GTS NX 2015 (v1.1) - Release Note

Release Note
Product Ver. : GTSNX 2015 (v1.1)
Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform
Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
Enhancements
2. Analysis
y
1. Pre Processing
1.1 Load Table Import / Export
2.1 SAFETY FACTOR (Mohr Coulomb Criteria)
1.2 Artificial Earthquake Generator
2.2 Material : von Mises - Nonlinear
1.3 Free Field Element (Infinite Element for Dynamic Analysis)
2.3 Material : Modified UBCSAND
1.4 Inelastic Hinge
2.4 Material : Sekiguchi-Ohta(Inviscid)

2.5 Material : Sekiguchi-Ohta(Viscid)
2.6 Material : Generalized Hoek Brown
27M
2.7
Material
t i l : 2D O
Orthotropic
th t
i (2D St
Structural
t l El
Element)
t)
2.8 Material : Enhancements in Hardening Soil
2.9 Material : Modified Ramberg-Osgood
2 10 Material : Modified Hardin
2.10
Hardin-Drnevich
Drnevich
2.11 Option : Estimate Initial Stress
2.12 Option : Stress-Nonlinear Time History Analysis
Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform
Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note
1. Pre Processing
1.1 Load Table Import / Export
Define or modify load through excel like Load Table.
Users can import load from excel and export defined load (position (node), magnitude and direction) to excel - Only one excel file can communicate with GTSNX at once
Following types of loads are available : Force, Moment, Pressure, Prescribed Displacement and Element Beam Load.
Useful when users have to manage (input and modify) large numbers of load sets at once.
[Engineering Example : Pile-Raft Foundation]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.2 Dynamic Tools > Artificial Earthquake
Generate artificial earthquake data from the embedded design spectral data.
Following design spectral data are available in GTSNX.
G ( ) i + 1
RS A ( )
= G ( ) i
(i )
RS A ( )
z ( t ) = I ( t ) An sin( n t + n )
n
[Process of Artificial Earthquake Generation]
[Design Spectral Data]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.2 Dynamic Tools > Artificial Earthquake
Envelope Function enables to generate transient earthquake data.
There are three types of envelope functions : Trapezoidal, Compound and Exponential. GTSNX supports Trapezoidal type.
Where, n = Frequency, An = Amplitude, n = Phase Angle,

