What is wing box

The thin-walled single cell beam as shown in figure 1 has been idealized into a combination
of direct stress carrying booms and walls carrying only shear stress. The section supports a
vertical shear load of 10 kN acting in the vertical plane through booms 3 and 6. Calculate the
distribution of shear flow around the section. Boom areas: B1 = B8 = 200 mm2 , B2 = B7 =
250 mm2 , B3=B6=400 mm2 , B4 = B5=100 mm.
Derive the expression for shear flow in an open section beam
What are ribs and bulkheads
What are general rules of spar design
The thin-walled single cell beam shown in Figure has been idealized into a combination of
direct stress carrying booms and shear stress only carrying walls. If the section supports a
vertical shear load of 10 kN acting in a vertical plane through booms 3 and 6, calculate the
distribution of shear flow around the section.

What are stiffners and stingers

Draw and explain different types of wing leading and trailing edges used to increase the
maximum lift at low speed flight and also explain the advantages and disadvantages of
different drive systems used in aircraft wings.

What is meant by safety of margin

A round steel tube with 25 mm outer diameter (OD) 1.65mm thick resists a design torsional
moment of 0.56kN-m. Find the margin of safety if the ultimate tensile stress tu = 690
N/mm2 .
Explain about structural optimisation of wing box.

Discuss procedure involved in the location of spar, aileron and flaps.

Explain structural layout and design consideration of tail unit.

The skin of the upper side of an airplane wing is made of 2024-T6 Al clad. The
stringer spacing is 125 mm, and the rib spacing is 500 mm. Assuming the edges
to be simply supported, find the compression buckling stress for skin gages of: i)
0.5, ii) 0.8, iii) 1and iv) 1.60mm.

Explain the structural components wing box, leading edge and trailing edge of a wing.
What are the advantages of single double and triple slotted flaps?
The spar of an aircraft is to be designed as an incomplete diagonal tension beam,
the flanges being parallel. The stiffener spacing will be 250 mm, the effective
depth of web will be 750 mm, and the depth between webto-flange attachments
is 725 mm.

What are the different control surfaces used in aircraft?

The cantilever beam shown in fig. is uniformly tapered along its length in both x and y
directions and carries a load of 100 kN at its free end. Calculate the forces in the booms and
shear flow distribution in the walls at a section 2 m from the built-in end if the booms resist
all the direct stresses while the walls are effective only in shear. Each corner boom has a
cross-sectional area of 900 mm2 while both central booms have cross-sectional areas of 1200
mm2 .

What are the general requirements of fuselage design

A fuselage has circular cross section as shown in figure below the cross sectional area of each
stringer is 100mm2 and the fuselage is subjected to bending moment of 200 KNm applied in
the vertical plane of symmetry, at this section. Calculate the direct stress distribution.

What is stiffened cylindrical structure

The load on a landing gear bolt consists of an axial pull of 8kN together with a transverse
shear force of 4kN. Estimate the diameter of the bolt required according to (i) maximum
shear stress theory (ii) shear energy theory and (iii) shear strain energy theory. Assume elastic
limit in tension as 240N/mm2, poissons ratio = 0.3 and a factor of safety of 3.
What are the different principal structural components
The fuselage is subjected to a vertical shear load of 100 kN applied at a distance of 150mm
from the vertical axis of symmetry as shown, for the idealized section, in Figure. Calculate
the distribution of shear flow in the section.

Differentiate between forward and aft fuselage.

The doubly symmetrical fuselage section shown in Figure has been idealized into an
arrangement of direct stress carrying booms and shear stress carrying skin panels; the boom
areas are all 150mm2. Calculate the the shear flows in the panels when the section is
subjected to a shear load of 50 kN and a bending moment of 100 kN m.

Explain briefly about fuselage load act on the aircraft.

Explain briefly about wing and fuselage intersion layout with neat sketch
The fuselage section shown in Figure is subjected to a bending moment of 100 kNm applied
in the vertical plane of symmetry. If the section has been completely idealized into a
combination of direct stress carrying booms and shear stress only carrying panels, determine
the direct stress in each boom.

