M.Sc.

First Internal Examination

Semester III - October 2015
MT03C11, MULTIVARIATE CALCULUS AND INTEGRAL
TRANSFORMS
Time : 90 minutes
Max.Weight : 15
Part A (Answer Any 4 questions. Each has weight 1.)
1. Calculate the directional derivative f 0 (x; u) of the function f : Rn R defined by f (~x) =
~a ~x, where ~a is a fixed vector in Rn .
2. Let f : R2 R3 be defined by the equation,
f (x, y) = (sin x cos y, sin x sin y, cos x cos y) .
Determine the Jacobian matrix Df (x, y).
3. Give an example of a function f : R2 R which is discontinuous at (0, 0) but has finite
partial derivatives at (0, 0). (you must show that both the partial derivatives exist at
origin).
4. Show that if f : Rn Rm is differentiable at ~c Rn , then f is continuous at ~c.
5. Consider the function f (u, v) = (uv, u v) and g(x, y) = (x + y, x2 + y 2 ). What is
(f g)(x, y). Compute (f g)0 (3, 4).
6. Using Taylors theorem to express f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 in the powers of (x 1) and
(y 2).
Part B (Answer any three. Each carries 2 weights.)
7. Prove that there does not exists any real valued function f such that f 0 (~c; ~u) > 0 for
a fixed point ~c in Rn and every non zero vector ~u Rn . Give an example such that
f 0 (~c; ~u) > 0 for a fixed direction ~u and every ~c in Rn .
8. Compute gradient vector f (x, y) at the point (x, y) in R2 whenever it exists.
a) f (x, y) = x2 y 2 log(x2 + y 2 ) if (x, y) 6= 0, f (0, 0) = 0.
1
if (x, y) 6= (0, 0), f (0, 0) = 0.
b) f (x, y) = xy sin 2
x + y2
9. State and prove the sufficient condition for the differentiability of a function f (x1 , x2 , , xn ) =
(f1 , f2 , , fm ).
10. State and prove the sufficient condition for the equality of mixed partial derivatives of a
function f : Rn Rm .
11. Let f be a real valued function differentiable in a 2 - ball B(x). By considering the
function
g(t) = f [ty1 + (1 t)x1 , y2 ] + f [x1 , ty2 + (1 t)x2 ]
Prove that,
f (y) f (x) = (y1 x1 )D1 f (z1 , y2 ) + (y2 x2 )D2 f (x1 , z2 ).
where z1 L(x1 , y1 ) and z2 L(x2 , y2 ).
1

Part C (Write any one. Each carries weight 5).

1. Two functions f, g : R R are equal up to nth order at a if
lim

h0

f (a + h) g(a + h)
= 0.
hn

a. Show that f is differentiable at a iff there is a function g of the form g(x) = a0 +

a1 (x a) such that f and g are equal up to the first order at a.
b. If f 0 (a), f 00 (a), , f (n) (a) exists, show that f and the function g defined by
g(x) =

n
X
f (i) (a)
i=0

i!

(x a)i

are equal u up to order n at a.

2. Let Ei , i = 1, , k be Euclidean spaces of various dimensions. A function f : E1 E2
Ek Rp is called multi linear if for each choice of xj Ej , j 6= i the function
g : Ei Rp defined by g(x) = f (x1 , , xi1 , x, xi1 , , xk ) is a linear transformation.
a. If f is a multi linear map and i 6= j show that for h = (h1 , h2 , , hk ) with hl El ,
we have
|f (a1 , , hi , , hj , , ak )|
lim
= 0.
h0
|h|
b. Prove that
Df (a1 , , ak )(x1 , x2 , , xk ) =

k
X

f (a1 , ai1 , xi , ai+1 , , ak ).

i=1

Useful formula and results.

A function f is said to be differentiable at c if there exists a linear function Tc : Rn Rm
such that
f (c + v) f (c) = Tc (v) + ||v||Ec (v).
where Ec (v) 0 as v 0.
If f (c) = (f1 (c), f2 (c), , fm (c)), then
fj (c1 , c2 , , ck + h, , cn ) fj (c1 , c2 , , ck , , cn )
h0
h

Dk fj (c) = lim

Best Wishes !