Design Proposal for the North Greenbush

Hotel Development Site

New York 43 & Best Road,
North Greenbush, NY 12144
Harpoon Engineering
Charles Ohrin
Paul Stewart
Patrick Lowe
Mathew White
Ian Marinaccio
Ben Levitz

Instructor
Jack M. Reilly, Ph.D.

Graduate Assistants
Transportation: Felipe Aros Vera
Structural: Xinwei Zhou
Geotechnical: Mehrad Kamalzare

May 9th, 2012

Table of Contents
Design Outline .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Final Design .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 1: The floor plan for the 1st floor ............................................................................................... 5
Figure 2: The floor plan for the 2nd, 3rd & 4th floors .............................................................................. 6
Figure 3: The Structural Plan ................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 3: View of Dining Room.............................................................................................................. 8
Figure 4: Alternate View of Dining Room ................................................................................................. 8
Figure 5: View of Conference Room ..................................................................................................... 9
Preliminary Structural Assessment ............................................................................................................... 9
Interior Live Loads ................................................................................................................................... 9
Snow Loads............................................................................................................................................. 10
Wind Loads ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load .............................................................................................................. 11
Rain Loads .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Seismic Loads ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Load Combinations ................................................................................................................................. 12
Summary of Loads .................................................................................................................................. 12
Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Axial Forces ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Moment & Shear Diagrams .................................................................................................................... 15
Deflections .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 3: Deflected Shape ................................................................................................................... 21
Material Takeoff ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Connections................................................................................................................................................. 21
Column Base Plate .................................................................................................................................. 23
Connection Details .................................................................................................................................. 25
Geotechnical Assessment............................................................................................................................ 27
Soil Profile .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Soil Bearing Capacity ............................................................................................................................. 27
Final Column Loadings........................................................................................................................... 27
Excavation and Compaction ................................................................................................................... 27

Settlement ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Final Foundation Plan ................................................................................................................................. 29
Special Conditions ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Construction and Cost ............................................................................................................................. 31
Soil Profile .................................................................................................................................................. 32
CPM Schedule & Network Diagram: ......................................................................................................... 34
Construction Cost Estimate......................................................................................................................... 35
Appendix A Loading Calculations ........................................................................................................ 39
Snow Loads Flat Roof & Drift............................................................................................................. 39
Rain Loads .............................................................................................................................................. 43
Wind Loads ............................................................................................................................................. 44
Seismic Loads ......................................................................................................................................... 47
RISA 3D Basic Load Combinations .................................................................................................... 59
Hand Calculations for Columns .............................................................................................................. 60
Appendix B Connection Calculations .................................................................................................... 71
Appendix C Settlement Calculations .................................................................................................... 82
Initial Settlement Calculations ................................................................................................................ 82
Final Settlement Calculations ................................................................................................................. 85
Appendix D Square Footing Calculations ............................................................................................ 86

Design Outline
The design for this project will adhere to both The Town of Bethlehem and The New
York State Building Codes for Mixed Economic Use. The City of Santa Ana, California has
very clean requirements with regards to the design of hotels, and these requirements will also
be used as a guide in order to provide the most practical hotel design possible. Since the
structural design is not heavily dependent on the exact interior details of this project, things
such as furniture and utility layouts will not be addressed in full detail. The major design
requirements to be focused on will include,
1. Setbacks:
A landscaped setback not less than twenty-feet shall be provided to the extent it abuts a
public or private street or freeway.
2. Building Landscaping:
A five foot minimum landscaped area shall be provided to separate ground floor units
from pedestrian walkways.
3. Drop-off Zones:
Have a covered drop-off zone for guests to load and unload luggage from cars.
4. Pedestrian Walkways:
Must be minimum of eight feet wide
5. Open Space:
1,000 square feet of common space shall be provided at a 50 square feet per guest unit
ratio up to a total of 7,500 square feet.
6. Amenities:
Outdoor and indoor amenities such as an outdoor/ indoor pool, exercise room, or business
center
7. Conference Rooms:
Minimum of 2,500 square feet of interior floor area at 20 square feet per guest room ratio
8. Lobby:
Minimum of 1,000 square feet of interior shall be devoted to the lobby with a minimum
ceiling height of twelve feet.
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9. Laundry Room:
Shall include one washer and one dryer for every twenty guests
10. Minimum Room Size:
Each guest room shall have a minimum of 220 square feet.

Final Design
After consideration of several different footprints, we chose a Y shaped floor plan (Figure
1), with three wings, and one central core. Because the Bethlehem code defines a hotel as a
building with no less than 41 dwelling units, our design has 48, 15 x 28 ft. rooms on floors 2, 3,
and 4. These 3 floors will also contain 1 laundry room each having 3 washers and 3 dryers. The
first floor will be reserved for amenities such as conference rooms, a gym, and a dining room.
The first floor will also host the main lobby, staff offices, the hotel laundry room, storage rooms,
and a kitchen to supply food for the dining room.

Figure 1: The floor plan for the 1st floor

Figure 2: The floor plan for the 2nd, 3rd & 4th floors

Figure 3: The Structural Plan

In order to keep mobility fluid and safe throughout the building, a staircase will be placed
in each wing, paired with a means of egress. The central core of the building will feature its own
staircase, as well as two elevators to provide handicapped access to the upper levels, with a
machinery service room on the first floor to accommodate elevator repair and maintenance.
In order to accommodate for HVAC, plumbing, and the depth of structural beams and
girders, we are allocating 13 feet between each level, thus leaving 3 feet of overhead space for
M.E.P. and structural systems in the rooms and corridors. However, because building code
requires 11 feet of clearance in the lobby, the ceiling will only be dropped by 1.5 feet, which still
provides adequate space for the structural elements, as well as the HVAC and plumbing.
With regards to HVAC, every guest room will be equipped with an individual AC unit
built integral with the wall. This solution keeps costs down, while providing climate control to
each individual room. However, all of the public rooms such as the lobby, hallways, gym, etc.
will receive ventilation from centralized HVAC units on the roof.
For the exterior of the building, we plan on using a brick veneer in order to provide a
visually appealing and durable finish, which is easy to maintain. Another alternative to the
exterior finish still incorporates the use of brick veneer, however, it would only be used for the
first floor, leaving the rest of the faade to be compromised of EIFS, which is cheaper and easier
to install.
Finally, the roof will be designed to accommodate the 2 HVAC units which provide
heating and cooling for the first floor and corridors and common areas for the 3 upper levels.
The roof has also been designed to allow future incorporation of a green roof to help address
sustainability issues.

