For $59.95, you get this complete
ch ronicle of radio evolution plus an
accompanying CD.
There is also a companion book to
The ARRL Handbook For Radio Communications and it is entitled The ARRL
Antenna Book For Radio Communications (photo H). It describes antennas for nearly any frequency range and
ope rating application, and that includes
everyt hing from antennas for the HF
bands all the way through VHF. UHF.
and microwave.
The 22nd edition of The ARRL
Antenna Book lists for $59 .95. You 'll
find the League ha s brought each chapter up to date while inc luding complete
construction notes on how to bu ild wire
and loop antennas , verticals, Yagi
beam ante nnas plus C-po le ground
independent HF antennas , patch and
Vivaldi antennas, and even a 40-meter
Moxon beam . The book is also accompanied by a CD ROM disk that gives you
fully searchable text and illustrations.
Both of these books and any other
books in the ARRL liba ry ca n be purchased at <www.arrl.org> or by calling
800-594-0200 .

Corrections
I've noticed that when a person does a
lot of writing , it seems inevitable that a
certain small pe rcentage of what they

Photo G- The hard-bound 89th edition

of The ARRL Handbook For Radio
Communica tions . (see text).

write is inadvertently in error. I proved

this recently when I wrote about the
Baofeng UV-3R handheld and mentioned a stateside dealer where these
amaZingly small but powerful (z-wan
output) amateur HTs could be purchased, NH7QH Radio Supplies in
Aiea, Hawaii. I listed the wrong URL and
should have instead given you <www.
hawaiiradiosates.com>. My apologies
to the owner of Hawaii Radio Sales,
Chris Colquhoun , NH7QH .
It was also brought to my attention
W hat's
that I wa s in error in October's M
New" wh en I mentioned that Pete
Markavage, WA2CWA. was the owner
of Nifty Products. Pete tells me that
Bernie Lafreniere, N6FN , is the actual
owner of Nifty Products. To those gentlemen and my readers. I'm sorry that I
got that confused.

In Closing
Well, I guess that wraps up another look
at "w hat's New" in the world of amateur
radio. Until we meet here again next
month, take care and enjoy thi s multifaceted hobby we can -amateur radio ."
73, John , WV5J
Note: Listings in What's Ne~ are not
product reviews and do not constitute a
product endorsement by CO or the column
editor. Information in this column is primarily provided by manufaeturers'vendors
and has not necessarily been independently verified. The purpose 01 this column
is to inform readers about new products in
the marketplace. We encourage you to do
additional research on products of in/erest
to you.

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January 2012

CO

85

en ->'"
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::;:

OX Grid Square Awards

z:::l
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ow

>

'"

hiSmonth we first continue with a couple more

Questions from county hunters and answers
to help them along the path to the USACA
award. Then we move on to grid square awards
from around the world.
Q : Percy Foret, KA1JP A, writes that the stale of
Connecticut doesn't have counties anymore and
asks how this might be be reflected in the USA-CA
rules and list of counties for the award.
A: It's true that CT no longer has a county listing.
This change took place in 1960. at about the time the
USACA rules were written by elil Evans, K6BX, the
first awards editor for CO magazine. However,
Connecticut judicial districts still follow the old county boundaries, and the eight counties are still widely
used for geographical and statistical purposes.While
watching local TV weather shows, announcers commonly refer to "heavy thunderstorms in Middlesex
County crossing to Tolland [where I live) and
Windham Counties." There's no requirement in the
USA-CA rules that counties must perform a governmental function, and that's the case in Connecticut
Q : Don Simmonds, N5XG, earned USA-CA a few
years ago with a Mixed Mode application. He asks
whether it would be possible to change the award
to reflect an ALL CW" status now that he managed
to replace all the SSB contacts with CW.
A: Yes. While USA-CA is basically a -ooe time"
award. I have no problem receiving your new list of
contacts showing that all contacts are of a single
mode or made on a single band. I'll provide a small
endorsement sticker for you to add to the award
certificate. This is treated as an endorsement, with
a fee of $1.25.

USA-CA Special Honor Roll

William N. Pedersen, KM1 C

USA-eA 1219

October 1, 2011
Bill Morgan, KODEO
USA-CA 1220

October 11,2011

USACA Honor Roll

500
KM1C

*12 Wells Woods Rd., Columbia, CT 0623 7

e-mail: <k l bv@cq-amateur-radio.com>

86

co January 2012

141 8

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.... tHi.~.SI2_00_ To~Ior"'tpediII....... w _ ..,.......,.
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25No:at<odgeA!ll ~ NY 1180t USA lor S2.50. or bf' PC-prnIod
QOI'nCllMr IiIInll wI'Idl In . . . . . . ... onjo(or bf _
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u._.

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"""9."

Grid Square Awards

Grid squares are a way of dividing up the surface of
the Earth to provide a quick geographical reference.
For ham radio purposes,they arean abbreviated way
of describing your location anywhere on Earth in a
manner that is easy to communicate over the air. The
most common system is called the Maidenhead
Locator System. The name comes from thetown outside London where it was first developed in 1980 by
a meeting of European VHF managers.
The basic grid square measures 1 latitude by 2
longitude. A grid square is indicated by two letters
(the field) and two numbers (the square), as in
FN31, the grid square covering the part of Connecticut where I live.
SUb-squares are further designated by the addition of two letters after the grid square. as in
FN31UO. These are often used in VHF contests
and describe territory roughly equal to 3 x 4 miles
in the continental U.S.
There are a number of HF awards that use
Maidenhead grid squares. CO offers the CO OX
Field Award, which covers contacts with all the
fields (1st two letters only) on Earth-all 324 of

K0DEQ

r .1

n.

~.

~ .

- -

Denmark OZ Locator Award. For the basic award.

contact Danish sta tions in at feast 10 of the grid
locator squa res in Denmark after 1 January 1985.

them! Also. there are a number of countries that

offer a similar. yet restricted grid square award covering only their country. Since the grid system
describes the entire surface of the Earth, and most
hams operate from dry land, some isolated areas
in these countries can only be activated by special
expeditions. Let's look at some of these awards.
Denmark OZ Locator Award. For the basic
award. contact Danish stations in at least 10 of the
grid locator squares in Denmark after 1 January
1985. OZ is covered by the following squares:
Visit Our Web Site

J044. J045. J046. J047. J054. J055.

J056. J057. J064. J065. J066. J074.
and J075. Contacts via active
repeaters do not count. nor do c rossband and crossmode contacts. Phone
or CW contacts OK.
must be sub-

osts

mitted when applying . Endorsements

are available for each additional three
squares. Endorsements also are avail-

able for : Phone, CW, EME, MS, and

Satel lite by band . Send GC R list and fee
of 20 DK K, SUS4, o r 5 IRC s to: Award

Manager, Allis Andersen, OZ1 ACB,

Kagsaavej 34, DK2730 Herlev,
De nma rk. Internet: <http://www.ed r.dkl
Defa ult.aspx?IO=84>.

