B.E.

InstituteofEngineering

CivilIIIYearIPart

5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
8.6

NUMERICAL METHODS
SH 553
Lecture : 3
Tutorial : 1
Practical : 3

Year : III
Part : I
6.

Courseobjective:
The course aims to introduce numerical methods used for the solution of
engineering problems. The course emphasizes algorithm development and
programmingandapplicationtorealisticengineeringproblems.
1.
Introduction,Approximationanderrorsofcomputation
(4hours)

1.1. Introduction,ImportanceofNumericalMethods
1.2. ApproximationandErrorsincomputation
1.3. Taylor'sseries
1.4. Newton's Finite differences (forward , Backward, central
difference,divideddifference)
1.5. Differenceoperators,shiftoperators,differentialoperators
1.6. Uses and Importance of Computer programming in Numerical
Methods.
2.
SolutionsofNonlinearEquations
(5hours)
2.1 Bisection Method
2.2 Newton Raphson method ( two equation solution)
2.3 Regula-Falsi Method , Secant method
2.4 Fixed point iteration method
2.5 Rate of convergence and comparisons of these Methods
3.
Solutionofsystemoflinearalgebraicequations
(8hours)
3.1 Gauss elimination method with pivoting strategies
3.2 Gauss-Jordan method
3.3 LU Factorization
3.4 Iterative methods (Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidel method)
3.5 Eigen value and Eigen vector using Power method
4.
Interpolation
(8hours)
4.1 Newton's Interpolation ( forward, backward)
4.2 Central difference interpolation: Stirling's Formula, Bessel's
Formula
4.3 agrange interpolation
4.4 Least square method of fitting linear and nonlinear curve for
discrete data and continuous function
4.4 Spline Interpolation (Cubic Spline)
5.
NumericalDifferentiationandIntegration
(6hours)
5.1 Numerical Differentiation formulae

7.

Maxima and minima

Newton-Cote general quadrature formula
Trapezoidal, Simpson's 1/3, 3/8 rule
Romberg integration
Gaussian integration ( Gaussian Legendre Formula 2 point and 3
point)
Solutionofordinarydifferentialequations
(6hours)
6.1 Euler's and modified Euler's method
6.2 Runge Kutta methods for 1st and 2nd order ordinary differential
equations
6.3 Solution of boundary value problem by finite difference method
and shooting method.
NumericalsolutionofPartialdifferentialEquation
(8hours)
7.1 Classification of partial differential equation(Elliptic, parabolic,
and Hyperbolic)
7.2 Solution of Laplace equation ( standard five point formula with
iterative method)
7.3 Solution of Poisson equation (finite difference approximation)
7.4 Solution of Elliptic equation by Relaxation Method
7.5 Solution of one dimensional Heat equation by Schmidt method

Practical:
Algorithm and program development in C programming language of following:
1.
Generatedifferencetable.
2.
At least two from Bisection method, Newton Raphson method, Secant
method
3.
At least one from Gauss elimination method or Gauss Jordan method.
FindinglargestEigenvalueandcorrespondingvectorbyPowermethod.
4.
Lagrangeinterpolation.CurvefittingbyLeastsquaremethod.
5.
Differentiation by Newton's finite difference method. Integration using
Simpson's3/8rule
6.
Solutionof1storderdifferentialequationusingRK4method
7.
Partialdifferentialequation(Laplaceequation)
8.
NumericalsolutionsusingMatlab.
References:
1.
Dr. B.S.Grewal, " Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science ",
KhannaPublication,7thedition.
2.
Robert J schilling, Sandra l harries , " Applied Numerical Methods for
EngineersusingMATLABandC.",3rdeditionThomsonBrooks/cole.
3.
Richard L. Burden, J.Douglas Faires, "Numerical Analysis 7th edition" ,
Thomson/Brooks/cole

4.
5.

John. H. Mathews, Kurtis Fink ," Numerical Methods Using MATLAB 3rd
edition",PrenticeHallpublication
JAANKIUSALAAS,"NumericalMethodsinEngineeringwithMATLAB",
CambridgePublication

Evaluation scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme
will be as indicated in the table below
Chapters
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total

Hours

Marksdistribution*

16

8
8
6
6
8
45

16
16
10
10
12
80
* There could be a

minor deviation in the marks distribution

systemic parameters like dimensions of system and elements and

theirmaterialproperties
1.11 Force and displacements as cause and effects; Betti's law and
Maxwell'sreciprocaltheorem,theirusesandthelimitations
1.12 TwotheoremsfromCastiglianoandtheirapplications:useofsecond
theorem for determination of displacements in statically
determinateandsolutionofstaticallyindeterminatesimplesystems
likebeamandtruss
1.13 Flexibilityandstiffness
1.14 Flexibilitymatrix
1.15 Stiffnessmatrix
1.16 Relationshipbetweenflexibilityandstiffnessmatrices
1.17 Forceanddisplacementmethods

THEORYOFSTRUCTURESII

Lecture : 3
Tutorial : 3
Practical : 2/2

Year : III
Part : I

CourseObjective:

Thethreefoldobjectiveofthecourseisto:
1. Familiarize the terminologies and concepts of displacements, stresses,
strains,stiffnessetc.andtheirparametersinthecontextofindeterminate
systems,
2. Practice in examples the basic concepts and theorems on static
(equilibrium),geometrical(compatibility)andphysical(Force,stiffnessand
displacements)conditionsinthecontextofindeterminatesystems,
3. Prepare the candidates for advanced courses in structural mechanics by
introducing to the necessary tools like matrix method, force method,
displacementmethod,plasticanalysisetc.

1. Introduction
(8hours)
1.1 Formulation of problems in theory of structure: functions of the
structural systems and the corresponding requirements/conditions
tobefulfilled,strength,stiffnessandstabilityofasystem
1.2 Conditionsandequations:static,compatibility,andphysical
1.3 Satisfactionofconditions
1.4 Boundaryconditions,partialrestraints
1.5 Solutionsofequations
1.6 Structureidealization,localandglobalcoordinatesystemsandstatic
anddeformationconventionsofsigns
1.7 Indeterminacy of structural systems its physical meanings and its
types
1.8 Degree of static indeterminacy of a system and its
determination/calculation: static indeterminacies; use of formula,
necessity of visual checking: for plane systems only in the form of
truss,frameandarch
1.9 Degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a system and its
determination/calculation: use of formula, necessity of visual
checking:forplanesystemsonlyintheformoftruss,frameandarch
1.10 Definitions and explanations of force and displacement for a
structural system as operational parameters in comparison with

2.

Forcemethod
(12hours)
2.1 Definitions and explanations; specialties of force method and its
limitations
2.2 Primarysystemswithreplacementsofstaticindeterminacies,choice
ofunknownsforforcequantitiesanditslimitations,primarysystem
withunitforcesforstaticindeterminacies,unitforcediagrams
2.3 Compatibility conditions and formulation of equations in matrix
form, system specific matrix and its dependency upon choice of
unknowns
2.4 Flexibilitymatrix:generationsandcalculations
2.5 Useofgraphicalmethodforcalculationofcoefficients(elementsof
flexibility matrix); derivation of formula for the standard case of
parabola and straight line, its extension to the case when both are
straightlines
2.6 Applications to beams and frames; three moment theorem, effects
of temperature variance and settlement of supports in beams and
frames,determinationofredundantreactionsormemberforcesina
beam (two to three spans) and frames (one storey two bay or two
storeyonebay),considerationofsettlementofsupport,variancein
internalandexternaltemperatureforbeams(uptotwospans)and
frames(portalonly)involvingnotmorethanfourunknowns.
2.7 Applicationstotrusses;effectsoftemperaturevarianceandmisfits
2.8 Applications to arches (parabolic and circular): simple cases of two
hinged and hinge less arches; cases of yielding of supports and
temperatureeffects,influencelinediagramsfortwohingedarches
2.9 Bending moment, shear force and normal thrust diagrams for the

abovementionedsystems(beams,framesandarches)

3.

4.

4.2 Neutral points (focus) in an unloaded beam span of a continuous

beamasfixedpointswithrespecttoloadonleftorrightofthespan,
left or right focal point ratios and recurrent formula for their
determination,focalpointratiosfortheextremespans
4.3 Useofthreemomentequationsandfocalpointratiostodetermine
supportmomentsinacontinuousbeam
4.4 NumericalmethodfordrawingILdiagramofsupportmomentsusing
focalpointratios
4.5 Use of IL of support moments to draw IL for other structural
quantitieslikesupportreactions,bendingmomentandshearforcein
thegivensection
4.6 MuellerBreslauprincipleitsphysicalmeaninganditsuse
4.7 ILdiagramsforreaction,bendingmomentandshearforceinvarious
sectionsofcontinuousbeams(twotothreespansonly)
4.8 Loading of the IL diagrams, determination of reaction, bending
momentandshearforceatasectionofacontinuousbeamforgiven
loads in the form of a concentrated force, couple and distributed
load

Displacementmethod
(15hours)
3.1 Definitions and explanations; specialties of Displacement method
anditslimitations
3.2 Primary system: kinematic indeterminacy and unit displacement
system,unitdisplacementdiagramsandtheirapplications
3.3 Choice of unknowns and its uniqueness in comparison with force
method
3.4 Equilibriumconditionsandformulationofequationsinmatrixform
3.5 Stiffness matrix its formation, properties and application as system
specific
3.6 Applications to beams and frames, effects of settlement of support
andtemperature
3.7 Applicationstotrusses,effectoftemperaturechange
3.8 Bending moment, shear force and normal thrust diagrams for the
systems
3.9 Fixed end moment, slope and deflection and their uses in beam
systems
3.10 Equilibriumconditionsofthejointsinbeamsandframes
3.11 Slopedeflectionequationsandtheirapplicationsinbeamsystems
3.12 Stiffnessofamemberinarigidjoint
3.13 Boundaryconditions
3.14 Distributionofunbalancedmomentinarigidjoint
3.15 Principle of moment distribution with consideration of cross
sectional stiffness, member stiffness (consideration of length) and
boundaryconditions
3.16 Application of moment distribution method to solve beams and
frames(simplecaseswithonebayandtwostoreysortwobaysand
onestorey)
3.17 Considerationofswayconditions(simplecaseswithonebayandtwo
storeysortwobaysandonestorey)

5.

Introductiontoplasticanalysis
(6hours)
5.1 Definitionsandexplanations
5.2 Plasticanalysisofbendingmembers
5.3 Plasticbending
5.4 Plastichingeanditslength
5.5 Loadfactorandshapefactor
5.6 Basictheoremsonmethodsoflimitanalysis
5.7 Collapseloads:partialcollapse,completecollapse
5.8 Collapse with tied loads for simple cases ofstatically indeterminate
beams(notmorethanthreespans)andframes(onlyportalframes)

Experiments
(8hours)
Determinationofredundantreactioncomponentsandtheircomparative
studiesinthefollowingfourexperiments:
1
Continuousbeams(proppedcantilever,twospannedbeamswithvarious
endconditions)
2
Twohingedarch
3
Symmetricalportalframe
4
Unsymmetricalportalframe

Influenceline(IL)forcontinuousbeams
(4hours)
4.1 Definitions and explanations: given section, structural quantity
(support reaction, bending moment or shear force etc.) and the
given structural system as the three basic elements of definition of
IL, IL diagrams as system specific diagrams independent of
operationalparameterslikeloads

References
1
DarkovAetal.,1979,StructuralMechanics,MirPublishers,Moscow.
2
Ghali A, Neville A M, 1989, Structural Analysis, A Unified Classical and
MatrixApproach,ChapmanandHall.
3
Joshi H R, 1991, Theory of Structure II Course Manual, Institute of
Engineering,TribhuvanUniversity,Katmandu.
4
Norris C H, Wilbur J B, Utku S, 1991, Elementary Structural Analysis,
McGrawHillInternationalEditions,CivilEngineeringSeries.
5
PanditGS,GuptaSP,1981,StructuralAnalysis,AMatrixApproach,Tata
McGrawHillPublishingCompanyLimited,NewDelhi.
6
Reddy C S, 1981, Basic Structural Analysis, Tata McGrawHill Publishing
CompanyLimited,NewDelhi.
7
Wang C K, 1983, Intermediate Structural Analysis, McGrawHill
InternationalEditions,CivilEngineeringSeries.

