Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Week XII
Even Semester - 2014/2015
Departemen Teknik Kimia Universitas Indonesia
COURSE OUTCOMES
1. RECOGNIZE
all
the
piping
and
instrumentation symbols,
2. CHOOSE suitable symbols and
3. DEVELOP the piping systems and the
specification
of
the
process
instrumentation,
equipment,
piping,
valves, fittings; and their arrangement in
P&ID for the process plant design.
OUTLINES
TYPES of piping and
instrumentation symbols.
How to CHOOSE the suitable
symbols in control system?
How to DEVELOP the piping
systems and the specification of the
process instrumentation,
equipment, piping, valves, fittings.
Block Flow
Diagram (BFD)
Process Flow
Diagram (PFD)
PROCESS
DIAGRAMS
Process equipments
symbol and
numbering
Piping and
Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID)
The processes described in the BFD, are then broken down into
basic functional elements such as reaction and separation sections.
Also identify the recycle streams and additional unit operations to
achieve the desired operating conditions.
Toluene, C7H8
10,000 kg/hr
Reactor
Hydrogen H2
820 kg/hr
C6H6
Gas Separator
Benzene, C6H6
8,210 kg/hr
CH4
C7H8
Mixed Liquid
75% Conversion of
Toluene
Reaction : C7H8 + H2
C6H6 + CH4
Example :
Production of Ethane from Ethanol
Ethanol is feed to continuous reactor with presence of Acid Sulphuric
catalyzer to produce ethylene. Distillation process then will be applied to
separate ethylene-H2O mixture. Ethylene as a top product is then
condensate with condenser to perform liquid ethylene. Hydrogenation
of ethylene applies in another reactor with presence of Nickel catalyzer
to produce ethane as a final product. Develop BFD for these processes.
H2SO4
CH3CH2OH
CH2=CH2 + H2
Answer:
Ni
Hot water
out
Ethylene,
CH2CH2 (g)
CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH3CH3
Ethylene liq.
CH2CH2 (l)
Ethanol,
C2H5OH
H2SO4
Reactor 1
CH2CH2
H2O
Cold
water in
Distillation
column
H2O
Reactor 2
Hydrogen,
H2 Ni
Ethane,
CH3CH3
Example :
Ammonia-air mixture is feed to the bottom stream of an absorber with flow rate of
10L/min. Water then feed to the upper stream of the same absorber with desired
flow rate of 5L/min. There are two outputs from the absorber where upper stream is
insoluble NH3 and bottom stream is NH3-Water mixture. This NH3-water mixture then
feed up to a batch distillation column. The column produces ammonia gas as a top
product which this product then will be condensate with a condenser to produce
liquid ammonia. Develop Block Flow Diagram (BFD) for this process.
Hot water
out
Insoluble
ammonia
Water 5 L/min
Ammonia
liquid
Ammonia gas
Condenser
Batch
Distillation
Absorber
Cold water
in
Ammonia-water mixture
Ammonia-air mixture 10 L/min
2. Utility
Streams
1. Major Pieces Of
Equipment
PFD
4. Basic Control
Loops
3. Process Flow
Streams
PFD will contains the following information:1. All major pieces of equipment (descriptive
name, unique equipment no.), pumps and valves.
2. All the utility streams supplied to major
equipments such as steam lines, compressed air
lines, electricity, etc.
Description
Symbol
Description
Heat exchanger
Heater coil
H2O
Water cooler
Centrifugal pump
Steam heater
Cooling coil
Pressure gauge
Name
Description
Stripper
A
separator
unit
used
commonly to liquid mixture
into gas phase.
Absorber
A
separator unit used
commonly to extract mixture
gas into liquid phase.
Distillation
A
separator
unit
used
commonly to crack liquid
contains
miscellaneous
component fractions.
column
Liquid mixer
Reaction
chamber
Horizontal tank
or cylinder
Name
Description
Boiler
Centrifuge
Name
Symbol
Name
Gate Valve
Relief Valve
Globe Valve
Needle Valve
Ball Valve
3-Way Valve
Check Valve
Butterfly Valve
Angle Valve
Butterfly Valve
Example 4
Production of Ethane from Ethanol
Ethanol is feed to continuous reactor with presence of Acid Sulphuric catalyzer to produce
ethylene. Distillation process then will be applied to separate ethylene-H2O mixture.