Italy Worked All Italian Squares.

ARI of Busto Arsizio sponsors this
award for working Italian grid squares.

The size of each square is 10 ft. of a

degree on the parallel and 10ft. of a
degree on the meridian. In each square
are eight WWL little squares, two on the
paralle l and fou r on the meridian. The
geographical coordinates of sta rt and
finish o n this grid a re : from latitude
4 7111 0 'N to latitude 35112 0 'N and from
longitude 6Q30 'E to longitude 18 11 40'E.
for a tota l of 51 83 squares . This grid
co nta ins all Italia n territory. islands
included. To identify the squares, an
alpha-numerical code has been used:
On the direction of the parallels there is
a number from 00 to 72; for the meridians there is a pair of leners coupling the
le tte rs A, B, C . D. E, F, G, and H with
the letters J, K. L. M, N, P. a , A and S,
obtaining AJ, AK. AL . AM . AN , AP, AQ,
A A, AS, BJ, BK, BL, and so on until the

The objective of the Croatia Worked 9A

Locators A ward is to stimulate amateur
radioactivity from all grid squares in the
Republic of Croatia .

couple HR. Thus th e codes of the

squares go from AJoo to HA72 . Many
squares are in the sea, while some others do not contain an Italian terri tory and
cannot be used. This provide s a total of
1488 valid squares.
The bas ic awa rd requ ires working
100 such squares o n or after 1 Janua ry
1994. SW L OK. Endorsements availa ble for each ad ditional 100 squares.
You may work fixed o r mobile statio ns
in the squ ares. C ontacts via link!
repeater are not valid. All contacts must
be made from the same country and
with your own callsign. The HF award
requires using only HF. Endorsements
available for monoband, W A Ae, CW,
AnY, Phone, etc.
Send a GCR list and fee of SUS 15 or
10 Eu ros to: AR I di B usto Arsizio, PO

Box 12 5, 121 052 Busto Arsizio (VA) ,

Italy. Internet: <hnp :/Iwww.aribusto.ib .
Croatia Worked 9A Locators
A ward. The objective of th is award is to
stimulate amateur radio activity from all
grid sq uares in the Repu blic of Croatia.
Only contacts made on 50 MHz and
above a re valid for this award and no
repeate rs allowed . The award can be
issued for three d iffe rent levels, either
mixed band or sin gle ba nd :
3rd level - 6 g rid sq uares minimum
2nd level -1 0 grid squares minimum
1st level - all 15 grid sq uares
Grid squares in 9A are: IN 64 , 65; I N

72.73.74.75.76; I N 82. 83. 84 . 85 . 86;

I N 92 . 94. 95.
Contacts made on any band after 5
July 1992 count to r the award. SWL OK.
A submission of the log entries and possession of the a SL cards are required
for the award . aSLs may be requested
tor ve rification . Award fee is 5 Euros or
SUS6 and 3 Euros o r SUS4 fo r d ifferent level e ndorsemen ts . Apply 10:
Vladimi r Pavlica , 9A9A, HR S Diploma
Ma nager, H rvatski Hadioa maters kt
savez. Dalmatinska 12, P.p . 149, 10002
Z ag re b, Croatia . E-ma il: <vladimir.
pavlica @ri .htnet .hr> ; internet: <hnp :!1
www.hamradiO.hrlindex.php>.
Japan Worked All Squares Award.
Contact at least 100 different grid
square locators in Japan (first 4 digits);
sticker endorsements are available for
each additional 100 squares. Contacts
after 1 July 1992 count. All contacts
must be made fro m the sa me grid

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Worked AI/ Ita lian Squares award for
working Italian grid squares.
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January 2012 CO

87

... - . . . . . ... .. . .
-. .
. . . -- . -- '. - . . . - - . -

square in your country. Even if the square of the station that

issued a aSL card is not shown clearly, a aSL card showing the longitude and latitude of the station from which its
square can be calculated will be valid. In this case, these
coordinates should be shown on the aSL card list. No crossband contacts except by satellite. Endorsement tee is 5IRGs.
Available in two classes: WASA-V-U-SHF (SO MHz and
above) and WASA-HF (28 MHz and below). GCR list must
include grid square data. No endorsements for band/mode.
SWL OK. Fee is 12 IRCs. All contacts must be made on land
within the same call area, or if no call area exists, within the
same country. Apply to:JapanAmateur Radio League - Award
Desk, 1-14-5 Sugano, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8073, Japan.
Email: <oper@jarl.or.jp>: internet <hltp:/Iwww.jarl.or.jpl
Englishl4_Library/A-4-2_AwardslAward_Main.htm>.

Contact at least 100 different grid square locators in Japan

to earn the Worked All Squares Award.

We're always on the hunl for new awards 10 feature in these

pages. I invite your e-mails to the address shown elsewhere
in this column.
73, Ted, K1BV

Arthur Burke, N4PJ

USA-CA All Counties #1218, August 12, 2011
Mycounty hunting pursuit gathered significant steam about three
years ago. When first licensed in late 1978, I mistakenly assumed
one collected the counties in a haphazard, random manner, mostIyvia contests. After a long abseoce Irom the air, in 20041 returned
and my county total was only around 800. Then, around the time I
returned to the air, I discovered the County Hunter Nets. My numbers grew moderately fast from that point. They really grew when
I discovered the advantage 01 being retired. That translates to living in Iront 01 the radio to the exclusion of everything else one might
consider important in Iile! Between sharp listening, a baby monitor
in front of the rig , and permission to be an almost absent husband
at times, the quest took on the semblance of an elephant in the
room, and the numbers piled up laster and faster.
Having spent most 01 my amateur "career" as a DXer, the lure of
collecting counties at fi rst didn't hold the proverbial candle to DXing.
The addiction and passion were both qu ite stealthy. I initially foun d
it amazing that anyone would be interested in ... doing it again .. ."
aller collecting all 3077 coun ties . The n the affliction seized me as
well.
Although the total odyssey has encompassed some 30+ yea rs,
slightly more than half the total was garnered in the last three years.
During that period of time, I grew to appreciate the mobile community (and became part of i1 mysell) for their dedication and enjoymentol motoring near and tarto'run" counties. Marsha and I recent ly completed a 7 ,971-mile journey from central Florida to Seattle
and back, wandering through 19 stales and 268 counties, making
almost 5 .000 contacts in the process. Thus far, we 've accumulated approximately 35 ,000 miles in the pursuit of collecting/dispensing counties. That might look like a lot of miles, but I'm aware of
several other guys who are well in excess of 100.000 miles! Did I
say it was addictive?
Often I thought about those 10 years I lived in the Kansas City
area . I often wished it was then that I had discovered serious coun-ty hunting. Iligured living in the middle of the country would make
it more or less equidistant to the far comers of the U.S. However,
even here in central Flo rida , I've enjoyed the ability to hear and be
heard with a beam at 50 feet, mostly running around 100 wane.
It is sometimes difficult to express the joy of Iiring off CHN de
N4PJ/M" either in a county or on a coun ty line and being deluged
with calls Irom those afflicted with the same passion lor cou nty hunting . My DXCC counts for Mixed , Phone, and CW are all well over
300 (I'm cu rren tly three short of the Miked Honor RoU). I've dabbled in a lot 01 va rious contests over the years, but only been serious a very few times. CW has almost always been my first "love."
I used to joke that t bought a microphone in self-defense!

