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Chapter 1
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Learning Objectives
LO1-1 Explain why knowledge of statistics is important.
LO1-2 Define statistics and provide an example of how
statistics is applied.
LO1-3 Differentiate between descriptive and inferential
statistics.
LO1-4 Classify variables as qualitative or quantitative, and
discrete or continuous.
LO1-5 Distinguish between nominal, ordinal, interval, and
ratio levels of measurement.
LO1-6 List the values associated with the practice of
statistics.
1-2
Uses of Statistics
1.
2.
3.
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LO1-1
3.
1-5
Types of Statistics
Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics
Descriptive Statistics - methods of organizing,
summarizing, and presenting data in an informative
way
EXAMPLE 1: There are a total of 46,837 miles of interstate highways in the
United States. The interstate system represents only 1% of the nations total
roads but carries more than 20% of the traffic. The longest is I-90, which
stretches from Boston to Seattle, a distance of 3,099 miles.
EXAMPLE 2: The average person spent $103.00 on traditional Valentines
LO1-3
Types of Statistics
Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics
Inferential Statistics - A decision, estimate,
prediction, or generalization about a
population based on a sample.
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LO1-3
1-8
LO1-3
3.
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LO1-3
Usefulness of a Sample in
Learning about a Population
Using a sample to learn something about a
population is done extensively in business,
agriculture, politics, and government.
EXAMPLE: Television networks constantly monitor
the popularity of their programs by hiring Nielsen
and other organizations to sample the preferences
of TV viewers.
1-10
Types of Variables
A. Qualitative
B.
LO1-4
a specified range.
EXAMPLE: the pressure in a tire, the weight of a pork chop, or the
height of students in a class
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LO1-4
1-13
1-14
LO1-5
Nominal-Level Data
Properties:
1. Observations of a qualitative variable
can only be classified and counted.
2. There is no particular order to the
labels.
1-15
LO1-5
Ordinal-Level Data
Properties:
1.
2.
Data
classifications
are
represented by sets of labels or
names (high, medium, low) that
have relative values.
Because of the relative values,
the data classified can be
ranked or ordered.
1-16
LO1-5
Interval-Level Data
Properties:
1.
2.
1-17
LO1-5
Ratio-Level Data
Properties:
1.
2.
3.
1-18
LO1-5
2.
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LO1-5
1-20
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