Derive Compressive buckling stress (Fcr) and buckling coefficient (Kc) for Monocoque
circular cylinder under axial compression
The fuselage bulkhead is shown in Fig. Only one-half of the shell is considered, as shown in
Figure below. The value of P is resisted on this half of the structure is 2225 N, and the
moment of inertia is found for only one-half of the structure. Of course, the value of P/I will
be the same if both values are obtained for the entire structure, since both will be doubled.
Find the reactions of the skin on the bulkhead. Take 1lb = 4.4482 N, 1lb/in = 0.175 N/mm.

An aircraft of length 10 m having a total weight of 45 kN lands on the deck of an aircraft

carrier and is brought to rest by means of a cable engaged by an arrester hook, as shown in
Fig. If the deceleration induced by the cable is 3g, determine the tension, T, in the cable, the
load on an undercarriage strut and the shear and axial loads in the fuselage at the section AA
located 6 m from the nose of the aircraft. The weight of the aircraft aft of AA is 4.5 kN.
Calculate also the length of deck covered by the aircraft before it is brought to rest if the
touchdown speed is 25 m/s.

How the fuselage section are be idealized.

The doubly symmetrical fuselage section shown in Figure has been idealized into an
arrangement of direct stress carrying booms and shear stress carrying skin panels; the boom
areas are all 150mm2. Calculate the direct stresses in the booms when the section is
subjected to a shear load of 50 kN and a bending moment of 100 kN m.

Explain the major structural components involved in the construction of fuselage.

Derive the expression for shear flow of a closed section.
Explain the forces resisted by the fuselage frame.

Find the forces ( B V, A V , B D , A D ) in each member of main landing gear shown in Figure.
Assume additional data if necessary.

What are the general arrangement of landing gear

What are braking systems of landing gear.
Explain design landing gear structures with neat sketches.
Explain current Landing Gear Design of (a) Boeing B747 (b) Lockheed C-5
What is meant of payment loading
Explain current Landing Gear Design of (a) C-141 (b) Fighter Airplane.
What is meant by stowage
Tricycle type of landing gear shown in figure. Find the forces Hd, Fd, of brace struts.
Assume the data if necessary.

What is meant by retraction?

Tricycle type of landing gear shown in figure. Find the forces Gv, Fv, Hv of brace struts.
Assume the data if necessary.

What is wing pod?

Explain the terms Ground Handling and take-off in order to understand the varied design
considerations of landing gear.
What is nose pod?
Determine the axial loads in the members of the landing gear structure shown in figure. The
members are pinned to supports at A, B and C

Name the major components of landing gear system.

Explain the construction of Oleo strut with neat sketches.
Explain the altitudes of the airplane that are specified by government aviation agencies for
design of landing gear with neat sketches.
What is castastrophic effect of fatigue failure.
Explain its significance in Fatigue failure.
A steel ship deck plate is 30mm thick, as shown in figure 4 loaded with a normal tensile
stress of 50MPa. It is operated below its ductile to brittle transition temperature with KIC
equal to 28.3MPa m . If a 65 mm long central hole transverse crack is present, estimate
tensile stress at which catastrophic failure will occur. Compare this stress with the yield
strength of 240 MPa for the steel.

What is mean by S-N Curve

A material has a fatigue limit of 230N/mm2 and an ultimate tensile strength of 870N/mm2.
If the safe range of stress is determined by the Goodman prediction calculate its value.
Describe the concept of fatigue crack propagation.
A more accurate estimate for the safe range of stress for the material of has a fatigue limit of
230N/mm2 and an ultimate tensile strength of 870N/mm2 is given by the non-linear form of
the Goodman prediction in which m = 2. Calculate its value.
Define fail safe and safe life
A plate of width 1.4 mm and length 2.8m is required to support tensile force in the 2.8m
direction 5.0MN. Inspection procedure will only detect through thicken edge cracks larger
than 2.7mm. The two Ti-6Al- 4 V alloys in table are being considered for this application, for

which the safety factor must be 1.3 and minimum weight is important. Which alloy should be
used?
.

Explain why residual stress are important in failure analysis.

What is scatter factor.
Explain the theories of failure in structural design
What is damage tolerance.
Explain the theories of failure in structural design.
Write a short note on a)design durability b) extension of life.
Different types of crack propagation. With sketch
What are the design strategies for improving system reliability? Explain in general and in the
context of structures.
Explain briefly about the damage tolerence.
What is fatigue and fatigue limit.