Professional Documents
Culture Documents
0=
2x
70
0.05
=140 x
D
2
0=3.50
PT = -76 dB PR
Where:
PT = transmitted power in dBm
PR = received power in dBm
PT = -76 dB - PR
= -76 dB (-100dBm)
= 24 dBm
= 250 mW
VNL = 0.2t + 0.4 dB
Where:
VNL = minimum required via net loss in dB
t = time delay in ms for propagation one way
along line
VNL = 0.2t + 0.4 dB
= 0.2 X 2 + 0.4
= 0.8 dB
m/sec approx.)
so that the wavelength of the signal is
= vP / f = 212 x 106 / 220 x 106 = 0.963636
m or 0.96 m approx.
What is the angle of refraction in a
Teflon (r2 = 2) medium of a radio
wave from air (r1 = 1.0) if its angle
of incidence is 45?
c = 3 x 108 m/sec
= 11 m = c / f
f = 3 x 108 / 11 = 27 MHz approx., which
is within 3 30 MHz range designated as
HF band
GANT = 6 dB = 4
ERP = (5000 10) x 4 = 4990 x 4 = 19,960 W or
19.96 kW
fH = 15734.264 Hz
H = 1 / fH = 1 / 15734.264
H = 63.556 x 10-6 = 63.556 usec
D = 17ht + 17hr
= 17(200) + 17(100)
= 99.5 km
f2 = 21/3 x 25 = 31.5 Hz
V (dBu) = 20 log [ voltage in Volts / 0.775 Volts ]
26 = 20 log [ voltage in Volts / 0.775 V ]
26 / 20 = log [ voltage in Volts / 0.775 V ] = 1.3
Voltage = log-1 (1.3) x 0.775 V
Voltage = 15.5 V
2 R
2 R
=
(where R=d km +6400)
T
28 days
v=
2 R
4 x 1011 m
=
28 days
( d km +6400 ) s
d km =384,000 km
What is the length of the path to a
geostationary satellite from an Earth
station if the angle of elevation is
300?
Find the velocity of a satellite in a
circular orbit 500 km above the
earths surface.
2
2
2
0
( r+ h ) ( r cos ) r sin = ( 6400+ 36000 ) ( 6400 cos 30 ) 6400
4 x1011
v
d 6400
Formula :
Where : v = velocity in meters per second
d = distance above earths surface in
km
4 x1011
v
(500 6400)
Formula :
C
v
Where :
T = orbital period
C = circumference
v = orbital velocity
C = 2r
= 2 ( 6400 + 36,000 ) = 266.4 x 106
4 x1011
v
3.07km /s
(36,000 6400)
C 266.4 x10 6 m
T
24hrs
v 3.07x10 3 m /s
d (r h) 2 (r cos ) 2 r sin
Formula :
39,000 km
200 3 x10 8
200 c
s
d 200
5 .5 m
f
9
11x10
s
8m
3 x 10
c
s
f c= =
=5 GHz
2 a 2 ( 0.03 m)
v p=
or 1440 minutes
3 x 108
( ff )
H 1=17.32
m
s
2
( 56GHz
GHz )
c
=5.43 x 10 8
m
s
d1 d2
22.5 ( 22.5 )
=17.32
=17.52 m
fD
11 ( 45 )
H 1=10.51 m
d= 17 ht + 17 ht= 17 ( 40 ) + 17 ( 20 )=44.5 km
1W
Pout
0 .7
anti
log
10
SW R
1
0 .5
SW R
1
851.14 mW
Pout
anti
log
0.7
10
851.14 mW
SW R
1
0.5
SW R
1
212.78 mW
534.49 W
26
anti
log
10
Eb
1012 W
120 kHz
=10 log
x
14
N0
1.2 x 10 W 60 kbps
uVin
)
Vmax
ln(1+u)
ln(1+
v =Vmax
ln(1+
v =Vmax
v =0.876 Vmax
A network with bandwidth of 10
Mbps can pass only an average of
12000 frames per minute with each
frame carrying an average of 10000
bits. What is the throughput of this
network?