Ethylene as a top product is then condensate with condenser to perform liquid ethylene.
Hydrogenation of ethylene applies in another reactor with presence of Nickel catalyzer to
produce ethane as a final product. Develop PFD for these processes.
H2SO4
CH3CH2OH
CH2=CH2 + H2
CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH3CH3
Ni
R-100
P-100
T-100
E-100
P-101
R-101
Reactor
Pump
Distillation Column
Condenser
Pump
Reactor
Ethylene
E-100
V-104
Ethylene
liq.
Cold water in
CV-100
Ethanol
V-100
H2SO4
V-101
V-103
R-100
P-100
T-100
V-106
CV-101
V-105
Hydrogen
V-102
V-107
H2O
Ni
P-101
R-101
Ethane
Example 5
T-101
E-100
Absorber Column
Batch Distillation
Column
Condenser
Insoluble ammonia
gas
Ammonia liquid
Water 5 L/min
Cold water in
Ammonia-air
mixture 10 L/min
Ammonia-water mixture
Supplemental Information
Hot water
out
Ethylene
Ethylene
Cold
water in
Ethylene liq.
Ethanol
Cold
water in
Ethanol
H2SO4
Hydrogen
Ni
H2O
Ethane
H2SO4
Ethylene liq.
Hydrogen
Ni
H2O
P-100 A
P-100 A/B
P-100 B
In PFD
In Real Plant
Ethane
2. Utility
Streams
1. Major Pieces Of
Equipment
PFD
4. Basic Control
Loops
3. Process Flow
Streams
Yes
No
No
Example
R-100
Reactor
P-100
T-100
E-100
P-101
R-101
Pump
Distillation Column
Condenser
Hot water out
Pump
Reactor
Ethylene
Ethylene
liq.
E-100
V-104
Cold water in
V-106
T-100
CV-100
CV-101
V-105
Ethanol
V-101
V-100
H2SO4
Hydrogen
V-102
V-107
V-103
R-100
P-100
Ni
H2O
R-101
Ethane
P-101
Hot water
out
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
E-100
6
V-104
T-100
CV-100
Ethanol 1
H2SO4
V-100
V-101
V-102
Cold water
CV-101
in
V-105
V-103
R-100
H2O
9
R-101
8
7
P-100
Hydrogen
Ni
V-107
V-106
P-101
Ethane
10
24
9
7
10
600
24
12
11
4
24
Pressure
13
10.3
Mass Flowrate
108
Molar Flowrate
Gas Flowrate
Liquid
Flowrate
Example - cont
R-100
P-100
T-100
E-100
P-101
R-101
Reactor
Pump
Distillation Column
Condenser
Pump
Reactor
Hot water
out
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
E-100
6
V-104
T-100
25
28
Ethanol
H2SO4
Cold
water in CV-101
V-106
CV-100
V-105
V-101
V-100
V-102
Hydrogen
V-103
R-100
2
35
32.2
P-100
20
38
35
31.0
Ni
V-107
R-101
8
7
9
Ethane
10
H2O
P-101
10
Temperature
(oC)
25.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
60.3
41
38
54.0
45.1
Pressure (psi)
28
32.2
31.0
31.0
30.2
45.1
31.3
24.0
39.0
2.6
Mass flow
(tonne/hr)
10.3
13.3
0.82
20.5
6.41
20.5
0.36
9.2
20.9
11.6
Mole flow
(kmol/hr)
108
114.2
301.0
1204.0
758.8
1204.4
42.6
1100.8
142.2
244.0
Vapor fraction
Example 4- cont
R-100
P-100
T-100
E-100
P-101
R-101
Reactor
Pump
Distillation Column
Condenser
Pump
Reactor
Hot water
out
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
E-100
6
V-104
25
28
Ethanol
H2SO4
T-100
CV-100
1
V-100
V-101
V-106
CV-101
V-105
20
38
V-103
R-100
35
32.2
V-102
Cold
water in
Hydrogen
Ni
V-107
35
31.0
H2O
Ethane
R-101
10
P-101
P-100
Stream Number
10
Temperature (oC)
25.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
60.3
41
38
54
45.1
28
32.2
31.0
31.0
30.2
45.1
31.3
24.0
39
2.6
10.3
13.3
0.82
20.5
6.41
20.5
0.36
9.2
20.9
11.6
108
114.2
301.0
1204.0
758.8
1204.4
42.6
1100.8
142.2
244.0
Pressure (psi)
Vapor fraction
1. Major Pieces Of
Equipment
2. Utility
Streams
PFD
4. Basic Control
Loops
3. Process Flow
Streams
PFD will contains the following information:- Basic control loops: showing the control
strategy used to operate the process under
normal operations.