Figure 3: View of Dining Room

Figure 4: Alternate View of Dining Room

Figure 5: View of Conference Room

Preliminary Structural Assessment

Interior Live Loads

Concerning the live loads experienced by the structure, the base floor will be considered

public rooms which entails of uniform live load of 100 psf which applies to the rooms
themselves and any corridors that serve them (ASCE Table 4-1)

The 100 psf live load will also be applied to the dining room and restaurant also located

on the base floor (ASCE Table 4-1).

Also located on the base floor will be a kitchen, which will have an estimated uniform

live load of 150 psf (ASCE Table C4-1).

For the hotel laundry room on the base floor, 3 Washers and 3 Dryers will be considered,

whose weights are approximately 8500 lbs each, this value is increased by 20 percent to obtain a
design value of 10,200 lbs as per ASCE 4.6-3.

For the second, third, and fourth floor, a uniform live load of 46 psf for the private guest

rooms (ASCE Table C4-2).

The corridors serving these floors will be 40 psf uniform live load (ASCE Table 4-1).

Rest rooms, which will be located throughout, will have a uniform live load of 60 psf

(ASCE Table C4-1).

Elevator machine room will be taken as a uniform load of 150 psf (ASCE Table C4-1).
Also, reduction in live loads will be applied where applicable, dependent upon the

location of the column and tributary area. The equation to apply live load reduction will be done
in accordance to ASCE 4.7-1:
L = Lo [ 0.25 + (15/ (square root (KLLAT))]
L = reduced live load per ft2
Lo= unreduced live load per ft2
KLL= live load element factor (ASCE Table 4-2)
AT = tributary area carried by column in ft2

Snow Loads
When considering the loads placed upon the roof, a flat snow load, pf, was established to be
27.72 psf. This value was derived from equation ASCE 7.3-1:
Pf= 0.7*Ce*Ct*I*Pg
Ce=Exposure Factor (ASCE Table 7-2)
Ct=Thermal Factor (ASCE Table 7-3)
I=Importance Factor (ASCE Table 1.5-2)
Pg=ground snow load (ASCE Fig 7-1).
The actual calculation and values for the aforementioned parameters can be found in the
Appendix sections under Snow Loads heading. It is also important to find drift loads for the
snow caused by the parapet walls and mechanical installations on the roof. For the parapet walls,
the greatest uniform loads calculated was 22.46 psf. The drift loads appears in a triangular
distribution, with 22.46 psf the height of the triangular distribution. This was done using ASCE
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Fig 7.9 for drift snow loads. All pertinent drawings and calculations can be found in the
Appendix section.

Wind Loads
As pertaining to the loads on the structure caused by wind, it is pertinent to understand how the
values for wind pressures were developed. First, the hotel was classified as a Risk Category:
III structure according to the table 1.5-1 found in ASCE/SEI 7 Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings and Other Structures. This conclusion was reached due to the threat for substantial
loss of human life in case of structural failure. The basic wind speed was established as being
120 mph as per Figure 26.5-1B in ASCE and the remaining wind load parameters were
determined using descriptions provided in chapter 26 ASCE (All wind parameters selected can
be found in Appendix Wind Load Consideration).

The windward wall is expected to experience a pressure of 12.7 psf.

The leeward wall has a pressure of 6.2 psf.

Side wall has a pressure of 10.5 psf.

Roof has a pressure of 24 psf.

Wind Load Consideration includes all pertinent calculations and drawings. The leeward, side
and roof surfaces are expected to experience suction from the resulting wind force so the values
are negative when seen in the calculation sheet.

Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load

As per ASCE 7 7.10 Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load, it was determined that this load may be
neglected due to the fact that the ground snow load, pg = 40 psf, was greater than 20 psf.

Rain Loads
In determining the rain load to be applied to the roof, the ASCE 7 provisions given in Chapter 8
and its accompanying commentary in Chapter C8 were used. It was determined that 2 primary 6
diameter roof drains, and 2 secondary 12 wide channel scupper roof drains set 2 above the roof
surface at the end of each of the three wings will provide adequate drainage for the structure.
Based on this drainage system and the 2.5 per hour 100 year return period rain fall the
maximum expected rain load (R) would be equal to 18.1 psf. See appendix for more detail
regarding this calculation.

11

Seismic Loads
In determining the seismic loading to be applied to this structure ASCE 7 Chapters 11 and 12
were used, as well as the USGS online DesignMaps site specific report generating application.
First the site specific data was entered in to this online application in order to obtain the initial
coefficients needed to generate the seismic loading condition to be applied for analysis. These
coefficients were generated using the current provisions given in the 2010 ASCE 7 Standard, and
are outline in further detail in the Summary Report and Detailed Reports which can both be
found in the Appendix of this document. Next the Effective Seismic Weight (W) of the building
was estimated using the provisions given in Section 12.7.2 of ASCE 7. Using this weight, the
coefficients generated in the USGS report, and other provisions given in Chapter 12 values for
the lateral forces to be applied the structure at each level and the shear force to be applied to the
columns of the building were generated. See Appendix - A for more detail regarding these
calculations and the USGS Site Specific Reports.