EvaluationScheme
Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersofthesyllabusasfaraspracticable.
Theapproximatemarkallocationtothequestionsisproposedtobeas
indicatedinthetablebelow:

Chapters Hours Markdistribution*

1
8
15
2
12
25
3
15
25
4
4
5
5
6
10
Total
45
80

*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution

3.7. Trialwedgemethodforearthpressure
3.8. Proportioningofretainingwalls
3.9. Stabilityofretainingwalls

FOUNDATIONENGINEERING

Lecture :3
Year :III
Tutorial :1
Part :I
Practical :1

CourseObjective:
Theobjectiveofthiscourseistoprovidethestudentwiththebasic concepts
and tools that can be used to determine the structure/ foundation/ soil
interactions.Thecoursesincludeareviewofsoilmechanicsprinciplesanddeal
withavarietyoffoundationsandretainingwalls.
1.

Introduction[1hour]
1.1. FoundationEngineering,Importanceandpurpose
1.2. Classificationandgeneralrequirement
1.3. Factorsinfluencingthechoiceofafoundation
1.4. Selectionofthetype

2.

SoilExploration
[6Hours]
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Methodsofexploration
2.3. Planningtheexplorationprogramme
2.4. Methodofboring
2.5. Soilsamplingandsoilsamplers
2.6. Verticalandlateralextentofborings
2.7. Field tests like Penetration test( Standard Penetration Test, Static
Cone Penetration Test, Dynamic Cone Penetration Test) Pressure
metertests,dialatometertestandfieldVanesheartest.
2.8. Groundwaterobservations
2.9. Boreholelogs
2.10. Siteinvestigationreports

3.

LateralEarthPressureTheoriesandRetainingWalls
3.1. Introduction
3.2. EffectofwallmovementonEarthpressure
3.3. EarthpressureatRest
3.4. ClassicalEarthPressureTheories
Rankinestheory
Coulombstheory
3.5. Yieldingofwalloflimitedheight
3.6. Graphicalsolutionforcoulombsearthpressure

[10Hours]

4.

ArchinginSoilsandBracedCuts
4.1. Archinginsoils
4.2. Bracedexcavations
4.3. Earthpressureagainstbracingsincuts
4.4. Heaveofthebottomofcutinsoftclays
4.5. Strutloads
4.6. Deepcutsinsand
4.7. Deepcutinsaturated,softtomediumclays

[3Hours]

5.

FlexibleRetainingStructuresandCofferDams
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Cantileversheetpilewall
5.3. Anchoredwall
5.4. Cofferdams

[3Hours]

6.

BearingCapacityandSettlementofShallowFoundations
[6Hours]
6.1. Introduction
6.2. BasicDefinitionsandtheirrelationship.
6.3. Principlemodesofsoilfailure
6.4. BearingcapacitybyclassicalEarthpressuretheoryofRankine
6.5. PaukerandBellsbearingcapacitytheoryoffailure
6.6. Prandtlstheoryoffailure
6.7. Terzaghismethodofdeterminingbearingcapacityofsoil
6.8. Effectofwatertableonbearingcapacity
6.9. ExtensionofTerzaghisbearingcapacitytheory
6.10. Recentbearingcapacitytheories
6.11. BearingcapacityfromInsitutests(Plateloadtest)
6.12. Typesofsettlementandtheirrelationships.
6.13. Allowablesettlementandallowablebearingpressure
6.14. Stepsinvolvedintheproportionoffootings

7.

MatFoundations
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Commontypesofmatfoundation
7.3. Bearingcapacityandsettlementofmatfoundations
7.4. Compensatedfoundation
7.5. Analysisofmatfoundation

[3Hours]

8.

PileFoundations
8.1. Introduction

[6Hours]

8.2. Typesandusesofpiles
8.3. Constructionofpiles
8.4. Selectionofpiletype
8.5. Typesoffoundationstosuitsubsoilconditions
8.6. Piledrivingformula
8.7. Staticpileloadformulae
8.8. Loadtestonpiles
8.9. Dynamicspileformulae
8.10. Pilecapacityfrominsitutests.
8.11. Groupactionofpiles
8.12. Negativeskinfriction
8.13. Laterallyloadpiles
8.14. Pilessubjectedtoupliftloads
9.

WellFoundations
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Typesofwellsorcaissons
9.3. Componentsofawellfoundation
9.4. Shapesofwells
9.5. Depthofawellfoundation
9.6. Forcesactingonwellfoundation
9.7. Lateralstabilityofwellfoundation
9.8. Constructionandsinkingofawell

3.

(3.0hours)
LateralEarthPressureTheoriesandRetainingWalls
Concepttype;practicalexamplesandnumericaltypequestions.
Therecanbetutorialsforeachsubsection

4.

ArchinginSoilsandBracedCuts
(1.0hours)
Definitiontype;Practicalexampletypeandnumericaltypequestions

5.

FlexibleRetainingStructuresandCofferDams
(1.0hour)
Definitiontype;Practicalexampletypeandnumericaltypequestions.

6.

BearingCapacityandSettlementofShallowFoundations
(2.5hours)
Concepttype;definitiontype;Practicalexampletypenumericalexamples
typewithdiagramsquestions.
Therecanbetutorialsforeachsubsection.

7.MatFoundations
(1.0hour)
Concepttype;definitiontype;Practicalexampletypequestions.
Therecanbetutorialsforeachsubsection.

[4Hours]

8.PileFoundations
(2.0hour)
Definitiontype;numericalexamplestypequestions.Practicalexampletype
questions.
Therecanbetutorialsforeachsubsection.
9.WellFoundations(1.0hours)
Concept type; definition type; numerical examples and Practical type
questions.
Therecanbetutorialsforeachsubsection.

10.FoundationsSoilImprovements(1.0hours)
Concepttype;definitiontypeandPracticaltypequestions.

Therecanbetutorialsforeachsubsection.

Laboratories
Fieldtestsonpenetrationtest.
Oneobservationtourofasiteinvestigationprojectsandeachstudent should
prepareabriefreportonthebasisofprescribeddataformat.
References
1. Foundation Analysis and Design Joseph E.Bowels. McGrawHill
InternationalEditions,FifthEdition,1997
2. Principles of Foundation Engineering Braja M. Das, Fifth Edition, 2003.
Thomson/Brookscole
3. Basic and Applied soil mechanics Gopal Ranjan and ASR Rao, Second

10. FoundationSoilImprovements
[3Hours]
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Mechanicalcompaction.
10.3. Dynamiccompaction.
10.4. Preloading
10.5. Sandcompactionpilesandstonecolumns
10.6. Soilstabilisationbyuseofadmixtures
10.7. Soilstabilisationbyinjectionofsuitablegrouts

Tutorials:
Thereshallberelatedtutorialsexercisedinclassandgivenasregular
homeworkexercises.Tutorialscanbeasfollowingforeachspecifiedchapters.

1.

Introduction
Theory;definitionandconcepttypequestions.

(0.5hour)

2.

SoilExploration(2.0hours)
Theory;definition,numericalexamplestypesofquestions.

EditionNewAgeInternationalpublishers,2000
Soil mechanics and Foundation Engineering K. R. Arora Standard
PublisherDistribution1997
5. A Text Book of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering in SI units
V.N.S.MurthyUBSPublishersDistributorsLtd.FourthEdition1993.
6. A Text Book of Foundation Engineering, Dr. R.K.Poudel and R.Neupane,
1stEdition,2006.
7. Pile Foundation Analysis and Design H.G.Poulos and E.H.Davis, John
WileyandSons,1980

EvaluationScheme:
4.

Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersinthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow:
Chapter

Hours

Mark
Distribution*

1
2
1.
6
12
2.
10
16
3.
3
4
4.
3
4
5.
6
12
6.
3
6
7.
6
12
8.
4
8
9.
3
4
10.
Total
45
80
*Theremaybeminordeviationinmarksdistribution.

 1.5Daysforcomputationandplottingoftraverse
Verticalcontrolforcontrolpointsshallbedonebyflylevelinganddetailing
shall be done by using Total Station and Theodolite. Data saving in data
logger (Electronics field book) and manual booking both should be
practicesindetailing.

C) BridgeSiteSurvey:
Detailed topographic survey of suitable bridge site area (200m *120m)
shall be conducted by which Topographic map, L section, X section etc
shallbepreparedatstandardscale.
TimeAllocated:1.5Days
Detailing shall be done by using total station. Vertical control for control
pointsshallbedonebyautolevel.

D) RoadAlignmentSurvey:
At least 600m road alignment survey Shall be done from where plan, L
section,Xsectionetcshallbedrawnatstandardscaleincludingselectionof
gradesandformationlevelsetc.
TimeAllocated:1.5Days

Requirements:
Asfaraspossible,numberofstudentsforeachgroupshouldnotbemorethan
5(five).Forconductingcampasfaraspossiblemodernsurveyingequipments
suchasTotalStation,EDM,Autoleveletcaretobeused.

EvaluationCriteria:

ForInternal50Marks:
Regularevaluationthroughoutthe10daysaswellasvivaforcomputationand
plottingofmajortraverse,minortraverse,vivaforroadandbridgesitesurvey
andtraverseorientationcheckshouldbetaken.

ForFinal50Marks:
Standard Reports shall be prepared groupwise. During compilation of the
report,datashallbesubmittedcontentwiseandallthereferencesketchesand
standard drawings shall be compiled in A3 size and all the original data and
drawingsshallbepresentedduringfinalviva.

SURVEYCAMP

Lecture :Aspertherequirementsonthecampsite

Year :III

Tutorial :0

Part :I

Practical:10days(10*13hrs)FieldWorks

Objective:
Themainobjectivesofthesurveycamp,whichistobescheduledduringthird
yearfirstpart,areasunder:
Togivethestudentsanampleopportunitytoconsolidateandupdatetheir
practicalandtheoreticalknowledgeinEngineeringSurveying,intheactual
fieldconditionsandwithpracticalproblems.
To provide the students real field based exposure to learn and apply
different surveying methods, modern surveying instruments,
computationalpracticesandwaysofpresentationoftheirfinalreports.So,
followingfieldworksarerecommended:

A) HorizontalControlPracticesforLargeAreaMajorTraverse:
For this purpose at least 1.5 km periphery area (not less than 1517
stations)shallbeenclosedbyformingtheclosedtraverseandcoordinates
ofthosetraversepointsshallbecontrolledwithreferencetonationalgrid
system. X and Y coordinates shall be controlled by Total Station and Z
coordinatesmustbecontrolledbyAutoLevel.
Time Allocated: 2 Days (Including reconnaissance, stations selection and
peggingofmajortraverse,minortraverse,majortraverseangles,distances
measurementetc)

B) Horizontal and vertical control for forming minor traverse inside the
majortraverse:
Forthispurposedetailedtopographicsurveyshallbeconductedwithinthe
perimeter of the semi built up area around 4.0 to 6.0 hectares of land
(about 57 control points). Coordinates (XYZ) of these traverses including
details shall be controlled by using Total Station and Auto level. Link
traverseexercisemustbecompulsory.
TimeAllocated:5Days
1DayforflylevelingandRLtransfer
2.5Daysfordetailinginminortraverse

10

WATERSUPPLYENGINEERING

Lecture :3
Tutorial :1
Practical:1

3.

