9/11 Truth movement

Supporters of the 9/11 Truth movement at an anti-war demonstration in Los Angeles, October 2007
Truth movement sticker

Adherents of the 9/11 Truth movement dispute the results of ocial investigations of the September 11 attacks
of 2001, that al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four airliners
and intentionally crashed two planes into the World Trade
Center buildings and one into the Pentagon, with another unintentionally crashing in a eld near Shanksville,
Pennsylvania. The truthers, as they are, sometimes
pejoratively,[1][2] called, primarily focus on what they
claim are signicant inconsistencies in that explanation,
suggesting at the least a cover-up and, at most, complicity
by insiders.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

truth activists,[26] or 9/11 Truthers,[27] while generally rejecting the term conspiracy theorists.[19][26]

1.2 Adherents

Adherents of the 9/11 Truth movement come from diverse social backgrounds.[3][24][26] The movement draws
adherents from people of diverse political beliefs includThey analyze evidence from the attacks, discuss dierent ing liberals, conservatives, and libertarians.[5][21][26]
theories about how the attacks happened and call for a
new investigation into the attacks.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Lev Grossman of Time magazine has stated that supSome of the organizations assert that there is evidence port for the 9/11 Truth movement is not a fringe phe[23]
that individuals within the United States government may nomenon, but a mainstream political reality. However,
others,
such
as
Ben
Smith
of
Politico
and the
have been either responsible for or knowingly complicit
Minneapolis
Star
Tribune
have
stated
that
the
movement
in the September 11 attacks. Motives suggested by the
[28][29]
The Washingmovement include the use of the attacks as a pretext to has been relegated to the fringe.
ton
Post
editorial
sta
went
further
describing
the movestart wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and to create opportu[30]
[4][18]
ment
as
lunatic
fringe.
Mark
Fenster,
a
University
nities to curtail civil liberties.
of Florida law professor and author of the book Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture,[31]
says that the amount of organisation of the movement is
1 Characteristics
signicantly stronger than the organization of the movement related to doubts about the ocial account of the
assassination of former United States President John F.
1.1 Name
Kennedy,[5] though this is likely the result of new media
9/11 Truth movement is the collective name of loosely technologies, such as online social networks, blogs, etc.
aliated[18][19] organizations and individuals that ques- The 9/11 Truth movement is active in the United States
tion whether the United States government, agencies as well as in other countries.[17]
of the United States or individuals within such agenBuchanan ran for president on a 9/11 Truth
cies were either responsible for or purposefully com- In 2004, John
[32][33]
platform.
Je Boss ran in the 2012 US presidential
[5][6][7][8][9][20][21][22]
plicit in the September 11 attacks.
election
on
a
9/11
Truth platform.[34]
The term is also being used by the adherents of the
movement,[23][24] who call themselves 9/11 skeptics,[25] A 2010 study by Scott Summers examined the politi1

cal aliations of Facebook users involved with one 9/11

Truth group known as We Are Change and found that
most members of this particular group are males in their
late 20s. He also found most WAC members were involved in right-wing politics, which Summers suggests is
an indication that left-wing adherence to 9/11 conspiracy theories has declined due to the election of Barack
Obama.[35]
In a 2011 article in Skeptical Inquirer, Bartlett and Miller
do an overview and analyze the members of the 9/11
Truth movement community. The authors nd that people involved in this movement, which seemingly is a disparate group with very diversied backgrounds, could be
classied into three groups. They join the movement for
dierent reasons, loosely self-assemble to ll dierent
roles and are united by their shared mistrust in experts
and the establishment (government and reputable sources
of knowledge), and conspiratorial stance. Through their
engagement, they each nd their own fulllment and satisfaction. Together, they contribute to the persistence, resilience and exaggerated claims of acceptance (in general
public) of the movement.[36]

