List of Subordinating Conjunctions

German
alsals ob
bevor/ ehe
bis
da
damit
dass
ehe
falls
indem
nachdem
ob
obgleich
obschon
obwohl
seit/seitdem
sobald
so dass
solang(e)
sooft
trotzdem
whrend
weil
wenn

English
as, whenas if
before
until
as, since (because)
so that, in order that
that
before
in case
while
after
whether, if
although
although
although
since
as soon as
so that
as/so long as
as often as
despite the fact that
while, whereas
because
if, when, whenever

List of Prpositionen
The Four German Cases
The Dative Case with Prepositions
Dative Prepositions + Dual Prepositions (Acc/Dat)
Summary | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive
Werfall | Wenfall | Wemfall | Wesfall
Nominativ | Akkusativ | Dativ | Genitiv
Also see: The Dative Case (Part 1)
Prpositionen mit Dativ
Certain German prepositions are governed by the dative case. That is, they take an object in the
dative case. Many dative prepositions tend to be very common vocabulary in German: nach (after,
to), von (by, of) and mit (with).
In English, prepositions take the objective case (object of the preposition) and all prepositions take
the same case. In German, prepositions come in several "flavors," only one of which is dative.
There are two kinds of dative prepositions: (1) those that are always dative and never anything
else, and (2) certain "two-way" or "dual" prepositions that can be either dative or accusative
depending on how they are used. See the chart below for a complete list of each type.
In the German-English examples below, the dative preposition is red. The object of the preposition
is blue:
Mit der Bahn fahren wir.
We're going by train.
Meiner Meinung nach ist es zu teuer.
In my opinion it's too expensive.
Das Hotel ist dem Bahnhof gegenber.
The hotel is across from the train station.
Er arbeitet bei einer groen Firma.
He works at a big company.
Wir verbringen eine Woche am See.
We're spending a week at the lake.
Notice in the second and third examples above that the object comes before the preposition.
(Withgegenber this is optional.) Some German prepositions use this reverse word order, but the
object must still be in the correct case.
Here is a list of the dative-only prepositions. You should memorize them with their meanings.

Dative Prepositions
Deutsch

Englisch

aus

from, out of

auer

except for, besides

bei

at, near

gegenber

across from, opposite

Gegenber can go before or after its object.

mit

with, by

nach

after, to

seit

since (time), for

von

by, from

zu

at, to

NOTE: The genitive prepositions statt (instead of), trotz (in spite of), whrend (during)
andwegen (because of) are often used with the dative in spoken German, particularly in certain
regions. If you want to "blend in" and not sound too stuffy, you can use them in the dative also.
Two-Way Prepositions
Dative/Accusative
NOTE: The meaning of a two-way preposition also depends on whether it is in the accusative or
dative. See below for the grammar rules.
Deutsch

Englisch

an

at, on, to

auf

at, to, on, upon

hinter

behind

in

in, into

neben

beside, near, next to

ber

about, above, across, over

unter

under, among

vor

in front of, before;

ago (time)

zwischen

between

The basic rule for determining whether a two-way preposition should have an object in the
accusative or dative case is motion (wohin?, where to?) versus location (wo?, where?, at rest). If
there is motion towards something or a specific location, then usually that is accusative. If there is
no motion at all or random motion going nowhere in particular, then that is usually dative.
Remember, this applies only to the two-way prepositions! Here are two sets of examples:
Wir gehen ins Kino. (in das, accus.)
We're going to the movies/cinema. (motion towards)
Wir sind im Kino. (in dem, dat.)
We're at the movies/cinema. (location)
Legen Sie das Buch auf den Tisch. (accusative)
Put/Lay the book on the table. (motion towards)
Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. (dative)
The book's lying on the table. (location)
A single German two-way preposition such as in or auf may have more than one English
translation, as you can see above. In addition, you'll find many of these prepositions have yet

another meaning in common everyday idioms and expressions: auf dem Lande (in the
country),um drei Uhr (at three o'clock), unter uns (among us), am Mittwoch (on
Wednesday), vor einer Woche (a week ago), etc. Such expressions can be learned as vocabulary
without worrying about the grammar involved.

List of German Artikels

German articles are used similarly to the English articles, a and the. However,
they are declined differently according to the number, gender, and case of their
nouns.