Year : III
Part :I

CourseObjective:
This course is aimed at teaching the students the functions of the various
componentsofthewatersupplysystem,waterresourcesandtheirutilization,
determination of water demand, water quality, intake construction, water
treatmenttechnologyandconstructionofwatermainsanddistribution.

1. Introduction
[2hours]
1.1. Importanceofwater
1.2. Definitionoftypesofwater
1.2.1. Pureandimpurewater
1.2.2. Potableandwholesomewater
1.2.3. Pollutedandcontaminatedwater
1.3. Historicaldevelopmentofwatersupplysystem
1.4. Objectivesofwatersupplysystem
1.5. Schematicdiagramoftypicalwatersupplysystem
1.6. Componentsofwatersupplysystemandtheirfunctions
2. SourcesofWater
[4hours]
2.1. Classificationofsourcesofwater
2.2. Surfacesources
2.2.1. Rivers
2.2.2. Streams
2.2.3. Lakes
2.2.4. Ponds
2.2.5. Impoundedreservoir
2.2.6. Numericaloncapacitydeterminationofimpoundedreservoir
2.3. Groundsources
2.3.1. Confinedandunconfinedaquifers
2.3.2. Springs
2.3.3. Wells
2.3.4. Infiltrationgalleriesandwells

4.

11

2.4. Selectionofwatersources
QuantityofWater
3.1. Percapitademandofwater
3.2. Designandbaseperiods
3.2.1. Typicaldesignandbaseperiods
3.2.2. Selectionbasis
3.2.3. Designandbaseyears
3.3. Typesofwaterdemand
3.3.1. Domesticdemand
3.3.2. Livestockdemand
3.3.3. Commercialdemand
3.3.4. Public/municipaldemand
3.3.5. Industrialdemand
3.3.6. Firefightingdemand
3.3.7. Lossandwastage
3.3.8. Totalwaterdemand
3.4. Variationindemandofwater
3.5. Peakfactor
3.6. Factorsaffectingdemandofwater
3.7. Populationforecastingnecessityandmethods
3.7.1. Arithmeticalincreasemethod
3.7.2. Geometricalincreasemethod
3.7.3. Incrementalincreasemethod
3.7.4. Decreaserateofgrowthmethod
3.8. Numericalonpopulationforecastingandwaterdemands

QualityofWater
4.1. Impuritiesinwater,theirclassificationandeffects
4.1.1. Suspendedimpurities
4.1.2. Colloidalimpurities
4.1.3. Dissolvedimpurities
4.2. Hardnessandalkalinity
4.2.1. Typesofhardness
4.2.2. Typesofalkalinity
4.2.3. Relationbetweenhardnessandalkalinity
4.2.4. Numericalonhardnessandalkalinity
4.3. Livingorganismsinwater

[5hours]

[5hours]

5.

6.

4.3.1. Algae
4.3.2. Bacteria
4.3.3. Viruses
4.3.4. Worms
4.4. Waterrelateddiseases
4.4.1. Waterbornediseases
4.4.2. Waterwasheddiseases
4.4.3. Waterbaseddiseases
4.4.4. Watervectordiseases
4.4.5. Transmissionroutes
4.4.6. Preventivemeasures
4.5. Examinationofwater
4.5.1. Physical examination of water(tests for temperature, color
andturbidity)
4.5.2. Chemical examination of water (tests for pH, suspended,
dissolvedandtotalsolids)
4.5.3. Biologicalexaminationofwater(multipletubeandmembrane
fermentationmethod),mostprobablenumber
4.6. Waterqualitystandardfordrinkingpurpose
Intakes
[3hours]
5.1. Definition
5.2. Siteselectionofanintake
5.3. Classificationofintake
5.4. Characteristicsofintake
5.4.1. Riverintakes
5.4.2. Reservoirintake
5.4.3. Springintake
WaterTreatment
[14hours]
6.1. Objectivesofwatertreatment
6.2. Treatmentprocessesandimpurityremoval
6.3. Screening
6.3.1. Purpose
6.3.2. Coarse,mediumandfinescreens
6.4. PlainSedimentation
6.4.1. Purpose
6.4.2. Theoryofsettlement
6.4.2.1. DerivationofStoke'slaw

6.5.

6.6.

6.7.

6.8.

12

6.4.2.2. Temperatureeffectonsettlement
6.4.3. Idealsedimentationtank
6.4.4. Typesofsedimentationtank
6.4.5. Designofsedimentationtank
6.4.6. Numericalontheoryanddesignofsedimentationtank
Sedimentationwithcoagulation
6.5.1. Purpose
6.5.2. Coagulants(typesandtheirchemicalreactions)
6.5.3. Mixingdevices(purposeandtypes)
6.5.4. Flocculationtanks
6.5.5. Clarifier
6.5.6. Jartest
Filtration
6.6.1. Purpose
6.6.2. Theoryoffiltration
6.6.3. Typesoffilters
6.6.3.1. Slowsandfilter
6.6.3.2. Rapidsandfilter
6.6.3.3. Pressurefilter
6.6.4. Numericalondimensionsandunitsoffilters
Disinfection
6.7.1. Purpose
6.7.2. Methodsofdisinfection(introductiononly)
6.7.3. Chlorination(theory,chlorinedemand,chlorinedose,residual
chlorine,contacttime
6.7.4. Types of chlorine (hypochlorites, chloramines, liquid/gas
chlorine)
6.7.5. Forms of chlorination (plain chlorination, pre chlorination,
post chlorination, double chlorination, multiple chlorination,
breakpointchlorination,superchlorination,dechlorination)
6.7.6. Factorsaffectingefficiencyofchlorination
Softening
6.8.1. Purpose
6.8.2. Removaloftemporaryhardness
6.8.2.1. Boilingmethod
6.8.2.2. Limetreatmentmethod
6.8.3. Removalofpermanenthardness

7.

8.

6.8.3.1. Limesodamethod
6.8.3.2. Zeolitemethod
6.8.3.3. Ionizatonmethod
6.9. Miscellaneoustreatments
6.9.1. Aeration
6.9.1.1. Purpose
6.9.1.2. Methodsofaeration
6.9.2. Removalofironandmanganese
6.9.3. Removalofcolor,odorandtaste
ReservoirsandDistributionSystem
[6hours]
7.1. Systemofsupply
7.1.1. Continuoussystem
7.1.2. Intermittentsystem
7.2. Clearwaterreservoirs
7.3. Servicereservoirs
7.3.1. PurposeandConstruction
7.3.2. Typesofservicereservoirs
7.4. Numericaloncapacitydeterminationofservicereservoirs
7.5. Layoutofdistributionsystem
7.5.1. Treesystem
7.5.2. Gridironsystem
7.5.3. Ringsystem
7.5.4. Radialsystem
7.6. Designofdistributionsystem
7.6.1. Pipehydraulics
7.6.2. Designcriteria
7.6.3. Designsteps
7.6.4. Hardcrossmethod
7.7. Numerical on design of branched and looped water distribution
systems
ConveyanceofWater
[3hours]
8.1. Pipematerials
8.1.1. Requirementsofgoodmaterial
8.1.2. Types of pipe material CI, GI, steel, concrete, PVC, PPR, DI
pipes
8.2. Pipejoints
8.2.1. Purpose

8.2.2. Types socket and spigot, flanged, expansion, collar and

screwedsocketjoints
8.3. Layingofpipes
9. ValvesandFittings
[3hours]
9.1. Valves
9.1.1. Purpose
9.1.2. Typessluice,reflux,safety,airanddrainvalves
9.2. Fittings
9.2.1. Purpose
9.2.2. Typesstopcocks,watertaps,bends,reducers,tees
9.3. Breakpressuretankpurposeandconstruction
9.4. Publicstandpost
9.4.1. Purpose
9.4.2. Location
9.4.3. flows
9.4.4. Construction
9.5. Maintenanceofwatersupplysystem
9.5.1. Necessity
9.5.2. Methodsregularandemergency

References:
1 BC. Punmia, Ashok Kuamr Jain and Arun Kumar Jain, "Water Supply
Engineering",LaxmiPublications(P)Ltd.,NewDelhi,1998
2 P.N.Modi,"WaterSupplyengineering",StandardBookHouse,Delhi,1998
3 G.S. Birdie and J.S. Birdie, "Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering",
DhanpatRaiPublishingCompany(P)Ltd,.NewDelhi,2002
4 K.N. Duggal, "Elements of Environmental Engineering"' S. Chand and
companyLtd..,NewDelhi,1997

Practical:
1. Determinationoftemperature,color,turbidityandpH
2. Determinationofsuspended,dissolvedandtotalsolids
3. DeterminationdissolvedoxygenbyWinklermethod
4. Determinationofoptimumdoseofcoagulantbyjartestapparatus

13

Tutorials:
1. Introduction
(1hour)
Definitions, Schematic diagrams of typical Urban and Rural water supply
systems
2. SourcesofWater
(1hour)
Definitions, Numerical on capacity determination of impounded reservoir
byanalyticalmethod
3. QuantityofWater
(2hours)
Definitions, Numerical on population forecasting by Arithmetical Increase
Method,GeometricalIncreaseMethod,IncrementalIncreaseMethodand
Decrease Rate of Growth Method, Numerical on determination of water
demandsofacommunity
4. QualityofWater
(2hours)
Definitions, Relation between hardness and alkalinity, Numerical on
hardnessandalkalinity,Numericalonwaterquality
5. Intakes
(1hour)
Definitions,TypicalfiguresofRiver,ReservoirandSpringintakes
6. WaterTreatment
(3hours)
Definitions, Derivation of Stoke's law of settlement, Design criteria of
sedimentation tank, Numerical on theory and design of sedimentation
tank,Numericalondeterminationofsizeandnumbersoffilters,Numerical
onchlorinedemand,chlorinedoseandresidualchlorine
7. ReservoirsandDistributionSystem
(3hours)
Definitions, Consumption pattern, Criteria of service reservoir capacity
determination, Numerical on determination of service reservoir capacity,
Pipe hydraulic, Design criteria of distribution systems, Derivation of flow
correctionbyHardyCrossMethod
8. ConveyanceofWater
(1hour)
Definitions,Typicalfiguresofpipejoints
9. ValvesandFittings
(1hour)
Definitions,Typicalfiguresofvalves

EvaluationScheme:
Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersofthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow.
Lecture
Tutorial
Marks
Hours
Hours
Distribution*
1
2
1
4
2
4
1
4
3
5
2
8
4
5
2
8
5
3
1
8
6
14
3
24
7
6
3
16
8
3
1
4
9
3
1
4
Total
45
15
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution
Chapters

14

3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.

Workabilityanditstest
W/Cratioinconcrete
Introductiontonominalmix
Probabilisticconceptinmixdesignapproach
ConcretemixdesignbyDOE,ACIandISMethod
Segregationandbleeding
Quality control in site: Mixing, handling, placing, compaction and
curing
3.8. Concreteinextremetemperatures

ConcreteTechnologyandMasonryStructures

Lecture :3
Tutorial :1
Practical :2

Year :III
Part :I

CourseRationale:
Thecourseprovidespracticalinformationonconcretetechnologyandmasonry
structures. The first part of the course deals with concrete technology and in
thispartstudentswilllearnpropertiesofconcreteingredientsandwillbeable
to design concrete mix of different grades using commonly used
methodologies.Thestudentswillalsolearnpropertiesofgreenandhardened
concreteandwilllearnthetoolsandtechniquesofqualitycontrolindifferent
stagesofuseofconcrete.ThesecondpartdealswithMasonrystructuresandin
this part students will learn classification, construction technologies and
behaviorofmasonrystructures.Thestudentswillbeabletoanalyzeanddesign
masonrystructuresforgravityloadsandlateralloads.