and I(t) = Envelope Function
[Equation for time history function]
Level Time
I(t)
Generate Options
-Max Iterations : Maximum number of iterations to fit computed spectral data to target one.
-Max. Acceleration : Maximum acceleration of artificial earthquake data
-Damping Ratio : Damping ratio to calculate spectral data
Generate Acceleration : Covert from response spectrum to acceleration data
-Spectrum Graph : Check results based on spectral data
-Acceleration Graph : Check results based on acceleration data
Total Time
Rise Time
[Envelope Function]
[Add/Modify Artificial Earthquake]
5 / 30
GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.3 Element > Free Field Element (Infinite Element for Dynamic Analysis)
For the seismic analysis, users need to model infinite ground to eliminate the boundary effect caused by reflection wave. Since it is not possible to model infinite ground, users can
apply Free Field Element at the boundary.
Free Field Element enables to apply traction resulted from Free Field Analysis to the ground boundary and then, eliminate reflection wave using absorbent boundary condition.
Free
field
Free
field
Main domain
Seismic
wave
[Schematic overview of Free Field Element]
[Free field effect(O), Absorb reflection(O)]
Viscous
boundary
[Free field effect(X), Absorb reflection(X)]
Viscous
boundary
[Free field effect(X), Absorb reflection(O)]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.3 Element > Free Field Element (Infinite Element for Dynamic Analysis)
Select free edges in 2D and free faces in 3D to define Free Field Elements
[P
[Property
t > Oth
Other > Free
F
Field]
Fi ld]
Free Field
-Enables to simulate infinite ground boundary
Absorbent Boundary
-Enables to eliminate reflection wave at the ground boundary
Width Factor (Penalty parameter)
-In order to minimize the size effect, users have to input more than 104. This value is multiplied
by model width (In case of 2D, this is plain strain thickness (unit width))
[Create Free Field Element]
DOF
DOF (Degree of Freedom for damping)
-Users can select specified DOF for damping effect
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.3 Element > Free Field Element (Model Calibration)
Free field element can result in identical behavior with infinite ground model.
[None]
[Ground acceleration]
[Free field]
[[Infinite ground]
g
]
Time vs displacement
4.00
2.00
None
-2.00
0.05
0.35
0.65
0.95
1.25
1.55
1.85
2.15
2.45
2.75
3.05
3.35
3.65
3.95
4.25
4.55
4.85
Displacement
0.00
-4.00
Infinite
ground
Free field
-6.00
Viscous
b
boundary
d
8 00
-8.00
-10.00
time
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.4 Element > Inelastic Hinge
Inelastic hinge can be applied to the structural elements to simulate crack or local (plastic) failure.
Applicable in Nonlinear Static and Time History Analysis as follows : Nonlinear, Construction Stage, Consolidation, Fully Coupled, SRM (Slope Stability)
Following properties are available to define inelastic hinge : Beam, Truss, Elastic Link and Point Spring.
Load
Crack or local failure
Inelastic hinge
[Hinge Properties]
[Schematic overview of Inelastic Hinge]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
1. Pre Processing
1.4 Element > Inelastic Hinge (Property & Components (Single / Multi)) Refer to Online Manual (F1) in detail...
Mesh >Prop./ Csys./ Func. > Hinge > Hinge Properties
Mesh >Prop./ Csys./ Func. > Hinge > Hinge Components
Hinge Type : Beam (Lumped / Distributed), Truss, Elastic Link, Point Spring
Interaction : Single Component (None, P-M, P-M-M), Multi Component
Component : Location (Lumped),
(
d) No. off Sections ((Distributed),
b d) Hysteresis
i Model,
d l
Yield Surface Parameters / Function (P-M, P-M-M, Multi Component)
Hysteresis Model Type: Single Component (), Multi Component (Kinematic)
[Hysteresis Model Type : Single Component]

[Hinge Properties]
[Hinge Components (Single/Multi)]
[Yield Surface Parameters]
[Yield Surface Function]

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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.1 Safety Result (Mohr - Coulomb criteria, Material > Isotropic > General Tab)
Cohesion , Friction Angle and Allowable tensile strength (optional) can be defined as the failure criteria.
Stress status of material for each construction stage can be represented by Factor of Safety based on Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria.
The ratio of generated stress to stress at failure for each element will be calculated automatically.
Users can figure out stable, potential failure and plastic failure area directly.
Check factor of safety for each element - (2D : Plain Strain Stresses > SAFETY FACTOR , 3D : Solid Stresses > SAFETY FACTOR)
In case that Safety Factor is less than 1(or 1.2), it can be identical with plastic failure region.
[Model Overview : Deep Excavation in 3D]
[Model Overview : Tunnel Excavation in 2D]
[Plastic Status : Element Stresses]
[Safety Factor (region for less than 1.2)]
[Engineering Examples]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.2 Material : von Mises - Nonlinear
von Mises model is often used to define the behavior of ductile materials based on the yield stress.
Undrained strength of saturated soil can be appropriately presented using the von Mises yield criterion.
As a material yield, hardening defines the change of yield surface with plastic straining, which is classified in to the three types : Isotropic, Kinematic and Combined.
Appropriate for all types of materials, which exhibit Plastic Incompressibility.
Perfect Plastic: Specify Initial Uniaxial (tensile) Yield Stress

