SEPIC

Implementation of Switch Reluctance Motor Driver System

with SEPIC Power-Factor-Correction Rectifiers

Student: Cheng-Hung Hung

Advisor: Tsung-Lieh Hsieh

Department of Electrical Engineering

Kun Shan University
Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Thesis for Master of Science
July 2011

 SEPIC
*

**

SEPIC

12/8
IP dsPIC30F4011

**

Implementation of Switch Reluctance Motor Driver System

with SEPIC Power-Factor-Correction Rectifiers
Cheng-Hung Hung *

Tsung-Lieh Hsieh **

Department of Electrical Engineering

Kun Shan University

Abstract
This thesis mainly studies the Switch Reluctance Motor (SRM) Driver
System with SEPIC Power-Factor-Correction (PFC) Rectifiers. An active PFC
rectifier based on a SEPIC converter with average current-mode control (ACC)
technique is investigated in the thesis. Its controlled by two feedback loops, a
fast inner current loop and a slow outer voltage loop. When the system reaches
well output voltage regulation under input voltage variation and loading change,
it would comply with the international current standards on power factor and
input current distortion of power supplies.
Regarding the part of SRM Driver System, it is designed for the drive by
using 3-phase 12/8 pole SRM with a full digital speed control based on DSP
single chip dsPIC30F4011. The speed of motor estimation utilizes the rotor
salient pole position of SRM to sense pulse signal. In addition, with the design of
single-supply-driven circuit to save cost, the design of speed controller to reduce
the effects of motor and parameter variations, the system provides a good
performance even under load torque disturbance.

author

**

advisor

II

III

................................................................................................................. I
................................................................................................................II
...................................................................................................................... III
...................................................................................................................... IV
............................................................................................................... VIII
................................................................................................................ XV
.......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 ...................................................................................... 5
1.3 .................................................................................................. 7
SEPIC ................................................................... 10
2.1 ........................................................................................ 10
2.2 .................................................................... 14
2.2.1 ................................................................. 14
2.2.2 ................................................................. 16
2.3 SEPIC ........................................................ 20
2.4 .................................................................................... 25
2.4.1 ................................................................. 25
2.4.2 SEPIC ......................................... 26
2.5 .................................................................................... 32
2.5.1 ................................................................. 32
2.5.2 ......................................................................... 35

IV

 .................................................................... 38
3.1 ........................................................................ 39
3.2 .................................................................... 39
3.2.1 ................................................................................. 40
3.2.2 ......................................................................... 42
3.2.3 ......................................................................... 45
3.3 .................................................... 46
3.3.1 ..................................................... 46
3.3.2 ..................................................... 47
3.4 .................................................................................... 48
3.5 ........................................................................ 50
3.5.1 ............................................................. 51
............................................................................ 54
4.1 SEPIC ....................................... 54
4.2 SEPIC ....................................... 61
4.3 ............................................................ 65
4.3.1 ..................................................................... 67
4.4 ................................................ 68
4.5 ................................................ 72
........................................................................................ 73
5.1 SEPIC ........................................................... 75
5.1.1 IC UC 3854......................................................... 75
5.1.2 SEPIC .................................... 78

5.1.3 ..................................................................................... 81
5.1.4 / ............................................................ 82
5.1.5 ............................................................................. 83
5.1.6 ..................................................... 83
5.1.7 ......................................................... 86
5.2 .................................................... 89
5.2.1 dsPIC30F4011 ................................................ 89
5.2.2 12/8 .................................................... 94
5.2.3 ..................................................................................... 96
5.2.4 MosFET ...................................................................... 96
5.2.5 ............................................................. 97
5.2.6 ..................................................................... 98
5.2.7 ............................................................................. 99
5.3 ...................................................................................... 100
5.3.1 ................................................................................... 100
5.3.2 ........................................................................... 102
.............................................................................................. 104
6.1 SEPIC ......................................................... 104
6.1.1 ........................................................... 106
6.1.2 ................................... 112
6.1.3 ................................... 114
6.1.4 FFT ............................................................... 116
6.1.5 SEPIC .......................... 118

VI

6.2 .................................................. 119

6.2.1 ....................................................................... 120
6.2.2 ............................................................... 124
6.2.3 ........................................................... 126
.................................................................................. 127
7.1 ...................................................................................................... 127
7.2 .............................................................................................. 129
............................................................................................................ 130

VII


1.1

AC-DC ................................................................... 1

1.2

IEC 61000-3-2 .................................................................... 2

1.3

SEPIC ........................ 6

2.1

............................................................... 11

2.2

....................................................................... 14

2.3

LC ......................................................................... 15

2.4

........................................................................ 15

2.5

................................................................... 15

2.6

....................................................... 17

2.7

....................................................... 17

2.8

....................................................... 18

2.9

....................................................... 18

2.10 ....................................................... 19
2.11 ............................................................... 20
2.12 SEPIC ....................................................................... 20
2.13 SEPIC SON ................................. 22
2.14 SEPIC SOFF ................................ 22
2.15 SEPIC ................................... 23
2.16 ....................................................... 24
2.17 ........................................................... 24
2.18 ................................................... 25
2.19 ........................................... 25

VIII

 2.20 ................................................................... 31
2.21 ............................................................... 31
2.22 i g (t ) i g (t )

Ts

v g (t ) ................................................................ 32

2.23 SEPIC .............................................. 33

2.24 SEPIC .......................................... 34
2.25 SEPIC .......................................... 37
2.26 SEPIC ...................................... 37
3.1

12/8 .............................................................. 40

3.2

....................................................................... 41

3.3

............................................................................... 43

3.4

....................................................................... 43

3.5

........................................................................... 46

3.6

............................................................... 47

3.7

............................................................... 47

3.8

................................................................................... 48

3.9

........................................................... 49

3.10 ............................................... 50
3.11 ....................................................................... 51
3.12 ............................................................................... 52
3.13 ............................................................................... 52
3.14 ............................................................................... 53
4.1

SEPIC .............................................. 54

4.2

SEPIC .................................. 55

IX

 4.3

PI .................................. 57

4.4

PI .................................. 57

4.5

....................... 58

4.6

....................... 58

4.7

90 Vac d ................ 59

4.8

90 Vac d ................. 59

4.9

260 Vac d .............. 60

4.10 260 Vac d .............. 60

4.11 ............................................................... 62
4.12 ............................................... 62
4.13 ............................................... 63
4.14 ............................... 63
4.15 ............................... 64
4.16 ............................... 64
4.17 ....................................................... 66
4.18 ........................................................................... 66
4.19 ................................................................... 67
4.20 A ....................................................................... 67
4.21 ................................................... 68
4.22 (IP) ..................................................................... 69
4.23 (PI) ..................................................................... 69
4.24 IP .......................................... 71
4.25 IP .......................................... 71

 4.26 IP .............................................................. 72
4.27 IP .......................................................... 72
5.1

SEPIC ...................... 73

5.2

....................................................... 74

5.3

SEPIC ...................................................... 74

5.4

UC 3854 .................................................................... 76

5.5

........................................................................... 82

5.6

........................................................................... 84

5.7

................................................................................... 84

5.8

............................... 85

5.9

............................... 86

5.10 ........................................................................... 86
5.11 ................................................................................... 87
5.12 ............................... 88
5.13 ............................... 88
5.14 ........................................................................................... 89
5.15 dsPIC30F4011 ............................................. 90
5.16 ....................................................................... 91
5.17 PWM ............................................................ 93
5.18 PWM ............................................................ 93
5.19 ....................................................... 94
5.20 12/8 .............................................................................. 95
5.21 ............................................................................... 95

XI

 5.22 ................................................................................... 96
5.23 ................................................................................... 97
5.24 MosFET ................................................................................ 97
5.25 ................................................................................... 98
5.26 ........................................................................... 98
5.27 ................................................................................... 99
5.28 vout - iin ................................................................... 99
5.29 MATLAB dsPIC30F4011 ................................. 100
5.30 MPLAB IDE V8.5 .............................................................. 101
5.31 dsPIC30F4011 ................................................................ 102
5.32 ............................................................. 103
6.1

SEPIC ........................................................ 104

6.2

SEPIC ........................................................ 105

6.3

vin 90 Vac

............................................................................................................. 106
6.4

vin 110 Vac

............................................................................................................. 107
6.5 vin 130 Vac
............................................................................................................. 108
6.6

vin 180 Vac

............................................................................................................. 109
6.7

vin 220 Vac

............................................................................................................. 110