1.3

Views

Main article: 9/11 conspiracy theories

HISTORY

1.4 Communication
The Internet plays a large role both in the communication between adherents and between local groups of the
9/11 Truth movement and in the dissemination of the
views of the movement to the public at large.[4][5][8][23][38]
Colorado Public Television has aired several lms produced by the movement such as 9/11 Explosive Evidence: Experts Speak Out, a documentary produced by
Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth, which once was
one of the most shared and most watched programs
on the national PBS site. The stations airing of such lms
has been controversial for the aliate and PBS.[41][42]

2 History
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, dierent interpretations of the events that questioned the account given by the U.S. government were published.
Among others, Michael Ruppert[43] and Canadian journalist Barrie Zwicker,[44] published criticisms or pointed
out purported anomalies of the accepted account of
the attacks. French author Jean-Charles Brisard[45] and
German authors Mathias Brckers[46] and Andreas von
Blow[47] published books critical of media reporting and
advancing the controlled demolition thesis of the destruction of the World Trade Center towers. In September
2002, the rst Bush Did It!" rallies and marches were
held in San Francisco and Oakland, California organized
by The All Peoples Coalition.[48]

Many adherents of the 9/11 Truth movement suspect that

United States government insiders played a part in the attacks, or may have known the attacks were imminent,
and did nothing to alert others or stop them.[25] Some
within the movement who argue that insiders within the
United States government were directly responsible for
the September 11 attacks often allege that the attacks
were planned and executed in order to provide the U.S.
with a pretext for going to war in the Middle East, and,
by extension, as a means of consolidating and extending
the power of the Bush Administration.[23][24]
According to these allegations, this would have given the
Bush administration the justication for more widespread
abuses of civil liberties and to invade Afghanistan and
Iraq to ensure future supplies of oil.[25] In some cases,
even in the mainstream media, hawks in the White House,
especially former Vice President Dick Cheney, and members of the Project for the New American Century, a neoconservative think tank, have been accused of involvement in or awareness of the alleged plot.[37][38][39]

A 9/11 Truth movement protest sign, October 2009

In October 2004, the organization 9/11 Truth released a

statement, signed by nearly 200 people, including many
relatives of people who perished on September 11, 2001,
that calls for an investigation into the attacks. It also asserted that unanswered questions would suggest that people within the administration of President George W.
Many adherents of the 9/11 Truth movement allege that Bush may have deliberately allowed the attacks to hapthe buildings of the World Trade Center were destroyed pen. Actor Edward Asner, former presidential candiby controlled demolition, a theory of major importance date Ralph Nader, former congresswoman Cynthia McKfor the 9/11 Truth movement.[3][21][40]
inney, former assistant secretary of housing Catherine

2.2

NIST Report reaction

Austin Fitts, author Richard Heinberg, Enver Masud,

founder of The Wisdom Fund, professors Richard Falk of
the University of California, Mark Crispin Miller of New
York University, Douglas Sturm of Bucknell University,
Burns H. Weston of the University of Iowa College of
Law and others signed the statement. In 2009, Van Jones,
a former advisor to President Obama, said he hadn't fully
reviewed the statement before he signed and that the petition did not reect his views now or ever.[49][50][51]

3
satisfactorily, which they believe had been addressed but
not answered satisfactorily, and which they believe had
been generally ignored in or omitted from the Report.[62]
In addition, the 339-page book, The 9/11 Commission
Report: Omissions and Distortions, by David Ray Grifn, claimed the report had either omitted information
or distorted the truth, providing 115 examples of his
allegations.[63][64][65] He has characterized the 9/11 Commission Report as a 571-page lie.[66]

In 2006, Steven E. Jones, who became a leading academic voice of the demolition theory,[4] published the
paper Why Indeed Did the WTC Buildings Completely Collapse?".[52] He was placed on paid leave by
Brigham Young University following what they described
as Joness increasingly speculative and accusatory statements in September 2006, pending a review of his statements and research. Six weeks later, Jones retired from
the university.[53]

