A

Seminar Report On
COWSHED AUTOMATION
Submitted to Shivaji University Kolhapur
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

Batchlor of Engineering

In
Instrumentation Engineering
By
Mr. PatilAmarsinh S.
Under the guidance of
Prof.M.N.Phadnis

Department of Instrumentation Engineering

PadmabhooshanVasantraodadaPatil Institute of Technology, Budhgaon

October 2015

PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTRAODADA PATIL

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Budhgaon

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
AUTOMATIONsubmitted by

the

dissertation

titled

COWSHED

Mr. PatilAmarsinh S.
is record of bonafide work carried out by her, under my guidance, in partial
ful- fillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Batchlor of
Engineering in Instrumentation of Shivaji University Kolhapur.
Date:
Place :Budhgaon

Prof. M. N. Phadnis
Guide
(Dept.ofInstru. Enggi.)

Prof.Dr. S.S. Admuthe

H.O.D.
(Dept. of Instru. Enggi.)

Prof. S. V. Joshi
principal
(P.V.P,I.T.Budhgaon.)
2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take a great pleasure in presenting this seminar report and I glad to express my special
thanks to Prof.M.N.Phadnis for their excellent, timely guidance and constructive
suggestions during the preparation of the seminar. This seminar wouldnt have been
successful without his encouragement till the presentation. I thank a lot for his guidance
and timely help, which made this a reality.
I express deep sense of gratitude to the library and staff members for their cooperation. And finally I express my sincere thanks to all those who have directly or
indirectly helped me.

Thanking You,

Mr. PatilAmarsinh S.

ABSTRACT
The requirement of milk in society is increase as compaire to the old days so milk
production should be done like industrial passion
We required milk with minimum investment and it should have good quality. So in this
project cowshed automation we maintain their feeding at required time for gives the
maximum amount of fat maintain the temperature to give the maximum amount of milk
,feeding fresh water minimum percentage for their good health it all does automatically
less involving the human being for our automation make use of arduino is one type of
controller

SR NO

CONTENT

PAGE NO

Introduction

Block Diagram

Hardware Detail

Interfacing

22

Flowchart of System

26

Advantages

27

Conclusion

28

References

29

INDEX

1.Introduction;-

The requirement of milk in society is increase as compaire to the old days so milk
production should be done like industrial passion Some parameter is control in the
cowshed then increase the production of milk in same investment Cattle should have
easy access to fresh water. Normally, cattle should have continual access to water, but
access to water twice per day will satisfy their needs under most conditions. should be
provided feed to maintain adequate body weight and/or body condition for normal body
function. Cattle must be provided with proper... shelter or protection from the weather.

So in this project cowshed automation we maintain their feeding at required time for
gives the maximum amount of fat maintain the temperature to give the maximum
amount of milk ,feeding fresh water minimum percentage for their good health it all
does automatically less involving the human being for our automation make use of
arduino is one type of controller

2.Blockdiagram:-

Temperatur
e sensor

Arduino
Drive circuit
and Relays

Level
sensor

Weight
sensor

(Cooling fan,
Pump,
Solenoid
valve, DC
motors

Signal
conditio
Power
Supply

Switc

Working:We use Ardiuno controller as controller in our system. Aurdino is our decision
maker, which take design according to the operator and loaded software in it. Ardiuno
take the input from the sensor and compare to stored result and program and give signal
to regarding relay of that actuator and actuator get operated because of relay and output
signal of Ardiuno
Temperature measurement with the help of LM-35. LM-35 is directly calibrated with
degree Celsius. Than it directly connected with analog

input pin of ardino. Ardino

compare that signal with the set point and according to that switching on or off fans
takes place
In water supply loop we use of level switches for maintaining the level of water in tank
Maintain water level of that small tank because of maintain the fresh water in tank. The
level switch gives always digital output so we connected that pin to digital input of
Ardiuno .and according to program and set point actuator (pump, solenoid valve ) get on
Or off . We make the press batten to on or off the feeding system. For weight
manipulation of that feeding

system we make use of weight-cell. It gives analog

output, is signal is not proper so we make the signal conditioning with the help of
instrumentation amplifier to get proper output which given to the analog input pin of
Ardino.

3.Hardware Detail:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Arduino
LCD
Temperature sensor [LM 35].
Level sensor[limit switch].
Weight sensor[load cell].
Cooling fan.
Pump.
Solenoid valve.
DC motor

ARDUINO
The Arduino/Genuino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM
outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator,
a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega 2560
board is compatible with most shields designed for Arduino/Genuino Uno and the
former boards Duemilanove or Diecimila.