Hardening Curve : Relation between plastic strain and stress(true stress) can be
resulted from uniaxial compression / tensile test or shear test.
Stress Strain curve (optional) : Relation between strain and stress(true stress)
Hardening Rule: Isotropic, Kinematic and Combined (Isotropic + Kinematic)
- Total increment of Plastic can be expressed by Isotropic and Kinematic Hardening as
follows
y = c h y (0) + (1 c ) h y (e p )
- Combined hardening factor (c, 0~1) represents the extent of hardening. 1 for
I t i 0 for
Isotropic,
f Kinematic,
Ki
ti and
d between
b t
0~1
0 1 for
f Combined
C bi d h
hardening.
d i
2
Combined hardening
Isotropic hardening
Initial yield surface
Initial yield surface
Kinematic hardening
g
[Yield surface for each hardening rule]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
An effective stress model for predicting liquefaction behavior of sand under seismic loading.
GTSNX Liquefaction Model is extended to a full 3D implementation of the modified UBCSAND model using implicit method.
In elastic region, Nonlinear elastic behavior can be simulated, elastic modulus changes according to the effective pressure applied.
In plastic region,
region the behavior is defined by three types of yield functions : shear (shear hardening),
hardening) compression (cap hardening),
hardening) and pressure cut-off.
cut off
In case of shear hardening, soil densification effect can be taken into account by cyclic loading.
Elastic: Shear modulus is updated according to the effective pressure(p) based on the following equation.
- Allowable tensile stress (Pt) is calculated using cohesion and friction angle automatically.
- Poissons ratio is constant and bulk modulus of elasticity will be determined by following relation.
p '+ p t
G e = K Ge p ref
p
ref
ne
Ke =
2 (1 + ) e
G
3(1 2 )
Plastic/Shear : Depending on the difference between mobilized friction angle(m) and constant volume friction
angle(cv), shear induces plastic expansion or dilation is predicted.
- The Plastic shear strain increment is related to the change in shear stress ratio assuming a hyperbolic relationship
and can be expressed as follows.
2
np1
p ' sin m
Gp
sin m =
s = KGp
R f s
1
p'
sin m = sin m sin cv
ref sin p
s = 1p 3p
Constant volume
cv
Gp / p'
Sttress Ratio
Sh
hear Stress
Dilative
sin m
Contractive
S
Maximum Plastic Shear Strain
Mean Stress
Beaty, M. and Byrne, PM., An effective stress model for predicting liquefaction behaviour of sand, Geotechnical Special Publication 75(1), 1998, pp. 766-777.
Puebla, H., Byrne, PM., and Phillips, R., Analysis of CANLEX liquefaction embankments: protype and centrifuge models, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34, 1997, pp 641-657.
[Reference for UBCSAND model]

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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
Parameter
Description
Reference
P f
Pref
R f
Reference
P
Pressure
In-situ
In
situ horizontal stress at midmid
level of soil layer
K Ge
Elastic shear modulus number
Dimensionless
ne
Elastic shear modulus exponent

p
Dimensionless
Peak Friction Angle
cv
Constant Volume Friction Angle
Cohesion
Failure parameter as in MC model
Elastic (Power Law)
Plastic / Shear
K Gp
Plastic shear modulus number
Dimensionless
Plastic shear modulus exponent
Dimensionless
Rf
Failure ratio (qf / qa)
0.7~0.98 (< 1), decreases with

increasing relative density
F p o st
Post Liquefaction Calibration Factor
Residual shear modulus
F d en s
Soil Densification Calibration Factor
Cyclic Behavior
Pcut
Plastic/Pressure Cutoff (Tensile Strength)
Cap Bulk Modulus Number
np
Advanced parameters
p
B
mp
OCR
Plastic Cap Modulus Exponent
Over Consolidation Ratio
Normal stress / Pre-overburden

pressure
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.3 Material : Modified UBCSAND (Model Calibration)
Monotonic and cyclic drained Direct Simple Shear (DSS) test (skeleton response).
Constant volume DSS test (undrained test)
Single Element test and Calibration using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) - ((N1)60 : Equivalent SPT blow count for clean sand.
K Ge = 21.7 20.0 ( N1 )60
0.333
300 < cv < 340
= 0.0163
K Gp = K Ge ( N1 )60 0.003 + 100.0
2
ne = 0.5
` np = 0.4
cv + ( N1 )60 / 10.0
p =
< 15.0 )
(( N )
15.0 )
1 60
( N1 )60 15
cv + ( N1 )60 / 10.0 + max 0.0,
R f = 1.1 ( N1 )60
(( N )
1 60
0.15
[Parameters and Equations for Calibration]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.3 Material : Modified UBCSAND (Model Calibration)
Test
Test
Analysis
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
0
0
0
Shear strain [%]
20
40
60
80
100
120
Vertical Stress [kPa]
[Undrained DSS (Monotonic)]