A telephone subscriber line must
have anSNRdB above 40. What is
the minimum number of bits?
A mammography service examined
327 patients during the third
calendar quarter of 1996. 719 films
were exposed during this period,
eight of which were repeats. What
is the repeat rate?
Throughput=
12000 x 10 000
60
= 2 Mbps
no . repeated films
x 100
total no . of films
repeat rate=
8
x 100
719
repeat rate=1.1
T= L/ (Vf x Vc)
T= 10 m/ (0.7)(3x108 m/s)
T= 47.6 ns
2 = Pr/Pi
= SWR-1
3.05
SWR+1
= 3.05 1 = 0.51
3.05 +1
Thus : 2 = (0.51)2 = 0.26
The reflected power is 26 % of the incident
power
= 360 td / T
m = Em/ Ec
Emax = Ec + Em ; Em = Emax Ec = 125 85 =
40 V
m = 40V/ 85V = 0.47
Pt = Pc ( 1 + m2/2)
Pt = 50,000 ( 1 + 0.82 /2)
Pt = 66,000 W
Pt = 66kW
= fm
= sin -1 N/S = sin -1 1/2.8 = 0.3652
G = 2 D2/ 2
= (0.3652)(1.5KHz) = 547.8 Hz
NT T 0 NR 1
Noise ratio
Rearranging the above to find NR gives:
NR = (375/290) +1 = 2.29
The Noise figure is the decibel equivalent of the
noise ratio, such that:
NF = 10 log NR = 3.6 dB
641 W
BW=10x4
= 40 MHz
n=
log ( 199.5+1)
log2
= 7.63
=8
DR = 1.76 + 6.02(m)
DR = 1.76 + 6.02(8)
fa = fs fm
= 44.1KHz 30KHz
= 14.1 KHz
The telephone channel has a bandwidth of about
3KHz
C= BW log2 (1+ S/N)
= 3 x 103 log2 (1+ 1023)
=30000 b/s
d1d 2
R=10.4
f (d 1+ d 2)
R=10.4
10 x 30
6(10+30)
R = 11.6m
f f
f= m s
2
| |
kHz
|49 kHz51
|
2
f=
f =1 kHz
f s=2 f a
f s=2( 4 kHz)
f s=8 kHz
Rr / Rt = 67 / (67 + 5) = 93%
x8+x7+x6+x5+x4+x3+x2+x+k
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
C = 2Blog2M = 2(4.5x103)log2(4) = 18 kbps
S/N = antilog (40/10) = 10000
C = Blog2(1+S/N) = (4.5x103)log2(1+10000) =
59.795 kbps
Since both results are maxima, we take the
lesser of the two, 18 Kbps
Fm-fs=0.5fb=0.5*270.833kHz=135.4165kHz
T=d/(VfC)=2.5km/(0.66*300000000m/s)=12.6 s
Vo=Vo(ln(1+(255*0.5)))/ln(1+255)=0.876Vo
1
Fb= 5 ns x 10 km =20Mbps
km
N = KTB
T(kelvin) = 17C + 273 = 290
K
B = 1 x 104 Hz
= (1.38 x 10-23)(290)(1 x 104) = 4 x 10-17
W
10log (4 x 10-17) = -134 dBm
0.001
4
kTBR
VN =
= 4(1.38 x 10-23 J/K)(293 K)(6 x 106 Hz)
(300 )
= 5.4 x 10-6 V
= 5.4 V
(S/N)p = 100W = 100
1W
(S/N)o = 1W
= 33.3
0.03W
NF (ratio) = 100 = 3
33.5
PN = KTf
= 1.38 x 10-23 J/K (35 + 40 + 52)K
(1MHz)
= 1.75 x 10-15 W
VN =
The noise voltage produced across
a 50 is input resistance at a
temperature of 302C with a
bandwidth of 6 MHz is ______
4 KTBR
(50)
= 2.24V