6LoWPAN Protocol Stack

OSI Layer VS 6LoWPAN Stack

Physical Layer

Preamble-For receiving clock synchronization

Start of frame delimiter-To mark new incoming frame
SHR,PHR,PHY payload forms PHY Packet

Data Link Layer (MAC Layer)

Frame Control

 Data frame-data transfer,

Beacon frame-generated by coordinator for synchronization,
Command frame- MAC layer network management. Used for association,
disassociation, data and beacon requests, conflict notification
Acknowledgement frame-for acknowledgement
Security Enabled-1 Bit , set to 1 if it is protected by MAC layer.
Frame pending-1 Bit, enabled if there is more data for recipient.
Ack request-1 Bit, enabled if acknowledgement is required.
Sequence number-Always enabled for security
Addressing Field-Destination Id& Address , Source Id & Address
MFR-Has Frame check sequence=2 octets in length and contains a 16-bit
ITU-T CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

Adaptation Layer
Has three primary elements 1.Fragmentation and Reassembly-MTU for IEEE802.15.4 is 128 bytes
but Ipv6 packet size is 1280 bytes so fragmentation is required.
D size- size of whole packet
D tag- which packet
D offset-offset of fragment from first fragment
2.Header Compression-IPv6 header size is 40 bytes, User Datagram
Protocol (UDP) 8 bytes, 4 bytes of ICMPv6 header, fragmentation
header add another 5 bytes overhead. So header compression is
required for effective payload transmission.

Network Layer
The main considerations of this layer are addressing and routing
protocols.
Ipv6 header is added in this field, route over routing decision is done
in network layer.
RPL routing protocol for low power and lossy network can be
used.IPv6 extension header will have routing details

 DODAG-Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph

DIO-DODAG Information Object
DAO-Destination advertise

Transport Layer
Responsible for process to process delivery
UDP is the protocol used in 6lowpan
In this layer UDP header is added.IT consist of 4 fields1.Source port number-This field identifies the sender's port and
should be assumed to be the port to reply to if needed.
2.Destination port number- Identifies receivers port address
3.Length- specifies the length of UDP header and data.
4.Checksum- Used for error checking

Application Layer
6LoWPAN application opens a socket which is then used to receive or
send packets.
CoAP is an application layer protocol that is intended for use in
resource-constrained internet devices.

 CoAP- Constrained application protocol- for constrained hardware

Observe flag- Send GET with observe flag, if there is a change of
variable it will push notification .
Discovery-Discover devices, sending the resources.
Quality of service-Confirm message or non confirmable

 T Transaction type-Indicates-> 0 Confirmable, 1 Non confirmable, 2

Acknowledgement- confirms the reception of con message, 3 ResetConfirms the reception of msg that couldnt be processed
OC Option count-Indicates if there is any optional header following
this header
Code- Indicates-> 0 GET, 1 POST, 2 PUT, 3 DELETE
GET- Retrieves the information corresponding to the resource in request URI
POST-Similar to GET, if additional information is sent in body of request, rather than URI -POST is
used
PUT-Resource identified by the request URI be updated
DELETE- Delete a resource on the server

Transaction id- Must be changed for each new request