XII

 6.8

vin 260 Vac

..............................................................................................................111
6.9

vin 90 Vac 110 Vac (CH1

CH3) .................................................................... 112

6.10 vin 110 Vac 130 Vac (CH1
CH3) .................................................................... 112
6.11 vin 180 Vac 220 Vac (CH1
CH3) .................................................................... 113
6.12 vin 220 Vac 260 Vac (CH1
CH3) .................................................................... 113
6.13 Po 150 W 300 W (CH3CH4
) ................................................................................ 114
6.14 Po 300 W 150 W (CH3CH4
) ................................................................................ 114
6.15 Po 200 W 400 W (CH3
CH4) .................................................................... 115
6.16 Po 400 W 200 W (CH3
CH4) .................................................................... 115
6.17 vin 110 Vac Po 400 W iin t FFT ....................... 116
6.18 vin 110 Vac Po 400 W IEC61000-3-2 Class D
............................................................................................................. 116
6.19 vin 220 Vac Po 400 W iin t FFT ...................... 117
6.20 vin 220 Vac Po 400 W IEC61000-3-2 Class D

XIII

............................................................................................................. 117
6.21 ............................................................................................. 118
6.22 ................................................. 119
6.23 dsPIC30F4011 ....................................... 119
6.24 ..................................................................... 120
6.25 ...
............................................................................................................. 121
6.26 ...
............................................................................................................. 122
6.27 ............................................................. 123
6.28 ............................................................. 123
6.29 100 rpm................................... 124
6.30 1000 rpm................................. 125
6.31 2000 rpm................................. 125
6.32 ............................................. 126

XIV


1.1

IEC 61000-3-2 ................................................................................ 2

4.1

SEPIC ................................................................................... 55

5.1

UC 3854 ............................................................................ 77

5.2

SEPIC .......................................................... 78

5.3

................................................................... 81

5.4

dsPIC30F4011 ...................................................................... 90

5.5

/ .......................................................................... 91

5.6

................................................................................... 95

5.7

................................................................................. 101

6.1

SEPIC ........................................................ 105

6.2

vin 90 Vac .......................................... 106

6.3

vin 110 Vac ........................................ 107

6.4

vin 130 Vac ........................................ 108

6.5

vin 180 Vac ........................................ 109

6.6

vin 220 Vac ....................................... 110

6.7

vin 260 Vac ........................................111

6.8

..................................................................................... 118

6.9

............................................................. 120

XV


1.1

AC-DC
AC-DC (rectifier)
AC-DC 1.1(1)
(2)

AC line

AC-DC

regulated DC

1.1 AC-DC
AC-DC

(pulsating current)(55% ~ 65%)

(power factor correction, PFC)

1


IEC 61000-3-2
[1] 75W ~ 1000W (Class
ABCD) 1.2

Class A(
)

Class B()

Class C

Class D 600W
Start

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Class A

Class B

Class C

75W~600W

No
Yes

Class D

1.2 IEC 61000-3-2

Class A Class D
1.1
1.1 IEC 61000-3-2
Harmonic order (n)
3
5
7
9
2
4
6

Class A (mA)
2300
1140
770
400
Even Harmonic
1080
430
300

Class D (mA/W)
3.4
1.9
1.0
0.5
-


PF
60 Hz
PF

(boost)(Buck)
(Buck-Boost)

SEPIC

power factor, PF 0.50.6

PF

(switched reluctance motor, SRM)

(reluctance torque)

(DSP)

SEPIC
PF

1.2
SEPIC

(PFC)

IEC 61000-3-2

( f line 120 Hz)

120 Hz
20 Hz
UC3854 IC
90 ~ 260 Vac 400 V 400 W SEPIC
IEC 61000-3-2 Class
D
SEPIC 89.8 %

IP


dsPIC30F4011
100 rpm ~ 2000 rpm 0.5

1.3

SEPIC
D1

L1

D3

vs

C1
L2

D2

Co

D4

ig
vg
LPF

v ref

v g (dc )

Switching Signals
ia

PWM

ig*

vcv

ib

ic

i*

S1

vo

S2

IC UC 3854

S3

SEPIC

1.3 SEPIC

1.3

AC-DC
[2-3]
(CCM)
(DCM) DCM [4-7]

DCM
/[8,43,44]
DCM

CCM

CCM
(1) (average current control)[9-11]
(2) (peak current control)[12-14]
(3) (hysteretic current control)[15-16]
(4) (critical conduction mode control)[17-18]

PFC
10~20 Hz

(120 Hz)[19]
PFC (DC link)

[20]

[21-30]
[31]
[32](Pulse Width
ModulationPWM); [33]

[34-37]
microchip
dsPIC30F4011[45]

1.5

SEPIC
SEPIC

 SEPIC

(power factor, PF) 0.5~0.6

(Power Factor
Correction, PFC)
SEPIC

2.1
(power factor, PF)
(average power) Pav S (apparent power)

PF

Pav
S

(2.1)

Pav T vt i t

Pav

1 T
vt i t dt
T 0

(2.2)

S Vrms I rms
S Vrms I rms

(2.3)

1 T
vt it dt
Pav T 0

PF
S
Vrms I rms

(2.4)

10

 PF 1
110 Vrms 400W 0.5
0.99 I rms 7.27A 3.64A

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
EN60555 IEC61000-3-2

(1)

2.1
i t

v t

vt

i t

(a)

i t
t

(b)

(c)

2.1

11

v t

 vt 2Vrms sin t
i t 2 I rms sin t (2.2)

1 T
2

2
V
sin
t

2
I
sin
t

dt
,
T

rms
rms
T 0

Vrms I rms cos

Pav

(2.5)

Vrms I rms cos

(2.4)
PF

Vrms I rms cos

cos
Vrms I rms

(2.6)

(2.6)

(2)

vt Vm sin t (Fourier series)

i t I 0 I n sin n t n

(2.7)

n 1

vt Vm sin t (2.7)(2.2) Pav

Pav

Vm I 1
cos 1 Vrms I1,rms cos 1
2

(2.8)

I1,rms

I
I I
1 , I rms I 02 1 2
2
2 2

12

(2.9)

(2.8)(2.4) PF
PF

I1, rms
I rms

cos 1

(2.10)

(distortion factor) K d (2.11)

I1, rms

Kd

(2.11)

I rms

(displacement factor) K (2.12)

K cos 1

(2.12)

PF K d K

(2.13)

(2.10)

1.

2.

(THDTotal Harmonic Distortion)THD

THD

I n2,rms

n 1

I12,rms

13

2
I12,rms
I rms

I1,rms

(2.14)

(2.10)(2.14)

PF

1
1 THD

cos 1

(2.15)

(2.15)

(1) K 1
(2) K d THD
K d 1

2.2
2.2

LC

2.2

2.2.1
(1) LC

LC 2.3 L C
LC L C

14

iin t

vin t

L
C

2.3 LC
(2)

2.4 C1

C 2 L

iin t

vin t

C1 C2

2.4
(3)
2.5 C
D

iin t

D1 C1
D2

vin t

C2 D3

2.5

15

(60 Hz)

2.2.2
1980

(CCM)(DCM)

(CCM)
(CCM)
(multiplier

approach control)
(1)

(2)

16


(1) (average current control)

2.6 2.7 v g
k v vcv vm
ig* ig* v g
(PWM) i g ig*
DC-DC converter

ig

vin

Line
Filter

vg

kd
LPF

vo

RS
v pwm

kv
vm A AB ig*
C
2
B C

RS ig
km

vig .ref

CI (s)

vcv

kf

vci

k f vo

vref

CV (s)

2.6

ig

ig
i g*

2.7

17

(2) (peak current control)

2.8 SEPIC
iL ig
clock turn on
turn off ig ig
ig

ig

ig

ig*

ig

clock

t
t

2.8
(3) (hysteresis current control)
2.9
i g i g i g
i g ig

ig

ig

ig

i g*
i g
t
t

2.9

18

(4) (critical conduction control)

2.10 SEPIC
i g i g
i g CCM DCM
ig iL off on ig
t on on off
ig v g ig
ig

i g*

ig
ig

t
t

2.10
(DCM)

(DCM)

(voltage follower approach) 2.11

vo Vref
(PWM)

(DCM)

19

DC-DC converter

ig
Line
Filter

vin

vg

vo
kf

PWM

vcv

Vref

CV (s)

2.11

2.3 SEPIC
(boost)(Buck)
(Buck-Boost)

SEPIC
2.12
v g t vm sin t v g t
T2 L

ig iL1

vL1

D io

C1

iCo

vC1

vL2

L2
iL2

2.12 SEPIC

20

Co

vg

iC1

L1

(2.16)

vin

iin

1 2

T2 L

vCo R

vo

SEPIC

1.

(CCM)

2.

Vo

3.

4.

