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Causes:
Congenital
Infection
Atherosclerosis
Medications:
Analgesics
Hydralazine
Corticosteroids
Nursing Management:
Repair
o Clipping
o Ligating
o Wrapping
Bed rest at darkened room (4-6 weeks)
No aspirin
No coffee
HEAD INJURY
Class:
Laceration
Skull Injury
Brain Injury
Concussion – jarring of brain due to forceful contact with the rigid skull
- Unconscious
Laceration – brain forced against rough & sharp edges meninges & vessels are
torn
- Torned vessels
Compression – from a depressed fracture, with edema & swelling & IC hemorrhage
- Epidural
- Subdural
- Subarachnoid
Nursing Management:
Ensure patent airway
Keep spine straight
Flexion & hyperextension is avoided if cervical fracture is suspected
General care:
Established airway
Prevent aspiration pneumonia
Check for cardiovascular condition
Search for spine injuries
Prevention of infection
Control pain
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Nursing Management:
Avoid serving food that is too hot or cold
Medications:
TEGRETOL – for pain
BELLE’S PALSY
Cause:
Inflammation of auditory meatus
Infection
Hemorrhage
Tumor
Meningitis
Local traumatic injury
Medications:
PREDNISONE – to reduce facial nerve edema, imp nerve conduction & imp blood
flow
Nursing Management:
Recovery 3-5 weeks
Apply moist heat
Eye care, eye patch or eye drops
Massage face in upward motion, 2 – 3x daily in 5-10 minutes
Teach client to do facial expression
Causes:
Tumor
Accumulation of fluids in ventricular system
Hemorrhage
Edematous brain tissue
Trauma
Intracranial Volume:
Brain Tissue H20 - 20 %
CSF - 10%
Blood - 10%
3 Compensations:
1. Limit blood flow
2. Displace CSF to spinal fluid
3. Increase absorption or decrease production of CSF, thru excretion on kidneys
Complications:
Brain death
Cardial arrest
Respiratory arrest
LATE
Pupil dilatation
Posturing
Cheyne-stokes breathing
Papilledema
Widening pulse pressure
Altered pupil size
Diagnostic Test:
CT Scan
MRI
Medical Management:
Subdural Tap – needle onto anterior fontanel
Ventricular Tap – needle onto ventricles to release CSF
Hyperventilation – via mechanical ventilator to decrease CO2 levels in blood
Medications:
1. Antibiotics
2. Corticosteroids
3. Osmotic Diuretics
4. Barbiturates
5. Anti-convulsant
Nursing Management:
1. Monitor GCS
2. Monitor ICP
3. Ensure patent airway
4. Safety