88 co

January 2012

Arthur, N4PJ, USA-CA All Counties #12 18.

If you think you're bored wi1h your current sub-hobby pursuits,

take a peek at <www.marac.org >Of<www.countyhunter.com>to
learn more.
I feel like a guy on Oscar night-lhree minutes to thank everyone responsible and deathly alraid you'll forget the most important
ones!
First, a huge thanks to my biggest supporter and booster. my
wile Marsha, N4BU, without whom I might still be pursuing this
award. There are probably several categories of wives out there:
There are some who tolerate their spouse's activities; there are
some who support it; and then there's Marsha. She not only tolerates and supports me, she encourages me!
Then there are the guyS who not only appear countless times in
my log, but who also went "above and beyond" by making special
efforts to deliver counties lor me: N4CD, KSGE, W4SIG , N4AAT,
N0 KV , W9MSE, WOGXO, and N5XG . N4CD is particularly noteworthy, as he's Mr. Ubiquitous - seemingly everywhere, all the
li me! I also can't forget to thank thai awesome fathe r and son duo,
KaZZ and W 8JJ . And last, but not least, a guy who also appears
in my log a lot, KL1 V.
It has been a great adventure, and I thank all of you lor the ride .

- N4PJ

Visit Our Web Site

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Contest/DX Expeditions!
ow! Where did aU that propagation come
from? What a great contest season we're
having so far. The CO ww OX SSB
Contest the end of OCtober was the last event
prior to this writ ing, so I can only comment on that
one, but what a weekend it was. Conditions on 10
meters were like nothing I've heard in yearslong. deep into Asia almost all weekend long and
the signals from Europe were s-eeter bending.
It's been so long since I've heard signals like that
... my ears are still ringing. The "big quns" running
multi-multi reported QSO numbers on 10 meters
in excess of 3000. When's the last time you saw
those kind of numbers? Unreal but thrillingl 11
wasn't only 10 meters either. The 15-meter numbers were almost as good, if not better, and the
old standby-20 meters-well, it was 20 meters.
The QRM on 40 was so bad I had to give up.
My ears just couldn't stand it ... hi.

TX operation from French Polynesia and then

from Marquesas. South Cook must have had a
"brown-out- from all the activity going on down
there during the contest. At least three different
operations were heard on the air that weekend.
Africa was not to be outdone for contesters. At
least 15 operations were on the air from various
parts of Africa. Asia was well represented as well.
with at least 23 different operations.
Stations all over Oceania were very active,
some 13 announced and a number of others actually heard or worked. Then there were all those
Caribbean operations and many South American
stations, too.
If you were on the air and didn't add at least a
few to your countries (entities) count, well ... they
were there, unless you've worked them all anyway. It was a lot of fun for most of us for sure. Now
for the CW leg of the CO WW coming up the end
of November.

WW SSB Contest DXpeditions

DXpeditions all over during the week before and
after the WW SSB contest made it realty fun to be
on the air.
The T32C OXpedition had just ended with a
record-breaking 213,000 QSOs. Next we had the

-e.o Box OX, Leicester, NC 28748.()249

e-mail: <n4aaOcq-amateur-radio.com>

Upcoming Activities
This is the OX column, so I better continue on with
that. We have a number of DXpeditions scheduled for the next few months, and there are always
those short ones lor the contest weekends all the
way to the end of May.
9N7MD-Nepal was ready for action the last two
weeks of November by a major DXpedition team.

Working T32C on all 32 of the possible bands!

modes was a real challenge. No one actually
achieved that level, but Da ve. K4SV, tried hard
to reach it. He did manage to make 27 of those
contacts. Here 's his latest antenna project, a
Stepp lR DB-42 array at around 90 feet . (Photo
courtesy of K4SV)

90

co Ja nuary 2012

Pradhan, A51PN, with his paper logs of some

30,000 contacts between 19 72 and 1983. Glenn,
WJGJ, was in Bhutan the end of October and
met Pradhan, who handed over those paper logs
to him. (Photo courtesy of WOGJ)
Visit Our Web Site

They were schedu led for two weeks of

activity.
eYO-Sable Island will see another
DXpedition December 28 , 20 11 to
January 6, 2012. Murray. WA4DAN , will
team up with Ron. AA4VK, and Jeff.
N 1SNB, for a week . Randy, N0TG, had
been planning to go back later in the
year, but the opportunity presented
itself and Murray and friends will take
advantage of it. Randy won't be able to
go on this one . Murray said they would
make the most of the propagation on 10
meters and have two stat ions on that
band as much as possible .
ET- Et hio pi a ... A team headed by
David, K3LP, is scheduled to be in the
country December 8-13. The tour-mem-

~
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.... oI .to. ..olbw , . 2011 . 161 .. ' h
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I<7UA . 19lil (34)

IK89OE.19l1(31)
JA2fVl(. 19lil (34 on 40)
IK1AOO. 199(I)
V0 1FB. 199(I")
KZ. V. I99 (26)
W6ON,I 99 (m
W3N0.199 (26 )
RU3FM.l99( I )
N3IJN. 199 (l B)
W1FZ.199 (26)
St.l 7BIP . I99 (31 )
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AX.Hl, 199 (13)
ssaa. 199131)
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K8PT. 199 (26)

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(I)
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N20T. 11111 (23. 2.)
OK1DWC. 198 (6 . 31)
W.Ut.l. 196 ue. 23)
US7t.lt.l. I96 (2. 6)
K2TK. 1$6 (23. 2.)
K3JGJ. 198 (2 . 261
W4DC.I 98 (2. 26)
F5NBU. 196 (1". 31)
W9XY. 196 (22, 26)
KZ21. 196 (24. 26)
WSIRN . 196 (26. 19 on 4O)
wscwc.ree (17. 18 )
15I(KW. l116(31 &23on20)
UMLY . 196 (6&2 on 10)
IK4CIE. 198 (1. 3 1)
JA7X80 . I IllI (2 on
80&10)
JA3GN ,11lll (2on8O&4O)

cn OX Awards Program

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THE RADIO CLUB OF

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 22
P.O . Box 1052
New York , NY 10002
'&'.9".9 (3d",,_wUMtcM t6
~ti~ SiMa 198'0
January 2012 CO