10

The Arduino/Genuino Mega 2560 is an update to, which it replaces. The

ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for
the bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written
with the EEPROM the mapping between Arduino pins and Atmega2560 ports:
Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or output, using
pin Mode(), digital Write(), and digital Read() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each
pin can provide or receive 20 mA as recommended operating condition and has an
internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 k ohm. A maximum of 40mA
is the value that must not be exceeded to avoid permanent damage to the
microcontroller.
In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX); Serial 1: 19 (RX) and 18 (TX); Serial 2: 17 (RX) and
16 (TX); Serial 3: 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX)
TTL serial data. Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega16U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.

External Interrupts: 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5), 19 (interrupt

4), 20 (interrupt 3), and 21 (interrupt 2). These pins can be configured to trigger
an interrupt on a low level, a rising or falling edge, or a change in level. See the
attachInterrupt() function for details.

PWM: 2 to 13 and 44 to 46. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite()
function.

SPI: 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS). These pins support SPI

communication using the SPI library. The SPI pins are also broken out on the
ICSP header, which is physically compatible with the Arduino /Genuino Uno and
the old Duemilanove and Diecimila Arduino boards.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is
HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
11

TWI: 20 (SDA) and 21 (SCL). Support TWI communication using the Wire
library. Note that these pins are not in the same location as the TWI pins on the
old Duemilanove or Diecimila Arduino boards.

Specification
Microcontroller

ATmega2560

Operating Voltage

5v

Input Voltage

7-12V

Input Voltage

6-20V

Digital I/O Pins

54

Analog Input Pins

16

DC Current per I/O Pin

40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin

50 mA

Flash Memory

256 KB of which 8 KB

SRAM

8 KB

EEPROM

4 KB

Clock Speed

16 MHz

12

Pin out

Fig. Pin Diagram of ARDUINO

13

LCD

Fig. LCD
Pin No

Function

Name

1
2
3
4

Ground (0V)
Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V 5.3V)
Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor
Selects command register when low; and data register when high

Ground
Vcc
VEE

Low to write to the register; High to read from the register

Register
Select
Read/write

Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given

Enable

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Backlight VCC (5V)

DB0
DB1
DB2
DB3
DB4
DB5
DB6
DB7
Led+

Backlight Ground (0V)

Led-

8-bit data pins

14

Temperature sensor [LM 35]

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature devices with an output voltage
linearly- proportional to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 device does
not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of C at room
temperature and C over a full 55C to 150C temperature range. Lower cost is assured by
trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The low-output impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration of the LM35 device makes interfacing to readout or control circuitry
especially easy. The device is used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies.
As the LM35 device draws only 60 A from the supply, it has very low self-heating of less than
0.1C in still air. The LM35 device is rated to operate over a 55C to 150C temperature range,
while the LM35C device is rated for a 40C to 110C range (10 with improved accuracy).
The LM35-series devices are available packaged in hermetic TO transistor packages, while the
LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D devices are available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The
LM35D device is available in an 8-lead surface-mount small-outline package and a plastic
TO-220 package.

Features
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Calibrated Directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10-mV/C Scale Factor
0.5C Ensured Accuracy (at 25C)
Rated for Full 55C to 150C Range
Suitable for Remote Applications

Level sensor[limit switch]

15

Limit switch is digital type sensor output of sensor is digital 0 and 1 then it do not
required external calibrated circuit so we connected that pin to digit a linput of
Arduino.
it is electromechanical sensor it consist actuator is connected with link when object
is contact with actuator give output.

Features
1. Operating frequency- 30 operations/minute max.
2. Operating temperature- -30 to 70 C
3. Insulation voltage- 300v

Weight sensor[load cell]

16

Features

1.
2.
3.
4.

Selection of output speed of measured values up to 1200 measured values/sec.

Automatic zero tracking (2 %)
Automatic zero on start-up (2 %...20 %)
Trigger functions (internal level pre-/post- triggering, external pre-/post-

5.
6.
7.
8.

triggering)
Diagnostic function
Operating voltage 10 V...30 VDC
Galvanically isolated power supply
Galvanically isolated control inputs and outputs

Cooling fan

17

Features
1. Rated Voltage 12 VDC
2. Operational Voltage 8 - 13.5 VDC
3. Input Current 0.09 amp
4. Input Power 1.08 watt
5. RPM 3000 10%
6. Speed Control Type
7. Signal Output Frequency Generator (FG)
8. Max. Air Flow 0.43 m3/min
9. At Zero Static Pressure 15.02 CFM
10. Max. Air Pressure 2.31 mm-H2O
11. At Zero Flow 0.09 inch-H2O
12. Accoustical Noise 25 (28 max.) dB-A

18

Pump
The centrifugal pump is commonly found inside a submersible fountain pump and
some air conditioning units. As the impeller inside it turns, water is drawn in one
side of the pump. It is then expelled out the other end. The power and size of the
impeller decide the amount of water flow. More water can be pumped if we have a
larger impeller. As the impeller rotates, it moves water from the inlet (which is
located near the center of rotation of the impeller) along the surfaces of the impeller
to the outer portions of the volute by means of centrifugal force (thus, its name
centrifugal pump). As this water collects in the outer regions of the volute, it is
directed to the outlet. The water leaving the outlet causes the water pressure to drop
at the inlet. To match the rate with which water is leaving the outlet, the pump sucks
in new water at the inlet. These pumps must be primed before starting, which in this
case is already done because of its underwater application.