PartI:ConcreteTechnology
1.

2.

3.

Introductiontoconcreteandconcretematerials
[4hours]
1.1. Useofconcreteinstructureandtypesofconcrete
1.2. ConcretematerialsRoleofdifferentmaterials(Aggregates,Cement,
WaterandAdmixtures)
1.2.1. AggregatesPropertiesofaggregatesandtheirgradation
1.2.2. Cement Manufacturing of cement, Compound composition
ofPortlandCement,Structureandreactivityofcompounds
1.2.3. Introductiontospecialtypesofcement
1.2.4. Useofwaterinconcrete
1.2.5. Admixtures Classification of admixtures, Introduction to
commonlyusedadmixtures(Superplasticizer,Waterproofing
agentandRetarders),UseofMineraladmixturesinconcrete
Structureofconcrete
2.1. Concreteasthreephasesystem
2.2. Structureofaggregatephase
2.3. Structureofthehydratedcementpastephase
2.4. Transitionzoneinconcrete

[3hours]

Mixdesignofconcreteandpropertyofgreenconcrete

[6hours]

4.

Propertiesofhardenedconcrete
4.1. Deformationofhardenedconcrete,Moduliofelasticity
4.2. Shrinkageandcreep
4.3. Fatigue,impactanddynamicloading
4.4. Effectofporosity,watercementratioandaggregatesize
4.5. Effectofgel/spaceratio

[3hours]

5.

Testingofconcreteandqualitycontrol
[6hours]
5.1. Variousstrengthofconcrete:Tensile,Compressive,ShearandBond
5.2. Compressivestrengthtest
5.3. Tensilestrengthtest
5.4. Variabilityofconcretestrengthandacceptancecriteria
5.5. Nondestructingtestingofconcrete

6.

Concretedurability
6.1. Effectofwaterandpermeabilityonconcretedurability
6.2. Physicalandchemicalcausesofconcretedeterioration
6.3. Carbonation
6.4. Corrosionofsteelinconcrete

[3hours]

PartIIMasonryStructures

15

7.

Introductiontomasonrystructures
[4hours]
7.1. Useofmasonrystructures
7.2. ConstructiontechnologyEnglishbond,Flemishbond,Rattrapbond
7.3. Hollowblockandcompressedearthblock
7.4. Masonryasinfillwalls
7.5. Reinforcedandunreinforcedmasonry

8.

Designofmasonrywallsforgravityloads
[8hours]
8.1. Introductiontocodalprovisions
8.2. Designexampleforgravityloads
Solidwall,wallwithopenings,wallswitheccentricloadingsandwalls
actingascolumns

9.

Masonrystructuresunderlateralloads
[5hours]
9.1. Performanceofmasonrystructuresinlateralloads
9.2. Failurebehaviorofmasonrystructuresinlateralloads
9.3. Inplaneandoutofplanebehaviorofmasonrystructures
9.4. Ductilebehaviorofreinforcedandunreinforcedmasonrystructures
9.5. Calculationofstressesforlateralloads
9.6. Elementsoflateralloadresistingmasonrysystem

7.
8.
9.
10.

IS456,2000
IS383,1970
IS1905/SP20
NepalNationalBuildingCode(NBC)109,1994

Evaluationscheme

10. Testingofmasonryelements
[3hours]
10.1. Compressivestrengthofbricksandwalls
10.2. Diagonalsheartest
10.3. NondestructivetestsElasticwavetomography,Flatjack,Pushshear
testandothers

Laboratories
PartI:ConcreteTechnology

1. Gradation/Propertiesofaggregates
2. ConcreteMixdesign:Nominalmix,DoE,ACIandISMethod

3. Testofconcretecubes,cylinders,prisms

4. Nondestructivetesting

PartII:MasonryStructures
5. TestofbricksonCompression

6. TestofwallonCompression

7. DemonstrationofNondestructivetest

References
1. A.M. Neville, J.J. Brook, Concrete Technology, International Students'
Edition
2. M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice, S. Chand, New
Delhi,2005
3. P.K.Mehta,Pauloj.M.Monteiro,Concrete,Microstructure,Propertiesand
Materials,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkley(IndianEdition)
4. A.S. Arya, Masonry and Timber Structures including earthquake resistant
Design,NemChandraandBros,Roorkee,1987
5. A.W.handry,B.P.Sinha,S.R.Davies,AnIntroductiontoLoadBearingBrick
Design,UniversityofEdinburgh,1981
6. P. Dayaratnam, Brick and Reifnorced Brick Structures, Oxford and IBH
PublishingCo.Pvt.Ltd.1987

Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersinthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow:
Marks
distribution*
1
4
6
2
3
6
3
6
12
4
3
6
5
6
12
6
3
6
7
4
6
8
8
12
9
5
8
10
3
6
Total
45
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution

Chapters

16

Hours

3.3. Evapotranspiration
3.3.1. ActualevapotranspirationandLysimeters
3.3.2. PotentialEvapotranspiration(Penmansequation)
3.4. Infiltration
3.4.1. Hortonsequation
3.4.2. Infiltrationindices(andW)
3.4.3. Infiltrometers

ENGINEERINGHYDROLOGY
CE.

Lecture
Tutorial
Practical

:3
:1
:1

Year : III
Part : I

CourseObjectives:
This course is aimed at teaching students the concept of hydrology and
computational analysis for the design and management of water resources
projects.Itgivesapractical approachtothevariousfacetsofthesubjectand
emphasizes the application of hydrological knowledges to solve engineering
problems.

1. Introduction
[2hours]
1.1. DefinitionandUsesofEngineeringhydrology
1.2. Hydrologiccycleandwaterbalanceequations
1.3. DevelopmentofhydrometeorologicalstudyinNepal

2. Precipitation
[8hours]
2.1. Causes,formsandtypesofprecipitation
2.2. Measurementofrainfall(typesandadequacyofraingauges)
2.3. Snowfallanditsmeasurements
2.4. Estimationofmissingrainfalldata
2.5. Testforinconsistenciesofrainfalldata(DoubleMassCurve)
2.6. Presentationofrainfalldata(Masscurve,Hyetograph,Averagecurve
ofannualrainfall)
2.7. Estimationofmeanrainfalloveranarea
2.8. DevelopmentofIntensityDurationFrequency(IDF)curveand
equation
2.9. DepthAreaDuration(DAD)curve

4.

5.

HydrographAnalysis
[7hours]
5.1. Componentsofahydrograph
5.2. Separationofbaseflow
5.3. Unithydrographs,theirusesandlimitations
5.4. Derivationofunithydrographsfromisolatedandcomplexstorms
5.5. Derivationofunithydrographsofdifferentdurations

6.

3.

SurfaceRunoff
[8hours]
4.1. Drainagebasinsanditsquantitativecharacteristics
4.2. Factorsaffectingrunofffromacatchment
4.3. RainfallRunoffrelationship
4.4. Streamgauging(selectionofsites,typesofgaugesandmeasurement)
4.5. Streamflowmeasurementbyvelocityareamethod(currentmeters,
floatsandvelocityrods)
4.6. Streamflowcomputationbyslopeareamethod
4.7. DevelopmentofRatingcurveanditsuses
4.8. Estimationofmonthlyflowsfromrainfall

HydrologicalLosses
[8hours]
3.1. Initiallosses(Interceptionanddepressionstorage)
3.2. Evaporationprocess
3.2.1. Meteorologicalparameters(Radiation,Temperature,Vapor
pressure,Humidity,Wind)
3.2.2. EnergyBudgetmethodsandMasstransferapproach(Daltons
law)
3.2.3. Evaporimeters

7.

17

FloodHydrology
6.1. Designfloodanditsfrequency
6.2. Statisticalmethodsoffloodprediction
6.2.1. ContinuousProbabilitydistribution
6.2.2. Returnperiod,Frequencyandrisk
6.2.3. Plottingpositions,frequencyfactors
6.2.4. LogPearsonIIIMethod
6.2.5. GumbelsExtremeValueTypeIMethod
6.3. FloodpredictionbyRationalandEmpiricalmethods

FlowRouting
7.1. LinearReservoirrouting
7.2. TimeareaMethod
7.3. ClarkUnithydrograph

[7hours]

[5hours]

Tutorials:
1. Estimationofmissingrainfalldata
(1hour)
2. Testforinconsistenciesofrainfalldata
(1hour)
3. Estimationofmeanrainfalloveranareaby3methods
(1hour)
4. EstimationofPotentialevapotranspirationbyPenmansequation(1hour)
5. UseofHortonsequationandproblemsrelatedto

infiltrationindices
(1hour)
6. Dischargecomputationbyvelocityareaandslopeareamethods (1hour)
7. Determinationofstageatzerodischargeandpreparationofrating

curve
(1hour)
8. Derivationofunithydrographsfromisolatedandcomplexstorms(2hour)
9. Derivationofunithydrographsofdifferentdurations
(1hour)
10. DrainagebasinCharacteristics
(1hour)
11. Estimationofdesignfrequencyofadesignflood
(1hour)
12. Estimationoffloodsbyplottingpositionsanddistributions
(1hour)
13. EstimationoffloodsbyRationalandEmpiricalmethods
(1hour)
14. FlowroutingandClarkUH
(1hour)

Practical:
RainfallRunoffSimulation
Fieldvisitatmeteorologicalstation
Streamflowmeasurementbyvelocityareamethod(Currentmeterand
Floats)
Streamflowmeasurementbydilutiontechniques.

RecommendedBooksandReferences:
1. EngineeringHydrologybyK.Subramanya,TataMcGrawHillPublishingCo.,
NewDelhi
2. AppliedHydrologybyV.T.Chow,D.R.MidmentandL.W.Mays,McGrawHill
International
3. EngineeringHydrologybyR.S.Varshney,NemChand&Bros.,Roorkee
4. HydrologyforEngineersbyLinsley,KohlerandPaulhus,McGrawHill
InternationalCo.
5. EngineeringHydrologybyB.L.Gupta,StandardPublishersandDistributors,
NewDelhi

18

EvaluationScheme:
Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersinthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow
Marks
Distribution*
1
2
4
2
8
12
3
8
14
4
8
14
5
7
14
6
7
14
7
5
8
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution
Chapter

Hours

B.E.

InstituteofEngineering

CivilIIIYearIIPart

19

COMMUNICATIONENGLISH
SH.

Lecture :3Year
Tutorial :1

Part
Practical:2

Toenablethemtousetheterms/vocabularyfoundinthereadingtext.
To help them apply the grammatical usage to their practical
communication.

:III
:II

Toenablethestudentstowritenotices,agendaandminutes.

To make the students capable of producing professional writings such as

researcharticles,technicalproposals,reportsandprojectwork.

CourseDescription
'TechnicalcommunicationinEnglish'isacompulsorycoursedesignedtoequip

the learners with the communication skills required for their professional

competenceinEnglish.Thecourseisdividedintothreesections.Thefirstunit

UnitI:Reading
(15periods)
1. IntensiveReading
8periods
1.1. Comprehension
1.2. Notetaking
1.3. Summarywriting
1.4. Contextualquestionsbasedonfactsandimagination
1.5. Interpretingtext

2. ExtensiveReading
5periods
2.1. Title/TopicSpeculation
2.2. Findingtheme
2.3. Sketchingcharacter

3. ContextualGrammar
2periods
3.1. Sequenceoftense
3.2. Voice
3.3. SubjectVerbagreement
3.4. ConditionalSentences
3.5. Preposition

UnitII:Writing
(30periods)
1. Introductiontotechnicalwritingprocess
2periods
1.1. Composingandeditingstrategies
1.2. MLAandAPAcomparison

2. Writingnoticeswithagendaandminutes
2periods
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Purpose
2.3. Process

dealswithreadingskillunderwhichtherearethreesubdivisionsconsistingof
intensivereading,extensivereadingofselectedauthentictextsandcontextual
grammar respectively. The second unit is concerned with wide ranging
varieties of relevant professional writings (i.e. Proposal, report and project
work). The third section consists of Language lab in which different language
activitiesrelatedtolisteningandspeakingskillsareincorporated.
CourseObjectives
Thegeneralobjectivesofthecourse:

Toenablethelearnerstodeveloptheirreadingskills.

