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Labs are in BSB-B116 and BSB-B220. Read the schedule for your
lab section each week.
yj
path
(x,y)
r
xi
The components
of r are the coordinates (x,y) of the
particle: r x i y j
Review:
Displacement : r rf ri
rf
Average Velocity :
v avg r / t
final
ri
(a vector parallel to r )
vavg
Average Acceleration is
initial
a avg
x
Instantaneous Velocity :
v dr / dt
v v 2 v1
t 2 t1
t
(definition)
is tangent to the
path of the particle
Instantaneous Acceleration
is the limit of aavg as the time interval t approaches zero
r
x
Physics 1D03 - Lecture 4
Concept Quiz
aavg
dv
a
dt
v
lim
t 0 t
E) zero
time t t
time t
Instantaneous Acceleration
is the limit as t zero:
v (t t )
v (t )
v v 2 v1
t
t 2 t1
path of
particle
v (t )
v
a
t
v (t t )
Example
Note:
Velocity changes if
i) speed changes
ii) direction changes (even at constant speed)
iii) both speed and direction change
In general, acceleration is not parallel to the velocity.
10
r x i y j z k
At which positions is a 0 ?
(consider tangential only!)
Then
a) at 3 only
b) at 1 and 5 only
c) at 1, 3, and 5
2
11
Concept Quiz
Where v x
14
dr
v
dt
dx dy dz
i j k
dt dt dt
vx i v y j vz k
dx
, etc.
dt
Physics 1D03 - Lecture 4
18
dv dv x dv y dv z
a
j
i
k
dt dt dt dt
dx
,
dt
dy
vy ,
dt
dz
,
vz
dt
vx
dr
v
r
dt
dv
v
a
r
dt
dv x d 2 x
2
dt
dt
dv y d 2 y
2
ay
dt
dt
dv z d 2 z
az
dt dt 2
ax
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v (t ) v o a t
r (t ) ro v o t 1 2 a t 2
It is directed downward
Where ro , v o are the values at t = 0.
This is the same as assuming a flat Earth over the range of the motion
It is reasonable as long as the range is small compared to the radius of
the Earth
x(t) xo vox t 1 2 a x t 2
y(t) yo voy t 1 2 a y t 2
20
Projectile Motion
Assumptions:
The free-fall acceleration is constant over the range
of motion
Constant Acceleration
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22
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion
vi x vi cos
vi y vi sin
vy
vi
vx
viy
a x 0
a y g
v x v ix
vx
v x v ix
vix
g 9.8 m / s 2
v x vi x vi cos i
x:
x vi x t vi cos i t
(i )
(ii )
v y vi y g t vi sin i g t (iii )
y :
2
2
y vi y t 12 gt vi sin i t 12 gt (iv)
Physics 1D03 - Lecture 4
24
25
Concept quiz
2 m/s
100 m/s
d) Other
29
Example
a=g
v0t
v0
(1/2)gt2
Because of gravity, both the dolphin and the ball fall by the
same amount.
The red dots show the position of the ball and the blue dots
show the position of the dolphin.
r0
r(t) =r0+v0t +(1/2)gt2
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Example Problem
32
100 m/s
30
20
How long is the cannonball in the air, and how far from
the cannon does it hit?
Try to do it two different ways: once using horizontal and vertical
axes, once using axes tilted at 20o.
33
35
Projectile Motion
Care package drop:
vo
38
Concept quiz
39
Summary
dr
velocity vector v
dt
acceleration vector a
1.
2.
3.
4.
dv
v
lim
dt t 0 t
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