91

Glenn Johnson, WOGJ, has

been to Bhutan several
times. He went again in
October with this "Minnesota
Team." Left to right: Ralph
Fedor, KOIRlA5I1R; Sandy
Fedor; Vivien Johnson,
KL 7YL; Glenn Johnson,
WOGJIA51B; Gena Cahill;
Pat Cahill, WOBWA5 1BM.
(Photo courtesy of Scott,
KOMD)
ber team will be operating but also conducti ng exams to hopefully increase the
population of licen sed hams in Ethiopia.
They will also install and leave beh ind
antennas, a radio, and an am plifier.
HKO-Malpelo is going to be "invaded- by a team of DXpeditioners the
end of January. An "inspection team"
wen t there for a preliminary check 01
the island in October just so they wou ld
know what they would be facing
when the whole team arrived. Plans can
now be "tweaked" and solid planning can
take place. This one has seen very little
CWldigital activity in many years, so we
are looking forward to a really serious
effort by the team to work those modes.

C05546 on The Air

operated for a few years as CEI

EA7AOH but then decided as a citizen
of Chile he should have a Chile license.
When he applied for a license, he got
one ... a Novice license an d a Novice
callsiqn. Yes , CD554 6 is the call he was
assigned. So if you should hear this call
for the next 1' /2 years, be assured tha t
it is not a pirate operating on the ham
bands. Give Tanya caU and enjoy the
OSO . He will, for sure.

V02FF Silent Key

In the November column I had a story
about Mike, K00B, and his effort to work
someone in Zone 2. He finally made it by
working Daniel , V02FF, back in July.
Mike just reported that V02FF recently
became a Silent Key, making that
even more memorable. Mike says:
"V02FF passed away last weekend suddenly. 1was really shocked when V02NS
contacted me and told me of the news.
Daniel is the ham who gave me my last
zone on 10 meters (Zone 2). He is the
one mentioned in the ~D X column of the

aso

-CO CO CO this is CD5546, over : Would

you answer that call on 20 or 15 meters?
That's a very strange call to be heard on
the ham bands, right? Well, folks, it is
legal and here's the story behind it.
It seems that Tony, EA7AOH, retired
and moved from Spa in to Chile . He

November issue of CO magazine. I am

glad I had the opportunity to know Daniel
and I am equally glad that I sent my writeup of the article to him on OCtober 5.Last month I mentioned Silent Keys,
not knowing I would be talking about it
again th is month . Daniel wa s one of
those I didn't know othe r than his call
and where he was located. It seems
there are a lot out there we only know
by their call and where they are. Do we
spend too much time with -599 xx" that
we don't get to know the other guy? Give
that some thought while you're enjoying fami ly and friends over the holidays.

LoTW
The ST0 R OS L cards were very popular the end of October and early
November. The confirmations were so
popular, in fact , that the ARR L's DXCC
desk offered a special deal using LoTW
(Logbook of The Wor1d) to handle the
onslaught. Apparently it worked and it
helped the staff get throu gh that period
without too much difficu lty .
In addition, ju st afte r the CO WW SSB
Contest weekend so many conteste rs
jumped in to upload their log s to the
LoTW that it was on the verge of crashing. The ARRL put out this messa ge:
"Due to a large nu mber of radio amateurs uploading their logs to Logbook of

The CO OX Field Award

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-.cl.xlrlI P<-oe 10< _ l 10 "CO WP X A

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THE WPX HONOR ROLL

The WP X Honor Roll is baMcl on Ih8 CUrren! oonhrrned prefikes which are submrtted by separate lIpp!icatJon in strict c:onlormance WIth Il1e CO Master P reful list
Scores are based on \tie currenI preh~ 1OIaI, tegardesa of an op8fiI\()(a .I-bme eounI. Honor Roll must be updaled annually by addition to. or confirmation 01. present lotal. If no ~te. files Will be made inactive.

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www.cq-amateur-fadlo.com

January 2012 .

CO

93

The World (LoTW) after last weekend's CO WorldWide SSB

Contest, the ARRL's online aSL verification service is experiencing delays. According to ARRLIT Department Manager
Michael Keane, Kl MK. there is about a 33 hour wait for logs
to be processed."
"Logs are processed in the order in which they were
received," he explained. "If you have uploaded your log to
LoTW, your log is currently queued for processing . It has not
been lost in the system. Uploading your log multiple times
will only further delay your log and those of others to be
processed."
Thankfully this problem didn't last 100 long once the word
got out and things settled down.

A51PN , with his paper logs of some 30,000 contacts between

1972 and 1983. Glenn Johnson, WOGJ. was in Bhutan the end
of October and met Pradhan, who handed over those paper
logs to him. Glenn says he will be able to answer a SL requests
foranyone needingacard for A51 PN . Please send your request
10 the Callbook address of WOGJ, and don't forget the SAE
and sufficient postage. Glenn added, "Pradhan has meticulous
notes in his logs about aSLs that were returned."
Glenn plans to digitize and upload the logs 10 LoTW, but it
will lake a bit of time for 30,000 asos.
Until next time, enjoy the chase and do Have Fun!
73, can, N4AA

Bhutan
On the first page of this column there is a photo of Pradhan,

CO OX Field Award Honor Roll

The co o x F...., AW. rd Honor RoI noc:ogno. .. ll'lOM o x ... who l1li.... aubmtted proal aI
oonl,,,,,,,1100 with 175 Of IllOfe grid rield8. Honor RoIlisiting ill automatic upon llPP'O"81 of en
8jlplica.1ion lor 175 Of more grid fields. To remein on !he CO OX F~ Award Honor Roll.
.......... updates ... ~ Updates
DB ..x:ompanied ~ an SASE oonIitmalIOO ..
dNAd , The lee lot ~ stick
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205
OK IAcrv ..............205
AW4NI1." , , , " ,.203
N4MM
202
W4UM
202
1V3GOW .............. .201
K800K
,196

NMlT
N4NX ...
O'''CA~L

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.1112
.l i 1

HAWP ..
. IlIO
BMOW ._....
.. 188
1181ilOOZ ..__._.188
K2AU ............. t83
K2SHl .,................. t 82

KIN U

180

WSOOO ,

In

N0FW

176

-'""'AC _.