15
15
Analysis
Test
She
ear stress [kPa]
Shear s
stress [kPa]
Analysis
10
10
Soil densification
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-5
-5
-10
-10
20
40
60
80
100
120
-15
-15
[Undrained DSS (Cyclic)]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.4 Material : Sekiguchi - Ohta (Overview)
Critical state theory model which is similar to Modified Cam Clay model
Nonlinear stress-strain behavior in elastic region
Stress induced anisotropy - Ko dependent term in yield function : Always have to apply Ko condition for initial stress of ground (Ko Anisotropy is not applicable )
Time dependent behavior , Creep (Viscid type only)
- time variable in yield function which is similar to SSC (Soft Soil Creep) model, but based on different elasto-visco plastic theory
f SO =
p

ln +
vp = 0
1 + e0 p0 (1 + e0 ) M
3 sij scij sij scij

2 p pc p pc
fCC =
K0 = 1
p
q
ln +
vp = 0
1 + e0 p0 (1 + e0 ) M p
f MCC =

q2
ln +
ln 1 + 2 2 vp = 0
1 + e0 p0 (1 + e0 ) M M p
3 sij sij q
=
2 p p p
q
K0
`
pc
[Sekiguchi-Ohta (Inviscid)]
[Modified Cam Clay]
[Cam Clay]
[Yield Function : If K0=1, Original Cam Clay model is equal to Sekiguchi-Ohta model]
1)
2)
Soft Soil Creep
Sekiguchi-Ohta(viscid)
Always plastic state
Plastic state after yielding
These equations have a common term as their first term.

Second term in each equation represents the contribution
of dilatancy, the volume change caused by the change in
the ratio of shear stress to hydrostatic stress.
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.4 Material : Sekiguchi - Ohta (Inviscid)
Representative cohesive soil model that can consider the elasto-plastic behavior, but time-independent one.
The same background with Modified Cam Clay model , but can simulate irreversible dilatancy considering initial stress (Ko) of normally consolidated state.
Para
meter
Description
Reference value
Non-Linear
Slope of normal consolidation line
Cc / 2.303
2 303 / (1 + e0)
Slope of over-consolidation line
Cs / 2.303 / (1 + e0)
(Cc / 5 for a rough estimation)
Slope of critical state line
6 x sin / (3-sin)
( : Effective internal
friction angle)
Ko for normal consolidation
1-sin (< 1)
KOnc
Cap yield surface

OCR / Pc
Over Consolidation Ratio /

Pre-overburden pressure
When entering both

parameters,
Pc has the priority of usage
Tallow
Allowable Tensile Stress
* Note
* Note : Allowable Tensile Stress

This model fundamentally do not allow tensile stress in the failure criteria (stress-strain relationship). However, various conditions can generate tensile stress, such as the heaving
of neighboring ground due to embankment load during consolidation or uplift due to excavation. To overcome the material model limits and increase the applicability, analysis on
tensile stress within the 'allowable tensile stress' range can be conducted.
The size of the allowable tensile stress is not specified
specified, and requires repeated analysis to input a larger value than the tensile stress created from the overburden load (embankment)
or failure behavior. However, when directly entering the pc (pre-consolidation load), the allowable tensile stress cannot surpass the pc value. When defining using the OCR, the pc
value is automatically calculated internally by considering the size of the input allowable tensile stress.
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.5 Material : Sekiguchi - Ohta (Viscid)
Representative cohesive soil model that can consider the elasto-visco plastic behavior, and time-dependent one like soft soil creep model
Parameter
Description
Reference value
Non-Linear
Cc / 2
2.303
303 / (1 + e0)
Cs / 2.303 / (1 + e0)
6 x sin / (3-sin)
friction angle)
1-sin (< 1)
KOnc
Cap yield surface