ToenforcethemtoreviewtheknowledgeandskillsofgrammarinEnglish.

To enable the students to produce different varieties of professional

writingsbasedonthechangingneedsofthelearners.

To develop listening skill in English acquainting the learners with native

pronunciation.

Toenhancethespeakingskillofthelearners.

Toenablethestudentstopresenttechnicaltalks.

Thespecificobjectivesofthecourse:

TomakethemabletoreadanyauthentictextsinEnglishrelatedtotheir
field.

To familiarize the students with the native speakers' pronunciation with

theuseofaudiovisualaids.

Toenablethemtointerpretthepassages.

20

ToenablethemtospeakEnglishwithproperaccentandaccuracy.

3.

4.

WritingProposal
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Partsoftheproposal
3.2.1. Titlepage
3.2.2. Abstract/Summary
3.2.3. StatementofProblem
3.2.4. Rationale
3.2.5. Objectives
3.2.6. Procedure/Methodology
3.2.7. CostestimateorBudget
3.2.8. Timemanagement/Schedule
3.2.9. Summary
3.2.10. Conclusion
3.2.11. Evaluationorfollowup
3.2.12. Workscited

4.3.3.1.1. Coverpage
4.3.3.1.2. Letteroftransmittal/Preface
4.3.3.1.3. Titlepage
4.3.3.1.4. Acknowledgements
4.3.3.1.5. TableofContents
4.3.3.1.6. Listoffiguresandtables
4.3.3.1.7. Abstract/Executivesummary

4.3.3.2. MainSection
4.3.3.2.1. Introduction
4.3.3.2.2. Discussion/Body
4.3.3.2.3. Summary/Conclusion
4.3.3.2.4. Recommendations

6periods

Reports
4.1. InformalReports
4.1.1. MemoReport
4.1.1.1. Introduction
4.1.1.2. Parts

4.1.2. LetterReport
4.1.2.1. Introduction
4.1.2.2. Parts

4.2. Project/FieldReport
4.2.1. Introduction
4.2.2. Parts

6periods

4.3. Formalreport
4.3.1. Introduction
4.3.2. TypesofFormalReports
4.3.2.1. ProgressReport
4.3.2.2. FeasibilityReport
4.3.2.3. Empirical/ResearchReport
4.3.2.4. TechnicalReport

4.3.3. PartsandComponentsofFormalReport
4.3.3.1. Preliminarysection

9periods

5.

4.3.3.3. 4.3.3.3Documentation
4.3.3.3.1. Notes(Contextual/footnotes)
4.3.3.3.2. Bibliography
4.3.3.3.3. Appendix

WritingResearchArticles
2periods
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Procedures

References
1. Konar, Nira (2010), Communication Skills for Professional PHI Learning
PrivateLimited,NewDelhi.
2. Kumar,Ranjit(2006),ResearchMethodology,PearsonEducation.
3. Laxminarayan, K.R (2001), English for Technical Communication. Chennai;
Scitechpublications(India)Pvt.Ltd.
4. Mishra,Sunitaet.al.(2004),CommunicationSkillsforEngineers,Pearson
EducationFirstIndianprint.
5. Prasad,P.et.al(2007),ThefunctionalAspectsofCommunicationSkillsS.K.
Kataria&sons.
6. Rutherfoord, Andrea J. Ph.D (2001), Basic Communication Skills for
Technology,PearsonEducationAsia.
7. Rizvi,M.Ashraf(2008),EffectiveTechnicalCommunication.TataMcGrawHill.
8. ReinkingAJameset.al(1999),StrategiesforSuccessfulWriting:Arhetoric,
research guide, reader and handbook, Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River,
NewJersey.

3periods

21

9.

SharmaR.C.etal.(2009),BusinessCorrespondenceandReportWriting:A
PracticalApproachtoBusinessandTechnicalcommunication.TataMc
GrawHill.
10. Sharma, Sangeeta et. al (2010) Communication skills for Engineers and
Scientists,PHILearningPrivateLimited,NewDelhi.
11. Taylor,Shirleyet.al.(2009),ModelBusinessletters,Emails&other
Businessdocuments,PearsonEducation.
Languagelab
30hours
Listening
12periods
ActivityI

ActivityII:

ActivityIII

ActivityIV

General instruction on effective listening, factors

influencing listening, and notetaking to ensure
ttention.
(Equipment Required: Laptop, multimedia, laser
pointer, overhead projector, power point, DVD,
videoset,screen)
Listeningtorecordedauthenticinstructionfollowed
byexercises.
(EquipmentRequired:Cassetteplayerorlaptop)
Listening to recorded authentic description
followedbyexercises.
(EquipmentRequired:Cassetteplayerorlaptop)

Listening to recorded authentic conversation

followedbyexercises
(EquipmentRequired:Cassetteplayerorlaptop)

Speaking
ActivityI

ActivityII

ActivityIII

ActivityIV

ActivityV

EvaluationScheme:

2periods

2periods

4periods

II

4periods

Numberof
Questions

TestingItems

Unit

ReadingPassages
Novel
Novel
Grammar
Composing&Editingstrategies
MLAandAPAComparison
WritingResearchArticles
Writingnotice,Agendaandminutes
WritingProposal
IWriting
Reports
(FormalReport)
IIWritingshortreports or
ProjectReport

Marks
Distribution

3
1

15
5

1
10or5
1
1
1
1
1
1

5
5
5
4
10
5
8
10

8
Total

18periods
General instruction on effective speaking ensuring
audience's attention, comprehension and efficient
useofAudiovisualaids.

(Equipment Required: Laptop, multimedia, laser

pointer, DVD, video, overhead projector, power
point,screen)
Making students express their individual views on
theassignedtopics
(EquipmentRequired:Microphone,moviecamera)
Getting students to participate in group discussion
ontheassignedtopics
Makingstudentsdelivertalkeitherindividuallyorin
groupontheassignedtopics
(Equipment Required: Overhead projector,

microphone,powerpoint,laserpointer
multimedia,videocamera,screen)
Gettingstudentsto presenttheirbrieforalreports
individuallyonthetopicsoftheirchoice.
(Equipment Required: Overhead projector,
microphone,powerpoint,laserpointer
multimedia,videocamera,screen)

80

LanguageLab

2periods

Title
Langua
geLab

2periods

4periods

Numberof
Questions
3

TestingItems
Listening
Instruction
Description
Conversation
Speaking
ExpressingIndividualviews
Group/RoundTablediscussion
Talkdelivery
Presentingbrieforalreport

8periods

22

Marks
Distribution
10

15

2periods

4.2.3. Designofeccentricweldedconnections

DESIGNOFSTEELANDTIMBERSTRUCTURES

Lecture : 4hrs
Tutorial : 2hrs

CourseObjective:

4.3. BoltedConnections
4.3.1. Boltsandbolting
4.3.2. Designofsimpleboltedconnections

Year : III
Part :II

4.3.3. Designofeccentricboltedconnections
4.4. IntroductiontoRivetedConnection

Makestudentscapabletodesignordinarysteelandtimberstructures.
Preparestudentsforadvancedknowledgeondesignofcomplexsteeland
timberstructures.

5.

SteelStructuresandtheirAnalysisandDesign

5.3. DesignofTensionMembersofSimpleandBuiltUpSection

[4hours]

1.1. IntroductiontoSteelStructures

5.4. DesignofLugAngle

1.2. StructuralSteelandClassificationofSteelSections

5.5. TensionSplice

1.3. MethodofAnalysisandDesign
6.

1.4. DesignProcessandBasisforDesign
WorkingStressDesignMethod
2.1. BasicAssumptionsinWorkingStressDesign

6.3. DesignofColumnofSimpleandBuiltUpSection

2.2. ServiceLoadandPermissibleStresses

6.4. DesignofLateralBracingofCompressionMember
6.5. DesignofEccentricallyLoadedColumn
6.6. DesignofColumnBases

LimitStateDesignMethod

6.6.1. Axiallyloadedcolumnbases

[3hours]

6.6.2. Eccentricallyloadedcolumnbases

3.1. SafetyandServiceabilityRequirementsofStructure

6.7. DesignofColumnSplices

3.2. DifferentLimitStatesforSteelDesign

3.3. DesignStrengthofMaterialsandDesignLoads
7.

3.4. LimitStateofStrength

[13hours]

7.2. DesignofSimpleBeam

ConnectionsinSteelStructures

FlexureMembers
7.1. TypesofBeams

3.5. LimitStateofServiceability
4.

[10hours]

6.2. BucklingBehaviorofColumn

[2hours]

2.3. DesigninTension,Compression,BendingandShear
3.

CompressionMembers
6.1. TypesofCompressionMember

2.

[4hours]

5.2. SectionalAreaofTensionMember

1.

TensionMembers
5.1. TypesofTensionMembers

7.3. DesignofBuiltUpBeam

[10hours]

7.4. DesignofPlateGirder

4.1. TypesofConnections

7.4.1. Elementofplategirders

4.2. WeldedConnections
4.2.1. Weldsandwelding

7.4.2. Preliminarydesign

4.2.2. Designofsimpleweldedconnections

7.4.3. Designforbending,shear,deflectionandlateralstability

23

7.4.4. Curtailmentofplate

Referencebooks:

7.4.5. Designofwebandflangesplice

1.

Limit State Design of Steel Structures S.K. Duggal Tata McGrawHill

PublishingCom.

2.

DesignofSteelStructuresK.S.SaiRam,PEARSONEducation

8.1. TypesofRoofTrussandComponentsofRoofTruss

3.

DesignofSteelStructuresL.S.Negi,TataMcGrawHillPublishingCom.

8.2. LoadsonRoofTruss

4.

DesignofSteelStructuresRamChandra,StandardBookHouse

8.3. DesignofRoofComponents

8.

DesignofRoofTrusses

[4hours]

PARTB:TIMBERSTRUCTURES

Evaluationscheme

9.

TimberStructuresandDesignMethods

Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersinthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow:

[2hours]

9.1. IntroductiontoTimberStructures

Marks
Distribution*
1
4
4
2
2
4
3
3
4
4
10
12
5
4
6
6
10
12
7
13
14
8
4
6
9
2
4
10
2
4
11
3
6
12
3
4
Total
60
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution

Chapter

9.2. StructuralTimberandFactorsAffectingtheStrengthofTimber
9.3. DesignMethodsandBasisforDesign

10. JointsinTimberStructures

[2hours]

10.1. TypesofJoints
10.2. DesignofBoltedJoints
10.3. DesignofNailedJoints

11. DesignofCompressionMembers

[3hours]

11.1. TypesofTimberColumns
11.2. DesignofTimberColumn
11.3. IntroductiontoColumnBases

12. DesignofFlexureMember

[3hours]

12.1. TypesofBeams
12.2. DesignofTimberandFlitchedBeam

CourseProject:

Hours

ACourseProjectonintegrateddesignofabuilding/industrialstructure

24

3.1. Mortars ( Types, properties, preparation process, Estimating mortar

BuildingTechnology

Lecture :3
Tutorial :1

requirement)
3.2. Brickmasonry(types,specifications)
3.3. Stonemasonry(randomrubble,courserubble,ashlar)

Year : III
Part :II

3.4. Walls:retainingwalls,cavitywalls,parapetwalls
4.

CourseObjective:

Roofs

To introduce: Functional requirements of buildings, Factors affecting comfort

4.2. Timberroofs(Single/double/multipletimberroofs)

to the occupant in the building, Elements of building, Construction details of

4.3. Steeltrussesandtheircomponents(Angle&tubulartruss)

buildingcomponents,ServicesinbuildingandCauses&preventionofcracksin

4.4. Roofcoverings

buildings.

