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(2008 Course) (Sem.

- II)
Time :3 Hours]

[Max. Marks :100

Instructions to the candidates:


1) Answer any three questions from each section.
2) Answer to the two sections should be written in separate books.
3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
5) Use of electronic non - programmable pocket calculator is allowed.
6) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

SECTION - I
Q1) a) Using a differential element approach, derive conservation of mass
equation and further show that .u 0 is also a valid form of continuity
equation for a stratified fluid in which fluid particles slide along layers of
distinct density.
[10]
b) Comment onto the properties of the stress tensor in the context of
expressing in terms of velocity components and thermodynamic
pressure in the momentum equation.
[6]
Q2) a) Flow between parallel plates is driven by movement of the top surface as
well as a prescribed pressure gradient. Develop an expression and sketch
the fully developed velocity profile. Determine the magnitude of the
adverse pressure gradient that reduces the shear stress on the stationery
wall to zero.
[8]
b) A spherical ash particle of a erupted volcano, of diameter 60 m, falling
in air whose temperature is 50C and pressure 55 kPa, begins to settle
to ground. The density of the particle is 1240 kg/m3. Assume density of
air 0.8588 kg/m3 and viscosity, = 1.474 105 kg/m.s. Verify the
appropriate approximation of the fluid flow and Estimate terminal velocity
of the particle at this altitude.
[8]
Q3) a) Using Blasius flow over a flat plate, derive Falkner - Skan equation and
calculate wall shear stress for wedge flows.
[8]
P.T.O.

b) A small low speed wind tunnel is to be designed for calibration of hot


specimens. The test section of the wind tunnel is 30 cm. in diameter and
30 cm in length. The wind speed in the tunnel ranges from 1 to 8 m/s and
the design is to be optimized for air speed of 4 m/s through the test section.
Assume steady and incompressible air flow with kinematic viscosity
= 1.507 105 m2/s. The walls of the tunnel are smooth and disturbances
and vibrations are minimum. Calculate accelerated centerline air speed at
the end of the test section considering displacement thickness.
[8]
Q4) Write short note on any three of the following

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a) Ideal fluid flow concepts.


b) Stream function.
c) Couette flow.
d) Drag, lift and flow separation.
SECTION - II
Q5) a) Derive the Orr - Sommerfeld equation for hydrodynamic stability.
b) Explain in brief Prandtls Mixing length hypothesis.

[8]
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Q6) a) Derive and explain the logarithmic law (universal velocity profile) for
smooth and partially rough surfaces.
[8]
b) How the velocity and pressure fluctuations produced, destroyed and
transported in the turbulent flows? Explain.
[8]
Q7) a) State and discuss Rankine - Hugoniot relations for normal shock in the
context of second law of thermodynamics.
[8]
b) An aircraft is flying at a speed of 250 m/s at an altitude of 5000 m where
the atmospheric pressure is 54.05 kPa and ambient air temperature is
255.7 K. The ambient air is first decelerated in a diffuser before it enters
the compressor. Assume both the diffuser and compressor to be
isentropic. Determine the stagnation pressure at the compressor inlet. If
stagnation pressure ratio of the compressor is 8, calculate the required
compressor work per unit mass.
[8]
Q8) Write short note on any three of the following
a) Characteristics of turbulence.
b) K - epsilon model.
c) Converging diverging nozzle.
d) Compressible boundary layers.

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