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NOFW ....__
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17S
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Masao. JE1LGYIZP7. visited Doug. ZP6CW. Masao is a
medica l volunteer working in the interior of Paraguay. Masao
told Doug that Doug was "vel}' famous in Japan. " Masao
took many photos of Doug, his shaCk. and his big log periodic antenna. (Photo counesy of ZP6CW)

Ol6KVA .._._... 233

W 1CU ,..._.....233

Dl2OXA
K0 0EO

2Oll
207

DL3OXX

203

JN3SAC

202
W4UM ..._..... 197
OK t ACY'J .,
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aSL Information

Lot, DJ7ZG, and Babs. DL7AFS, have traveled allover the

world and worked many DXers from islands and countries
everywhere. Here they proudly hold their respective #1
DXCC Honor Roll plaques. They were on Cocos Keeling as
VK9CX as this was written in early November.

94

CQ January 2012

GOANA via GWOANA

G1 RCV via G4DFI
G1T via MOSCG
G3RCV via G4DFI
G3RCVIP via G4DFI
G3XAOI6YS via G3SWH
G4AKClSV8 via G4AKC
GSASE via DL 1DA
GABFGI via GMOFGI
GAONBM via GMONBM
GA2MP via N3Sl
GA3YOR via GM3YOR
GA3YTS via GM3YTS
GA4FDM via GM4FDM
GA4YMM via GM4YMM
GBOBME via G7WAW
GBOGRA via MOJHW
GBOHDX via MOJHW
GBOMPA via GW0ANA
GBDU via GWOANA
GBDYEZ via G4PLY
GB100BP via GWOANA
GB100EGL via GW0AN A
GB100FI via GW0ANA

GB 100LP via GWOANA

GB 10DSFL via GWOANA
GB l l lHP via G4PLY
GB1SDVC via G4Dfi
GB1CPB via GSXW
GB1DLH via G66BSR
GB10L via MMSDWW
GB1D via M0X IG
GB1WT via MOXIG
GB21:HlHNT via GW0ANA
GB20BT via G4DFI
GB2ADU via GW4XKE
GB2BF via G4DFI
GB2FB via G4DFI
GB2HLB via GM3WUX
GB2MS via MOPAI
GB2MWT via MOXIG
GB20H via MOCNP
GB2PBL via GSXW
( The table of CSL Ma nagers is COUf
IBSy of John Shelton. K IXN. fl(Jitor of

'J1Ie Go List.' loti Dogwood Dr.

Paris. TN 38242. phone 73 1-64 1
4354. fHTIlIiI: <f1OIISI0golisLnef>..}

V is it Our Web Site

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Tips for Contesting During

Periods of High Solar Activity

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ith ever-increasing predictions for higher

solar activity in sunspot Cycle 24, con-

testers are adjusting their plans to cope

with change. It seemed to take quite a while to rise
up from the sunspot minimum. Now that better conditions have arrived , it is important to think of ways
to lake advantage of the higher solar flux and maxnmze your score.
~ I will be spending lots more time on 10 and 15
meters in order to maximize my
and multiplier totals," says Ted Console, K2QM F, from New

eso

York. 'This. however, requires some additional

understanding of propagation and MU F (maximum
usable frequency) in order to determine the best
times to be on these bands for highest aso rates ."
Other contesters agree that the higher bands will
be the place to be . "Clearly, one has to spe nd more
time working on making sure the high-band antennas work," says Dennis McAlpine , K2SX. from
South Carolina. McAlpine adds. "Ho wever. the
co ntrarian might say that poorer antennas will work
better in higher SFI (solar flux Indices) as you need
less signal if the SFI is up. so the place you need
the better signa l is the low ba nds rather than the
high bands because you will need more signal to
get through."
W ith more contesters floc king to the high bands,
Mike usencc, N2YBB, of Brooklyn, New York is
thinking of ways to make his signal stand out from
the crowd . "Believe it or not, I'm th ink ing abo ut running high power ins tead of my usual low power
entry," sa ys usenco. "You wo uld th ink that I would
be better off the othe r way around as conditions
are better. But to me it seems that the better band
conditions will bring more operato rs to the co ntest
and allow for bett er DXing. As a result, I think that
the added gain of 1KW over 100 watts will allow
me to be heard against the inc reased activity."
Paul Young, K1XM, from Massachuse tts says,
"I may ge t on a bit more from home in mino r contests, but overall my plans have not changed. I'll
still be out of the U.S. for the CO ININ CW o and
maybe for CO WW SSB."
Hams who have lived through the ups and downs
of the sunspot cycle realize that ba nd plans will
change with activity levels. Higher sunspots will
allow ten and fifteen meters to be open longer to
many parts of the world. This wi ll allow multiple high
bands to be open at one time leading to a choice
of frequencies for all operators. With less crowding, people can spread out more over the ba nd ,
leadi ng to fewer frequency fights and g enerally

P.O. Box 657, Copiague, NY 11726

e-mail: <n2ga Ocq-amateur-radio.com>

www.cq-ama1eur-radlo.com

All year

Jan . 1
Jan . 7-8
Jan.S
Jan . 14-15
Jan . 14-15
Jan . 21-22
Jan . 21
Jan . 21 -22
Jan . 21-22
Jan. 27-29
Jan . 28-29
Jan . 28-29
Feb. 4
Feb. 4-5
Feb. 5

Feb. 11-12

eo

Calendar of Events
CO OX Marathon

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SARTG New Year RTTY Contest

ARRL RTTY Roundup
DA RC 1o-Meter Contest
Hunting Lions in the Air
Party
North American CW
Hungarian OX Contest
LZ Open Contest
BARTG RTTY Sprint
Party
North American SSB

0
0

:::J

-+
<D
en
-+-

:::J

esc

esc

CO ww 160M CW Contest

REF CW Contest
UBA SSB Contest
Party
Minnesota
Party
Delaware
North American CW Sprint
CO WW RTTY WPX Contest

esc
eso

Fordirect links to the rules pages for these contests. see

the CUffent issue highlights page on the CO website at
<htlp:llWKW. cq-amateur-radio.com>.

easier signal readability. The result wilt be higher

scores and more fun for all.

Good Conditions Last Fall

This pa st fall's great solar conditions led to greater
activity and higher scores in the big contests . The
October CO W orld-Wide OX SSB Contest was a
grea t example, with 10 meters wide ope n to many
are as of the world . Activity there started at 28.300
MHz and went atl the way up to and over 29 MHz!

