ASSIGNMENT : C++ PROGRAMMING

1. Who is Written C++ ?

Bjarne Stroustrup
Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, began his work on C++'s predecessor "C
with Classes" in 1979The motivation for creating a new language originated from
Stroustrup's experience in programming for his Ph.D. thesis. Stroustrup found
that Simula had features that were very helpful for large software development, but the
language was too slow for practical use, while BCPL was fast but too low-level to be
suitable for large software development. When Stroustrup started working in AT&T Bell
Labs, he had the problem of analyzing the UNIX kernel with respect to distributed
computing. Remembering his Ph.D. experience, Stroustrup set out to enhance
the C language with Simula-like features. C was chosen because it was generalpurpose, fast, portable and widely used. As well as C and Simula's influences, other
languages also influenced C++, including ALGOL 68, Ada, CLU and ML.

2. State statements below and give an example application in C++ Program.

a. Go to
Goto statement is used for unconditional jump, makes difficult to trace the
control flow of program and should be avoided in order to make smoother
program.
EXAMPLE:

b. While
The test of expression takes place before each execution of the loop; therefore,
a while loop executes zero or more times. expression must be of an integral type, a
pointer type, or a class type with an unambiguous conversion to an integral or pointer
type .A while loop can also terminate when a break , go to, or return within the statement
body is executed. Use continue to terminate the current iteration without exiting
the while loop. continue passes control to the next iteration of the while loop.
EXAMPLE:

c. Break and Continue

BREAK
In C++ break statement is used for the termination of the loop statement
and switch case statement. Below is the syntax of the break statement.
EXAMPLE:

CONTINUE
The continue statement forces the next iteration of the loop to take place, skipping
remaining code in between.

In the case of the for loop as soon as after the execution of continue statement,
increment/decrement statement of the loop gets executed. After the execution of
increment statement, condition will be checked.

In case of the while loop, continue statement will take control to the condition
statement.

In case of the do.while loop, continue statement will take control to the condition
statement specified in the while loop.

EXAMPLE:

WHILE TRUE
This is commonly called "infinite loop". Yet it is not technically infinite - it will stop once
control flows through break.
EXAMPLE:

DO / WHILE

The test of the termination condition is made after each execution of the loop; therefore,
a dowhile loop executes one or more times, depending on the value of the termination
expression.
The do-while statement can also terminate when a break, go to, or return statement is
executed
within the statement body.

JUMP / LOOP
A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write
a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

IF / ELSE
An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which
execute when the boolean expression is false.