TS T2 L TS
v g (t )

SEPIC
SONDOFF
S ON D OFF dTS
0 t dTS 2.132.152.13

L1 v g L2 C1
Co L1 v L1 v g
L2 v L2 vC1

iL1 (t ) iL1 (0)

1 t
1
v L1 (t )dt iL1 (0) v g t

L1 0
L1

(2.17)

iL2 (t ) iL2 (0)

1
L2

(2.18)

0 vL

(t )dt iL2 (0)

1
vc t
L2 1

(Kirchoffs voltage law, KVL)

SEPIC

v g v L1 vC1 v L2 0

(2.19)

v L1 v L2 0
vC1 v g

(2.20)

vC1 v g TS vC1 v g
L2 v L2 v g L1 L2
v g / L1 v g / L2 C1 iC1 iL2
21

ig iL1

iC1

L1
+ vL1

vg

C1

DOFF

iCo

+ vC1

vL2

SON

Co

L2

vCo R

vo

iL2
2.13 SEPIC SON
SOFFDON
SOFFDON (1 d )TS
dTS t TS 2.142.152.14

L1 L2 D
Co L1 v L1 v g vc1 vo L2
v L2 Vo
iL1 (t ) iL1 ( dTs )

1 t
v L (t )dt
L1 dTS 1

(2.21)

1
iL1 ( dTS ) (v g vc1 Vo )(t dTS )
L1

iL2 (t ) iL2 (dTS )

1
L2

0 vL

(t )dt

(2.22)

1
iL2 (dTS )
(Vo )(t - dTS )
L2

ig iL1

vL1

vC1

DON io

iCo

SOFF

vL2

L2

vg

iL2

Co

iC1 C 1

L1

vCo R

vo

2.14 SEPIC SOFF

22

TS

vgs

(1 d )TS

dTS

vc1 vo

vds

ids
0

iL1
0
iL2

vg

v g vC1 vo

L1

L1

vC1

vo
L1

L1

0
vL1 , vL2

vg

0
v g vC1 vo

iD

0
iC1

2.15 SEPIC
SEPIC iL (0) iL (TS )

(2.17)(2.18)(2.21)(2.22)
iL1 (TS ) iL1 (0)

1
1
v g dTS (v g Vo vc1 )(1 d )TS
L1
L1

(2.23)

iL2 (TS ) iL2 (0)

1
1
vc1dTS
( Vo )(1 d )TS
L2
L2

(2.24)

23

 (2.20) (2.24)

Vo
d

vg 1 d

(2.25)

(2.25) d 0.5 d 0.5

d 0.5 2.16

Vo
vg

2.16
(2.25) v g (t ) vm sin(t ) d (t )
d (t )

Vo
v g (t ) Vo

(2.26)

2.17

v g (t )

vm

d (t )

Vo
vm Vo
t
2.17
24

2.4
SEPIC

2.4.1

2.18 v g K v 0 K v 1
vi g RS vi g
ei C I s PWM

d PWM S on off
2.19
L1

ig

vg

C1

iL
L2

_
vg
Kv

vi

Co

RS

VRS

RS ig

ei

C I s

RL

vo

vci

2.18
vg

Kv

vi

ei

vci

vo
ig

RS

2.19
25

2.4.2 SEPIC
SEPIC

CCM()

rL rC

TS T2 L TS
v g (t )

(1)
2.12 L1 L2 C1 Co
S D

SON DOFF2.13
L1
L2
C1
Co

diL1 (t )
dt

v g (t )

(2.27)

vc1 (t )

(2.28)

i L2 (t )

(2.29)

diL2 (t )
dt
dvc1 (t )
dt
dvco (t )
dt

1
vc (t )
RL o

(2.30)

SOFF DON2.14
L1
L2

diL1 (t )
dt

v g (t ) vc1 (t ) vco (t )

diL2 (t )
dt

vco (t )

(2.31)
(2.32)

26

C1
Co

dvc1 (t )

i L1 (t )

dt

dvco (t )
dt

(2.33)

iL1 (t ) iL2 (t )

1
vc (t )
RL o

(2.34)

(2) TS
TS
L1

d iL1 (t )

TS

dt

vL1 (t )

TS

(1 d (t )) vg (t ) vc1 (t ) vco (t )
TS
TS
TS

(1 d (t )) vc1 (t ) vco (t )
TS
TS

d (t ) vg (t )
vg (t )
L2

d iL2 (t )

TS

dt

TS

v L2 (t )

TS

(2.36)

d (t ) vc1 (t )
C1

Co

d vc1 (t )

TS

dt

d vco (t )
dt

TS

TS

d (t ) iL2 (t )

(1 d (t )) vco (t )

TS

RL

(1 d (t )) iL1 (t )

TS

vc (t )
o

d (t )
RL

vco (t )

TS

(2.35)

TS

TS

TS

(1 d (t )) i L1 (t )

(1 d (t )) i L1 (t )

TS

TS

(2.37)

i L2 (t )

i L2 (t )

TS

TS

vco (t )

TS

RL

(2.38)

(2.35)(2.38)
(3)
iL1

TS

iL2

TS

v g

TS

vc1

TS

vco

TS

d Q( I L1 I L2 Vg Vc1 Vco d )

27

iL1 (t )
iL2 (t )
v g (t )
vc1 (t )

TS
TS

~
~
I L2 iL2 (t ) , I L2 iL2 (t )
Vg v~g (t ) , Vg v~g (t )

TS
TS

Vc1 v~c1 (t ) , Vc1 v~c1 (t )

TS

Vco v~co (t ) , Vco v~co (t )

vco (t )
d (t )

~
~
I L1 iL1 (t ) , I L1 iL1 (t )

TS

(2.39)

~
~
D d (t ) , D d (t )

(2.39)(2.35)(2.38)
~
d iL1 (t )
dt
~
d iL2 (t )
dt
dv~c1 (t )
dt
dv~co (t )
dt

Vc Vco
1 D ~
1 D ~
1 ~
vc1 (t )
vco (t ) 1
v g (t ) -
L1
L1
L1
L1

~
d (t )

(2.40)

Vc Vco
D
1 D ~
vco (t ) 1
v~c1 (t )
L2
L2
L2

~
d (t )

(2.41)

I L I L2
D ~
1 D ~
iL1 (t ) iL2 (t ) 1

C1
C1
C1

~
d (t )

(2.42)

I I L2
1 ~
1 D ~
1 D ~
vco L1
iL2 (t )
iL1 (t )

Co RL
Co
Co
Co

~
d (t ) (2.43)

(4)
(2.41)(2.44)
~
~
d iL1 (t )
iL1 (t )

~dt

~
d iL2 (t )
iL (t )
dt
2
~
B1 v~g (t ) B2 d (t )
~
A

dv ic1 (t )
v~ (t )
dt
c1
dv~ (t )

co
v~ (t )
co
dt

28

(2.44)

A
1 D

C1
1 D
C
o

0
D
C1
1 D
Co

(1 D)
L1
D
L2
0
0

Vc1 Vco
1
(1 D )

L
L1
L1
1

Vc1 Vco
(1 D )

0
L2
L2

B
B

2
1

( I L1 I L2

0

C1

1
( I L1 I L2

Co RL
0
Co

i L1 (t ) vco (t )
~
~
iL1 (t )
iL1 (t )

~
~
iL (t )
iL (t )
2
2
~
iL1 (t ) 1 0 0 0
: C

v~ (t )
v~ (t )
c1
c1

v~ (t )
v~ (t )
co
co

(2.45)

~
~
iL1 (t )
iL1 (t )

~
~

iL2 (t )
iL2 (t )

:
v~co (t ) 0 0 0 1
D

v~ (t )
v~ (t )
c1
c1

v~ (t )
v~ (t )
co
co

(2.46)

~
iL1 (t ) v~co (t )

v~g (t ) 0

iL1 ( s )
d (s)

v~g ( s ) 0

C ( SI A) B2

vc o ( s )
d ( s)

n1s 3 n2 s 2 n3 s n4

v~g ( s ) 0

s 4 d1s 3 d 2 s 2 d 3 s d 4

D( SI A) 1 B2

29

m1s 3 m2 s 2 m3 s m4
s 4 d1s 3 d 2 s 2 d 3 s d 4

(2.47)

(2.48)


n1
n2
n3
n4

Vc1 Vco
L1
Vc1 Vco

L1Co RL

(1 D)( I L1 I L2 ) 1
1

L1
C
C
o
1

(Vc1 Vco ) D
L1L2C1
(Vc1 Vco ) D
L1L2C1Co RL

m1
m2

( I L1 I L2 )(1 D )

( I L1 I L2 )(1 D)

L1C1Co RL
L1L2C1Co

( I L1 I L2 )
Co

(1 D)(VC1 VCo )
Co

m3
m4

D( I L1 I L2 )
L1C1Co

(1 D)(VC1 VCo )
L1 L2C1Co

d1

1
Co RL

d2

(1 D) 2 (1 D) 2
D 2 (1 D) 2

C1L1
Co L1
C1L2
Co L2

d3

1 D 2 (1 D) 2

C1Co RL L2
L1

d4

(1 D) 2
C1Co L1L2

~
~
~
iL1 s / d s v~o s / d s

~
d s (pulse-width modulation, PWM)

PWM
30

 2.20 vctrl t V p
vramp v pwm t 2.20
vctrl vramp
dTs vctrl

Ts
Vp

(2.49)

d vctrl
~

d Dd

~
vctrl Vctrl vctrl

(2.50)

~ Vctrl v~ctrl
Dd
Vp

(2.51)

~
d s
1

~
vctrl s V p

(2.52)