5.

1.

FunctionalRequirementsofBuildings

(7hours)

(3hours)

5.2. Essentialrequirements&Typesofstair
5.3. Ladders,ramps,Lifts&Escalators

1.2. Heat phenomena in Building (thermal performance of building

6.

components,thermalcomfort,thermaldesign)
7.

1.5. Sound and Acoustics (sound & noise, acoustic defects, sound

Flooring

(3hours)

7.1. Flooringanditstypes

insulation)

7.2. Specialtypesoffloorfinishing

1.6. Orientation & planning of buildings (principles, siteselection,

7.3. Floorandwallties

economy,settingout)

8.

1.7. Moisture & its movement through building components and damp

Temporaryconstruction

(4hours)

8.1. Scaffoldinganditstypes

proofing

8.2. Formwork for excavations & trenches and Formworks for RCC
(5hours)

construction

2.1. Soilexploration(methods,improvingbearingcapacity,loadtest)

8.3. Shoringanditstypes

2.2. Foundationanditstypes(deep,shallow)

8.4. Underpinninganditsprocedures

2.3. Earthwork excavation of foundations (soft soil, hard rock, wet

excavation)

9.

Finishingworks

2.4. Excavationoftrenchesforpipes,cablesetc.andrefillingworks

9.1. Cladding(types,fixingprocess)

2.5. Somecommonproblemswithexistingfoundations

9.2. Partitions&Suspendedceilings

Mortars&Masonryworks

(2hours)

6.2. Windows&ventilators:typesandtheirfixingdetails

1.4. Lighting(illuminationrequirements,daylight,artificiallighting)

Foundations

Doorsandwindows
6.1. Doors:frames,shuttersandtheirfixingdetails

1.3. Ventilation(requirements,standards,design)&airconditioning

3.

Stair,liftsandescalators
5.1. StairanditsElements

1.1. Buildingsandtheirtypes

2.

(4hours)

4.1. Roofs&theirtypes

(4hours)

9.3. Plastering&Pointing(typesandprocessofapplication)
9.4. Paintingworksinwooden,metalandmasonrysurfaces

25

(4hours)

10. Causesandpreventionofcracksinbuildings

(2hours)

References:

10.1. Cracks in different components of buildings (walls, roofs, floors,

plasters,windows,RCC,jointsetc.)

1.

WBMckay,ELBSPublication"BuildingConstruction"

2.

Goyal,M.M.,"HandbookofBuildingConstruction:Theessentialsourceof

10.2. CausesofcracksandRemedialmeasurestocracks

standardconstructionpractices",2004,ThomsonPress,
3.

Chudey & Greeno, Butterworth & Heinemann, "Building Construction

4.

ReidE.,"UnderstandingBuildings",,MITpress

5.

Pahari,B.,"PassiveBuilding:Concept&Design",2002,ISBN:9993334243

6.

Buildingcode(NS,IS)

12.1. Watersupply&sanitation

7.

S.C.Rangawala,"BuildingConstruction"

12.2. Electrification,CCTVandTelephonenetwork

8.

Ching,FDK,"BuildingconstructionIllustrated"

11. Earthquakeprotection&Retrofittinginbuilding

(3hours)

Handbook",1998

11.1. EarthquakeProtectionofBuildings
11.2. TechniquesofRetrofittingandRetrofittingmaterials
11.3. Destructiveandnondestructivetestsinbuildings
12. Otherservicesinbuilding

(4hours)

12.3. FireProtection

12.4. Rainwaterharvesting

EvaluationScheme:
Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersofthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow.

Marks
Chapters
Hours
distribution*
1
7
16
2
5
8
34
8
16
56
5
8
78
7
12
910
6
8
1112
7
12
Total
45
80

*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution

Assignments:
[10marks]
1. Drawings of site plan, foundation trench plan, section and timbering of
foundationtrench.
2. Detaileddrawingsoffoundationstructures.Bondingdetailsofjunctionof
walls.
3. Detailed drawings of important building components (foundation, plinth,
andsuperstructure).
4. Detailingofframesandshuttersofdoorsandwindows;
5. Drawingplanandsectionofdogleggedstaircase.
6. Isometric view, plan and sections of scaffolding, shoring and
underpinning.
7. Septictank,soakpitandisometricviewofpipelayout.
8. Layoutdrawingofpower,lightcircuitandothernetworks.

Tutorial:
1hour/week
In tutorial class students will be taught to design a residential/office building
andpreparecompleteworkingdrawingswithessentialdetails.
Note:
Student will be allowed to prepare a building plan to work out detailed
drawingsfortutorialexercises.

26

EngineeringEconomics
..

Lecture :3
Tutorial :1
Practical:0

Year :III
Part:II

CourseObjective:
Aftercompletingthiscourse,studentswillbeabletoconductsimpleeconomic
studies.Theywillalsobeabletomakeevaluationofengineeringprojectsand
makedecisionsrelatedtoinvestment.

1. Introduction
[3hours]
1.1. OriginofEngineeringEconomy
1.2. PrinciplesofEngineeringEconomy
1.3. RoleofEngineersinDecisionMaking
1.4. CashFlowDiagram.

2. InterestandTimeValueofMoney
[6hours]
2.1. IntroductiontoTimeValueofMoney
2.2. SimpleInterest
2.3. CompoundInterest
2.3.1. NominalInterestrate
2.3.2. EffectiveInterestrate
2.3.3. ContinuousCompounding
2.4. EconomicEquivalence
2.5. DevelopmentofInterestFormulas
2.5.1. TheFiveTypesofCashflows
2.5.2. SingleCashflowFormulas
2.5.3. UnevenPaymentSeries
2.5.4. EqualPaymentSeries
2.5.5. LinearGradientSeries.
2.5.6. GeometricGradientSeries.

3. BasicMethodologiesofEngineeringEconomicAnalysis
[8hours]
3.1. Determining Minimum Attractive (Acceptable) Rate of Return
(MARR).
3.2. PaybackPeriodMethod
3.3. EquivalentWorthMethods
3.3.1. PresentWorthMethod

4.

5.

6.

27

3.3.2. FutureWorthMethod.
3.3.3. AnnualWorthMethod.
3.4. RateofReturnMethods
3.4.1. InternalRateofReturnMethod.
3.4.2. External/ModifiedRateofReturnMethod.
3.5. PublicSectorEconomicAnalysis(BenefitCostRatioMethod).
3.6. IntroductiontoLifecycleCosting
3.7. IntroductiontoFinancialandEconomicAnalysis

ComparativeAnalysisofAlternatives
[6hours]
4.1. ComparingMutuallyExclusiveAlternativeshavingSameusefullifeby
4.1.1. PaybackPeriodMethodandEquivalentWorthMethod
4.1.2. RateofReturnMethodsandBenefitCostRatioMethod
4.2. Comparing Mutually Exclusive Alternatives having different useful
livesby
4.2.1. RepeatabilityAssumption
4.2.2. CoterminatedAssumption
4.2.3. CapitalizedWorthMethod
4.3. ComparingMutuallyExclusive,ContingentandIndependentProjects
inCombination.

ReplacementAnalysis:[6hours]
5.1. FundamentalsofReplacementAnalysis
5.1.1. BasicConceptsandTerminology
5.1.2. ApproachesforComparingDefenderandChallenger
5.2. EconomicServiceLifeofChallengerandDefender
5.3. ReplacementAnalysisWhenRequiredServiceLifeisLong.
5.3.1. RequiredAssumptionsandDecisionFramework
5.3.2. ReplacementAnalysisundertheInfinitePlanningHorizon
5.3.3. ReplacementAnalysisundertheFinitePlanningHorizon

RiskAnalysis
[6hours]
6.1. Origin/SourcesofProjectRisks.
6.2. MethodsofDescribingProjectRisks.
6.2.1. SensitivityAnalysis
6.2.2. BreakevenAnalysis
6.2.3. ScenarioAnalysis
6.3. ProbabilityConceptofEconomicAnalysis
6.4. DecisionTreeandSequentialInvestmentDecisions

7.

8.

DepreciationandCorporateIncomeTaxes
[6hours]
7.1. ConceptandTerminologyofDepreciation
7.2. BasicMethodsofDepreciation
7.2.1. Straightlinemethod
7.2.2. DecliningBalanceMethod
7.2.3. SinkingFundMethod,
7.2.4. SumoftheYearDigitMethod
7.2.5. ModifiedAcceleratedCostRecoverySystem(MACRS)
7.3. IntroductiontoCorporateIncomeTax.
7.4. AfterTaxCashflowEstimate.
7.5. GeneralProcedureforMakingAfterTaxEconomicAnalysis.

InflationandItsImpactonProjectCashflows.
[4hours]
8.1. ConceptofInflation.
8.2. MeasuringInflation
8.3. EquivalenceCalculationUnderInflation
8.4. ImpactofInflationonEconomicEvaluation

EvaluationScheme:
Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersofthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow.
Chapters Hours
Marksdistribution
1
3
4
2
6
6
3
8
16
4
6
12
5
6
12
6
6
12
7
6
12
8
4
6
Total
45
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution

Tutorials:
1. Assignments,
2. Quizzesand1Casestudy.

References:
ChanS.Park,ContemporaryEngineeringEconomics,PrenticeHall,Inc.
E. Paul De Garmo, William G. Sullivan and James A. Bonta delli, Engineering
Economy,MCMilanPublishingCompany.
James L. Riggs, David D. Bedworth and Sabah U. Randhawa, Engineering
Economics,TataMCGrawHillEducationPrivateLimited.

28

SANITARYENGINEERING
CE.

Lecture : 3
Tutorial :1
Practical:0

Year : III
Part :II

CourseObjective:
Sanitary Engineering course aims at providing the students with a complete
knowledge on wastewater collection, conveyance, treatment , disposal
methodsanddesign.Thecoursewillprovidetheknowledgeofsludgeandsolid
wastemanagement.Aftercompletingthecourse,thestudentsareexpectedto
solvetheproblemsofwastewaterandsolidwastemanagement.

1. Introduction
[2hours]
1.1. DifinitionsofcommontermsSewage/Wastewater,Domesticsewage,
Industrial sewage, Sanitary sewage, Storm water, Sullage, Sewer,
Sewerage,Rubbish,Garbage,Refuse/Solidwaste
1.2. ImportanceofWastewaterandSolidWasteManagements
1.3. Wastewater and Solid waste management methods Collection,
Conveyance,TreatmentandDisposal
1.4. Objectivesofsewagedisposal
1.5. Sanitationsystems
1.5.1. Conservancysystemwithmeritsanddemerits
1.5.2. Watercarriagesystemwithmeritsanddemerits
1.6. Seweragesystemsandtypes
1.6.1. Separatesystem
1.6.2. Combinedsystem
1.6.3. Partiallyseparesystem
1.6.4. Comparisonbetweenseparateandcombinedsystems

2. QuantityofWastewater
[4hours]
2.1. DryWeatherFlow(DWF)andWetWeatherFlow(WWF)
2.2. Sourcesofsanitarysewage
2.2.1. Privateandpublicwatersupplies
2.2.2. Groundwaterinfiltration
2.2.3. Unauthorizedconnections
2.3. Factorsaffectingquantityofsanitarysewage
2.3.1. Population
2.3.2. Rateofwatersupply

3.