Ted Console. K20MF. in his well-equipped shack

on Long Island. New York. (Photo courtesy
K2QMF)

January 2012 CO

95

Two towers are part of the K20MF antenna farm. (Photo courtesy K20MF)
Many contesters noted that there was
no one good spot to be, that anywhere
on 10 meters was a good spot. On the
east coast of the US, 10 stayed open
well afte r darkness fell with many
Japanese, Chinese , and southeast
Asian stations worked during that time .
When this column was written, ARRL
Sweepstakes CW had just fin ished
with great activity in the U.S. and
Canada. Assuming similar conditions,
the upcoming CO WW DX CW Contest
shows all indications of possible
record-breaking scores and activity.
The ARRL 10-Meter contest should
also see better results with higher
totals all around .

The Downside of Higher Solar

Activity
Higher solar flux can generate coronal
mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares .
Solar flares can disrupt communications and even affect electrical systems.
These bursts of solar energy occur in
active solar regions around sunspots.
According to Wikipeida, "Flares are
powered by the sudden (timescales of
minutes to tens of minutes) release of
magnetic energy stored in the corona.

96.

co January 2012

The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CME). Xrays and UV rad iation emitted by solar
flares can affect Earth's ionosphere and
disrupt long -range radio co mmunications. Direct radio emission at deornetric wavelengths may disturb operation
of radars and other devices operating
at these frequencies."
Scientists are now predicting the
peak of Cycle 24 to be in 2013. Until
then we can expect a continuing number of solar flares and CM Es. Wh ile
ionization of the Earth's atmosphere is
necessary for long-range HF communication, disrupt ions can occur when
flares or CM Es affect the Earth's magnetic field. A side effect can be the beautiful "northern lights" or aurora. This natural light display is normally prevalent
at higher latitudes but can migrate
towards the Earth's equator with high
er levels of solar activity and stronger
solar storms.

Propagation Changes
As solar flux goes higher, ten and fifteen meters become the "money
bands" during the daytime hours. Look
for openings where both ends of the

path are in daylight and especially

strong openings along the gray tine.
Signals tend to appear stronge r during
twilight as the sun is no longer ionizing
the D-Iayer of the ion osphere closest
to the Earth. Since this layer absorbs
radio frequency energy, once it begins
to disappear it will allow more signals
to pass through it. Since the higher Eo
and s-tayers are still being hit by sun light, these layers continue to refract
rad io waves during twilight. causing a
seeming strengthen ing of signals .
Evening gray line can create strong
signals on ten meters from the west
causing , for example, Japanese stations to pop out at the noi se on the U.S .
east coast. Since the MU F is low in the
morning, the gray line then norma lly
does not support t o-meter propaqation but may work well for 20 meters (or
even 15 meters if it is open). Morning
gray line also ca n work well on the
lower frequencies such as 40 and 80
meters since the absorption is lower
then. as well.
Twenty meters will also be alive with
unusual nighttime openings when the
solar flux is high . Look for signals over
the pole when there are no solar storms.
For the U.S. east coast. this means sig Visit Our Web Site

Congratulations to

nals into Siberia, sou theast and sou th

Asia. Long-pat h openings may also be
prevalent during these times. A knowledge of propagation at the peak of the
sunspot cycle can yield many new multipliers that will go a long way to increasing your contest scores.

the VPSH crew

(K0MO, WOOJ,
and WA0MHJ):
1st Place
MIS High Power
in the
2011 ARRL sse OX Contes1,

Activity is Good and Bad

With more sunspots comes inc reased
band activity. This may create situations
in which pile-ups develop. Try to listen
first before calling and do not call if you
cannot hear the transmiUing station.
Also, try to avoid being an alligator with
a big mouth and no ears---incessant calling without listening just creates noise
and makes it more difficu lt for the station
working down the pileup to be efficient.
Do not send your call again if a partial
callsign is sent and it is not part of your
call! Considerate operating goes a long
way to making it easier lor everyone to
work the needed multiplier.
Be aware of ' contest free- zones and
avoid these frequencies. The biggest
complaint heard about contests is the
disruption that the y cause to the bands
when they are occurring. This is especially true during th e ~big- OX contests
like CO W orld-Wide OX and the AAAL
OX contests . While it is true that some
people may never be happy, it is important that we are considerate of others
w ho do not sha re our passion. This
includes individual stations looking for
casual contacts as we ll as net opera-

using Force 12 XR5

and Delta 240 beams!

:'" !I, :o;..

-, .\r;- "' I~l" "'
~ t "r/
'. J r:.a"~
..I 1,' 1

tiona. While no one person has the right

to any frequency, consider the consequences of politely responding to sta tions asking fo r use of a certain
frequency at a specific time. You may
be able to put a few of those stations
in your log if you ask them for a contact in exchange for moving off frequency. When this occurs, everyone
gets what they wa nt and you become
a goodwill ambassador for conteste rs
everywhere.
Consi derate ope rating also inclu des
listening before calling ca. Not hing is

more annoying than having someone

CO right on your frequency, interrupting a OSO in progress. Some of the
biggest offenders can be big-gun contest stations who should know better. Of
course, the heat of battle, fatigue, and
confusion can cause mistakes to be
made. However, intentionally transmitting without liste ning first and asking if
the frequency is in use is just poor operating practice and can make enemies
bo th insi de and outside the contest
community.

Take Advantage 01
the Great Conditions
Now is the time to get on the band s and
make the suns pots work for you. As
many an oldtimer has said, "there are
no meters like ten meters" and that is
so true at the peak of the sunspot cycle.
If you are into OX, it's much easier to
work it on 10 meters. The band tends to
be direct ional and sometimes you'll only
work stations in one small area . This
can wo rk to your advantage as you
might be the only one who has a strong
signal there. If the re are multipliers in
that area , you'll be in luck and will have
an easy pick of them.
The contest season is st ill mostly
ahead of us w ith the CQ WPX and
AAA L OX contests upcoming this winter and early spring . Check solar conditions and get on the air and check out
10 and 15 meters when the solar flux is
high. You'll be glad you did.