Declension
The inflected forms depend on the number, the case and the gender of the
corresponding noun. Articles have the same plural forms for all three genders.
Indefinite article

Declension of the indefinite article (ein) and negative article (kein). Keep in mind
that ein has no plural forms.
This article, ein-, is used equivalently to the word a in English, though it literally
means one. Like its English equivalent (though unlike Spanish), it has no direct
form for a plural; in this situation a range of alternatives such as einige (some;
several) or manche (some) would be used.
Indefinite article endings (mixed)
Masculine

Neuter

Feminine

Plural

Nominative

ein

ein

eine

-eine

Accusative

einen

ein

eine

-eine

Dative

einem

einem

einer

-einen

Genitive

eines

eines

einer

-einer

The same endings are used for the negative indefinite article (kein-), and the
possessive determiners, mein- (my), dein- (your, used to a
friend), sein- (his), ihr- (her and their), unser- (our), euer/eur- (your, if addressing
a group), Ihr- (your if addressing an authority figure, always capitalised).
Definite article

Declension of the definite article

This table gives endings for the definite article, equivalent to English the.
Definite article (strong)
Masculine

Neuter

Feminine

Plural

Nominative

der

das

die

die

Accusative

den

das

die

die

Dative

dem

dem

der

den

Genitive

des

des

der

der

The demonstrative pronouns (dies-, jen-) (this, that; strong) and the relative
pronoun (welch-, jed-) (which, every; strong) take identical endings, which are
preceded by -e- if it is not already present.
Definite article endings (strong)
Masculine

Neuter

Feminine

Plural

Nominative

-er

-es

-e

-e

Accusative

-en

-es

-e

-e

Dative

-em

-em

-er

-en

Genitive

-es

-es

-er

-er

Note that this is essentially the same as the indefinite article table, but
with the masculine nominative -er and the neuter nominative and
accusative -es.

Possessive "article-like" pronouns

Under some circumstances (e.g. in a relative clause) the regular possessive
pronouns are replaced by the genitive forms of the pronouns derived from the
definite article. English equivalents could be, "The king, whose army Napoleon
had defeated..." or "The Himalayas, the highest parts of which were as yet
unsurveyed...". They agree in number and gender with the possessor. Unlike
other pronouns they carry no strength. Any adjective following them in the
phrase will carry the strong endings.

There are possessive pronouns derived from the definite article and derived from
the interrogative article. They have the same forms for all cases of the possessed
word, but they are only rarely used in the genitive case.
Definite possessive [of the] (mixed)

Masculine: dessen

Neuter: dessen

Feminine: deren

Plural: deren

Interrogative possessive [of what] (mixed)

Masculine: wessen

Neuter: wessen

Feminine: wessen

Plural: wessen

NOT: Die Soldaten dessen Armee (Correct: Die Soldaten dieser Armee)
Up until the 18th century, a genitive noun was often used instead of a possessive
pronoun. This is occasionally found in very literary modern German, and
sometimes hence used for a facetious effect.
OLD: "Des Knigs Krone" (The king's crown)
(MODERN: "Die Krone des Knigs" - BUT: "Die Knigskrone" (compound noun))
These pronouns are used if using the ordinary possessive pronoun is understood
reflexively, or there are several possessors.

Genitive and dative cases

German articles in the genitive and dative cases directly indicate the actions of
owning and giving without needing additional words (indeed, this is their
function), which can make German sentences appear confusing to English
learners. The gender matches the receiver's gender (not the object's gender) for
the dative case, and the owner's gender for the genitive.

Ich gebe die Karten dem Mann - I give the cards to the man.

Die Entwicklung unseres Dorfes - The growth of our village.

List of German Interjektions

'trlich

auf Wiedersehen

auf Wiedertreffen

autsch

auweia

aber hallo
ach

ach so

Achtung

baba

ah

Beeilung

bis bald

aha

bis dann

also

bis spter

au weia

bitte

aua

bitte schoen

auch so

bitte schn

auf

brr

auf Ihre Gesundheit

buh

auf Wiederhren

auf Wiederschauen

danke

danke schn

hallo

dankeschn

hallchen

Donnerwetter

Hals- und Beinbruch

halt

hatschi

hau ruck

heisa

hin oder her

hipp, hipp, hurra

Hosianna

hu

ha

huch

huhu

hui

hurra

Hnde hoch

ebenso
Entschuldigung

ficken

gemach

genug

Gesundheit

Gott im Himmel

Gott in Himmel

grrr

gr Gott

gut

guten Abend

guten Appetit

guten Morgen

ia

guten Tag

igitt

ja

halleluja

jawohl

jo

Jung

na klar

na und

naja

nanu

ne

nee

kein Kommentar
keine Ursache
kikeriki
kuckuck

lass es dir schmecken

nein

lassen Sie es sich schmecken

nein danke

lasst es euch schmecken

nicht

los

nichts da

nix

nix da

nu

null problemo

nun

mach's gut

mh

Mahlzeit

Manometer

mein Gott

merci

miau

moin

ohne Schei

muh

oje

okay

na

pfui

tschs

pockmas

tschss

prost

tsch

puh

uff

und

Pustekuchen

raus

verdammt

schachmatt

viel Glck

Schitte

von wegen

schwere Not

Vorsicht

Schwerenot

Wahrschau

wau

weh

weh mir

wehe

willkommen

wuff

servus
Sesam ffne dich
siehe da
siehste
Ses oder Saures

Tag

tatschlich

tja

tschau

tsch

Zugabe

zum Wohl

zurck