Load Combinations
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.5W)
4. 1.2D + 1.0W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S
6. 0.9D + 1.0W
7. 0.9D + 1.0E

Summary of Loads
Dead Loads:
Floor Slab = 41 psf
Brick Veneer = 40 psf
Column = 96 plf
Beam = 49 plf
Girder = 96 plf
Live Loads:
1st Floor Rooms & Corridors = 100 psf
Kitchen = 150 psf
Restrooms = 60 psf
Laundry Rooms = 150 psf
Offices = 50 psf & 2000 lb P.L.
Ceilings = 10 psf
2nd, 3rd, 4th Floor Corridors = 40 psf
Guest Rooms = 46 psf
Stairs & Exit Ways = 100 psf & 300 lb P.L.
Green Roof = 100psf
Snow Loads:
Flat Snow Load, pf = 27. 72 psf
Drift Loads, pd(max) = 22.46 psf
12

Wind Loads:
Windward Wall = 12.7 psf
Leeward Wall = 6.2 psf
Side Pressure = 10.5 psf
Roof Pressure = 24. 0 psf
Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load:
pg = 40 psf > 20 psf => N/A
Rain Loads:
Max. Rain Load, R = 18.1 psf
Seismic Loads:
F1 = 33.07 kip
F2 = 66.15 kip
F3 = 99.22 kip
F4 = 272.70 kip
Vx = 471.14 kip

Results
Axial Forces

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Moment & Shear Diagrams

15

16

17

18

19

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Deflections
Below is a graphical representation of the expected deflections in inches when all loads
were applied. The rendering depicts one of three wings found in the hotel.

Figure 3: Deflected Shape

Material Takeoff
Hot Rolled Steel Size
LL5X5X12X6
A36 Gr.36
W12X106
A992
W14X74
A992
W14X82
A992
W21X111
A992
W27X178
A992
Total HR Steel

Pieces
244
240
144
408
480
333
1849

Length (ft)
4491.2
3120
2623.5
8844
5172
3466.3
27716.9

Weight (k)
212.4
331.2
194.6
725.3
575.5
616.9
2655.9

Connections
Throughout the entire structure, there exists only as pin connections in order to reduce the
amount of material that would be necessary if the joints transferred moments. Having solely pin

21

connections, lateral bracing is then installed to add stiffness to the structure for any lateral loads
that are expected (wind, earthquake).
The pin connections are comprised of gusset plates connected to the beams and girders by
way of shear bolts. In consideration of bolted connections, there exists many modes of failure
one must account for in order to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. A possible
mode of failure is the shear tear out at the end of the connected element due to the excessive
bearing stress. This consideration results in the equation:
Rn=1.2*Lc*t*Fu<2.4*d*t*Fu
(ASCE J3-6A)
Rn=total strength
Lc=distance from edge of hole to edge of connected part
T=thickness of connected part
Fu=ultimate strength of material
T=thickness of plate
D=diameter of bolt
The lesser of the two resulting values from the above equations will be used in ensure proper
design. For the connections within the hotel, there will be 3 inches of space, center-to-center,
between holes, and 2 inches between center of hole and edge of plate. Also, the thickness of the
gusset plates selected for the design will be 3/8 and the diameter of bolts used will be . These
values will be held consistent for all connections.
Next, it is paramount to consider the shear strength of the fasteners themselves. In order
to account for this, the shear stress per bolt must be calculated using the following equation:
Rn=Fnv*Ab
(ASCE J3-1)
Rn=total strength
Fnv=Nominal Shear Strength of bolt
Ab=Area of bolt
The bolts selected for this design will be A325-N. A325 bolts are high strength bolts that can be
relatively easy to install by untrained personnel. Also, these bolts tend not to loosen when subject
to vibrating and/or fatigue loads. The N included in the title denotes that the threads of the bolt
are included in the shear plane (resulting in differing Fnv values with bolts where the threads are
22

excluded from the shear plane). The threads were included because of the conservative approach
it provides.
Also, it important to check the strength of elements in tension.
Tensile yielding:
Rn=Fy*Ag
(ASCE J4-1)
Fy=yielding stress of material
Ag=Gross cross sectional area of material
Tensile rupture:
Rn=Fu*Ae
(ASCE J4-2)
Fu=ultimate stress of material
Ae=Effective area
It is important to note that effective area is the cross-sectional area accounting for the missing
material due to the holes fabricated for the bolts.
All of the strength values will be factored to a design strength as per LRFD steel design
standards:
Design Strength = 0.75*Rn
The design factor is 0.9 for tensile yielding considerations*.
Column Base Plate
In regards to the column connecting to the foundation footings, this will be achieved by
means of a column base plate anchored to the underlying concrete. Columns that are connecting
to the foundation are W12X106 with a peak compressive load of 705 kips. In designing the base
plate dimensions, it is important to consider bearing capacity of the underlying concrete. This
capacity is governed by the equation:
Pp=0.85fcA
(AISC J8-1)
Pp=nominal strength of concrete
fc=compressive strength of concrete (4 ksi)
23

A=bearing area (in2)

When one subsitutes the load (705 kips) in for the nominal strength, one can then solve
for the required area, which in this case was 346 in2. The column plate was then selected to have
dimensions 19X 19 in order to have adequate bearing area (192=361).
The sides of the plate outside of the immediate beam area act as a cantilever and the
greatest of those lengths will be taken in the calculation of the thickness of the plate (moment
inceases as length increase for cantilever elements). The equation for plate thickness is:
T=L*Square root ((2*Pu)/(.9*width of plate*length of plate*yielding stress of plate))
(AISC 14-7a)
T=thickness (in)
Pu=705 kips
Width of plate=length of plate=19 in
Yielding stress of plate=36 ksi (A36 steel used for plate)
The resulting thickness for the plate is taken to be 1.75 inches. The column plate used for this
projct will have the dimensions 1.75X 19X 19.
The base plate will be anchored to the foundation using 4-12 anchor rods. This is derived from
equation:
L=(.02*Fy*Db)/(square root(fc)
(ACI 12.3.2)
L=length of anchor rod
Fy=yielding strength of rods (60 ksi)
Db=diameter of rod
Fc=compressive strength of concrete (4 ksi)
All pertinent calculations and illustration can be seen in appendix titled Column Base Plate.
All connection details are illustrated in the appendix sections under the title Connections.
These connections were modeled using the computer program RISAConnection. The computer
model checks all provisions established by ASCE and an example summary is also included with
the first illustration. Also, there exists hand calculations checking the number of bolts necessary.
The hand calculations are done in relation with Vertical braced Chevron computer model to
ensure that 3 bolts were a satisfactory output for that connection.

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Connection Details
W14 Beams to W12 x 106 Column

W14x82 to W27x178:

W27x178 to W27x178:

25

W27x178 to Column:

Vertical Brace Chevron Connection

26

Geotechnical Assessment
Soil Profile
The general soil profile of the site consists of about three layers: a thin layer of top soil, a layer
of a silt mix, and shale bedrock. The upper layers of this shale are heavily weathered and contain
expansive pyrite. Our building was placed in the lower left corner of the site map, near the edge
of the wetlands. For this location, borings B-29 to B-32 were used to investigate the soil beneath
the foot print. The elevation across the foot print, from west to east, changes from 380 feet to 400
feet, over a distance of about 300 feet. Water was found in B-32, 5 feet below the surface. See
the attached site map and soil profile for further detail.
Soil Bearing Capacity
According to the geotechnical report developed by Dente Engineering, the maximum net
allowable soil bearing pressure (qa) is 3000 psi for spread foundations. Using this qa greatly
simplifies the design process. The alternative would be to develop an ultimate bearing capacity
by taking the number of blows on each soil layer, factoring them to N60, find their cohesion and
angle of internal friction and then use a variation of Terzaghis Bearing Capacity formula. Here
the factors for N60 would have to be assumed, as well as the cohesion in the mixed silt layer. The
end result will lead to a qa, which has already been established by Dente.
Final Column Loadings
To be cost effective and make the construction process easy, three column loads were chosen for
footing designs. These select loads are shown below.
# of columns
19
26
15

Load range
< 300 kips
300 - 500
>500

Selected Load
300 kips
500 kips
705 kips

The three ranges captured almost an equal amount of the 60 columns. The final loads are much
higher than the estimated 150 kips from the preliminary report. With proper preparation of the
site, reasonable footings can still be made.
Excavation and Compaction
The elevation of the lot will be 400 feet, with the retaining wall along the border of the wetlands
dropping to 380 feet. Extensive excavation will be required to meet this elevation and to remove
unsuitable soil and broken shale. It has been determined that the site soil and shale are not
suitable as fill under foundation areas. Shale below the floor subgrade must be replaced with 2 to
27

4 feet of structural fill to minimize the risk of expansion. Such a cushion will also reduce
differential settlement. The increase in elevation will reduce the presence of groundwater, but the
structure and the retaining wall still must have perimeter foundation drains. Dewatering will be
required during construction and wet soils must be excavated and replaced. Since the building is
on the low side of the elevation, on site soils will change the soil profile drastically. More
important, since the site soil cannot be used under the foundation, a strong fill must be imported.
This fill must be a well graded sand and gravel mix with less than 10 percent fines. Its soil
modulus should be around 8000 ksf. This will provide the support needed for the structure.
The structural fill also must be compacted to 95 percent of its maximum density and within 2
percent of its optimum water content. Such work should be done during a dry season to make
this more feasible. According to the report from Dente Engineering, the soil subgrades should be
compacted by a vibratory drum of ten tons. Sufficient compaction will help to reduce the
potential settlement and strengthen the surrounding soils.

Settlement
The theoretical settlement of a footing at each boring was calculated both elastically and rigidly,
with equations Se = qo*(*B')* (1 - s^2/Es)*Is*If and Se rigid = .93 Se (Das). From the
standard penetration tests conducted during the boring, the soil modulus was found for each
layer, which was then used to find the average modulus under the foundation. Calculating the
shape factor Is and depth factor If involve other factors A0, A1 and A2, to calculate its factors F1
and F2. A simplified method is to use tabulated values of F1 and F2. Boring 29 had the highest
rigid settlement of 4.6 inches at the center of the footing. Such high settlement will require
excavation, compaction and fill of these weak, moist layers. Settlement calculations must then be
repeated for the new soil conditions. The full calculations are shown in the appendix. Part of the
excavation process will be to add structural fill under the footings and slabs and a new settlement
calculation was done for the max column load by by the same method. By having a solid fill, the
settlement was reduced to about an inch, with almost negligible differential settlement. The new
settlement calculation follows the initial one in the appendix.

28

Final Foundation Plan

Each column will have its own square spread footing, which will be placed at a depth 4 feet
below the surface. This depth will keep the footing stable and protect from frost penetration.
From the three column loads, a footing was designed. The ACI code was used almost
exclusively. The results of this analysis are shown in the table and diagram below.

300 kip

500 kip

705 kip

10 ft

13 ft

16 ft

18 inch

26 inch

32 inch

22 inch

30 inch

36 inch

Bar

No. 5

No. 6

No. 6

As / ft

0.49 in^2 / ft

0.59 in^2 / ft

0.71 in^2/ ft

5 inch

9 inch

7.5 inch

The width of the footing was found by the equation: B = col. load / 3ksf. Before the other
dimensions could be found, the load was first factored to get the factored soil pressure, since the
3 ksf already has a safety factor included. Spread footings are design first for shear and then for
flexural resistance. No stirrups are added to the footings, so the concrete itself must be able to
stand the shear. The one-way and two-way shears were calculated using an estimated depth to
steel dimension d, Area/6. This is used to calculate the shear created by the load and the shear
capacity of the footing. From there, the d can be altered to meet the required shear strength, but
not overly excessive. The flexural resistance will have the same reinforcement in either direction
29

since the footing is square. A one foot width is considered and treated as a beam. The maximum
moment created by the net soil pressure can then be used to calculate the required amount of
steel. This is often express in square inches per foot. The detailed formulas and calculations are
provided in the appendix.

Special Conditions
Our Environmental Engineering consulting group wanted us to put in a retaining wall next to our
plot of land we were given. For the retaining wall, on the backside of the hotel, we decided to
build a cantilever wall. A cantilever wall is the best option here because of how deep we are
digging the foundation of the wall. From the data from the geotechnical report, we only have
information about the soil five feet down. Thus, we can only plan our retaining wall to have a
bottom base of five feet. However, with a cantilever wall, since the base expands backwards so
far into the soil behind the wall, it will give us a more stable retaining wall. A picture of our
design for the cantilever retaining wall can be seen below. This wall will also be the cheapest
option among retaining wall designs.

30

The elevation in front of the retaining wall is 380 feet. The elevation behind the retaining wall
will be 400 feet. So the retaining wall will have a height of twenty feet. The base will be
fourteen feet, with about four and two thirds feet being out in front of the wall. The thickness of
the base will be two feet, and the thickness of the wall itself will be two feet. There will be about
two feet of the wall underneath the ground. So, this puts the total height of the all at twenty two
feet, but only twenty feet will be exposed. The length of this retaining wall will be about two
hundred feet long until it intersects with the foundation of the hotel. Then it will run for about 30
feet along the side of the foundation.

Failure in a cantilever wall is mostly due to groundwater. The water table can have adverse
affects on a cantilever wall. Here the water table is at about five feet. Since we will only be
going down 2 feet for the base, we will not nut into the water table. So that will not have any
affect here.

Construction and Cost

This retaining wall will be built around borings 29 and 31. The soil data for these two borings is
below:
B-29:
The unit weight of the soil in this area was
estimated 110 lb/ft3.
The Phi angle of this soil is about 34.83o.
The Cohesion of this soil is about 1.0.

B-31:
The unit weight of the soil in this area was
estimated 110 lb/ft3.
The Phi angle of this soil is about 27.75o.
The Cohesion of this soil is about 0.5.

Cantilever wall have an economic height maximum of twenty feet. Our wall just fits that
specification. The cantilever wall frame has an area of seventy six feet. This is the combined
areas of both rectangles that create the wall. This wall is then spanned along 230 feet total.
Inside the wall, there will be a frame made of steel. This will give a mold to pour the concrete
around. The most recent estimates for a cantilever wall online is 135 dollars per square foot.
This would put the total of one foot section of wall at 10,260 dollars. Over 230 feet, this puts
cost at 2,359,800 dollars. This cost includes all excavation, embankment, concrete and rebar
cots.

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Soil Profile

32

Site Map

33

CPM Schedule & Network Diagram:

34

Construction Cost Estimate

Estimate Name:

Capstone Hotel

Building Type:

Hotel, 4-7 Story with Face Brick with

Concrete Block Back-up / Steel Frame

Location:

ALBANY, NY

Story Count:

Story Height (L.F.):

13

Floor Area (S.F.):

135000

Labor Type:
Basement
Included:

Union

Data Release:
Cost Per Square
Foot:

Year 2012 Quarter 1

Costs are derived from a building model with basic components.

$186.87

Scope differences and market conditions can cause costs to vary significantly.

Building Cost:

$25,227,000

No

% of
Total
A Substructure

2.60%

Cost Per
S.F.

Cost

$3.61

$488,000

A1010

Standard Foundations
Strip footing, concrete, reinforced, load 11.1 KLF, soil bearing
capacity 6 KSF, 12" deep x 24" wide
Spread footings, 3000 PSI concrete, load 500K, soil bearing capacity
6 KSF, 9' - 6" square x 30" deep

$1.14

$154,000

A1030

Slab on Grade

$1.20

$162,000

Slab on grade, 4" thick, non industrial, reinforced

A2010

Basement Excavation
Excavate and fill, 30,000 SF, 4' deep, sand, gravel, or common earth,
on site storage

$0.05

$6,500

A2020

Basement Walls
Foundation wall, CIP, 4' wall height, direct chute, .148 CY/LF, 7.2 PLF,
12" thick

$1.23

$165,500

B Shell

24.70%

$34.86

$4,705,500

$15.61

$2,108,000

$2.58

$348,000

B1010

Floor Construction
Floor, concrete, slab form, open web bar joist @ 2' OC, on W beam
and column, 30'x30' bay, 32" deep, 75 PSF superimposed load, 120
PSF total load
Floor, concrete, slab form, open web bar joist @ 2' OC, on W beam
and column, 30'x30' bay, 32" deep, 75 PSF superimposed load, 120
PSF total load, for columns add

B1020

Roof Construction
Floor, steel joists, beams, 1.5" 22 ga metal deck, on columns, 30'x30'
bay, 28" deep, 40 PSF superimposed load, 62 PSF total load
Floor, steel joists, beams, 1.5" 22 ga metal deck, on columns, 30'x30'
bay, 28" deep, 40 PSF superimposed load, 62 PSF total load, add for

35

column
B2010

Exterior Walls
Brick wall, composite double wythe, standard face/CMU back-up, 8"
thick, perlite core fill

B2020

Exterior Windows
Aluminum flush tube frame, for insulating glass, 2" x 4-1/2", 5'x6'
opening, no intermediate horizontals

$10.84

$1,463,000

$4.16

$562,000

Glazing panel, insulating, 1/2" thick, 2 lites 1/8" float glass, clear
B2030

Exterior Doors
Door, aluminum & glass, without transom, narrow stile, double
door, hardware, 6'-0" x 7'-0" opening
Door, steel 18 gauge, hollow metal, 1 door with frame, no label, 3'0" x 7'-0" opening

$0.27

$36,500

B3010

Roof Coverings
Roofing, asphalt flood coat, gravel, base sheet, 3 plies 15# asphalt
felt, mopped

$1.38

$186,500

$0.01

$1,500

$33.40

$4,508,500

$6.17

$833,000

$13.12

$1,771,500

Insulation, rigid, roof deck, composite with 2" EPS, 1" perlite
Roof edges, aluminum, duranodic, .050" thick, 6" face
Flashing, aluminum, no backing sides, .019"
Gravel stop, aluminum, extruded, 4", mill finish, .050" thick
B3020

Roof Openings
Roof hatch, with curb, 1" fiberglass insulation, 2'-6" x 3'-0",
galvanized steel, 165 lbs

C Interiors
C1010

23.70%
Partitions
Metal partition, 5/8"fire rated gypsum board face, 5/8"fire rated
gypsum board base, 3-5/8" @ 24", 5/8"fire ratedopposite face, 3.5"
fiberglas insulation
5/8" gypsum board, taped & finished, painted on metal furring

C1020

Interior Doors
Door, single leaf, kd steel frame, hollow metal, commercial quality,
flush, 3'-0" x 7'-0" x 1-3/8"

C2010

Stair Construction
Stairs, steel, cement filled metal pan & picket rail, 16 risers, with
landing

$1.41

$190,000

C3010

Wall Finishes
Painting, interior on plaster and drywall, walls & ceilings, roller work,
primer & 2 coats

$3.46

$466,500

$5.20

$702,000

$4.04

$545,500

Vinyl wall covering, fabric back, medium weight

Ceramic tile, thin set, 4-1/4" x 4-1/4"
C3020

Floor Finishes
Carpet tile, nylon, fusion bonded, 18" x 18" or 24" x 24", 35 oz
Vinyl, composition tile, maximum
Tile, ceramic natural clay

C3030

Ceiling Finishes

36

Acoustic ceilings, 5/8" plastic coated mineral fiber, 12" x 12" tile, 25
ga channel grid, adhesive back support
D Services

49.00%

D1010

Elevators and Lifts

Traction, geared passenger, 3500 lb, 6 floors, 10' story height, 2 car
group, 200 FPM

D2010

Plumbing Fixtures

$69.16

$9,337,000

$6.73

$908,000

$24.42

$3,296,500

Water closet, vitreous china, bowl only with flush valve, wall hung
Urinal, vitreous china, wall hung
Lavatory w/trim, vanity top, PE on CI, 20" x 18"
Kitchen sink w/trim, countertop, stainless steel, 33" x 22" double
bowl
Service sink w/trim, PE on CI,wall hung w/rim guard, 22" x 18"
Bathtub, recessed, PE on CI, mat bottom, 5' long
Shower, stall, baked enamel, terrazzo receptor, 36" square
Water cooler, electric, wall hung, wheelchair type, 7.5 GPH
D2020

Domestic Water Distribution

Gas fired water heater, commercial, 100< F rise, 500 MBH input, 480
GPH

$0.60

$80,500

D2040

Rain Water Drainage

$0.24

$32,500

Roof drain, CI, soil,single hub, 5" diam, 10' high

Roof drain, CI, soil,single hub, 5" diam, for each additional foot add
D3010

Energy Supply
Commercial building heating system, fin tube radiation, forced hot
water, 100,000 SF, 1mil CF, total 3 floors

$5.00

$675,500

D3030

Cooling Generating Systems

Packaged chiller, water cooled, with fan coil unit, medical centers,
60,000 SF, 140.00 ton

$14.10

$1,903,000

D4010

Sprinklers

$3.03

$408,500

$0.37

$50,500

$1.40

$188,500

Wet pipe sprinkler systems, steel, light hazard, 1 floor, 10,000 SF

Wet pipe sprinkler systems, steel, light hazard, each additional floor,
10,000 SF
Standard High Rise Accessory Package 8 story
D4020

Standpipes
Wet standpipe risers, class III, steel, black, sch 40, 4" diam pipe, 1
floor
Wet standpipe risers, class III, steel, black, sch 40, 4" diam pipe,
additional floors
Fire pump, electric, with controller, 5" pump, 100 HP, 1000 GPM
Fire pump, electric, for jockey pump system, add

D5010

Electrical Service/Distribution
Service installation, includes breakers, metering, 20' conduit & wire,
3 phase, 4 wire, 120/208 V, 2000 A
Feeder installation 600 V, including RGS conduit and XHHW wire, 60
A
Feeder installation 600 V, including RGS conduit and XHHW wire,

37

200 A
Feeder installation 600 V, including RGS conduit and XHHW wire,
2000 A
Switchgear installation, incl switchboard, panels & circuit breaker,
2000 A
D5020

Lighting and Branch Wiring

Receptacles incl plate, box, conduit, wire, 10 per 1000 SF, 1.2 W per
SF, with transformer

$8.60

$1,161,000

$4.13

$557,500

$0.56

$75,000

$0.00

$0

Wall switches, 5.0 per 1000 SF

Miscellaneous power, to .5 watts
Central air conditioning power, 4 watts
Motor installation, three phase, 460 V, 15 HP motor size
Motor feeder systems, three phase, feed to 200 V 5 HP, 230 V 7.5
HP, 460 V 15 HP, 575 V 20 HP
Motor connections, three phase, 200/230/460/575 V, up to 5 HP
Motor connections, three phase, 200/230/460/575 V, up to 100 HP
Fluorescent fixtures recess mounted in ceiling, 0.8 watt per SF, 20
FC, 5 fixtures @32 watt per 1000 SF
D5030

Communications and Security

Communication and alarm systems, fire detection, addressable, 100
detectors, includes outlets, boxes, conduit and wire
Fire alarm command center, addressable with voice, excl. wire &
conduit
Communication and alarm systems, includes outlets, boxes, conduit
and wire, intercom systems, 100 stations
Communication and alarm systems, includes outlets, boxes, conduit
and wire, master TV antenna systems, 30 outlets
Internet wiring, 2 data/voice outlets per 1000 S.F.

D5090

Other Electrical Systems

Generator sets, w/battery, charger, muffler and transfer switch,
diesel engine with fuel tank, 250 kW

E Equipment & Furnishings

E1090

0.00%

$0.00

$0

F Special Construction

Other Equipment
0.00%

$0.00

$0

G Building Sitework

0.00%

$0.00

$0

SubTotal

100%

$141.03

$19,039,000

25.00%

$35.26

$4,760,000

Architectural Fees

6.00%

$10.58

$1,428,000

User Fees

0.00%

$0.00

$0

$186.87

$25,227,000

Contractor Fees (General Conditions,Overhead,Profit)

Total Building Cost

38

Appendix A Loading Calculations

Snow Loads Flat Roof & Drift

39

40

41

42

Rain Loads

43

Wind Loads

44

45

46

Seismic Loads

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

RISA 3D Basic Load Combinations

59

Hand Calculations for Columns

Remove constraint at a:

60

Solve For Moments About Node A

Solve For Sum of Forces in Y Direction

V(x) = Shear

M(x) = Moment
>

61

(x) = Slope
>

62

63

(x) = Deflections
>

(x) = Curvature
>

64

>

65

66

>

67

E = Modulus of Elastisity (ksf)

>
i = Moment of Inertia (

v(x) = Virtual Shear

m(x) = Virtual Moment

>
68

(x) = Virtual Deflections

>

(x) = Virtual Curviture

69

>

70

Solving For Moments About Joint D

>

Solving For Sum of Forces in Y Axis

Each Reaction is a column load per floor based on live load

Appendix B Connection Calculations

Connection at Node 7 (Bottom of second floor, corner of end of wing)

71

Example summary from RISAConnection displaying code checks that each connection must pass

72

W14x82 to W27x178:

73

W27x178 to W27x178:

74

W27x178 to Column:

75

Vertical Brace Chevron Connection (This connection is checked by the following hand
calculations to ensure 3 bolts is an adequate number)

76

77

78

79

Column Base Plate

80

81

Appendix C Settlement Calculations

Initial Settlement Calculations

Se = qo*(*B')* (1 - s^2/Es)*Is*If
Se rigid = .93 * Se
Bearing Capacity
qo
net applied pressure on foundation
s
Poisson's ratio = 0.3
Es
Avg soil modulus under foundation from 0 to 4B
B'
B/2 for center of foundation, B for corner
Is

3 ksf
150 kips

Shape Factor
Is = F1 + (1- 2 s / 1-s) F2
F1 = 1/pi (Ao +A1)

F2 = n'/2pi * arctan A2

Ao = m' ln [1 + (m'^2 + 1)^.5 * (m'^2 + n'^2)^.5 / m' (1 + (m'^2 + n'^2 + 1)^.5]

A1 = ln [(m' + (m'^2 + 1)^.5) * (1+n'^2)^.5 / (m' + (m'^2+n'^2+1)^.5)]
A2 = m' / n'*(m'^2 + n'^2 +1)^.5
If

m'
n'

Depth factor
Where settlement is calculated
Center
4
L/B
H/(B/2)

Corner
1
L/B
H/B

Soil Moduli

N60 = N *H*B*S*R/ 60

Es = Es(i) * z / H

According to Das
Factor
Justification
H
60
US Safety hammer,
Rope and pulley
B
1
D = 2.25 inch
S
1
Standard Sampler
R
0.75
Rod Length < 12 ft

Es(i) = 2000 psf* N60 * soil

soil
5

Center

82

Parameters
B
B'
L

m'
n'

7.071068
3.535534
7.071068
4
1
H/(B/2)

Depth factor
Df/B
0.565685
If
0.775 from Das 5.15

Parameters
B
B'
L

m'
n'

7.071068
7.071068
7.071068
1
1
H/B

Depth factor
Df/B
0.565685
If
0.775 from Das 5.15

F1,F2 and Is depend on n'

Corner

N
3
23
32

B-31
N60
Es(i) (psf)
0.0225
225
0.1725
1725
0.24
rock
H
Es
Settlement
Center
n'
1.414214
F1
0.224
F2
0.075
Shape Factor
Is
0.266857
Se
Se rigid
Corner
n'
F1
F2

F1,F2 and Is depend on n'

z (ft)
2
3
5
1125

psf

B-30
N60
Es(i) (psf) z (ft)
2
0.015
150
3
28
0.21
20160
2
16
0.12
rock
H
5
Es
8154
psf
Settlement
Center
n'
1.414214
F1
0.224
F2
0.075
Shape Factor
Is
0.266857

0.354875 feet
0.330034

Se
Se rigid

0.048962
0.045534 feet

0.707107
0.257
0.083

Corner
n'
F1
F2

0.707107
0.257
0.083

83

N
2
38
35
57

Shape Factor
Is
0.304429

Shape Factor
Is
0.304429

Se
Se rigid

Se
Se rigid

0.202419
0.18825 feet

B-32
N60
Es(i) (psf) z (ft)
0.015
150
3
0.285
2850
2
0.2625
2625
2
0.4275 rock
H
7
Es
1628.571 psf
Settlement
Center
n'
1.979899
F1
0.285
F2
0.064
Shape Factor
Is
0.321571
Se
Se rigid

0.295406
0.274728 feet

0.027928
0.025973 feet

B-29
N60
Es(i) (psf) z (ft)
2
0.015
150
1
11
0.0825 rock
H
1
Es
150 psf

Settlement
Center
n'
0.282843
F1
0.014
F2
0.049
Shape Factor
Is
0.042
Se
Se rigid

0.418897
0.389574 feet

Corner
n'
0.989949
F1
0.142
F2
0.083
Shape Factor
Is
0.189429

Corner
n'
0.141421
F1
0.009
F2
0.03
Shape Factor
Is
0.026143

Se
Se rigid

Se
Se rigid

0.087008
0.080917 feet

0.130371
0.121245 feet

84

Final Settlement Calculations

Final Settlement Calculations for 705 kip column on new fill
Es = 8000 ksf
Center
Parameters
B
16
B'
8
L
16

4
m'
1
n'
H/(B/2)

Depth factor
Df/B
0.25
If
0.88 from Das 5.15

F1,F2 and Is depend on n'

Corner
Parameters
B
16
B'
16
L
16

1
m'
1
n'
H/B
Settlement
Center
n'
2.5
F1
0.376
F2
0.045
Shape Factor
Is
0.401714
Se
Se
rigid

Depth factor
Df/B
0.25
If
0.88 from Das 5.15
.8-.9
F1,F2 and Is depend on n'

Corner
n'
5
F1
0.44
F2
0.03
Shape Factor
Is
0.457143

0.099789 feet

Se

0.072264 feet

0.092804

Se rigid

0.067206

85

Appendix D Square Footing Calculations

Formulas and Nomenclature:
Actual Soil Pressure < Soil Bearing Capacity
D+L+Ws+Wf/B^2
Ws
weight of soil above footing
Wf
weight of footing *6% D+L)
pfill
0.125 kcf
Footing Thickness
one-way and two-way shear
1-way

Vu<0.75 Vc
Vu= 1.2D+1.6L
Vc = 2*b*d
sqrt(f'c)
f'c
b
d

2-way

aci 11.11.1.1

4 ksi concrete
footing length
depth to steel

Vc =

Vc smallest of
6*[sqrt(f'c)]*bo*
d

Vc =

((as * d) / bo) +2)*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d

Vc =

4*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d

as

bo

aci 11.11.1.2

normal
1 concrete
40 interior col
30 edge
20 corner
perimeter of affected area around column
d/2

86

Calculations for each load:

footing 1 = 705 kips
Load
B
Wsoil
Qact
Factored col Load
D
L
Pfac

705
16
85.33333
892.7333

Kips
ft
kips
kips

133 kips
572 kips
1074.8 kips

Factored Soil Pressure

p=
4.198438 ksf

p=P/B^2

Estimated depth to steel

d=
42.66667
let d =
32 inch

d=A/6
excess with estimate

Beam Shear
Vu = p*x*B
264.9681 kips
Vc = 2*b*d sqrt(f'c)
777.1614 kips

Flexural Reinforcement
consider 1 foot width
Steel in the NS and EW direction will be the same
Depth to steel is to the higher bar
w

Vu<.75 Vc
264.9681 <

L
582.871

p
Length from edge of col. To end of
footing
7.5 feet

Punching Shear
x= 12 +d

Mu = wL^2 /2
118.0811 k-ft

44 inch
Vu = Pfac - p*(x)^2
1018.354 kips
bo = 4*x
176 inch

Mu/phi*b*d^2
phi
0.9
b
12 inch considered
d
32 inch

min of
1. Vc = 6*[sqrt(f'c)]*bo*d
2137.194 kips
2. Vc = ((as * d) / bo) +2)*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d
3302.936 kips

0.106772 ksi

rho = [Mu/phi*b*d^2]*0.0033 /0.2

0.001762

87

3. Vc = 4*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d
1424.796 kips
Vc =
1424.796
Vu<.75 Vc
1018.354 <
1068.597 kips

As = rho*b*d
0.676506 in^2 /ft
# 6 at 7.5 inch
0.71 in^2 /ft provided

Footing 2 = 500 kips

Load
B(ft)
Wsoil
Qact

500
13
45.77083 kips
600.6958 kips

Factored col Load

D
L
Pfac

133 kips
367 kips
746.8 kips

Factored Soil Pressure

p = 4.418935 ksf

p=P/B^2

Estimated depth to steel

d = 28.16667
let d =
26 inch

d=A/6

Beam Shear
Vu = p*x*B
209.838 kips
Vc = 2*b*d sqrt(f'c)
513.0479 kips
Vu<.75 Vc
209.838
<
384.7859

excess with estimate

Flexural Reinforcement
consider 1 foot width
Steel in the NS and EW direction will be the same
Depth to steel is to the higher bar
w
L

p
Length from edge of col. To end of footing
6 feet

Punching Shear
x= 12 +d

Mu = wL^2 /2
79.54083 k-ft

38 inch
Vu = Pfac - p*(x)^2
702.4879 kips
bo = 4*x
152 inch

Mu/phi*b*d^2
phi
0.9
b
12 inch considered
d
26 inch

min of

0.108948 ksi

88

1. Vc = 6*[sqrt(f'c)]*bo*d
1499.679 kips
2. Vc = ((as * d) / bo) +2)*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d
1782.513 kips
3. Vc = 4*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d
999.7857 kips
Vc = 999.7857
Vu<.75 Vc
702.4879
<
749.8393 kips

rho = [Mu/phi*b*d^2]*0.0033 /0.2

0.001798
As = rho*b*d
0.560865 in^2 /ft
#6 at 9 inch
0.59 in^2/ft provided

Footing 3 = 300 kips

Load
B(ft)
Wsoil
Qact

300
10
18.75 kips
341.25 kips

Factored col Load

D
L
Pfac

133 kips
167 kips
426.8 kips

Factored Soil Pressure

p=
4.268 ksf

p=P/B^2

Estimated depth to steel

d = 16.66667
let d =
18 inch

d=A/6

Beam Shear
Vu = p*x*B
132.7822 kips
Vc = 2*b*d sqrt(f'c)
273.2208 kips
Vu<.75 Vc
132.7822
<
204.9155924
Punching Shear
x= 12 +d
30 inch
Vu = Pfac - p*(x)^2
400.125 kips

Flexural Reinforcement
consider 1 foot width
Steel in the NS and EW direction will be the same
Depth to steel is to the higher bar
w
L

p
Length from edge of col. To end of footing
4.5 feet

Mu = wL^2 /2
43.2135 k-ft
Mu/phi*b*d^2
phi

0.9

89

bo = 4*x
120 inch
min of
1. Vc = 6*[sqrt(f'c)]*bo*d
819.6624 kips
2. Vc = ((as * d) / bo) +2)*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d
683.052 kips
3. Vc = 4*sqrt(f'c)*bo*d
546.4416 kips
Vc = 546.4416
Vu<.75 Vc
400.125
<
409.8311848 kips

b
d

12 inch considered
18 inch

0.123495 ksi

rho = [Mu/phi*b*d^2]*0.0033 /0.2

0.002038
As = rho*b*d
0.440138 in^2 /ft
# 5 at 7.5 inch
0.49 in^2/ft provided

90