I wish you all the best for a happy and

healthy 2012! I hope to CU on the airon
Dennis McAlpine , K2SX, at his South Carolina station. (Photo courtesy of K2SX) 10 meters this year!
73, George , N2GA
_

.cq-amateur-radlo.com

January 2012 CO

97

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In

Solar Cycle 24 Finally Active

2011

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a
1

A Quick look at Current Cycle 24

Conditions

One Year Ago: A Quick Look at

(Data rounded to nearest whole number)

(Data rounded to nearest whole number)

Sunspots
Observed Monthly. October 20 11 : 88
Twelve-month smoothed. April 2011: 42

10.7 em Flux
Observed Monthly, October 2011: 137
Twelv~month smoothed, April 201 1: 100

Aplndex
Observed Monthly, October 20 11 : 7
Twelve-month smoothed, April 2011: a

Solar Cycle Cond itions

Sunspots
Observed Monthly. October 2010: 24
Twelve-month smoothed. April 2010: 14
10.7 em Flux
Observed Monthly, October 2010: 82
Twelvemonth smoothed, April 2010: 78
Aplndex
Observed Monthly. October 2010: 6
Twelve-month smoothed. April 2010: 6

Moderate 2011 CO WW SSB

Contest Conditions
The 201 1 CO Wand-Wide OX SSB Contest weekend
of October 29-30 started off with great geomagnetic
activity conditions. Geomagnetic activity was very quiet,

making lor a very stable ionosphere. Sunspot counts

were incredible, though! On the first contest day the
sunspot count was 73 (compared to a year ago, when

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the count was 32 on both days). The 10 .7-em solar flux

index was 123 and 127, compared with last year's 85
and 8 1. All of the HF conlest bands were usable, including 10 meters! The contest yielded great results for most

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Significant number of sunspot cycle records

were made during the second half of 2011 as
solar Cycle 24 rapidly increased in sunspot
activity. For instance, on August 9, 2011, the most
powerful x-ray flare so far recorded during the new
cycle was measured at a peak of X6 .9, originating
from active sunspot region 1263. The movie at
<http://g.nw7us. uslvUzwz> reveals a powerful release of energy that pulses with light. The event released x-ray, extreme ultraviolet, and radio energy
that resulted in an R3-level radio blackout, and a
Type-II radioburst that washeard on radio receivers .
Table I shows the top ten most powerful x-ray
flares so far occurring since the start of Cycle 24.
One of these flares, occurring on September 22,
peaking at magnitude X1.4, was a stunning show
of huge magnetic loops and originated at one of
the largest sunspot regions of 201 1. You can see
this spectacular eruption in various different wavelengths (capturing the Sun and the x-ray flare in
various temperatures ranging from 4500 degrees
Celsius to more than several million degrees
Celsius') at < http://g.nw7us.uslt8Zcmo>.
The largest active sunspot region of solar Cycle
24 as of press-time (in mid-November) was NOAA
Active Region 1339 (which was also the origin of
the xt.s-cass x-ray flare on November 3. 2011,
the tourth largest so far in this cycle), a huge 1400
solar units in size. The active sunspot region 1302.

trmail: <nw7us@nwl us. us>

98

co January 2012

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on September 25. was only 1300 solar units in size!

The unit of a sunspot area is measured in millionths
of the Sun's visible hemisphere;the largest sunspot
group on record had an area of 6100 millionths on
Apri l B. 1947.

The highest daily sunspot count so far in the new

cycle occurred on November 9, at 208, when the
total sunspot area was a huge 2102 solar units. the
largest sunspot area yet during this cycle (as of
press time). The day with the highest 10.7-em radio
flux reading so far was September 9. 2011. when
it reached 190. All 01 these records come after
Visit Our Web Site

roug hly eight long years since the Sun had the sa me level of
activity.

Good Conditions lor 2012

There is no mistaking it, now . The new solar cycle is well
under way. The autumn season of 2011 was the most exciting OX season in years. This new year. 20 12, promises to
be alive with opportunity on all HF bands, as the cycle continues to move toward the solar cycle maximum.
Here is an overview of expected propagation conditions on
each amateur band between 6 and 160 meters for 2012.
6 Meters: The steady increase in solar activity had already
given hint of life on the -Magic Band" late last year. We should
see action on 6 meters not only during the summer trope and
sporadic- E season, but increasingly as we move into the year
we should see an increase in F-region propagation as the 10.7em radio flux climbs higher. Of course. aurora will playa role
during spring and fall . Meteor-scatter propagation offers an
occasional peak in activity, as wel l. By the end of 2012, we'll
see active periods whn the F-region becomes the propagation mode for this band.
10 and 12 Meters: These bands will finally be players this
year, and not just during times of sporadic-E activity. During
the first quarter of 2012 these bands will be temperamental .
They will become more and more stable and reliable as the
cycle moves ever closer to the peak (which is fo reca st for
2013. but which this columnist expects in 20 14 or 2015).
Remembe r, when these bands are open, it does not take a
lot of power nor does it take elaborate antenna systems to
work OX, because signals are not absorbed by the lower
ionospheric regions as much as are signals on lower frequenc ies, suc h as on 20 meters, for instance. This year will
be exciting for these two bands.
15 and 17 Meters : These bands should be major daytime
players. They wi ll remain open for OX an hour or two afte r
dark, and open about an hour or two before sunrise , providing OX into most regions of the wo rld, following the Sun
throughout the day. Along with 20 meters, these bands will
suffer more during x-ray flares than the higher bands suc h
as 12 and 10 meters.
20 Meters: This band is going to be the 24- ho ur workhorse
band. Expect reliable conditions during the da ylight hou rs,
with OX openings possible to many areas of th e world
throughout the year. OX conditions on this band tend to peak
for a few hours after local sunrise and again during the sunset period, b ut also provide OX via long path and into various regions of the world even during hours of darkness, wh en
the 10.7-cm radio flu x is higher. There will be moderate nighttime openings especially during the spring and autumn OX

Cla ss

Date (all In 2011 )

X6.9

August 9
February 15
September 6
November 3
September 24
September 7
March 9
September 22
August 4
July 30

X2.2
X2.1
X1.9
X1.9
X1.8
X1.5
X1.4
M9.3
M9.3

NOAA A ctive Reg ion

1263
1158
1283
1339
1302
1283
1166
1302
121
1200

Table 1- The top ten most powerful x-ray flares so far occurring since the start of Cycle 24.

.cq.amaleur-fadlo.com

seasons . The only caveat is du ring geomagnetic storms and

x-ray flare activity, whe n this band suffe rs.
30 Meters : W ith Cycle 24 offering more sunspot activity,
conditions on this ba nd offer strong openings, especially a
few hours before sunset until a few hours afte r sunrise. In
2012 thirty meters will be an exciting ba nd for those lowpower digital signals. Winter brings longer nights, p roviding
the right mix for exceptional worldwide OX.
40,60,80, and 160 Meters : These are nighttime OX bands.
Great worldwide OX should continue on 40 meters from about

Fig. I- A magnitude M4 .3x-ray flare is captured by the Solar

Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging
Assembly (AlA) at 2202 UTC on November 2,2011 . Notice
the interaction between the sunspot region where the flare
occurs (circled in yellow) and the sunspot region to the south,
as seen by a huge arch of solar plasma formed by powerful
magnetic field lines. As the final months of 2011 progressed,
the Sun unleashed more and more of these M-class flares,
and even more smaller, C-class flares. with a few stronger
X-elass flares thrown in for good measure. (Source:
NASAISDOIAIA)

January 2012 CO

99

two hours before sunset 10 approximately two hours after sunrise during all
seasons. Expect coast-to-coast OX in
60 meters. OX openings on 80 and 160
should peak during the early spring. late
fall, and winter months. Expect somewhat stronger signals than those of last
year.