E XAMPLE 4 - CONT
R-100
P-100
T-100
E-100
P-101
R-101
Reactor
Pump
Distillation Column
Condenser
Pump
Reactor
Hot water
out
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
E-100
6
V-104
25
28
Ethanol
H2SO4
Cold water in
LIC
V-106
T-100
CV-101
CV-100
V-101
20
V-103
R-100
35
32.2
38
V-100
V-102
V-105
Hydrogen
Ni
V-107
35
31.0
H2O
Ethane
R-101
10
LIC
P-101
P-100
Stream Number
10
Temperature (oC)
25.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
60.3
41
38
54
45.1
28
32.2
31.0
31.0
30.2
45.1
31.3
24.0
39
2.6
10.3
13.3
0.82
20.5
6.41
20.5
0.36
9.2
20.9
11.6
108
114.2
301.0
1204.0
758.8
1204.4
42.6
1100.8
142.2
244.0
Pressure (psi)
Vapor fraction
R-100
P-100
T-100
E-100
P-101
R-101
Reactor
Pump
Distillation Column
Condenser
Pump
Reactor
NOTE:
GATE VALVE
GLOBE VALVE
CHECK VALVE
Ethylene liq.
Ethylene E-100
PNEUMATIC DIAPHRAGM
VALVE
6
V-104
Cold water in
LIC
V-106
T-100
25
28
CV-101
CV-100
V-105
Ethanol
1
H2SO4
20
V-102
V-101
V-103
R-100
V-107
R-101
35
31.0
35
32.2
Hydrogen
9
Ni
38
V-100
Ethane
10
H2O
LIC
P-101
P-100
FLYSIS CHEMICAL
(M) SDN. BHD
Stream Number
10
Temperature (oC)
25.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
60.3
41
38
54
45.1
28
32.2
31.0
31.0
30.2
45.1
31.3
24.0
39
2.6
Pressure (psi)
Vapor fraction
Mass flow (tonne/hr)
10.3
13.3
0.82
20.5
6.41
20.5
0.36
9.2
20.9
11.6
108
114.2
301.0
1204.0
758.8
1204.4
42.6
1100.8
142.2
244.0
PROCESS FLOW
DIAGRAM
PRODUCTION OF
ETHANE FROM
ETHANOL
DRAWN BY :
APPROVED BY :
fs
ISSUED :
PAGE : 1 OF 1
Block Flow
Diagram (BFD)
Process Flow
Diagram (PFD)
PROCESS
DIAGRAMS
Process equipments
symbol and
numbering
Piping and
Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID)
PFD
P&ID
Sensing Element
Final Control
Element
Measuring
Element
Transmit
Element
Control Element
Transmitter
Set point
Controller
Transmitter
Fluid
Fluid
Orifice (Flow
Sensor)
Most RTD elements consist of a length of fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic
or glass core. The element is usually quite fragile, so it is often placed inside a
sheathed probe to protect it.
The RTD element is made from a pure material whose resistance at various
temperatures has been documented. The material has a predictable change in
resistance as the temperature changes; it is this predictable change that is used to
determine temperature.
Temperature
C
Ohms
-200
056
1.3
-100
0.32
0.8
0.12
0.3
100
0.30
0.8
200
0.48
1.3
300
0.64
1.8
400
0.79
2.3
500
0.93
2.8
600
1.06
3.3
650
1.13
3.6
Magnetic flow meters utilize the principle of Faradays Law of Induction; similar
principle of an electrical generator.