On May 26, 2008 adjunct religious studies professor Blair

Gadsby began a protest and a hunger strike outside the ofces of Senator and Republican Party nominee for President John McCain's oce requesting McCain meet with
the principal scientists and leaders of the 9/11 Truth
movement, specically Richard Gage, Steven Jones, and
David Ray Grin. McCain had written the foreword to
the book Debunking 9/11 Myths: Why Conspiracy Theories Can't Stand Up to the Facts, published by the magaIn the same year, 61 legislators in the U.S. State of zine Popular Mechanics.[67]
Wisconsin signed a petition calling for the dismissal of Arizona Republican State Senator Karen Johnson joined
a University of Wisconsin lecturer Kevin Barrett, after the protest in support. On June 10, Johnson with Gadsby
he joined the group Scholars for 9/11 Truth. Citing
as her guest and other 9/11 Truth movement members in
academic freedom, the university provost declined to take the audience, spoke before the Arizona State Senate esaction against Barrett.[54][55][56]
pousing the controlled demolition theory and supporting
Several organizations of family members of people who a reopening of the 9/11 investigation.[16][67] In response to
have died in the attacks are calling for an independent in- a question, McCain said he did not meet Gadsby, adding:
vestigation into the attacks.[57] In 2009, a group of peo- Because I don't take well to threats. [68]
ple, including 9/11 Truth movement activist Lorie Van
Auken and others who have lost friends or relatives in
the attack, appealed to the City of New York to inves- 2.2 NIST Report reaction
tigate the disaster. The New York City Coalition for Accountability Now collected signatures to require the New
Following the initial government investigation, the
York City Council to place the creation of an investigatFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Re[58]
ing commission on the November 2009 election ballot.
port (May 2002) NIST Report, numerous responses were
The group collected more than enough signatures to put
written by members of the 9/11 Truth movement. Many
the proposal before the voters, but New York Supreme
of these responses claimed that it ignored key evidence
Court Justice Edward Lehner stated that the petition oversuggesting an explosive demolition, distorted reality
stepped what is allowable by city law, and ruled that, deby using deceptive language and diagrams, and attacked
spite wording in the petition to allow for elements ruled
straw man arguments, such as the 2005 article by Jim
invalid to be stricken, it would not be allowed to appear
Homan entitled Building a better mirage: NISTs 3-year
[59][60]
on the ballot.
$20,000,000 Cover Up of the Crime of the Century.[75]

2.1

9/11 Commission Report reaction

In late 2005, Steven E. Jones, then a professor at Brigham

Young University, announced a paper criticizing the
NIST Report and describing his hypothesis that the WTC
towers had been intentionally demolished by explosives.
This paper garnered some mainstream media attention,
including an appearance by Jones on MSNBC. This was
the rst such programming on a major cable news station. Jones was criticized by his university for making his
claims public before vetting them through the approved
peer review process. He was placed on paid leave and
has since retired.[53][76][77]

To the consternation of the families and adherents of the

9/11 Truth movement, many of the questions that the
9/11 Family Steering Committee put to the 9/11 Commission, chaired by former New Jersey Governor Thomas
Kean, were not asked in either the hearings nor in the
Commission Report.[61] Lorie Van Auken, one of the
Jersey Girls, estimates that only 30% of their questions
were answered in the nal 9/11 Commission Report, published July 22, 2004.
Accordingly, in April 2007, some 9/11 victims family
The 9/11 Family Steering Committee produced a website members and some members of the new Scholars for 9/11
summarizing the questions they had raised to the Com- Truth and Justice submitted an additional request for cormission, indicating which they believe had been answered rection to NIST, containing their own views on the de-

3 ORGANIZATIONS

Two people holding a banner of Architects & Engineers for 9/11

Truth

An iron-rich sphere, found in the dust of the World Trade Center, as documented by the United States Geological Survey and RJ
LeeGroup, Inc. RJ Lees report states the spheres are indicative of
molten iron.[69][70] Members of the 9/11 Truth movement claim
the spheres indicate the presence of temperatures much hotter
than oce res, or the presence of thermitic reactions.[71][72][73]
However, such spheres have been found to form when iron particles are aected by normal fuel res.[74]

vestigation into the destruction of the Twin Towers and

WTC 7.[12][83] The group is collecting signatures for a
petition to the United States Congress that demands a
truly independent investigation with subpoena power of
the September 11 attacks, which, according to the organization, should include an inquiry into the possible use
of explosives in the destruction of the World Trade Center buildings.[84][85] Richard Gage, a San Francisco Bay
area based architect,[86] founded Architects & Engineers
for 9/11 Truth in 2006.[4][87]

Investigations by the Federal Emergency Management

Agency and the National Institute for Standards and
Technology (NIST) have concluded that the buildings
collapsed as a result of the impacts of the planes and of
the res that resulted from them.[52][88] Gage criticized
the government agency NIST for not having investigated
the complete sequence of the collapse of the World Trade
2.3 Pamphlets at National September 11 Center towers[89] and claims the ocial explanation of
Museum
the total destruction of the World Trade Center skyscrapers has explicitly failed to address the massive evidence
Members of the movement distributed pamphlets that for explosive demolition.[90] To support its position, the
they say told the truth about the attacks at the National group Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth points to the
September 11 Memorial & Museum when the Museum free fall pace of the collapse of the buildings, the latopened in May 2014.[80][81]
eral ejection of steel, and to the mid-air pulverization
of concrete, among other things.[91]
fects in the report.[78] NIST responded to this request in
September 2007 supporting their original conclusions;[79]
the originators of the request wrote back to them in October 2007, asking them to reconsider their response.

Organizations
3.2 9/11 Truth

Since the publication of the ocial reports, a number of

interconnected 9/11 Truth movement organizations have 9/11 Truth was launched in June 2004 and has become a central portal for many 9/11 Truth movement
been formed.
organizations. It is run by Janice Matthews (Executive
Director),[92][93] David Kubiak (International Campaign
3.1 Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth Advisor)[94] and Mike Berger (Media Coordinator),[95]
among others, and its advisory board includes Steven E.
See also: Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth
Jones and Barrie Zwicker.[96]
Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth is an organization of architectural and engineering professionals[82]
who support the World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories and are calling for a new in-

The organization co-sponsored opinion polls conducted

by the U.S. market research and opinion polling rm
Zogby International that have shown substantial numbers
of people believing the government did not tell the full
truth about the September 11 attacks.

3.5

3.3

9/11 Citizens Watch

Scholars for 9/11 Truth

The original Scholars for 9/11 Truth was founded by

James H. Fetzer, a former philosophy professor, and
physicist Steven E. Jones, in December 2005. It was
a group of people of varying backgrounds and expertise who rejected the mainstream media and government
account of the September 11 attacks.[5][97] Initially the
group invited many ideas and hypotheses to be considered, however, leading members soon came to feel that
the inclusion of some theories advocated by Fetzer
such as the use of directed energy weapons or miniature nuclear bombs to destroy the Twin Towerswere
insuciently supported by evidence and were exposing
the group to ridicule. By December 2006, Jones and others set up a new scholars group, Scholars for 9/11 Truth
and Justice, whose focus is to use scientic analysis.[98]
The original members took a vote on which group to join
and the majority voted to move to the new group.[99]

3.4

3.5 9/11 Citizens Watch

Main article: 9/11 Citizens Watch
9/11 Citizens Watch was formed in 2002 by John Judge
and Kyle Hence and, along with the Family Steering
Committee, played an active role in calling for the establishment of the 9/11 Commission, and monitoring the
commission closely.[107]

Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice

Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice (STJ) formed in January 2007 and is a self-described group of scholars and
supporters endeavoring to address the unanswered questions of the September 11, 2001 attack through scientic
research and public education.[100] The group is composed of more than 900 members,[101] including Richard
Gage, Steven E. Jones, Jim Homan, David Ray Grifn, Peter Phillips, and former Congressman Daniel Hamburg. Most members support the conspiracy theory that
the World Trade Center Towers and the third skyscraper,
WTC 7, were destroyed through explosive demolition.
In 2008 and 2009, several members of the Scholars for
9/11 Truth & Justice published essays in science and engineering journals. In April 2008, a letter by some of its
members, was published in The Open Civil Engineering
Journal.[102] In July 2008, an article by Steven E. Jones
and others was published in The Environmentalist.[103]
In October 2008, a comment by STJ member James R.
Gourley describing what he considers fundamental errors
in a Baant and Verdure paper was included in an issue of
the Journal of Engineering Mechanics.[104] In April 2009,
Danish chemist and STJ member Niels H. Harrit, of the
University of Copenhagen, and eight other authors, including some STJ members, published a paper in The
Open Chemical Physics Journal, entitled Active Thermitic
Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe. The paper, which caused the editor and only peer-reviewer, Professor Pileni, to resign,
claiming it was published without her knowledge,[105]
concludes that chips consisting of unreacted and partially
reacted nano-thermite (super-thermite) appear to be
present in samples of the dust.[72] [106]

William Rodriguez at American Scholars Symposium: 9/11 and

the NeoCon Agenda in Los Angeles, California, June 2425,
2006

3.6 9/11 Commission Campaign

Founded in 2011 by Senator Mike Gravel, the 9/11
Commission Campaigns objective is to enact subpoenacapable, state-level commissions through state ballot initiatives, namely in Oregon, Alaska and California.[108]
These commissions are envisioned as citizen-driven, independent organizations that would form a semi-unied
grassroots national presence by exercising joint powers
authority.

3.7 Hispanic Victims Group

The Hispanic Victims Group is a group created after
the 9/11 attacks, founded by William Rodriguez,[109] an
adherent of the 9/11 Truth movement. The group was
one of the key forces behind the creation of the 9/11
Commission.[107] William Rodriguez, as founder of the
group, was a member of the Families Advisory Council for the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
(LMDC).[110]

3.8 Conferences
Members of the 9/11 truth organizations, such as
911truth.org and Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice, reg-

MEDIA

ularly hold meetings and conferences to discuss ongoing 6 Media

research about 9/11 and to strategize about how best to
achieve their goals. Many of these conferences are orga6.1 Books
nized by 911truth.org, and some have been covered by
[111]
the international media.
A prominent author of the 9/11 Truth movement literature is theologian David Ray Grin. His two books, The
New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions about the Bush
Administration and 9/11 (March 2004), which claimed to
4 Internal critiques
outline a methodical, deductive framework for researching 9/11, and The 9/11 Commission Report: Omissions
Within the movement, there are alternative theories about and Distortions (October 2004), became best-sellers.[119]
what may have happened.[5]
Grins Debunking 9/11 Debunking (May 2007) looks
at the way magazines such as Popular Mechanics have
sought to debunk the alternative 9/11 theories.[120] His
2008 book, The New Pearl Harbor Revisited: 9/11, the
5 Opponents
cover-up, and the expos, was written to update his original book, The New Pearl Harbor, reecting information
Matt Taibbi of Rolling Stone assessed that the movement and insights from ve major developments that have ocgives supporters of Bush an excuse to dismiss critics curred since his original publication,[121] while The Mysof this administration, and expressed concerns about terious Collapse of World Trade Center 7: Why the Final
the number of people who believe in 9/11 conspiracy Ocial Report About 9/11 Is Unscientic and False, pubtheories.[112]
lished in 2009, examines the credibility of the ocial inMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) engineer- vestigations into and hypotheses about the destruction of
on the nal ocial
ing professor Thomas W. Eagar was at rst unwilling to the third skyscraper, WTC 7, focusing
[122]
report
published
in
November
2008.
acknowledge the concerns of the movement, saying if
(the argument) gets too mainstream, I'll engage in the debate. In response to Steven E. Jones publication of a hypothesis that the World Trade Center was destroyed by
controlled demolition, Eagar said that adherents of the
9/11 Truth movement would use the reverse scientic
method to arrive at their conclusions, as they determine
what happened, throw out all the data that doesn't t their
conclusion, and then hail their ndings as the only possible conclusion.[113]

In September 2004, the interactive Complete 9/11

Timeline website by Paul Thompson, a collection of
mainstream media reports presented chronologically, was
made into the book, entitled The Terror Timeline.[123]

6.2 Films

Films made by people associated with the 9/11 Truth

Calling conspiracy theorists the truthers, Bill Moyers movement include:
has quoted journalist Robert Parry by stating that the
theorists "...threw out all the evidence of al-Qaedas in The Great Conspiracy: The 9/11 News Special You
volvement, from contemporaneous calls from hijack vicNever Saw (2004) by Barrie Zwicker
tims on the planes to confessions from al-Qaeda leaders
both in and out of captivity that they had indeed done it.
Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) by Michael Moore
Then, recycling some of the rights sophistry techniques,
such as using long lists of supposed evidence to overcome
Martial Law 9/11: Rise of the Police State (2005) by
the lack of any real evidence, the 'truthers cherry-picked
Alex Jones
a few supposed 'anomalies to build an 'inside-job' story
line.[114]
9/11: Press for Truth (2006)
Al Qaeda has sharply criticized Irans ex-president,
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, over his suggestions that the
911 Mysteries: Demolitions (2006)
U.S. government was behind the September 11 attacks,
dismissing his comments as ridiculous.[115]
9/11: Blueprint for Truth (2007) and updated 2008
'Skeptics, who oppose conspiracy as the a-priori explanation to events, and who nd most of the questions posed
by the Truthers to be either easily answered[116] or based
on misleading or false facts[117] have claimed that some of
the Truthers are knowingly disseminating false information, with no care for the grieving families, and accordingly called them disrespectful or even sickos.[118]

Edition by Richard Gage

Loose Change: An American Coup (2009) by Dylan
Avery
New World Order (2009) by Luke Meyer and
Andrew Neel

7
6.2.1

Details

These documentaries present a range of alternative theories about how the attacks might have been carried out:

[9] Kay, Jonathan (April 25, 2009). Richard Gage: 9/11

truther extraordinaire. Financial Post. Archived from
the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2010-08-04. The
'9/11 Truth Movement,' as it is now commonly called
[10] Ravensbergen, Jan (May 2, 2010). 9/11 skeptics to speak
at UQAM. Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on 2010-05-04. Retrieved 2010-05-03. two leading
voices of whats known as the 9/11 truth movement

9/11 Press for Truth (2006) documents the struggle

by the Jersey Widows to open a full investigation
of the events, and their frustration while monitoring
the 9/11 Commission as part of the Family Steering
[11]
Committee.
Alex Jones, 9/11 and New World Order conspiracy theorists are the subject of the documentary
lm New World Order, directed by Luke Meyer and
Andrew Neel, that debuted on the Independent Film
Channel on May 26, 2009. The documentary, while
not endorsing the movement, is described as giving the movement more sympathetic, or less critical, airing than they've yet had (except among the
converted)".[124][125]

See also

References

[1] Savan, Leslie (November 18, 2009). From Simple Noun

to Handy Partisan Put-Down. The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
[2] Cep, Casey N. (June 19, 2014). The Truth About
Truthers. Pacic Standard. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
[3] Feuer, Alan (June 5, 2006). 500 Conspiracy Bus Meet
to Seek the Truth of 9/11. New York Times. Archived
from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
the movement known as 9/11 Truth, a society of skeptics and scientists

Morales, Frank (June 11, 2009). 9/11 Truth comes

home; Pols back new investigation. Villager. Archived
from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-06-21.

[12] Olivier, Clint (May 26, 2009). Controversial Group Re

Examines 9/11 In Clovis. KMPH Fox News. Retrieved
2009-05-28.
[13] Lake, Eli (April 10, 2008). U.N. Ocial Calls for Study
Of Neocons Role in 9/11. New York Sun. Archived from
the original on 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
[14] Citizens Petition New York Attorney General to Open
9-11 Inquiry. Environment News Service. October 29,
2004. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
[15] Siegel, Jeerson (June 18, 2008). "'Pentagon Papers senator' calls for new 9/11 probe. Villager. Retrieved 200906-21.
[16] Sen. Karen Johnsons oor speech about 9/11. East Valley Tribune. June 9, 2008. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
[17] Sutton, Tori (February 18, 2010). Seeking the truth
about 9/11. Stratford Gazette. Archived from the original on 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
[18] Manjoo, Farhad (June 27, 2006). The 9/11 deniers. Salon. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
[19] Bunch, Sonny (September 24, 2007). The Truthers Are
Out There. Weekly Standard. Retrieved 2011-09-19.