(2.49)(2.50)

PWM

vctrl (t )

Vp

v pwm (t )

vramp (t )

vctrl (t )
Ts

vramp (t )

dTs

t
t

2.20
2.21 C I s
i g t

TS

i L1 t

TS

v g t

2.22

vg

Kv

vi

e~i

v~ci

C I (s )

1 d~
VP

Gvd (s )

v~o ( s )

Gid (s )

~
iL1 ( s )

RS

2.21
31

v g (t )
ig (t )

v g (t )
ig (t )

Ts

ig (t )
t

2.22 i g (t ) ig (t )

Ts

v g (t )

ig
v g v g
(120 Hz) ig v g

2.5
C I s
[38]

2.5.1
2.19 i g t v g t
i g t
ig t

K v v g t

T2 L Pin (t )
Pin t T

2L

v g t

(2.53)

RS

K v v g t
RS

T2 L

T2 L

K v v g2 rms
RS

(2.54)

T2 L vo

32

Po t T

2L

vo2 t

RL

vo2

RL

T2 L

(2.55)

100 %
Pin t T

2L

Po t T

(2.56)

2L

K v vg2 ( rms )
RS

vo2
RL

(2.57)

(2.57) RL vg ( rms )
vo
vo
K f vo vref ev
CV s vcv K v v g v g ( dc ) vcv

K m vi

g .ref

vcv
2.23 2.24
ig

L1

C1

iL1

vC1 _

L2

iL2 vCo

iin

vg

vin

_
_
Kd

VRS

vcv

g .ref

ei

vo

d
Kf

PWM

RS ig

Km v
i

Co RL

RS

Kv

K v vg
v g (dc ) A
AB
LPF
C
C2

io

vci

C I s

CV s

2.23 SEPIC
33

vref

T2 L
vref

ev

K v vg

CV s

vcv

Km

TS
vi .ref
e
g

CI s

vci

vo
ig

RS

vg2 ( dc )
Kf

2.24 SEPIC
vg ( rms )
vo
1 v g2 rms
vg ( rms ) v g ( dc )
vg ( dc ) vg (LPF) vg t vm sin t

vg ( rms ) vm

2 vg ( dc ) 2vm

vg rms
vg dc

2 2

(2.58)

2.23 i g t
vig .ref
vig .ref t RS i g t

8 K v K m vcv v g t

2 v g2 ( dc )

(2.59)

ig t
ig t

8K v K m vcv vg t

2 RS vg2 ( dc )

(2.60)

(2.54)(2.55)(2.58)(2.56)
K v K m vcv vo2

RS
RL

(2.61) vo v g (rms ) vo vcv

34

(2.61)


v g (120 Hz) vo
v g
vi g .ref 120 Hz
vcv 120 Hz
CV s 120 Hz

2.5.2
C I s
SEPIC vcv
vo
T2 L vcv
vg ( dc )
Pin (t )

T2 L

v g (t )ig (t )

T2 L

8 K v K m vcv vg2 ( rms ) t

RS vg2 ( dc )

K v K m vcv
RS

(2.62)

Po (t )

vo (t )io (t )

T2 L

T2 L

vo io (t )

T2 L

(2.63)

100 %(2.62)
(2.63)
io t

T2 L

i g t
ig t

T2 L

T2 L

vg t
Re

(2.64)

T2 L

K v K m vcv
: f1 vcv , vo
RS vo

8 K v K mvcv
8K K v
v g t
2 v m cv
2
2
T2 L
RS vg ( dc )
RS vg ( dc )

35

(2.65)

 vg t vm sin t
vg dc

(2.66)

vm

(2.66)(2.65)
ig t

T2 L

ig t

4 K v K mvcv
: f 2 vcv , vm
RS vm

T2 L

(2.67)

io t T vcv
2L

vo vm Q( I g , I o ,Vcv ,Vo ,Vm )

ig (t )
io (t )

T2 L

T2 L

~
I g ig

~
I o io T

T2 L

2L

~
(t ) , I g ig

~
(t ) , I o io T

T2 L

2L

(t )

(t )

vcv (t ) Vcv v~cv (t ) , Vcv v~cv (t )

(2.68)

vo (t ) Vo v~o (t ) , Vo v~o (t )

vm (t ) Vm v~m (t ) , Vm v~m (t )

(2.64)(2.67)
Ig

4 K v K mVcv
RSVm

(2.69)

Io

K v K mVcv Vo

RS Vo
RL

(2.70)

(2.68)(2.64)(2.67)

~
io T

2L

K K V
K K
f 2 ~
f
vcv t 2 v~o t v m v~cv t v m 2 cv v~o t
vcv Q
vo Q
RsVo
RsVo

1
: g c v~cv t v~o t
ro

36

(2.71)

~
ig

T2 L

K K V
4 Kv Km ~
f1 ~
f
vcv t 1 v~m t
vcv t v m 2 cv v~m t
vcv Q
vm Q
RsVm
RsVm

1
: g i v~cv t v~m t
ri

(2.72)

Kv Km
RsVo2
4 Kv K m
RsVm2
gi
ri
gc
ro
K v K mVcv
K v K mVcv
RsVm
RsVo

(2.73)

(2.71)(2.72) 2.25
~
ig
v~m

~
io T

T2 L

2L

ri

ro

g i v~cv

g c v~cv

Co

RL

v~o

2.25 SEPIC
(2.61) (2.73) RL 1 / ro 2.25

(Laplace transform) v~cv v~o

Kv Km
~

RL
vo s
1
1 RsVo Co

g
r
//
R
//
g
//
: G s
c
o
L
c

2 sC
2
v~cv s
sC
o
o

s
RLCo

(2.74)

2.25 G s
SEPIC CV s
vref

CV s

vcv

G s

vo

Kf

2.26 SEPIC
37

3.1
(switched reluctance motor)
[39] 12/8
3.1

(1)

(2)

(3)

38

(4)

(5)

:
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

39

 3.1 12/8

3.2
12/8

3.2.1 [46]

3.2

Va ia Ra

da
dt

(3.1)

Vb ib Rb

db
dt

(3.2)

Vc ic Rc

dc
dt

(3.3)

Va Vb Vc

Ra Rb Rc

ia ib ic

:
40

a b c

Lxy

: x,y=abc x y
x=y

a b c
a ia Laa ib Lba ic Lca

(3.4)

b ia Lab ib Lbb ic Lcb

(3.5)

c ia Lac ib Lbc ic Lcc

(3.6)

RX

VX

LX

eX
x a, b, c

3.2

(3.4)(3.6)
a ia La

(3.7)

b ib Lb

(3.8)

c ic Lc

(3.9)

(3.7)(3.9)(3.1)(3.3)
dLaia
dt
dL i
Vb ib Rb b b
dt

Va ia Ra

41

(3.10)
(3.11)

Vc ic Rc

dLcic
dt

(3.12)

dLxix
x=abc
dt
di
dLxix
dL
ix x Lx x
dt
dt
dt

(3.13)

dLx
(3.14)
dt

dLx dLx d

dt
d dt

dt
di
dL
Va ia Ra La a ia a
dt
d

ix

(3.14)

(3.15)

Vb ib Rb Lb

dib
dL
ib b
dt
d

(3.16)

Vc ic Rc Lc

dic
dL
ic c
dt
d

(3.17)

dLx
ex x=abc
d

Va ia Ra La

dia
ea
dt

(3.18)

Vb ib Rb Lb

dib
eb
dt

(3.19)

Vc ic Rc Lc

dic
ec
dt

(3.20)

3.2.2

42

 3.3

3.3
3.4

3.4

43



[47]

W f
W
Te c

Wc di

(3.21)
(3.22)

W f id

(3.23)

W f (field energy)

Wc (co-energy)

L(3.24)
L( )i

(3.24)

(3.24)(3.22)(3.23)
1
L( )i 2
2
1 1 2
1
Wf
L( )i 2
2 L( )
2

Wc

1 dL( )
Te i 2
2
d

(3.25)
(3.26)
(3.27)

(3.25)(3.26)(3.21)
(3.27) (3.24)
(co-energy)(field energy)

44

3.2.3

d 2
d
Te J 2 B
TL
dt
dt

(3.28)

Te

TL

12/8
15 24

360
Nr

step

X step

(3.29)

360
mN r

360

step

mN r

(3.30)
(3.31)

step

X step

N r

m
m f
60mf
N

60mf 60 f

X step
Nr

45

(3.32)

3.3

3.3.1

3.5 L( )
Bs

L()

Br

3.5

( dL d 0 )

( dL d 0 )
(3.27)

46


3.6
L()

Te ()

3.6

3.3.2
3.7 A
1 3.7(a) 1
A B
3.7(b) ABC

(a)

(b)

3.7
47

3.4

3.8
12/8 8 8

15

15

3.8
48

 45
15
3.9

45

3.75( 3.9
)
3.10

3.75
45

rotor

stator
sensor
3.9
49

L()
L max
L min

3.10

3.5

3.11

a.
b.
c.

d.
e.

50

 3.11

3.5.1
12/8
3.11
A B C
(soft chopping)
T1T2 T3
T4T5 T6

AB C A B

A
A T4 T1 PWM
T1T4 A
3.12 T4 T1 PWM T4
D4 3.12

51

 3.12 (

A B
A B T5 T2
PWM 3.13 B
A D1 D4 A
B

3.13 (

A B
A B A T5
T2 PWM T2T5 B
3.12 T5 T2 PWM
T5 D5 3.14
52

 3.14 (

53


SEPIC
SEPIC

4.1 SEPIC
SEPIC
SEPIC

SEPIC 4.1

ig

L1

C1

iL1

vC1 _

L2

iL2 vCo

iin

vg

vin

_
_
Kd

io

Co RL

RS
VRS

Kv

Kf

K v vg
v g (dc ) A
AB
C
C2

vo

RS ig

Km v
i

g .ref

ei

vci

C I s

vcv

CV s

4.1 SEPIC

54

vref

 4.1 SEPIC

vin

90~260 vac

Vo

170 V

Po

400 W

L1 L2

2 mH

C1

1 F

Co

940 F

4.1 (2.49) SEPIC

(2.26) d
0.3~1 4.2
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

150

d=0.3
d=0.5
d=0.7
d=0.9
HF Approx.

100

50

-50
90

Phase (deg)

0
-90
-180
-270
-1
10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.2 SEPIC
s j 4.2 d
(200Hz )(High
Frequency Approximation)[41] (4.1)
55

~
iL1 ( s )
~
d ( s ) v~

VC1 VCo

g ( s ) 0

sL1

(4.1)

SEPIC
(2.20)(4.1)
v g
ig
v g Gid ( s )
Gid ( s )

148500
s

(4.2)

2.20 IC

UC3854 VP IC 5.2 V
RS 0.125
120Hz
2 kHz

6 kHz ; 45

1. 6 kHz
2. 64.62
(4.2)
PI
PI
GPI ( s )

s 2730
s

56

(4.3)

Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

80
60
40

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 676
Magnitude (dB): 6.99e-005

20
0
-20

Phase (deg)

-40
-90

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 676
Phase (deg): -123

-135

-180
1
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.3 PI
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

30
20

System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 938
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

10
0

Phase (deg)

-10
0

-45

-90
1
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.4 PI
PI
4.3 4.4 (Phase Margin) 57
938 Hz PI
GPL ( s ) (4.4)
GPL ( s )

s 125574000
s 9095000

(4.4)

4.5 4.6
57

Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

60
40

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.85e+003
Magnitude (dB): 0.00447

20
0
-20

Phase (deg)

-40
-90
System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.85e+003
Phase (deg): -93.5

-135

-180
2
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.5
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

50
0 System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 8.2e+003
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

-50

Phase (deg)

-100
0
-45
-90
-135
-180
2
10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.6
4.5 4.6 86.5
8.2 k Hz C I ( s )
s 2 125576730s 342817020000
C I ( s ) G PI ( s ) G PL ( s )
s 2 9095000 s

(4.5)

(4.5)
d

58

 90 Vac d 0.57 ~ 1
C I (s ) d
4.7 4.8 8.2~9.5

kHz 76
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

200
100

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.76e+003
Magnitude (dB): 0.0536

-100

-200
0

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.76e+003
Phase (deg): -94.3

-45
Phase (deg)

d=0.57
d=0.67
d=0.77
d=0.87
d=0.97

-90

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.76e+003
Phase (deg): -104

-135
-180
-225
-270
-1
10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.7 90 Vac d
Bode Diagram

30

Magnitude (dB)

25

System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 9.5e+003
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

20
15

System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 8.2e+003
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

10
5
0

Phase (deg)

-5
45

d=0.57
d=0.67
d=0.77
d=0.87
d=0.97

-45

-90
2
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.8 90 Vac d

59

 260 v ac d 0.3 ~ 1
C I (s ) d
4.9 4.10 14.4~15.4

kHz 84.8
Bode Diagram

200

d=0.3
d=0.5
d=0.7
d=0.9

150
Magnitude (dB)

100

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 1.43e+004
Magnitude (dB): -0.0906

50
0
-50
-100
-150
90

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 1.43e+004
Phase (deg): -95.2

Phase (deg)

0
-90
-180
-270
-1
10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.9 260 v ac d

Bode Diagram

30

Magnitude (dB)

25
System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 1.54e+004
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

20
15

System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 1.44e+004
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

10
5

Phase (deg)

0
45

d=0.3
d=0.5
d=0.7
d=0.9

-45

-90
2
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.10 260 v ac d

60

4.2 SEPIC

SEPIC G (s ) (4.6)
Kv Km
RVC
G (s) S o o
2
s
RL Co

(4.6)

K v 6.28 104 K m
3900 RS 0.125 RL 400 W

72.25 4.1
(4.7) Cv (s )
G(s)

122.6
s 29.45

(4.7)

120 Hz vo
v g
vi g .ref 120 Hz

vcv 120 Hz
CV s 120 Hz
1/10
50~200 ms 5~20 Hz

76.34

1. 5~20 Hz
2. 76.34
61

(4.7) 4.11
170V
G I ( s ) = 1 / s
Step Response

30

Output Voltage

25
20
15
10
5
0

0.05

0.1
Time (sec)

0.15

4.11
4.12
4.13 4.12
4.12 0.0293 Hz
GLP ( s )
Bode Diagram

40

Magnitude (dB)

20
0

System: Gvpic
Frequency (Hz): 0.0293
Magnitude (dB): 24.1

-20
-40
-60
-80
0

Phase (deg)

-45
-90
-135
-180
-3
10

10

-2

10

-1

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.12
62

10

Step Response

180

System: untitled1
Final Value: 170

160
140

Output Voltage

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

Time (sec)

4.13
GLP ( s )
(4.8)
GLP ( s )

3500( s 25)
s 350

(4.8)

4.14 4.16
Bode Diagram

20

Magnitude (dB)

System: Gvid1
Frequency (Hz): 8.19
Magnitude (dB): -0.00241

-20
-40
-60

Phase (deg)

-80
-45

-90
System: Gvid1
Frequency (Hz): 8.19
Phase (deg): -94.6

-135

-180
0
10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.14
63

10

Bode Diagram

30

Magnitude (dB)

20

System: Gvidc
Frequency (Hz): 8.97
Magnitude (dB): 24.1

10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0

Phase (deg)

-45
-90
-135
-180
-1
10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.15
Step Response

180
160

System: untitled1
Final Value: 170

System: untitled1
Settling Time (sec): 0.0985

140

Output Voltage

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Time (sec)

4.16
4.14
85.4 4.15 8.97Hz 4.16

98.5ms 170V

C ( s ) G I ( s ) G LP

3500s 87500
s 2 350 s

64

(4.9)

4.3

v x (t ) i x (t ) R x Lx

di x (t )
e x (t )
dt

(4.10)

ex (t ) k E (t )

(4.11)

Te (t ) kT i x (t ) TL (t ) B (t ) J

d (t )
dt

(4.12)

vx

ix

Rx

Lx

ex

Te

TL

kT

k E

(4.10)(4.11)(4.12)

Vx ( s) ( Lx s Rx ) I x ( s) Ea ( s) ( Lx s Rx ) I x ( s) k E ( s)

(4.13)

Ea ( s) k E ( s)

(4.14)

Te ( s ) kT ix ( s ) TL ( s ) ( Js B ) ( s )

(4.15)

(s)

1
Te ( s ) TL ( s )
Js B

(4.16)

1
V x ( s ) k E ( s )
I x ( s )
L
s
R

x
x

(4.17)

Te ( s ) kT I x ( s )

(4.18)

E x (s) k E (s)

(4.19)

(4.16)(4.19) 4.17
65

TL (s )
Vx (s )

1
Lx s Rx

ix (s )

kT

E x (s )

Te (s )

1
Js B

(s )

kE

4.17
L
R J B

4.18
TL ( s )
kT

E x (s )

Cv (s )

i*

Ci (s )

1
Lx s Rx

kT
Js B

4.18
E x ( s )
TL ( s ) Gi ( s )
Gi ( s )

1
Ls R

(4.20)

Gv ( s )
Gv ( s )

kT
Js B

(4.21)

66

4.3.1
12/8

4.19 0
GW Instek LCR-821 meter A

4.19

GW Instek LCR-821 meter 12Hz~200kHz

60HzLCR meter Ls A
4.20 A
28.525mH 6.553mH
0.03

Inductance(H)

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

10

15
20
25
30
Rotor Position(degree)

35

4.20 A
67

40

45

4.21
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

0
-20
-40
-60

Phase (deg)

-80
0

6.55mH
12.63mH
21.20mH
28.52mH

-45

-90
0
10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.21

4.4
PID

(1)

(2)
(3)

68

 PID

(IP)(PI)
IP 4.22
Gi ( s ) bi /( s ai ) (4.22) PI

4.23 (4.23)
bi k I i
i

i* s 2 (ai bi k Pi ) s bi k Ii
i*

k Ii
s

(4.22)

Gi (s )

k pi

4.22 (IP)
bi k pi s bi k Ii
i
2
*
i
s (ai bi k Pi ) s bi k Ii

(4.23)

k pi

i*

k Ii
s

Gi (s )

4.23 (PI)
(4.23) PI IP
(4.22) IP
PI

69

IP [40] IP
PI :

(1) IP PI k Ii k pi PI IP

(2) k Ii k pi IP

(3) IP
k I k p

(4) PI

IP

(IP)

4.22 IP
(4.24)

i
bi k Ii
n2

i * s 2 ( ai bi k Pi ) s bi k Ii s 2 2 n s n 2

(4.24)

(4.24) IP n
k Ii k pi
(4.25)(4.26)

k Ii

n 2
bi

70

(4.25)

k pi

2 n ai
bi

(4.26)

Ts 0.002

1(4.25)(4.26) IP k Ii 89920
k pi 87.28 4.24

4.25 170Hz86.3~75
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

50

-50

Phase (deg)

-100
0

6.55mH
12.63mH
21.20mH
28.52mH

-45
-90
-135
-180
-2
10

10

-1

10

10
10
Frequency (Hz)

10

10

10

4.24 IP
Bode Diagram

Magnitude (dB)

0
-20
-40
-60
-80

Phase (deg)

-100
0

6.55mH
12.63mH
21.20mH
28.52mH

-45
-90
-135
-180
0
10

10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

4.25 IP

71

10

4.5

4.26 Gci ( s ) 4.4

IP k pi k Ii

1
Gv bv s av
4.27 (4.27)

k Iv
s

Gci (s )

Gv (s )

k Pv

4.26 IP

k Iv
s

Gv (s )

k Pv

4.27 IP
bv k Iv
r
2
*
s (av bv k Pv ) s bv k Iv
r

(4.27)

IP 4.4
k pv k Iv

72


SEPIC
5.1
SEPIC

SEPIC
D1

L1

D3

vs

C1
L2

D2

Co

D4

ig
vg
LPF

v ref

v g (dc )

Switching Signals
ia

PWM

ig

vcv

ib

ic

i*

S1

vo

S2

IC UC 3854

S3

SEPIC

5.1 SEPIC

5.2 12/8
MosFET
5.1

microchip dsPIC30F4011
16 bit 5.2

73

i*

S3

S2

S1

5.2
SEPIC 5.3 IC
UC3854 SEPIC 5.3 IC UC3854
SEPIC
L1

ig

iin

Co

L2

C ff 1

R ff 2

C ff 2

R ff 3

vg dc

Rvac

Rcz Ccz

Rci

ei

v g1
A
C
B

RL

RS

Ccp

R ff 1

io

iL

vg

vin

C1

vci

C I s

AB
C2

vig .ref
Km

C1

C2 R2

Rvc

vcv

UC3854

vref
CV s

5.3 SEPIC

74

Rvd

vo

5.1 SEPIC
SEPIC IC UC 3854
SEPIC IC UC 3854
SEPIC

5.1.1 IC UC 3854
PFCICPFC
ICUnitrode UC 3854
UC 3854

SEPICIC UC 3854
SEPIC
UC 3854 AC-DC

ig vg

vo
5.3 / UC 3854
AB C
A vg1
v g1

75

B vcv
vcv vi g .ref

C v g dc
5.3 / C vg dc C 2

UC 3854 16 PIN IC

1. 0.99 THD 5 %
2.
3. PWM
4. /
IC 5.4 5.1
/

7.5 V
V/AOUT MULOUT ISENS CA OUT PKLMT

Vref
7.5 V

VCC

VCC

16 V/10 V
2.5 V/2.25 V

Duty out

ENA

18 V

7.5 V

VSENS
I VAC
VFF

7 A

B
C

AB
C

SS

CT

R SET

5.4 UC 3854
76

GND

 5.1 UC 3854

Pin 1

Pin 2

Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 6

Pin 7

GNDgroundpin 9 pin 15 0.1F

PKLMTpeak limit
pin 9 pin 1

CA OUTcurrent amplifier output

PWM
ISENCEcurrent sense minus
-0.5V
MULT OUTmultiplier output and current sense plus
-0.5V
IACinput AC current IC
6V
VA OUTvoltage amplifier output
IC 5.8V

VRMSRMS line voltage

Pin 8 1.5V~3.5V

REFvoltage reference output Vcc ENA

Pin 9 7.5V 0.1F

ENAenablePWM
Pin 10

VSENSEvoltage amplifier inverting input

RSEToscillator charging current and multiplier limit set

Pin 12

Pin 13 SSsoft start IC

Pin 11

CToscillator timing cpacitor

VCCpositive supply voltage 17V 20mA

Pin 15
IC
GT DRVgate drive PWM 15V
Pin 16
5 gate
Pin 14

77

5.1.2 SEPIC
SEPIC
5.2
5.2 SEPIC
Po max

400 W

vin

AC 90 ~ 260 Vrms

60 Hz

vo

DC 170 V

f S

70 kHz

1.

Vin (min) Po (max)

iL1 _pk (max)
iL1 _pk ( max )

2 Po ( max )
Vin ( min )

(5.1)

0.95.2(5.1)
iL1 _ pk (max)

2 400
6.98 A
90 0.9

(5.2)

iL1 20%
iL1 0.2 iL1 _ pk (max) 0.2 6.98 1.4 A

(5.3)

SEPIC D vin
vo

vo
D

vin 1 D

78

(5.4)


Dmin

vo
170

0.57
vo vin min 170 90 2

(5.5)

L1min

vin (min) Dmin

f s iL1

90 2 0.57
740 H
70000 1.4

(5.6)

L1 2 mH L2 L1
2. C1
SEPIC C1 vg
C1 L1 L2 f r
f r
vC1 vg
C1

C1

2 f r L1 L2

(5.7)

2 f line f r f s

(5.8)

f r

f s 70 kHz 2.5 kHz L1 L2

(5.7) C1
C1

2 2500 0.002 0.002

2

C1 1 F / 630V

79

1.013 F

(5.9)

3.

Thold (hold-up

time)
Thold

Vo (min) 15 ms ~ 50 ms
1 ~ 2 F
Thold 15 ms Vo (min) 120 V

Co

2 Po Thold 2 400 20 10 3

827 F
Vo2 Vo2(min)
1702 1202

(5.10)

470 F / 500 V Co 940 F

4.

Ciss Coss Rds (on )

(International Rectifier, IR)

IRFP26N60L 600 V 26 A Rds on 0.21 Ciss 5020 pF

Coss 450 pF

5.

(Ultrafast

Recovery Diode)IXYSDSEP12-12A
80

1200 V15 A trr 40 ns

5.3
5.3
L1 L2

1 mH

C1

1 F/ 630 V

Co

940 F/ 500 V

IRFP26N60L600 V26 A

DSEP12-12A1200 V15 A

5.1.3

(current sensing)

Rs 0.125 5.3
UC 3854
UC 3854
Vref VRs 5.5
vx

R pk 2
R pk1 R pk 2

Vref

R pk1
R pk1 R pk 2

VRs 0

(5.11)

R pk 2

VRS R pk1
Vref

(5.12)

R pk1 R pk 2 Vref UC 3854 7.5 VVRS

RS R pk1 10 k R pk 2 1.8 k

81

Vref 7.5 V
1 F

R pk1
vx

100 pF

PKLMT

R pk 2
RS
VRS

5.5

5.1.4 /
// vi g .ref

1.
v g1 Rvac
0.6

mA UC 3854 [42](9) UC 3854 6

Rb1
Rvac 620 k Rb1 150 k 6.1

2.
vcv vcv

5.6 V UC 3854 IC vcv 5.6V

vcv
3.
v g dc v g
1.4 V4.5 V v g dc
82

( R ff 1 R ff 2 R ff 3 )( C ff 1 C ff 2 )
5.3 v g dc

(1)

v g dc 4.5 V
v g dc 4.5 V

(2)

v g dc 1.4 V v g dc 1.4

V UC 3854 /

R ff 1 910 k R ff 2 91 k R ff 3 20 k C ff 1 0.1 F
C ff 2 0.47 F vin 110 Vrms v g dc 1.92 V

5.1.5
UC 3854 PWM f s 12

Rset 14 Ct
fs

1.25
Rset Ct

(5.13)

f s 70 kHz Rset 10 k Ct 1.8 nF

5.1.6

2.23 SEPIC
5.6 ig iL Rs vi g .ref
ei C I s C I s v~ci PWM
~

~
S d ig vi g .ref

83

vi

g .ref

~
ei

v~ci

C I s

1 d~
VP

Gid s

~
iL ( s )

RS

5.6
5.3 5.7
C I s 1

Ccp // Rcz Ccz

Rci

1
1
Rcz Ccz
1
Rci Ccp
C Ccz

s s cp

R
C
C
cz cp cz

(5.14)

