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INSTRUCTION SHEET
A. Exponents - An exponent is a shorthand way of writing multiplication of
the same number
10 - 10 is the base number
It is read: Ten to the third power
3 is the exponent
It means: 10 x 10 x 10
(The exponent tells how many times a number should be multiplied by
itself)
Example 1: 44 = 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 256
Example 2: 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 = 86
Example 3: 5 + 2 = (5 x 5 x 5) + (2 x 2) = 125 + 4 = 129
Example 4:
55 = 3125
54 = 625
53 = 125
52 = 25
51 = 5
50 = 1
any number to the zero power equals 1
= 2
100 = 10
169 = 13
9
=
64
Example 4:
3
8
When a number will not result in a perfect square, it can be estimated or a calculator with the
(square root) function can be used.
Example 5:
36 = 6
40 6.3
and
because,
Example 2:
46
73
84
92
5x5x5x5
7x7x7x7x7
2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2
11 x 11 x 11
12 x 12
Find the value of each expression. (Hint: Remember to use proper order of
operations.)
34 + 26
72 x 8 4 =
5 + 70 =
65 1 9 =
4 + 18 3 - 3 x (8 - 6) =
Which of the expressions listed below will result in a perfect square?
576
789
169
215
72
196
.36
.625
625
27
32
531441
216
64
12(
49
)2
25
49
-5
0.0196
10
+9
250
10
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
INSTRUCTION SHEET
To write long numbers, it is typical to use scientific notation, a system based on
the powers of 10.
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
=
=
=
=
=
=
.1
.01
.001
.0001
.00001
.000001
If I move the decimal 8 places to the right (positive direction), I will end up
with 435,000,000 my original number
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
260,000
10, 400,000
.0000042
.000204
equals
equals
equals
equals
2.6 x 10 5
1.04 x 10 7
4.2 x 10 -6
2.04 x 10-4
If I have 5.4 x 10-7 I can convert this to decimal by simply moving the decimal
point 7 places to the left (negative exponent)
5.4 x 10-7 = .00000054
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Scientific Notation
Practice
Write in ordinary notation:
1.
2.54 101
2.
6.19 103
3.
8.07 108
4.
1.05 1010
5.
4.64 10-1
6.
7.04 10-3
7.
3.02 10-5
8.
4.16 10-8
9.
1.29 100
10.
5.02 100
575
12.
87,400
13.
2,010,000
14.
603,000,000,000
15.
0.643
16.
0.000802
17.
0.00000404
18.
0.000000000269
20.
1.00
19.
2.34
WORD PROBLEMS
PRACTICE SHEET
2. One angstrom is 1 x 10-7 millimeter. When written in standard notation, how many
zeros will your answer have?
3. One light year is approximately 5.87 x 1012 miles. Use scientific notation to express
this distance in feet (Hint: 5,280 feet = 1 mile).
4. John travels regularly for his job. In the past five years he has traveled approximately
355,000 miles. Convert his total miles into scientific notation.
5. The mass of one proton is approximately 1.7 x 10-24 gram. Use scientific notation to
express the mass of 1 million protons.