OCR / Pc

When entering both parameters,

Tallow
* Note
* Note : Time Dependent

log ( time )
Time Dependent
0 =
Primary
t0
Secondary
strain
Coefficient of secondary consolidation
Cc / 20 for a rough estimation
Initial volumetric strain rate
* Note
t0
Time when primary consolidation ends
* Note
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.5 Material : Sekiguchi - Ohta (Review of soil parameters)
Sekiguchi Ohta model requires some material properties, which can be obtained by triaxial tests.
Following empirical relations can be used to estimate the additional soil parameters : Karibe Method
Input Parameters
Remarks
Plastic index
Ip
Compression index
Cc
Drainage distance
Unit: cm
= 0.015 + 0.007 I p
= 0.434Cc
e0 = 3.78 + 0.156
sin = 0.81 0.233log I p

log cv = 0.025 I p 0.25 1( cm / min )
Paramet
er
Description
Reference value
Non-Linear
Cc / 2
2.303
303 / (1 + e0)
Cs / 2.303 / (1 + e0)
6 x sin / (3-sin)
friction angle)
KOnc
1-sin (< 1)
Cap yield surface
Tv ( 90% ) = 0.848
0 =
OCR / Pc


Tallow
* Note
H Tv ( 90% ) cv
2
Time Dependent
Coefficient of secondary consolidation
Cc / 20 for a rough estimation
Initial volumetric strain rate
* Note
t0
Time when primary consolidation ends
* Note
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement

1.20
2. Analysis
1%/min
/
1 00
1.00
2.5 Material : Sekiguchi - Ohta (Model Calibration)
0.1%/min
0.80
Undrained triaxial compression and extension - Effect of strain rate
0.01%/min
0.001%/min
0.60
0.0001%/min
0.40
Plastic
(Sxx-Szz)/p0
= 0.3325 = 0.15
M = 1.12 e0 = 1.5
K 0nc = 0.65
dispalcement
= 0.364
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
-0.20
strain : 20%
-0.40
-0.60
t 1 : 2.0e1 min.
TriaxialCompression
pressure
-0.80
t 2 : 2.0e2 min.
-1.00
p/p0
t 3 : 2.0e3 min.
dispalcement
1.20
1%/min
1.00
0.1%/min
t 4 : 2.0e4 min.
0.01%/min
0.80
0.001%/min
t 5 : 2.0e5
. e min..
TriaxialExtension
0.0001%/min
0.60
Pl i
Plastic
0.40
(Sxx-Szz)/p0
0.20
Undrained strength : max
0.00
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
xx zz
10
15
20
25
-0.20
-0.40
-0.60
Undrained strength depends on the rate of shearing in different ways on the

compressional
i
l and
d extensional
t
i
l sides
id off shearing.
h i
-0.80
-1.00
Axial strain
Sekiguchi, H. and Ohta, H., "Induced anisotropy and time dependency in clays", 9th ICSMFE, Tokyo, Constitutive equations of Soils, 1977, 229-238
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.6 Material : Generalized Hoek-Brown
Representative model to simulate general rock behavior (stiffer and stronger than other types of soil).
Hoek-Brown model is isotropic linear elastic behavior.
Generalized Hoek-Brown is to link the empirical criterion to geological observations by means of one of the available rock mass classification schemes.
All geological index was subsequently extended for weak rock masses.
masses
Applicable for Strength Reduction Method (slope stability analysis)
GSI 100
mb = mi exp
28 14 D
GSI 100
s = exp
9 3D
a=
1 1 GSI /15
/
+ ( e / e 20/3
)
2 6
1
f HB = (1 3 ) ci b 1 + s
ci
1 2 3
[Yield Function]
[Failure surface in principle stress plane]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.6 Material : Generalized Hoek-Brown (Review of model parameters, Geological Index (Hoek,1999))
[Uniaxial Compressive Strength]
[Geological Strength Index (GSI)]
[Guidelines for estimating Disturbance Factor (D)