Ccp Ccz Rcz Rci s 2 Ccp Rci Ccz Rci Ccz Rcz s 1
CcpCcz Rcz Rci s 2 (Ccp Rci Ccz Rci ) s
Ccp
Rcz Ccz

Rci

vci

ei

5.7

s 2 125576730 s 342817020000
CI (s)
s 2 9095000s

(5.15)

2.91700803 1012 s 2 3.663083297 104 s 1

CI ( s)
2.91700803 1012 s 2 2.653018803 10 5 s

(5.16)

84

(5.14)(5.16) Rci 3.9 k Ccp Ccz

Ccp Ccz 6802.6 pF Ccz 6.8 nF Ccp 2.6 pF
Ccz 6.8 nF Ccp 2.2 pF (5.14)
(5.16) Rcz 49967.61 Rcz 50k SEPIC

s 2 125643966.8s 342794460400
C I s
s 2 9093850.267 s

(5.17)

5.8 5.9
90 vac d 260 vac d
76 8.22~15.5 kHz

Magnitude (dB)

150

Bode Diagram

90Vac,d=0.57
90Vac,d=0.97
260Vac,d=0.3
260Vac,d=0.9

100

50

-50
90

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.94e+003
Magnitude (dB): -0.0499

Phase (deg)

0
-90
-180

System: Gicg1
Frequency (Hz): 7.93e+003
Phase (deg): -104

-270
3
10

10

Frequency (Hz)

5.8

85

10

Bode Diagram

30

Magnitude (dB)

25

System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 1.55e+004
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

20
15

System: Gidcgc
Frequency (Hz): 8.22e+003
Magnitude (dB): 15.1

10
5
0

Phase (deg)

-5
45

90Vac,d=0.57
90Vac,d=0.97
260Vac,d=0.3
260Vac,d=0.9

-45

-90
2
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

5.9

5.1.7
SEPIC (2.76)
v~o s v~cv s vo vm
RL
SEPIC 5.10 vo
vref ~
ev
CV s CV s v~cv /

vref

~
ev

CV s

v~cv

Kv Km
RsVo Co
2
s
RLCo

Rvd
Rvc Rvd

5.10
86

vo

 5.3 5.11
1
1
R2C2

CV s
Rvc // Rvd C1 C1 C2
s s
C1C2 R2

(5.18)

C1
R2 C2

vo

Rvd
Rvc Rvd

Rvc // Rvd

vref

vcv

5.11

CV ( s )

s 25
3500 s 87500

3500
s ( s 350)
s 2 350 s

(5.19)

C2 0.1F (5.18)(5.19)
R2 384615 R2 390 k C2 R2
C1 7.905 nF 7.8 nF
Rvc // Rvd 36630

(5.20)

UC 3854
170V IC 7.5V

Rvd /( Rvc Rvd ) 0.044

(5.21)

(5.20)(5.21) Rvc 820 k Rvd 37.74 k

SEPIC
CV s 3553

s 25.64
s s 350.21

87

(5.22)


5.125.13
84.6 9.5 Hz

Bode Diagram

20

Magnitude (dB)

0
System: Gvid1
Frequency (Hz): 8.38
Magnitude (dB): -0.0207

-20
-40
-60

Phase (deg)

-80
-45

-90
System: Gvid1
Frequency (Hz): 8.38
Phase (deg): -95.4

-135

-180
0
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

5.12
Bode Diagram

30

Magnitude (dB)

20

System: Gvidc
Frequency (Hz): 9.5
Magnitude (dB): 24.1

10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0

Phase (deg)

-45
-90
-135
-180
-1
10

10

10

10

Frequency (Hz)

5.13

88

10

5.2
dsPIC30F4011
MosFET
12/8 5.14

PC

MosFET

SRM

S3 S 2

S1

5.14

5.2.1 dsPIC30F4011
dsPIC30F4011[45] 40 16
5.15
Microchip dsPIC30F4011

dsPIC30F4011

dsPIC30F4011
5.4
89

5.4 dsPIC30F4011
(system clock)
7.3728 MHz

ADC(ADC channels)

12

ADC(ADC resolution)
PWM(PWM channels)

10
6

PWM(PWM resolution)

16

(data memory)

16 K

(program memory)

48 K

5.15 dsPIC30F4011

/
/

90

dsPIC30F4011516/
5.16Timer 1Timer 2Timer 3Timer 4Timer

5Timer 2Timer 3Timer 4Timer 532

/Timer 1A/
Timer 2 Timer 3B/Timer 4 Timer 5C
//5.5

5.16
5.5 /

A
Timer 1
16
16
16

(prescaler)

16

B
Timer 2
Timer 3
16
16(Timer 3
)
/
(Timer 2)

(prescaler)

16

91

C
Timer 4
Timer 5
32
32
/

(prescaler)

32

PWM
dsPIC30F4011PWM

(Pulsed-Width-Modulation)
PWM

6PWM3

16

PWM

PWM

PWM
1.
5.17PWMPWMPTMR
(PTPER)PTMR

(free running)(single shot)

(PTPER)

(PTPER) PWM
2.
5.18PWMPWMPTMR

92

PTPER

PTMR
/(continued up/down conuting)
(interrupts for double updates)/
/
/
PTMR

PTPER

PTMR
PTPER

PDCx

t
5.17 PWM

PTMR

PTPER
PDCx
t

t
5.18 PWM

93

dsPIC30F4011110

10
(successive approximation register)
500 kHzdsPIC30F4011
94
(sample&hold)5.19
/10

VREF+
Conversion
Control

VREFAN0

S/H

CH0

AN1

S/H

S/H

A D C
10 bit
500K SPS

CH1

Data
Format

Buffer
16 Deep

CH2

Bus Interface

Input Muxes

S/H

CH3

AN8
Sample
Sequence
Control

5.19

5.2.2 12/8
Emerson MAYTAG
(H55PWBKM- 1844)
5.20 5.21 5.6

94

 5.6

12

120Vac1A

1500 rpm

1.1

5.20 12/8

(a)

(b)

5.21
95

5.2.3
dsPIC30F4011 MosFET
MosFET 12 V
dsPIC30F4011 PWM
5 V/25 mA

KCP 6N136 5.22

dsPIC30F4011

5.22

5.2.4 MosFET
5.23

dsPIC30F4011 PWM
dsPIC30F4011
dsPIC30F4011
PWM

96

IC FAN7382
MosFET 4 5.24

dsPIC
30F4011

5.23

5.24 MosFET

5.2.5

5.25 MosFET
123
(PWM)456

97

 5.25

5.2.6
(Photo Interrupter)
S1 S 2 S 3 high
low S1S2S3
dsPIC30F4011

5.26
120

10 K

120

5V

5V

S1

10 K

S2
120

5V

5V

5V

10 K
5V

5V

5.26

98

S3

5.2.7
IC ACS712
IC IP+ IP- 2.5V

5V IP- IP+ 2.5V 0V

dsPIC30F4011

A/D 0V~5V
1A/1V 5.27
iin vout vout - iin 5.28

5.27

5.28 vout - iin

99

5.3

5.3.1
MICROCHIPMPLAB IDE V8.5MATLAB
MPLAB IDE V8.5dsPIC30F4011
MATLAB
(1) MATLAB
MATLAB
SEPIC
dsPIC30F4011 5.29

MATLABdsPIC30F4011

5.29 MATLAB dsPIC30F4011

(2) MPLAB IDE V8.5

MPLAB IDE V8.5 dsPIC30F4011
MPLAB IDE V8.5 C
MPLAB IDE V8.5 5.30
100

 5.30 MPLAB IDE V8.5

1 5 1
5.7 5.31
5.7

200us (5kHz)

1ms (1kHz)

PWM

101

 5.31 dsPIC30F4011

5.3.2
dsPIC30F4011

S1S2S3 (XOR)
(pulse) 5.32 dsPIC30F4011 (input

capture)(pulse)
(pulse)(rpm)
(5.1)

102

rpm

60
pulse value

pulse(pulse)
valuecapture

5.32

103

(5.23)


SEPIC
SEPIC 90 Vac ~260 Vac
100W~400W

6.1 SEPIC
SEPIC IC UC 3854
90 ~ 260 Vac 170 V 400 W
6.1 6.1 6.2
iin

L1

ig

C1

L2

Rvc

Co

Rvd

RS

0.125

3.9 K

Rci

R pk 2

3.9 K

Rcz

Ccp

C2

22 pF

820 K

RL
37.74 K

10

1.8 K
100 pF

50 K

C1

7.8 nF

390 K

io

iL

vg

vin

R2

Ccz

R pk1

6.8 nF

10 K

0.1 F

1 F

VCC
7.5 V

Rvac

VCC

16 V/10 V
22 K

620 K

2.5 V/2.25 V

R ff 1

910 K

Rb1

18 V

7.5 V

150 K

R ff 2
91 K

7 A

C ff 1 R ff 3

C ff 2

0.1 F

0.47 F 100 F 1 F 1 F

20 K

B
C

x2

AB
C

Ct

1.8 nF

Rset

10 K

6.1 SEPIC

104

vo

 6.1 SEPIC
vin

90~260 Vac

vo

170 V

L1

2 mH

C1

1 F

L2

2 mH

Co

940 F

f s

70 kHz

Ts

14.28 s

RL

289 ~ 72.25

Po

400 W

6.2 SEPIC
SEPIC 90~260 Vac
100~400 W

SEPIC
FFT

105

6.1.1
vin 90 Vac Po 100 ~ 350 W 6.3
vin t iin t
Vo 170V GW APS-9102
6.2

vin (t )