January Propagalion

Fig. 2- The largest active sunspot region yet in Solar Cycle 24 was measured
on November 3. 20 11. with NOAA Active Region 1339 measuring a massive
1400 solar units in size (see text)! As the region continued to rota te across the
sola r disc. it helped keep the high frequencies alive with OX, as the 10.7-em Radio
Flux remained in the mid- to upper l 00s. and the background hard x-ray flux
Sunspot regions with large spots are not
remained in the high B to low
unusual. though most sunspot regions tend to be smaller. with many of them
spread out around the solar disc. (Source : NASAISDOlHelioseismic and
Magnetic tmager (HMIj)

c-cese.

Fig. 3- This is a colorized view of the giant active sunspot region NOAA AR 1339
taken on November 6. 20 11. In this HMI Magnetogram, the color red represents
a negative magnetic polarity, and blue represents a positive poslarity. The cotors green and yellow are a discontinuous color gradient showing lower ms qnetic field strengths either side of zero. As has been explained in previous issues of
this column. sunspot regions have magnetic polarity, at least bipolar. though o ften
more complex with multiple poles. as complex magnetic structures punch through
the sunspot region from deep within the Sun, out into the corona, and then back
into the Sun either nearby in the same sunspot region. or sometimes, farther
away in another sunspot region. (Source: NA SAISDOIHMI)

100

co January 2012

It should be a toss-up between 17 and

20 meters for some great OX propagation openings during the daylight hours.
These bands should open to most areas
of the world . often wi th very strong signals . Seventeen met ers may have a
slight edge before noon, with 20 meters
taking the lead after noon and becoming the optim um OX band during the tate
afternoon hours. Short-skip openings
between distances of about 1200 and
2300 miles should be excellent during
the daylight hours. Excellent short-skip
openings are expected on 15 and 17
meters from shortly after sunrise
through the early evening hours for distances between 1000 and 2300 miles.
Twenty meters is expected to be a solid
band with openings for both OX and
short-skip. OX conditions should peak
during a window of an hour or so right
after sunrise and again during the late
afternoon and early evening hours.
Short-skip openings between approxi mately 1300 and 2300 mi tes should be
possible lrom just after sunrise to as late
as midnight. Shorter distance openings
should also be possible from mid-morning 10 mid-afternoon.
The optim um band for OX conditions
during the hours of darkness should be
40 meters. Expect openings to most
areas of the worl d from shortly before
sundown , through the hours of darkness, and until shortly after sunrise.
Signal levels may be exceptionally
strong at times. During the daylight
hours, short-skip conditions should be
opt imal for openings between approximately 100 and 600 m iles. Skip will
lengthen during the late afternoon, and
by nightfall short-sk ip conditions should
be optimal for openings between 600
and 2300 miles.
Expect 60 meters to playa significant
role in nightly OX across the Un ited
States. With very low noise levels this
month, the weaker sig nals of 60 meters
will be easy to copy.
Because atmospheric noise levels will
be at seasonally minimum levels in the
Northern Hemisphere during January,
the 80- and t eo-meter bands should also
be hot. Expect some good openings to
many parts of the world on 80 meters

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during the hours of darkness and the

sunrise period . Short-skip openings
between distances 01 50 and 250 miles
should be optimal on 80 meters during
the daylight hours. During the later afternoon and early evening hours short-skip
openings should increase to between
250 and 1500 miles, and by nightfall
openings up to and beyond 2300 miles
should be possible.
Expect some OX openings on the
15O-meter band during the hours of
darkness. Open ings towards Europe
and the east should peak at about mid
night. Openings towards the South
Pacific and in a generally southerly
direction may be possible just before
daybreak, as well as openings into Asia
and North Pacific. Short -skip open ings
up to 1300 miles should be possible during the hours of darkness, and frequently the skip wilt extend out as far as
2300 miles. During the daylight hours
intense ionospheric absorption will
severely limit openings, although some
may be possible at times up to 150miles
or so.
VHF Cond itions

Sporadic-E can occur during January,

so be on the lookout. This has happened right around New Year's Day and
that week. After that, it is rare.
The Ouantrantids meteor shower is
the major meteor shower for January
and appears from January 1 to January
5. The maximum should occur on
January 3. This shower can sometimes
be quite intense, so it may be a good
idea to set up some 2- and 6-meter
schedules. Morning meteor openings
may be the best bet during this month.
Check out CO VHF magazine's "VHF
Propagation" column for an in-depth
look at propagation on VHF and above.

Current Solar Cycle Progress

The Royal Observatory of Belgium
reports that the monthly mean observed
sunspot number for October 2011 is
88.0. The lowest daily sunspot value of
48 was recorded for October8.The highest daily sunspot count was 136 on
October 21. The 12-month running
smoothed sunspot number centered on
April 201 1 is 41 .8. A smoothed sunspot
count of 76, give or take about 9 points
is expected for January 2012.
The Dominion Radio Astrophysical
Observatory at Penticton, BC, Canada,
reports a 10.7-em observed monthly
mean solar flux of 137.2 for October
2011.The 12-monthsmoothed 10.7-em
flux centered on April2011 is 100.4. The
predicted smoothed to.7-em solar flux
www.cq-amateur-f"adio.com

for January 2012 is 126. give or take

about 9 points.
The observed monthly mean planetary A-index (Ap) for October 2011 is 7,
which is quiet. The 12-month smoothed
Ap index centered on April 2011 is 7.5.
Expect the overall geomagnetic activity to be varying greatly between quiet
to stormy during January. Refer to the
Last-Minute Forecast at the beginning
of this column for the outlook on cooditions during January 2012.

I welcome your thoughts, questions,

and experiences regarding this fascinating science of propagation. You may
e-mail me, write me a letter, or catch me
on the HF amateur bands. Please come
and participate in my online propagation discussion forum at <http://
forums.hfradio.org/>. If you are on
Facebook, check out <http://www.
Iacebook.com/spacewx.hrraoto and
<http://www.facebook.comlNW7US>.
Speaking of Facebook, check out the
CO Amateur Radio Magazine fan page:
<http://www.facebook.comlCQMag>.
With all the new solar cycle activity,
I'll be keeping my ears to the radio, hoping to hear you on the air. Happy OXI
73, Tomas, NW7US

N3ZNKEYS
CUSJrM PIlXlES

till*: nI SIr9t ~

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-----

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Fun to read, interesting from cover to cover, written so you can understand
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It's more than j ust a magazine. It's an Institution.
co also sponsors these wor1d-famous award program s and con tests:
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Phone 516-681-2922 FAX 516-681-2926
January 2012 CO

101

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