(D), (0 ~ 1)
[Intact Rock Parameter]

23 / 30
GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.6 Material : Generalized Hoek-Brown (Model Calibration)
The Shear Strength Reduction Method for the Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion
Hammah, R.E., Yacoub, T.E. and Corkum, B.C.
R
Rocscience
i
I
Inc.,
Toronto,
T
t ON,
ON Canada
C
d
Curran, J.H.
Lassonde Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
[Reference - F.S.
FS :1
1.15]
15]
[GTSNX - F.S. : 1.19]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.7 Material : 2D Orthotropic
Applicable to 2D element type such as Shell, Plane Stress and 2D Geogrid.
Users can define different values of stiffness along each direction which is defined by the following parameters : E1, E2, V12, G12, G23, and G31.
Useful to define geometrically orthotropic with significant different stiffness in horizontal and vertical direction.
E1
1
12 21
11
12 E2
22 =
1 12 21
12
0
21E1
1 12 21
E2
1 12 21
0
0
11 11T
0 22 22 T
12
G12
31 G31 0 31
=

23 0 G23 23
[Stress-strain relation in 2D]
[Engineering Examples]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.8 Hardening Soil (Enhancement in Modified Mohr Coulomb model: Review of model parameters)
Improvement of Convergence in algorithms : Implicit Backward Euler Method
Additional (advanced) parameter to define allowable tensile strength.
Parameter
Description
Reference value (kN, m)
E50ref
Secant stiffness in standard drained triaxial test
Ei x (2 Rf) /2 (Ei = Initial stiffness)
Eoedref
Tangent stiffness for primary oedometer loading
E50ref
Eurref
Unload / reloadingg stiffness
3 x E50ref
Power for stress-level dependency of stiffness
0.5 m 1 (0.5 for hard soil,

1 for soft soil)
C (Cinc)
Effective cohesion (Increment of cohesion)
Effective friction angle
Ultimate dilatancy angle
Soil stiffness and failure
Advanced parameters (Recommend to use Reference value)

Rf
Failure Ratio (qf / qa)
0.9 (< 1)
Pref
Reference p
pressure
100
KNC
1-sin (< 1)
Porosity
Initial void ratio
y(
)
Porosity(Max)
Maximum void ratio
Porosityy < Porosity(Max)