Features
1. Power- 1/4 HP
2. Voltage- 230AC
3. Current- 3A

19

Solenoid valve
A solenoid valve is a combination of two basic functional units: A solenoid
(electromagnet) with its core A valve body containing one or more orifices Flow through
an orifice is shut off or allowed by the movement of the core when the solenoid is
energized or de-energized. ASCO valves have a solenoid mounted directly on the valve
body. The core is enclosed in a sealed tube, providing a compact, leak tight assembly.
These 12-Volt DC electric solenoid valves with barbed inlet and outlet ports are great
for projects! These types of valves are often used for automatic faucets, foot operated
faucets, drinking fountains etc. However, they work great for almost any project
requiring a 3/4" solenoid valve.

Features
1. Normally closed
2.

voltage- 12VDC

3. Max current- 450mA

4. Max Operating temperature- 120 C

20

DC motor
Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is
accomplished by an electric motor. Electric machines are a means of
converting

energy.

Motors

take electrical

energy and produce

mechanical energy. Electric motors are used to power hundreds of

devices we use in everyday life. Motors come in various sizes.
Huge motors that can take loads of 1000s of Horsepower are typically
used in the industry. Some examples of large motor applications
include elevators, electric trains, hoists, and heavy metal rolling mills.
Examples of small motor applications include motors used in
automobiles, robots, hand power tools and food blenders. Micromachines are electric machines with parts the size of red blood cells,
and find many applications in medicine.
Electric motors are broadly classified into two different
categories: DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current). Within
these categories are numerous types, each offering unique abilities
that suit them well for specific applications. In most cases, regardless
of type, electric motors consist of a stator (stationary field) and a rotor
(the rotating field or armature) and operate through the interaction of
magnetic flux and electric current to produce rotational speed and
torque. DC motors are distinguished by their ability to operate from
direct current.

21

Features
1. voltage- 12v
2. Voltage range- 6-18v
3. Max speed-(rpm)-9820

22

interface:LM35 Interfacing

Temperature measurement with the help of LM-35. LM-35 is directly calibrated with
degree Celsius. Than it directly connected with analog input pin of ardino.

23

Limit Switch Interfacing

In water supply loop we use of level switches for maintaining the level of water in tank.
Maintain water level of that small tank because of maintain the fresh water in tank. The
level switch gives always digital output so we connected that pin to digital input of
Ardiuno

24

Load cell interface

We built a system that uses eight air-clamping cylinders (McMaster-Carr
62185K64) to push down on a piece of glass to seal it to a sidewall. A number of times,
the glass has cracked. So, this project is an attempt to come up with an inexpensive way
of measuring how many pounds of force the cylinders are exerting. The sensor that we
want to use is a load cell (an arrangement of strain gauges). The specific load cell that
we're using is the FX 1901 Compression Load Cell . We bought ours from Mouser for
$30. Load cells only make a very small change in voltage, so you have to use an
instrumentation amplifier to increase the voltage to something we can use.
The specific instrumentation amplifier that we're using is the Burr-Brown
INA125 Instrumentation Amplifier. This also came from Mouser and cost just under $6.
The fastest way to hook everything together and see if it would work was to use an
Arduino board and use the computer for readout. These boards can be purchased for
around $30. Here is a basic schematic of what we were trying to do. Here is how
everything looked hooking up all the part

25

Lcd Interfacing

Output Device Interfacing

26

voltage

Cooling fan

Solenoid valve

DC motors

Pump

12Vdc

12Vdc

12Vdc

230Vac

27

ADVANTAGES:-

1. Increase the productivity of milk

2. Increase the fat of milk

3.

Mantence the good health of cow

28

Conclusion:This project maintains the health of the cows, clean the cowshed and maintain it. and the
great benefit from our project is to increase milk production to great extend.

29

References:

G.H. Schmidit, L.D. Van Vleck, M.F. Hutjens, Dairy cattle housing, in:
Principles of Dairy Science, 2nd ed.

M. Samer,Effect of Cowshed Design and Cooling Strategy on Welfare and

Productivity of Dairy Cows

low cost automatic water level control for domestic applications

Design of Low-cost Autonomous Water Quality Monitoring System

M. Samer Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,

Cairo University, El-Gammaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt Effect of Cowshed
Design and Cooling Strategy on Welfare and Productivity of Dairy Cows

www.pacontrol.com

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