29

2.3.3. Groundwaterinfiltration
2.3.4. Unauthorizedconnections
2.4. Determinationofquantityofsanitarysewage,peakfactor,peakflow
2.5. Determinationofquantityofstormwater
2.5.1. Rationalmethodanditslimitation
2.5.2. Overallrunoffcoefficient
2.5.3. BritishministryofHealthformulaforintensityofrainfall
2.5.4. Timeofconcentration
2.6. Numericals on determination of quantity of wastwater for separate,
combinedandpartiallyseparatesystems

DesignandConstructionofSewers
[4hours]
3.1. Designcriteriaofsewers
3.1.1. Specificgravityofwastewater
3.1.2. Designperiod
3.1.3. MinimumandMaximumvelocities,Selfcleanisingvelocity
3.1.4. Sewersizerange
3.1.5. Sewergradient
3.1.6. HydraulicformulaefordesignManning's,Chezy'sandHazen
Williamsformulae
3.1.7. Hydraulicelementsofsewersforpartialflowcondition
3.1.8. Partialflowdiagrams
3.2. ShapesofsewersCircularandnoncircularsectionswithmeritsand
demerits
3.3. SewerMaterials
3.3.1. Requirementsofsewermaterials
3.3.2. Types of sewer materials salt galzed stoneware, cement
concrete,castiron
3.4. Designofsewersofseparateandcombinedsystems
3.5. Numericalsondesignofsewers
3.6. Constructionofsewers
3.6.1. Settingout
3.6.2. Alignmentandgradient
3.6.3. Excavationoftrench
3.6.4. Timberingoftrench
3.6.5. Dewateringoftrench
3.6.6. Layingandjointing
3.6.7. Testing of sewer Straightness, Obstruction, Water and Air
tests
3.6.8. Backfillingoftrench

4.

5.

6.

SewerAppurtenances
[3hours]
4.1. Necessityofsewerappurtenances
4.2. Constructionofsewerappurtenances
4.2.1. Manhole
4.2.2. Dropmanhole
4.2.3. Lamphole
4.2.4. Streetinlets
4.2.5. Catchbasin
4.2.6. Flushingdevice
4.2.7. Sand,greaseandoiltraps
4.2.8. Invertedsiphon
4.2.9. Seweroutlet
4.2.10. Ventilatingshaft

[5hours]
CharacteristicsandExaminationofWastewater
5.1. Characteristicsofwastewater
5.1.1. Physical characteristics colour, odour, temperature and
turbidity
5.1.2. Chemical characteristics pH, organic and inorganic solids,
nitrogenouscompounds
5.1.3. Biologicalcharacteristicsbacteria
5.2. Samplingofwastewater
5.2.1. Grabandcompositesamples
5.2.2. Preservationandstoring
5.3. Decomposition of wastewaterprocess, Aerobic and anaerobic
decomposition,Stalesewage
5.4. BiochemicalOxygenDemand(BOD)
5.4.1. DefinitionofBODanditssignificance
5.4.2. DerivationofBODequation
5.4.3. Ratereaction,ultimateBODandrelationwithtemperature
5.4.4. NumericalsonBOD
5.5. ChemicaloxygenDemand(COD)Definitionandsignificance
5.6. Examinationofwastewater
5.6.1. Necessityofwastewaterexamination
5.6.2. Examination of volatile, fixed and total solids, settleable and
nonsettleablesolids,BODwithandwithoutdilution,COD
5.7. NumericalsonBODtest

WastewaterDisposal
[6hours]
6.1. Necessityandobjectivesofwastewaterdisposal

7.

30

6.2. WastwwaterdisposalmethodsDilutionandLandtreatment
6.3. WastewaterdisposalbyDilutionprocessandessentialconditionsfor
dilution
6.4. Selfpurificationofrivers/streams
6.5. Factors affecting self purification Dilution, Current, Sunlight,
Sedimentation,Temperature,Oxidation,Reduction
6.6. Oxygensagcurve
6.7. StreeterPhelp'sequation(Derivationnotrequired)
6.8. Numericalonselfpurificationofrivers/streams
6.9. Watewaterdisposalbylandtreatment
6.9.1. Suitabilityoflandtreatment
6.9.2. Methods of land treatment irrigation, overland flow and
rapidinfiltration
6.9.3. Broadirrigationandsewagefarming
6.9.4. Methodsofapplicationofsewageonlandflooding,surface
irrigation,ridgeandfurrowmethod,subsurfaceirrigationand
sprayirrigation
6.9.5. Sewagesicknessanditsprevention

WastewaterTreatment
[12hours]
7.1. Objectivesofwastewatertreatment
7.2. Treatmentprocesstypesandimpurityremoval
7.3. Primarytreatmentprocess
7.3.1. RacksandScreenspurposeandtypes(Bar,CoarseandFine
screens)
7.3.2. Skimmingtankpurposeandconstruction
7.3.3. Gritchamberpurpose,constructionanddesigncriteria
7.3.4. Sedimentationpurpose,typesanddesigncriteria
7.3.5. Chemical precipitation purpose, mixing and flocculation
(introductiononly)
7.3.6. Numericals on design of Grit chamber and Sedimentation
tank
7.4. Biological(Secondary)treatmentprocess
7.4.1. Objectivesofbiologicaltreatmentprocess
7.4.2. Principles of biological treatment process Attached and
Suspendedgrowthprocesses
7.4.3. Typesofbiologicaltreatmentprocess
7.5. Sewagefiltration
7.5.1. Filtertypes
7.5.2. Intermittent sand filter purpose, construction, working and
cleaningwithmeritsanddemerits

8.

7.5.3. Contact bed purpose, construction, working and cleaning

withmeritsanddemerits
7.5.4. Trickling filter purpose, construction, working and cleaning
withmeritsanddemerits,types(highrateandstandardrate),
recirculation,twostagefilters,designcriteria
7.5.5. Numericalsondesignoftricklingfilters
7.6. Activatedsludgeprocess
7.6.1. Principlesofactivatedsludgeprocess
7.6.2. Constructionandprocessdescription
7.6.3. Aerationmethods
7.6.4. Designcriteria
7.6.5. Advantagesanddisadvantages
7.6.6. Sludgevolumeindex
7.6.7. Numericalsonactivatedsludgeprocess
7.7. Oxidationponds
7.7.1. Purposeofoxidationponds
7.7.2. Theoryofoxidationponds
7.7.3. Constructionofoxidationponds
7.7.4. Commissioning
7.7.5. Operationandmaintenance
7.7.6. Designcriteria
7.7.7. Advantagesanddisadvantages
7.7.8. Numericalsonoxidationponds

SludgeTreatmentandDisposal
[4hours]
8.1. Sourcesofsludge
8.2. Necessityofsludgetreatment
8.3. Characteristicsofsludge
8.4. Determinationofsludgevolume,volumemoisturerelation
8.5. Sludgetreatmentmethods
8.5.1. Grindingandblending
8.5.2. Thickening Gravity thickener, purpose, construction and
loadingcriteria
8.5.3. Digestion Aerobic and anaerobic digestion, digestion
process,controlofdigestion,constructionanddesigncriteria
ofdigester
8.5.4. DewateringVacuumfiltration(purposeandconstruction)
8.5.5. DryingSludgedryingbeds(purposeandconstruction)
8.5.6. Composting purpose, principles, types (windrow and
mechanical)
8.5.7. Incinerationpurposeandconstruction

8.6. Numericalsonsludgevolumedeterminationanddesignofdigester
8.7. Sludgedisposalmethods
8.7.1. Dumping
8.7.2. Landfilling
8.7.3. Lagooning
8.7.4. Spreadingonland

9. DisposalofSewagefromIsolatedBuildings
[3hours]
9.1. Necessity
9.2. OnsitesanitationDefinitionandtypes
9.3. Pitprivypurposeandconstruction
9.4. Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine purpose, construction, design
criteria, types (single pit, double pits and multiple pits), advantages
anddisadvantages
9.5. Pourflushlatrinepurpose,constructionanddesigncriteria
9.6. Septic tank purpose, construction, design criteria, working and
maintenance
9.7. Septictankeffluentdisposalmethods
9.7.1. Drainfieldpurpose,constructionanddesigncriteria
9.7.2. Soakpitpurpose,constructionanddesigncriteria
9.7.3. Evapotranspirationmoundpurposeandconstruction
9.7.4. Leachingcesspoolpurposeandconstruction
9.8. Numericals on design of ViIP latrine, Pour flush latrine, Septic tank,
DrainfieldandSoakpit

10. SolidWasteDisposal
[2hours]
10.1. Characteristicofsolidwaste
10.2. Quantityofsolidwaste
10.3. Collectionandtransportationofsolidwaste
10.4. Solidwastedisposalmethods
10.4.1. Dumping
10.4.2. Sanitarylandfill
10.4.3. Incineration
10.4.4. Composting

References:
1. B. C. Punmia and Ashok Jain, "Wastewater Engineering", Laxmi
Publications(P)Ltd.,NewDelhi,1998
2. P.N. Modi, "Sewage Treatment & Disposal and Wastewater Engineering",
StandardBookHouse,Delhi,2001
3. G.S. Birdie and J,S, Birdie, "Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering",

31

4.

DhanpatRaiPublishingCompany(P)Ltd.,NewDelhi,2002
K.N. Duggal, "Elements of Environmental Engineering", S. Chand and
CompanyLtd.,NewDelhi,1997

EvaluationScheme:
Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersinthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow

Tutorials:
1. QuantityofWastewater
(2hour)
Definitions,Numericalsondeterminationofsanitarysewageandstorm
water,determinationonquantityofwastewaterforseparate,combined
andpartiallyseparatesystems
2. DesignandConstructionofSewers
(2hours)
Designcriteriaofsewers,partialflowconditionsinsewers,Numericalson
designofsewersforseparateandcombinedsystems
3. SewerAppurtenances
(0hour)
4. CharacteristicsandExaminationofWastewater
(2hours)
Definitions,NumericalsonBODandBODtesting
5. WastewaterDisposal
(2hours)
Definitions,StreeterPhelp'sequationdescription,Numericalson
purificationofrivers/streamsanddegreeoftreatmentrequired
6. WastewaterTreatment
(3hours)
Definitions,Numericalsongritchamber,sedimentationtank,trickling
filter,activatedsludgeprocessandoxidationpond
7. SludgeTreatmentandDisposal
(2hours)
Definitions,Numericalonsludgevolumedetermination,volumemoisture
relationanddesignofdigesters
8. DisposalofSewagefromIsolatedBuildings
(2hours)
Definitions,NumericalsondesignofVIPlatrine,Pourflushlatrine,Septic
tank,DrainfieldandSoakpit
9. SolidWasteDisposal
(0hour)

Lecture
Tutorial
Marks
Hours
Hours
Distribution*
1
2
0
4
2
4
2
4
3
4
2
8
4
3
0
4
5
5
2
8
6
6
2
8
7
12
3
24
8
4
2
8
9
3
2
8
10
2
0
4
Total
45
15
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution
Chapters

32

4.

3.4.2. DesignofHorizontalCurvesincludingNightVisibility
Consideration
3.4.3. SightDistance:StoppingSightDistance,OvertakingSight
Distance,SetbackfromObstructions
3.4.4. Superelevation
3.4.5. Extrawidening
3.4.6. TransitionCurves:DefinitionandtypesofTransitionCurve,
DesignofTransitionCurve
3.5. ElementsofVerticalAlignment
3.5.1. DefinitionandtypesofGradient
3.5.2. MomentumGrade
3.5.3. GradeCompensation
3.5.4. DefinitionandTypesofVerticalCurve
3.5.5. DesignofVerticalSummitcurve
3.5.6. DesignofVerticalValleyCurve
3.5.7. LowestandhighestpointofVerticalCurve
HighwayDrainage
[4hours]

5.