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(a) Po 100 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

(b) Po 200 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(c) Po 300 W vin t iin t Vo (d) Po 350 W vin t iin t Vo

6.3 vin 90 Vac
6.2 vin 90 Vac

100 W

150 W

200 W

250 W

300 W

350 W

PF

0.989

0.990

0.963

0.969

0.968

0.971

106

 vin 110 Vac Po 100 ~ 400 W 6.4

vin t iin t
Vo 170V GW APS-9102
6.3

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

(a) Po 100 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

(b) Po 200 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(c) Po 300 W vin t iin t Vo (d) Po 400 W vin t iin t Vo

6.4 vin 110 Vac
6.3 vin 110 Vac

100 W

150 W

200 W

300W

350 W

400 W

PF

0.983

0.987

0.956

0.966

0.967

0.972

107

 vin 130 Vac Po 100 ~ 400 W 6.5

vin t iin t
Vo 170V GW APS-9102
6.4

vin (t )

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(a) Po 100 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

(b) Po 200 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

(c) Po 300 W vin t iin t Vo (d) Po 400 W vin t iin t Vo

6.5 vin 130 Vac
6.4 vin 130 Vac

100 W

150 W

200 W

300W

350 W

400 W

PF

0.980

0.985

0.987

0.964

0.968

0.972

108

 vin 180 Vac Po 100 ~ 400 W 6.6

vin t iin t
Vo 170V GW APS-9102
6.5

vin (t )

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(a) Po 100 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

(b) Po 200 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

(c) Po 300 W vin t iin t Vo (d) Po 400 W vin t iin t Vo

6.6 vin 180 Vac
6.5 vin 180 Vac

100 W

150 W

200 W

300W

350 W

400 W

PF

0.967

0.976

0.981

0.986

0.963

0.969

109

 vin 220 Vac Po 100 ~ 400 W 6.7

vin t iin t
Vo 170V GW APS-9102
6.6

vin (t )

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(a) Po 100 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

(b) Po 200 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(c) Po 300 W vin t iin t Vo (d) Po 400 W vin t iin t Vo

6.7 vin 220 Vac
6.6 vin 220 Vac

100 W

150 W

200 W

300W

350 W

400 W

PF

0.957

0.964

0.970

0.975

0.950

0.956

110

 vin 260 Vac Po 100 ~ 400 W 6.8

vin t iin t
Vo 170V GW APS-9102
6.7

vin (t )

vin (t )

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(a) Po 100 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

(b) Po 200 W vin t iin t Vo

vin (t )

Vo

Vo

iin (t )

iin (t )

(c) Po 300 W vin t iin t Vo (d) Po 400 W vin t iin t Vo

6.8 vin 260 Vac
6.7 vin 260 Vac

100 W

150 W

200 W

300W

350 W

400 W

PF

0.964

0.972

0.976

0.981

0.951

0.959

111

6.1.2

Po 200 W 6.9 6.12

90 Vac 110 Vac 110 Vac 130 Vac 180 Vac 220 Vac 180 Vac 220 Vac

170 V

(a) 90 Vac 110 Vac vo

(b) 110 Vac 90 Vac vo

6.9 vin 90 Vac 110 Vac (CH1CH3

)

(a) 110 Vac 130 Vac vo

(b) 130 Vac 110 Vac vo

6.10 vin 110 Vac 130 Vac (CH1

CH3)
112

(a) 180 Vac 220 Vac vo

(b) 220 Vac 180 Vac vo

6.11 vin 180 Vac 220 Vac (CH1

CH3)

(a) 220 Vac 260 Vac vo

(b) 260 Vac 220 Vac vo

6.12 vin 220 Vac 260 Vac (CH1

CH3)

113

6.1.3

110 Vac 6.13 6.14

Po 150 W 300 W

170 V

Po 150 W

Po 300 W

6.13 Po 150 W 300 W (CH3CH4

)

Po 300 W

Po 150 W

6.14 Po 300 W 150 W (CH3CH4

)
114

 220 Vac 6.15 6.16

Po 200 W 400 W

170 V

Po 200 W

Po 400 W

6.15 Po 200 W 400 W (CH3CH4

)

Po 400 W

Po 200 W

6.16 Po 400 W 200 W (CH3CH4

)

115

6.1.4 FFT
Tektronix TDS3014B iin t 110 Vac 400 W
FFT 6.17 IEC61000-3-2 Class D
6.18

6.17 vin 110 Vac Po 400 W iin t FFT

mA/W

IEC6100-3-2 Class D
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

IEC6100-3-2 Class D
Measurement

Harmonic Order (n)

6.18 vin 110 Vac Po 400 W IEC61000-3-2 Class D

116

 Tektronix TDS3014B iin t 220 Vac 400 W

FFT 6.19 IEC61000-3-2 Class D
6.20

6.19 vin 220 Vac Po 400 W iin t FFT

mA/W

IEC6100-3-2 Class D
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

IEC6100-3-2 Class D
Measurement

Harmonic Order (n)

6.20 vin 220 Vac Po 400 W IEC61000-3-2 Class D

117

6.1.5 SEPIC
vo 170 V 110 Vac 220 Vac
RL 100 W 400 W SEPIC
6.21 6.8 86% ~ 89.8%

100

110Vac
220Vac

98
96

Effciency (%)

94
92
90
88
86
84
82
80

100

150

200

250
Outpu Power (W)

300

350

400

6.21
6.8

vin

Po W

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

110 Vac

87.5

87.8

89.8

88.9

88.2

87.5

87.2

220 Vac

86

87.4

88

88.2

88.2

89.5

88.9

(%)

118

6.2
6.22
dsPIC30F4011 6.23 6.24
(Ogura Industrial Corp.) PB 1.2

6.22

6.23 dsPIC30F4011
119

 6.24

6.2.1
3.5
6.25 6.26

ABC S1S 2S3

ABC

12/8
6.9
6.27 6.28
6.9
A

S1 ( S1 S2 ) S 2 ( S 2 S3 ) S3 ( S1 S3 )

S1 ( S1 S3 ) S 2 ( S1 S 2 ) S3 ( S 2 S3 )

120

LA

LB

LC

S1

S2

S3

6.25

121

LA

LB

LC

S1

S2

S3

6.26

122

 6.27

6.28

123

6.2.2

Gi ( s ) 44.484 s 117.375
t s 0.01 1 IP k Ii 3596.8
k pi 14.08 t r 0.4

0.975 k Iv 0.862
k Pv 0.0505 100rpm 1000rpm

2000rpm 6.296.30
6.31

Speed(rpm)

150
100
50

Current command(amp)

0
0

0.4

0.8
1.2
Time(sec)

1.6

0.4

0.8
1.2
Time(sec)

1.6

1.5
1
0.5
0
0

6.29 100 rpm

124

Speed(rpm)

1000
500

Current command(amp)

0
0

0.4

0.8
1.2
Time(sec)

1.6

0.4

0.8
1.2
Time(sec)

1.6

6
4
2
0
0

6.30 1000 rpm

1500
1000
500
0
0
Current command(amp)

Speed(rpm)

2000

0.4

0.8
1.2
Time(sec)

1.6

0.4

0.8
1.2
Time(sec)

1.6

10
8
6
4
2
0
0

6.31 2000 rpm

125

6.2.3

1000 rpm
6.32
1200
800
600
400
200
0
2
current command (amp)

speed(rpm)

1000

5
6
time (sec)

time(sec)

6
4
2
0
2

6.32

126


7.1
SEPIC

(1) SEPIC

IEC 61000-3-2
(2)

(3) IC UC 3854
SEPIC
90 ~ 260 Vac 170 V
400 W SEPIC AC-DC
SEPIC IEC 61000-3-2
89.8 %
dsPIC30F4011

(1)

127


(2)

IP
(3)
10

100 rpm ~ 2000 rpm

0.5

128

7.2

(1)
(switching loss)

(2)

(3) (EMI)

(4)
dsPIC30F4011

(5)
IP

H ...

129


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106-119 2001
[45] dsPIC 2007
[46]
2001
[47]
2000
[48] SEPIC
2008
134

[49]
2009
[50]
2010
[51] SEPIC
2007
[52] SEPIC
2008
[53]
2003
[54] FPGA
2004
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2005
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2007
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2009

135