When an electrical conductor moves at right angle to a magnetic field, a voltage is
induced.
FLOW
SENSOR
FLOW SENSOR
4. Venturi Meter
A device for measuring flow of a fluid in terms of
the drop in pressure when the fluid flows into
the constriction of a Venturi tube.
TRANSMITTER
Transmitter is a transducer* that responds to a measurement variable and
converts that input into a standardized transmission signal.
*Transducer is a device that receives output signal from sensors.
Pressure Level
Transmitter
Differential Pressure
Transmitter
Pressure Transmitter
CONTROLLER
Controller is a device which monitors and affects the operational conditions of a
given dynamical system.
The operational conditions are typically referred to as output variables of the system
which can be affected by adjusting certain input variables.
Indicating Controller
Recording Controller
Pump
Control Valve
Heater
Block Flow
Diagram (BFD)
Process Flow
Diagram (PFD)
PROCESS
DIAGRAMS
Process equipments
symbol and
numbering
Piping and
Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID)
Field
mounted on
pipeline
Flow Controller
Flow Element
Flow Indicator
Flow Transmitter
Flow Switch
Flow Indicating Controller
Flow Control Valve
Flow Recording Controller
Pressure Controller
Pressure Gauge
Pressure Indicator
Pressure Recorder
PT
PTD
Pressure Transmitter
Pressure Transducer
LC
LG
LR
LT
LS
LIC
LCV
LRC
Level Controller
Level Gauge
Level Recorder
Level Transmitter
Level Switch
Level Indicating Controller
Level Control Valve
Level Recording Controller
TE
Temperature Element
PS
PIC
PCV
PRC
PDI
PDR
PDS
PDT
Pressure Switch
Pressure Indicating Controller
Pressure Control Valve
Pressure Recording Controller
Pressure Differential Indicator
Pressure Differential Recorder
Pressure Differential Switch
Pressure Differential Transmitter
TI
TR
TS
TC
TT
Temperature Indicator
Temperature Recorder
Temperature Switch
Temperature Controller
Temperature Transmitter
LC
LV 100
LC
V-100
LT
Complete control loop for LCV 101
LCV 101
PIPINGSometimes
AND also
INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)
known as Process & Instrumentation Diagram
Example 2
With using these following symbology;
PRV-100
PE
V-100
PIC
PE
PT
PIC
PT
CV-102
TK-102
CV-101
pHT 1
pHE 2
pHT 2
pHIC 1
pHIC 2
TK-100
pHE 1
TK-101
(acid feed tank)
CV-102
TK-102
pHT 2
pHE 2
pHIC 1
pHE 1
TK-100
(pH adjustment tank)
CV-101
pHT 1
pHTE
2
pHT 2
pHIC 1
pHIC 2
pHE 1
TK-101
(acid feed tank)
LT 1
FC
L3
L2
PCV-100
TK-100
LIC 1
L1
PCV-101
LT 2
V-100
L4
LIC 2
FC
LT 1
L3
L2
PRV-100
TK-100
LIC 1
LT 1
L1
LIC 2
FC
PRV-101
L5
LT 2
V-100
L4
LT 2
LIC 2
Block Flow
Diagram (BFD)
Process Flow
Diagram (PFD)
PROCESS
DIAGRAMS
Process equipments
symbol and
numbering
Piping and
Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID)
Instrumentation Numbering
XYY CZZLL
X represents a process variable to be measured.
(T=temperature, F=flow, P=pressure, L=level)
YY represents type of instruments.
C designates the instruments area within the plant.
ZZ designates the process unit number.
LL designates the loop number.
Instrumentation Numbering
LIC 10003
L
IC
= Indicating controller.
100
03
= Loop number 3
Instrumentation Numbering
FRC 82516
RC
= Recording controller
825
16
= Loop number 16
Block Flow
Diagram (BFD)
Process Flow
Diagram (PFD)
PROCESS
DIAGRAMS
Process equipments
symbol and
numbering
Piping and
Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID)