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  • Lower Limb

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    Yusri Arif
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    The document summarizes the major muscles of the lower limb, including: 1) The quadriceps femoris muscle which extends the knee and is the main extensor. It originates from the femur and inserts into the patella. 2) The gluteus maximus muscle which is the main extensor of the hip joint and a strong lateral rotator/abductor of the thigh. It originates from the pelvis and inserts into the femur. 3) The adductor muscles including the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus which adduct and flex the thigh. They originate from the pubis and insert into the femur or tibia.

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    The document summarizes the major muscles of the lower limb, including: 1) The quadriceps femoris muscle which extends the knee and is the main extensor. It originates from the femur and inserts into the patella. 2) The gluteus maximus muscle which is the main extensor of the hip joint and a strong lateral rotator/abductor of the thigh. It originates from the pelvis and inserts into the femur. 3) The adductor muscles including the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus which adduct and flex the thigh. They originate from the pubis and insert into the femur or tibia.

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    551 views6 pages

    Lower Limb

    Uploaded by

    Yusri Arif
    The document summarizes the major muscles of the lower limb, including: 1) The quadriceps femoris muscle which extends the knee and is the main extensor. It originates from the femur and inserts into the patella. 2) The gluteus maximus muscle which is the main extensor of the hip joint and a strong lateral rotator/abductor of the thigh. It originates from the pelvis and inserts into the femur. 3) The adductor muscles including the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus which adduct and flex the thigh. They originate from the pubis and insert into the femur or tibia.

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    of 6

    Muscles of Lower Limb

    Muscle of the Front of the Thigh


    Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
    1. Sartorius  Flexion hip and knee joint
    Upper part medial surface of Femoral nerve
    ASIS  Lateral rotation of thigh
    shaft of tibia (L2, L3, L4)
     Medial rotation of leg
    2. Quadriceps 2 heads 4 heads of muscles join each  main extensor of knee joint
    Femoris  straight head = AIIS other insertions  rectus femoris share
    a. Rectus femoris  reflected head = groove  in upper border of patella flexion of hip joint
    above acetabulum  through patellar ligament  articularis genu pull
    b. Vastus medialis Linear origin from  to tubercle of tibia synovial membrane of
     lower part of knee joint upward during
    intertrochanteric line extension of knee-prevent
     spiral line Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) by rolling of synovial
     medial lip of linea aspera separate branch for each membrane between bones
     medial part of muscle of knee joint
    supracondylar ridge
    c. Vastus lateralis  Upper part of trochanteric
    line
     root of greater trochanter
     lateral of linea aspera
    d. Vastus Anterior and lateral surface of
    intermedialis upper 3/4 of shaft of femur
    3. Psoas Major  Lumbar transverse  Flexion and medial rotation
    processes of thigh
     Intervertebral discs in  Assist in flexion of trunk
    th Posterior part of lesser Roots of femoral nerve (L2, L3,
    between 12 thoracic and together with iliacus
    st trochanter L4 sometime L1)
    1 lumbar spines muscle (=ilopsoas)
     Tendinous arch above
    lumbar artery
    4. Illiacus  Tendon of psoas major in  assist in psoas major
    lesser trochanter muscle (=iliopsoas) to flex
     adjoined part of femur the trunk
    Femoral nerve in abdomen (L2,  flexion and medial rotation
    Floor of iliac fossa
    L3, L4) of thigh
     If neck of the femur
    fractured, it will do lateral
    rotation of thigh
    Fatnulhani – Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine
    5. Pectineus  Pectineal surface and Upper half of pectineal line of  Originally femoral nerve
     Pectineal line of superior femur extending from lesser  Additional supply from Adduct and flex the thigh
    pubic ramus trochanter down to linea accessory obturator nerve
    aspera
    6. Gracilis  Lower 1/2 of ant surface of Upper part of medial side of  Adduction of thigh
    body of pubis tibia between sartorious and  Flexion of knee
     Side of pubic arch semitendinosus insertions  Medial rotation of leg
    7. Adductor Longus Front of body of pubis just below Anterior division of obturator
    Middle part of linea aspera
    pubic tubercle nerve
    8. Adductor Brevis Lower part of pectineal line of
    Adduct and flexion of thigh
    Front of body of pubis between femur extending from lesser
    obturatur externus and gracilis trochanter down to linea
    aspera
    9. Adductor Magnus Pubic part
     gluteal tuberosity
    Anterior surface of pubic arch  linea aspera Posterior division of obturator
    Adduction and flexion of thigh
     medial supraconylar ridge nerve

    Ischial part
    Lateral area of lower part of
    Adductor tubercle Sciatic nerve Extend hip joint
    ischial tuberosity

    Muscle of Gluteal Region


    Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
    1. Gluteus Maximus  Gluteal surface of ilium  Deep ¼: floor of gluteal  Main extensor of hip joint
    behind post gluteal line tuberosity of femur – when force is needed:
     Back of lateral mass of  Superficial ¾: posterior o Rising from sitting
    sacrum border of iliotibial tract o Climbing
     Back of sacro-tuberous Inferior gluteal nerve
    o Running
    ligament  Strong lateral rotator and
    (L5, S1, S2)
    abductor of thigh
     Tenses iliotibial tract thus
    helps to extend the knee
    and maintain knee joint in
    full extension
    2. Gluteus Medius  Posteriorsuperior angle of  Abduction of thigh
    greater trochanter  Medial rotation of thigh
    Gluteal surface of ilium between
     Oblique ridge of lateral  Stabilize pelvis
    posterior and middle gluteal line
    surface of greater Superior gluteal nerve
    trochanter
    3. Gluteus Minimus Gluteal surface of ilium between Anterior surface of greater
    middle and inferior gluteal line trochanter
    4. Piriformis Anterior surface of middle 3 Upper border (top) of greater  Lateral rotation of thigh
    Root of sacral plexus, S1 & S2
    pieces of sacrum trochanter  Help in abduction of thigh
    Fatnulhani – Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine
    5. Obturator Internus  Inner surface of obturator
    membrane
    Inner surface of greater Nerve to obturator internus (from
     Front & side walls of pelvic
    trochanter superior to its fossa sacral plexus)
    cavity around the margins
    of obturator foramen
    6. Obturator Externus  Outer surface of obturator
    Tendon passes below capsule
    membrane Posterior division of obturator
    of hip joint to be inserted into
     Outer margin of obturator nerve Lateral rotation to thigh
    trochanteric fossa
    foramen
    7. Quadratus Femoris Lateral border upper lateral part
    Quadrate tubercle of femur Nerve to quadratus femoris
    of ischial tuberosity
    8. Superior Gemellus Upper boundary of lesser sciatic Nerve to obturator internus, L5,
    notch Lower border of obturator S1, S2 (ant)
    9. Inferior Gemillus Lower boundary of lesser sciatic internus tendon Nerve to quadratus femoris, L4,
    notch L5, S1 (ant)

    Muscles of Back of Thigh


    Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
    1. Biceps Femoris  Long head (med) = Sciatic nerve by separate  Long head – weak
    common origin with branch for every head extensor of hip join
    semitendinosus from lower  Long head – tibial part of  Short head – flexion and
    medial area of upper sciatic nerve lateral rotation of knee
    quadangular of ischial  Short head – common joint
    Head of fibula
    tuberosity peroneal part of sciatic
     Short head (lat) lateral lip of nerve
    linea aspera and upper part
    of lateral supracondylar
    ridge
    2. Semitedinosus Common origin with long head  Flexion and medial
    of biceps femoris from lower rotation of knee joint
    Upper part of medial surface of
    medial area of upper
    tibia  Extention of hip joint
    quadrangular of ischial
    tuberosity
    3. Semimembranosus  groove at the back of Tibial part of sciatic nerve
    medial condyle of tibia (Medial popliteal nerve)
    Upper lateral area of upper  post oblique ligament of
    quadrangular of ischial knee joint
    tuberosity  fascia covers popliteus
    muscle and insertion
    reaches soleal line

    Fatnulhani – Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine


    Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg
    Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
    1. Tibialis anterior  Upper 2/3 of lateral surface  Medial surface of medial  Dorsiflexion of ankle
    of shaft of tibia cuneiform  Inversion of foot
     Interosseous membrane  Base of 1st metatarsal  Helps to maintain medial
     Intermuscular septum bone longitudinal arch of the
    foot
    2. Extensor Hallucis  Middle 1/2 of medial  Extension of all joints of
    Base of terminal phalanx of big
    Longus surface of fibula big toe
    toe
     Interosseous membrane  Dorsiflexion of ankle joint
    3. Extensor Digitorum  Upper 3/4 of medial 4 tendons in lateral 4 toes  Extension of joints of
    Longus surface of fibula each tendons ends in extensor lateral 4 toes
     Interosseous membrane expansion at dorsum of Anterior tibial nerve  Dorsiflexion of ankle joint
    proximal phalanx
    4. Extensor digitorum  Extends proximal phalanx
    brevis of big toe
    Anterior part of upper surface of Base of the proximal phalanx
     Extend middle and
    calceneus of the big toe
    terminal phalanges of 2-4
    toes (dorsiflexion of foot)
    5. Peroneus Tertius  Lower 1/4 medial surface  Dorsiflexion of ankle joint
    of fibula Dorsal aspect of base of 5th  Eversion of foot
     Interosseous membrane metatarsal bone
     Intermuscular septum

    Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg


    Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
      
    st
    1. Peroneus Longus Head and upper 2/3 of Lateral side of base of 1 Plantar flexion of ankle
    lateral surface of fibula metatarsal bone joint
     Anterior and posterior  Lateral side of medial  Eversion of foot
    intermuscular septa of leg cuneiform bone  Maintain lateral
     Deep fascia of leg longitudinal and
    Musculocutaneous (Superficial
    transverse arches of foot
    peroneal) nerve
    2. Peroneus Brevis  Lower 2/3 of lateral surface  Plantar flexion of ankle
    of shaft of fibula Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal joint
     Anterior and posterior bone  Eversion of foot
    intermuscular septa of leg
     Deep fascia of leg

    Fatnulhani – Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine


    Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Leg
    Muscles Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
    1. Gastrocnemius  Medial head: popliteal  Powerful plantar flexor of
    surface of femur just above Tendon + tendon of soleus = ankle
    medial condyle tendocalcaneus which insert Tibial (medial popliteal) nerve by  Helps flexion knee joint
     Lateral head: lateral into middle 1/3 of posterior separate branch for each head  Antigravity muscle acting
    surface of lateral condyle surface of calcaneus with soleus
    of femur
    2. Plantaris  Lower part of Long slender tendon pass
    supracondylar ridge between gastrocnemius and
     Oblique popliteal ligament soleus fused with
    Tibial (medial popliteal) nerve Accesory to gastrocnemeus
    tendocalcaneus to be inserted
    on posterior surface of
    calcaneus
    3. Soleus Fibular origin:  Tibial (medial popliteal)  Major flexor of the foot
     Upper 1/3 of posterior nerve  Strong antigravity muscle
    surface of its shaft  Posterior tibial nerve (in
     Back of head of fibula the middle of the leg
    Tibial origin: Back of calcaneus through
     Soleal line tendocalcaneus
     Middle 1/3 of medial
    border of tibia
    Fibrous arch between tibia and
    fibula
    4. Popliteus By a strong rounded tendon  Tibial nerve  Flexion and medial
    from anterior part of groove on  Posterior tibial nerve rotation of leg
    lateral surface of lateral femoral Medial 2/3 of the triangular  Unlock knee joint at
    condyle (femoral sulcus) lying area above the soleal line beginning of flexion
    below lateral epiconcyle
    (intracapsular extrasynovial)
    5. Flexor Hallucis  Lower 2/3 of posterior  Plantar flexion of foot
    Tendon descends and passes
    Longus surface of fibula (below the  Flexion of all small joint of
    in a groove on posterior
    origin of soleus muscle) big toe
    surface of talus deep to flexor
     Lower part of posterior  Support medial
    retinaculum.
    surface of interosseous longitudinal arch of foot
    Passes 2nd layer of foot to be
    membrane
    inserted in base of terminal
     Posterior intermuscular phalanx of big toe Posterior tibial nerve
    septum
    6. Flexor Digitorum  Tendon passes  Flex all joints of lateral 4
    Longus Upper 2/3 of medial part of superficial to tendon of toes
    posterior aspect of tibia, medial tibialis posterior and cross  Plantar flexion of foot
    to vertical line below lateral to it.
    popliteus/soleal line  Passes deep to flexor
    retinaculum.
    Fatnulhani – Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine
     Divides into 4 smaller
    tendon.
     To be inserted in bases of
    terminal phalanges of
    lateral 4 toes
    7. Tibialis Porterior  Posterior surface of Tendon passes in groove at  Plantar flexion
    interosseus membrane back of medial malleolus,  Inversion of foot
     Upper 2/3 of posterior passes deep to flexor  Maintain medial
    surface of tibia (lateral to retinaculum to be inserted in: longitudinal arch of foot
    the vertical line)  Tuberosity of navicular
     Upper 2/3 of posterior bone
    surface of fibula  All tarsal except talus
     Bases of 2 , 3 and 4
    nd rd th
     Intermuscular septa of the
    back of the leg metatarsal bones

    Fatnulhani – Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine

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