y(
)
Dilatancy cut-off
Cap yield surface

OCR / Pc
Over Consolidation Ratio / Pre-overburden pressure
Cap Shape Factor (scale factor of preconsolidation stress)
from KNC (Auto)
Cap Hardening Parameter
from Eoedref (Auto)
Tallow
Allowable Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
* Note (Refer to Sekiguchi-Ohta model)
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.9 Material : Modified Ramberg-Osgood
One of Hysteresis models for inelastic hinge, an extension was made to 2D and 3D solid elements.
Can be applied to simulate crack or local (plastic) failure.
Go = +
2
2 hmax
, =
2 hmax
r Go
Parameter
Description
Go
Initial Shear Modulus
Reference Strain
hmax
Maximum Damping
Shear Only
0.05 (for soil),
Check : Consider shear modulus for each direction separately (Gxy, Gyz, Gzx)
Uncheck : Consider equivalent shear modulus (Geq)
( 1 , 1 )
Go
Reference
Skeleton Curve
1.5E+02
GTS NX
Civil
Dyna2E
1.0E+02
Go
5.0E+01
Force
k
0.0E+00
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-5.0E+01
Hysteresis Curve
-1.0E+02
-1.5E+02
Def orm
[Load]
[System]
[Modified Ramberg-Osgood model]
[Results]
[Verification Example]
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GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.10 Material : Modified Hardin-Drnevich
One of Hysteresis models for inelastic hinge, an extension was made to 2D and 3D solid elements.
Can be applied to simulate crack or local (plastic) failure.
Hysteresis curves are formulated on the basis of the Masings rule.
Parameter
Description
Go
Initial Shear Modulus
Reference Strain
Shear Only
Reference
Go
1+
Check : Consider shear modulus for each direction separately (Gxy, Gyz, Gzx)
U h k : Consider
Uncheck
C id equivalent
i l
shear
h
modulus
d l (G
(Geq))
( 1 , 1 )
Go
Skeleton Curve
1.0E+02
GTS NX
Civil
8.0E+01
D
Dyna2E
2E
Go
6.0E+01
4.0E+01
2.0E+01
Force
0.0E+00
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
-2
2.0E+01
0E+01
Hysteresis Curve
-4.0E+01
-6.0E+01
-8.0E+01
-1.0E+02
Def orm
[Modified Hardin-Drnevich model]
[Load]
[System]
[Results]
[Verification Example]
28 / 30
GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.11 Analysis Option : Estimate Initial Stress of Activated Elements
* Note : Initial Stress for Activated Elements during construction
In order to calculate the initial stress of ground, GTSNX perform Linear Analysis even if nonlinear material is assigned to the elements. In this case, it can result in, sometimes, overestimating the soil behavior (large displacement)
displacement). Initial Stress Options can eliminate this problem especially for newly activated elements which are to simulate a fill
fill-up
up ground
such as backfill and embankment.
[Without Initial Stress Option : Horizontal Displacement : 84mm]
[Engineering Example : Excavation and Backfill]
[With Initial Stress Option : Horizontal Displacement : 30mm]
29 / 30
GTSNX 2015
Enhancement
2. Analysis
2.12 Construction Stage > Stress - Nonlinear Time History Analysis
* Note : Perform nonlinear dynamic analysis based on initial stress of ground resulted from construction stage analysis
Users can perform nonlinear dynamic analysis considering stress status of ground resulted from not only self weight but also construction stage (the history of stress).
Nonlinear time history stage must be set at the final stage
stage.
[Stage Set : Stress-Nonlinear Time History]
[Define construction stage]
30 / 30

GTS NX 2015 (v1.1) - Release Note

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GTS NX 2015 (v1.1) - Release Note

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Release Note

Product Ver. : GTSNX 2015 (v1.1)

Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform

Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering

2.1 SAFETY FACTOR (Mohr Coulomb Criteria)

1.2 Artificial Earthquake Generator

2.2 Material : von Mises - Nonlinear

1.3 Free Field Element (Infinite Element for Dynamic Analysis)

2.3 Material : Modified UBCSAND

1.4 Inelastic Hinge

2.4 Material : Sekiguchi-Ohta(Inviscid)

Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform

Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

[Engineering Example : Pile-Raft Foundation]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

[Process of Artificial Earthquake Generation]

[Design Spectral Data]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

Where, n = Frequency, An = Amplitude, n = Phase Angle,

[Add/Modify Artificial Earthquake]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

[Free field effect(X), Absorb reflection(X)]

[Free field effect(X), Absorb reflection(O)]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

[Create Free Field Element]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

Crack or local failure

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

[Hysteresis Model Type : Single Component]

[Hinge Components (Single/Multi)]

[Yield Surface Parameters]

[Yield Surface Function]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

[Model Overview : Deep Excavation in 3D]

[Model Overview : Tunnel Excavation in 2D]

[Plastic Status : Element Stresses]

[Safety Factor (region for less than 1.2)]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

Perfect Plastic: Specify Initial Uniaxial (tensile) Yield Stress

Initial yield surface

[Yield surface for each hardening rule]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

Maximum Plastic Shear Strain

[Reference for UBCSAND model]

GTSNX 2015 V1.1 Release Note

Elastic shear modulus number

Elastic shear modulus exponent

Peak Friction Angle

Constant Volume Friction Angle

Failure parameter as in MC model

Elastic (Power Law)

Failure parameter as in MC model

Plastic shear modulus number

Plastic shear modulus exponent

Failure ratio (qf / qa)

0.7~0.98 (< 1), decreases with

Post Liquefaction Calibration Factor

Residual shear modulus

Soil Densification Calibration Factor

Plastic/Pressure Cutoff (Tensile Strength)