4.1. IntroductionandImportanceofHighwayDrainageSystem
4.2. CausesofMoistureVariationinSubgradeSoil
4.3. SurfaceDrainageSystem
4.3.1. DifferenttypesofRoadSideDrain
4.3.2. Crossdrainagestructures(Culvertsandothers)
4.3.3. DifferentTypesofEnergyDissipatingStructures
4.4. SubsurfaceDrainageSystem
4.4.1. DrainageofInfiltratedWater
4.4.2. ControlofSeepageFlow
4.4.3. LoweringofWaterTable
4.4.4. ControlofCapillaryRise
HillRoads
[5hours]

TRANSPORTATIONENGINEERINGI
EGCE

Lecture : 3
Laboratory : 2/2
Tutorial : 1

Year : III
Part : II

Objective:
Afterthecompletionofthecourse,studentswillbeabletoplan,surveyand
designtheroadprojects.Theywillattaintheknowledgeofroaddevelopment
anditsplanning.TheywillgaintheknowledgebasedontheNepalesecontext.

1. IntroductiontoTransportationPlanningandengineering
[4hours]
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.

Introduction
ModesofTransportation
ComparisonbetweenVariousModesofTransportation
HistoricalDevelopmentofRoadsandRoadConstructioninNepal
TransportPlanningincludingObjectiveofRoadPlanning,National
NetworkPlanning,UrbanRoadNetworkPlanningandRingRoads
1.6. ClassificationofRoads(NRS)
2.

HighwayAlignmentandEngineeringSurvey

[4hours]

2.1. HighwayAlignment
2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. RequirementsofHighwayAlignment
2.1.3. FactorsControllingHighwayAlignment

3.

2.2. EngineeringSurveyanditsStages
2.2.1. StructureoftherouteLocationProcess
2.2.2. PhysicalSurveys:MapStudy,Reconnaissance,Preliminary
andDetailedSurveys
GeometricDesignofHighway
[18hours]
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

5.1. Introduction
5.2. SpecialConsiderationinHillRoadDesign
5.2.1. AlignmentofHillRoadDesign:GeneralConsideration,Route
LocationinHills,Gradient,DesignandTypesofHairPin
Bends,DifferentTypesofHillRoadCrossSections
5.3. SpecialStructuresinHillRoad

DefinitionandScopeofGeometricDesign
BasicDesignControlsandCriteriaforDesign
Elementsofcrosssection
ElementsofHorizontalAlignments
3.4.1. DefinitionandTypesofHorizontalCurve

33

6.

5.3.1. TypesofRetainingStructures,RiverTrainingStructures,Land
SlideStabilizationStructuresandGullyControlStructures
HighwayMaterials
[10hours]

ReferenceBooks:

6.1. IntroductionandClassificationofRoadMaterials
6.2. SubgradeSoil
6.2.1. General
6.2.2. CharacteristicsofSubgradeSoil
6.2.3. DesirablePropertiesofSubgradeSoil
6.3. RoadAggregate
6.3.1. DefinitionandClassificationofRoadAggregates
6.3.2. DesirablePropertiesofRoadAggregates
6.3.3. TestsonRoadAggregatesandtheirSignificance
6.3.4. ComparingGradationSpecificationandMethodofTranslating
Specification
6.3.5. CombiningoftheAggregates
6.4. BituminousRoadBinders
6.4.1. DefinitionandClassificationofRoadBinders
6.4.2. LiquidBitumen:CutbackBitumenandBitumenEmulsion
6.4.3. TestsonBituminousBinders
6.5. BituminousMixes
6.5.1. DefinitionandClassification
6.5.2. MarshalMethodofBitumenMixeDesign

2.

1.

3.
4.
5.

ATextbookonHighwayEngineeringandAirports,S.B.SehgalandK.I.
Bhanot,S.ChandandCo.PublishersLtd.,NewDelhi
Principles,PracticeandDesignofHighwayEngineering,S.K.Sharma,S.
ChandandCo.PublishersLtd.,NewDelhi
HighwayEngineeringDr.S.K.KhannaandDr.C.E.G.Justo,NemChand&
BrosRoorkee(U.P.)
HighwayEngineeringC.A.Flaherty,EdwardArnold(Publishers)Ltd.
CourseManualonTransportationEngineeringP.M.Parajuli,Department
ofCivilEngineering,PulchowkCampus

EvaluationScheme:
Thequestionwillcoverallthechaptersinthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow:
Mark
distribution*
1.
4
8
2.
4
8
3.
18
32
4.
4
8
5.
5
8
6.
10
16
Total
45
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution
Chapter

Tutorials:
Thereshallberelatedtutorialsexercisedinclassandgivenasregular
homeworkexercises.

Laboratories:
(a) LosAngelesAbrasionValueandCrushingValueofAggregates
(b) PenetrationValue;Viscosity;SofteningPointandDuctilityofBitumen
(c) SkidResistanceTestonRoadSurface
(d) MarshallStabilityTestandAsphaltMixDesign
(e) ExtractionofBitumenfromMixandGradationofAggregateafter
Extraction

34

Hours

3.6. Canaldistributionsystem

IRRIGATIONANDDRAINAGEENGINEERING
CE.

Lecture :3
Tutorial :2

4.

Year : III
Part : II

CourseObjectives:
This course is aimed at teaching students to develop know how in planning,
design,development,operation,maintenance&managementofirrigationthe
demand analysis of irrigation, methods of irrigation, components of an
irrigationsystemandlayoutofirrigationstructures.Thecourseisdesignedto
plan the irrigation system, to design irrigation structures and to manage the
irrigationsystem.

11. Introduction
[4hours]
1.1. Definition,advantagesanddisadvantagesofirrigation
1.2. StatusandneedofirrigationdevelopmentinNepal
1.3. Crops,theirseasonsandperiods(Croppingpattern&intensity)
1.4. CommandedareasandIrrigationintensity
1.5. Methodsoffieldirrigationandtheirsuitability
1.6. Planningofirrigationprojects

2. IrrigationWaterRequirements
[4hours]
2.1. RelationbetweenDuty,Deltaandcropperiods
2.2. CropWaterRequirements(Penmansmethod)
2.3. Operationalwaterrequirements
2.4. Waterlossesduetoseepageandevaporation
2.5. EffectiveRainfall
2.6. IrrigationWaterRequirements
2.7. SoilMoistureIrrigationRelationship
2.8. DepthandFrequencyofIrrigation
2.9. Irrigationefficiencies
2.10. Designdischargesforcanals

3. CanalIrrigationSystem
[3hours]
3.1. Classificationofcanals
3.2. Componentsofacanalirrigationsystem
3.3. Alignmentofcanals
3.4. AlluvialandNonalluvialcanals
3.5. CanalstandardsandBalancingcanaldepth

5.

6.

7.

8.

35

DesignofCanals
[6hours]
4.1. Designcapacityofcanals
4.2. Sedimenttransportincanals
4.3. TractiveForceapproachofcanaldesign
4.4. Designofstablecanals
4.5. DesignofAlluvialcanals(Kennedys&LaceysTheory)
4.6. Designoflinedcanalswitheconomicanalysis

DiversionHeadworks
[8hours]
5.1. ComponentpartsofWeir/Barrage(Detaildrawing)
5.2. Blighs,LanesandKhoslasseepagetheory
5.3. Designofslopingglaciesweirbay(crest,length&thicknessof
imperviousfloor)
5.4. DesignofUndersluiceandSiltexcluder
5.5. DesignofSiltejector
5.6. DesignofHeadRegulator(Crest,length&thicknessofimpervious
floor)

RiverTrainingWorks
[4hours]
6.1. RiverstagesandNeedofrivertraining
6.2. Typesofrivertrainingworks
6.3. DesignofGuidebundsandLaunchingapron
6.4. DesignofSpurs(Layoutgeometry,length,spacingandcrosssection)

RegulatingStructures
[6hours]
7.1. Alignmentoftheofftakingchannels
7.2. FunctionofHeadregulator,Crossregulator,Outlet,DropandEscapes
7.3. DesignofRegulators&Escapes(Crest,lengthandthicknessof
imperviousfloor)
7.4. TypesofOutlet,Designofpipeoutlet(freeandsubmerged)
7.5. TypesofDrop,DesignofVerticaldrop(Crest,lengthandthicknessof
imperviousfloor)
CrossDrainagestructures
[4hours]
8.1. Types(DrawingandSelection)
8.2. DesignofSiphonAqueduct(Detaildrawing,Drainagewaterway&
barrel,Canalwaterway&Transition,Length&thicknessof
imperviousfloorandProtectionworks)

9.

WaterLoggingandDrainage
[6hours]
9.1. Causes,effectsandpreventivemeasuresofwaterlogging
9.2. Waterlogginganddrainageofirrigatedland
9.3. Surfacedrainagesystemsandtheirdesign
9.3.1. LayoutplanningforDrainage
9.3.2. InternaldrainageofBundedfields
9.3.3. Externaldrainage
9.3.4. Draindesign(waterlevel,maximum&minimumslopesand
crosssections)
9.3.5. Remodelingofexistingnaturaldrains
9.4. Subsurfacedrainagesystemsandtheirdesign
9.4.1. Layoutofsubsurfacedrainagesystem
9.4.2. Flowofgroundwatertodrainsandspacingoftiledrains

2.
3.
4.

IrrigationEngineeringandHydraulicStructures,SKGarg,Delhi,1983
IrrigationEngineering,GurcharanSingh
DesignManualsforIrrigationprojectsinNepal,PDSPManuals,M.9
DrainageManual,1990
HydraulicStructures,P.Novaket.al.,SPONPRESS,2001

5.

EvaluationScheme:

Thequestionswillcoverallthechaptersofthesyllabus.Theevaluationscheme
willbeasindicatedinthetablebelow.
Chapters
Hours
MarksDistribution
1.
4
5
2.
4
8
3.
3
5
4.
6
10
5.
8
12
6.
4
8
7.
6
12
8.
4
10
9.
6
10
Total
45
80
*Theremaybeminorvariationinmarksdistribution

[30hours]
Tutorials:
1. Duty,DeltaandPeriodRelation
[1hour)
2. IrrigationWaterRequirements
(2hoours)
3. SoilMoistureIrrigationRelationandIrrigationInterval
(2hours)
4. Balancingdepthforexcavatingcanals
(1hour)
5. Designofstablecanals
(1hour)
6. DesignofAlluvialcanals
(2hours)
(1hour)
7. Designoflinedcanals
8. DesignofGuideBundsandLaunchingApron
(2hours)
9. DesignofhydraulicstructuresusingKhoslasSeepageTheory
(4hours)
10. DesignofslopingglaciesWeirbay
(2hours)
11. DesignofCross&HeadRegulators
(3hours)
12. Designofpipeoutlet
(1hour)
13. DesignofVerticalDrop
(2hpurs)
14. DesignofSiphonAqueduct
(4hours)
15. Designofsurfaceandsubsurfacedrains
(2hours)

Assignments&FieldVisit:
1. Individual assignment on Irrigation Water Requirement using CROPWAT
Software
2. Field visit of an Irrigation System, group presentation and submission of
individualreport
Referencebooks:

1. Theoryanddesignofirrigationstructures,volumeIandII,RSVarshney,
SCGuptaandRLGupta,NemChandandBros.,Roorkee,1979

36