[4] Rudin, Mike (July 4, 2008). The evolution of a conspiracy theory. BBC. Retrieved 2009-05-23.

[20] Kennedy, Gene (September 8, 2006). BYU Professor

on Paid Leave for 9-11 Theory. KSL TV. Jones is a
physics professor involved in whats called the 9-11 Truth
Movement."

[5] Barber, Peter (June 7, 2008). The truth is out there.

Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2009-0603. Retrieved 2009-05-23. an army of sceptics, collectively described as the 9/11 Truth movement

[21] Mol, Phil (2006). 9/11 Conspiracy Theories: The 9/11

Truth Movement Perspective. Skeptic 12 (4). Archived
from the original on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
a larger coalition known as the 9/11 Truth Movement""

[6] Powell, Michael (September 8, 2006). The Disbelievers. Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-05-30. The loose
agglomeration known as the '9/11 Truth Movement'"

[22] Sales, Nancy Jo (August 2006). Click Here for Conspiracy. Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 200905-30. Retrieved 2009-06-02. a nationwide collection
of doubters known as the 9/11 Truth movement

[7] Barry, Ellen (September 10, 2006). 9/11 Conspiracy

Theorists Gather in N.Y.. Los Angeles Times. Archived
from the original on 2009-06-17. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
"... a group known as the 9/11 Truth Movement
[8] Hunt, H.E. (November 19, 2008). The 30 greatest conspiracy theories - part 1. Daily Telegraph (London, UK).
Retrieved 2009-05-30. A large group of people - collectively called the 9/11 Truth Movement

[23] Grossman, Lev (September 3, 2006). Why the 9/11

Conspiracy Theories Won't Go Away. Time.
[24] Harvey, Adam (September 3, 2006). 9/11 myths
busted. Courier Mail (The Sunday Mail (Qld)).
[25] Conspiracy theories: The Speculation. CBC. October
29, 2003. Retrieved 2009-06-02.

[26] Curiel, Jonathan (September 3, 2006). The Conspiracy

to Rewrite 9/11. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved
2009-06-02.
[27] Gravois, John (June 23, 2006). Professors of Paranoia?".
The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2011-0919.
[28] Star Tribune: Newspaper of the Twin Cities (Minneapolis,
MN) - September 6, 2006 Author: Bob von Sternberg ;
Sta Writer Edition: METRO Section: NEWS Page: 1A.
[29] Culture Of Conspiracy: The Birthers.
March 1, 2009.

CBS News.

[30] A leading Japanese politician espouses a 9/11 fantasy.

Washington Post. March 8, 2010.

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[41] Getler, Michael (September 17, 2012). The Disaster

That Keeps on Giving. PBS. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
[42] Ostrow, Joanne (August 21, 2009). KBDI pushes limits
on controversial pledge tie-ins. Denver Post. Retrieved
December 3, 2012.
[43] Brzezinski, Zbigniew (October 1, 2004). Crossing the Rubicon: The Decline of the American Empire at the End of
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11

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External links
9/11 Truth
911 Truth News
911 Research
9/11 Review
Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth
The Journal of 9/11 Studies
Scholars for 9/11 Truth And Justice
Artists for 9-11 Truth
Mounting Evidence book and bibliography
Patriots Question 9/11

9.1

Media coverage

Swan, Robynn; Summers, Anthony (July 2006).

The Kingdom and the Towers. Vanity Fair.
Swan, Robynn; Summers, Anthony (August 2011).
The Kingdom and the Towers. Vanity Fair.
Senior, Jennifer (September 15, 2002). The
Memorial Warriors. New York Magazine. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
Sales, Nancy Jo (August 2006). Click Here for
Conspiracy. Vanity Fair.
Curiel, Jonathan (September 3, 2006). The Conspiracy To Rewrite 9/11. San Francisco Chronicle.
Asquith, Christina (September 5, 2006). Who really blew up the twin towers?". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2010-04-23.

Narain, Jaya (September 6, 2006). Fury as academics claim 9/11 was inside job"". Daily Mail
(London).
The Truth Is Out There - Part I. Financial Times
Magazine. June 7, 2008.
The Truth Is Out There - Part II. Financial Times
Magazine. June 7, 2008.
The Truth Is Out There - Part III. Financial Times
Magazine. June 7, 2008.
Truth and Conspiracy in the Catskills. New York
Times. August 23, 2010.

10 Book
Summers, Anthony (2011). The Eleventh Day: The
Full Story Of 9/11 And Osama Bin Laden. Random
House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6659-9.
Kay, Jonathan (2011). Among the Truthers: A Journey Through Americas Growing Conspiracist Underground. Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-200481-9.

12

11

11
11.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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DASHBotAV, Descend Terror, Mjbmrbot, ClueBot NG, Truthseekerj, MelbourneStar, AlamedaReader, Delusion23, CopperSquare, InfamousQ, Feppish, Helpful Pixie Bot, Chlever, BG19bot, ArtifexMayhem, Iselilja, Hihosilvermusic, Hallows AG, CTF83! Alt, Daren
tzgerald, Mark Arsten, Truth - Justice - Peace, PleaseConsiderthefacts, Mr.Johnson1982, Harizotoh9, Ginger Maine Coon, Achowat,
Flokijuhymnbv, BattyBot, Flatulotech, Pratyya Ghosh, Ddcm8991, ChrisGualtieri, YFdyh-bot, Hurwego, Toa Nidhiki05 (iPod), Indiasummer95, Mogism, Inayity, Worldwide2, Chrrev, Graphium, Nicolas Pol, Overbanked, CsDix, Theamazo, Rybec, Tango303, This thing
is so dogy, Pa2013, Stevie911-Krautwurst, Realtruth200169, Beijingyank, Bit ohms, Kakemacc, Balaenoptera musculus, 2kewl4ubrostfu,
Libertarian12111971, Braykerr and Anonymous: 637

11.2

Images

File:9-11_Truth_1.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/9-11_Truth_1.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0 Contributors: world-trade-banner Original artist: Damon D'Amato from North Hollywood, Calfornia
File:911InsideJobSticker.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/911InsideJobSticker.jpg License: CC-BY2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/14638975@N04/1498204910/ Original artist: 911conspiracy

11.3

Content license

13

File:911TruthProtestSign.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/911TruthProtestSign.jpg License: CCBY-2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/22939124@N08/4015993544/ Original artist: Bob With
File:Architects_&_Engineers_for_9-11_Truth_Banner.jpg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/
Architects_%26_Engineers_for_9-11_Truth_Banner.jpg License: CC-BY-2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lizdrake/
3026345887 Original artist: Flickr user liz drake <http://www.flickr.com/people/lizdrake/>.
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: ?
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors:
http://www.nps.gov/remembrance/statue/index.html Original artist: National Park Service
File:People_icon.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/People_icon.svg License: ? Contributors: OpenClipart Original artist: OpenClipart
File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist:
?
File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CCBY-SA-2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Prol by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Prol
File:William-rodriguez-american-scholars-symposium.jpg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/37/
William-rodriguez-american-scholars-symposium.jpg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:World_Trade_Center_9-11_Iron-rich_sphere.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/World_Trade_
Center_9-11_Iron-rich_sphere.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1165/graphics/IRON-04-IMAGE.
jpg Original artist: United States Geological Survey, Particle Atlas of World Trade Center Dust
File:Y24-Wtc-september-5.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Y24-Wtc-september-5.jpg License: CCBY-2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jul/104836555/in/set-72057594070873683/ Original artist: Julien Menichini

11.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0