CHAPTER

CHAPTER

23

Transformations III

4.

Paper 2
1.

y
4

y
4
2

A
4

(2, 1)

5.

4
2

(5, 3)

y=2

(5, 1)
4

6.

y
8

P (5, 1)

The coordinates of the image = (5, 1)

3.

4
2

y
x=1
J

(3, 5)

F
2

(4, 3)

x=1

R T (5, 3)

The coordinates of the image = (3, 1)

0
2

A T (2, 1) T (3, 1)

2.

4
(3, 1)

P (4, 3) Q (3, 5)

The coordinates of the image = (3, 5)

1

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

7.

(iii)
A R (11, 12)

y
4

(b) (i)

2
4

2
4

P (11, 4)

4
R

y=x

12

10

8.

6
R

2
(0, 1)

4
P

(a) Translation =

10

12

14

16

(b) V is an enlargement about point (4, 1)

with scale factor 2.
(ii) Area of G = k2 area of E

= 22 24

= 96 m2

Q
5

(a) U is a reflection in the line y = x.

4
(4, 1)

5
5

2. (a)

(b) Centre of enlargement = (0, 1)

(2, 7)

(4, 7)

6
4

Paper 2

1. (a)
y

12
10
y=8

90

A B

A

10

12

x=3

(i) (6, 2) T (4, 7)

(ii) (6, 2) R (0, 2) T (2, 7)

(II)
W is an enlargement about point E
with scale factor 3.
14

16

(ii) Area of EHJL = k2 area of EFGD

= 32 34.5

= 310.5 unit2

Area of the shaded region = 310.5 34.5

= 276 unit2

(i)
A T (9, 8)
(ii)
A P (6, 7) T (9, 6)
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(b) (i) (I) V is a rotation of 180 about point D.

A

2
0

(6, 2)

(0, 2)

Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

3. (a)

(b) (i)

y
x=3

2
0

D
2

(i)
G(5, 1) R (1, 1) T (2, 3)
(ii)
G(5, 1) V (0, 4) R (6, 4)

(a)
W is a reflection in the line AB.

(b)
U is an enlargement about centre
(1, 2) with scale factor 3.

(ii)
W is an enlargement about point K with
scale factor 3.

(ii) Area of FGHJA = k2 area of ABCDE

= 32 52

= 468 m2

(c) Area of KLMN

= k2 area of ABCD

= 32 12

= 108 m2

Area of the shaded region

= 108 12
= 96 m2

Area of the shaded region

= 468 52
= 416 m2

5.

y
4
Q''

Q'

90

90
6

6
A A

2
P'

E
2

(a) (i) P R P(2, 1)

(ii) (I) Q T (0, 0) T Q(3, 2)

90
4

4
2

(1, 2) 2

(b) (i) U is a reflection in the line x = 1.

4. (a)

A B
2

90
2

G
6

(i)
A(5, 1) T (2, 3) T (1, 5)

(II)
Q R

(3, 0) T Q(6, 2)

(b)

y
8
Q

(ii)
A(5, 1) R (1, 3) T (2, 5)

x=2

6
K
4

E
H

S
4

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

(i) (I) V is a reflection in the line x = 2.

(i)
P is a reflection in the line y = 2.
Therefore, h = 2

(II)
W is an enlargement about point
(1, 4) with scale factor 3.

(ii) (I) (3, 1) T (5, 0)

(II) (3, 1) R (1, 1) T (1, 2)

(ii) Area of PQRS = 32 area of JKLM

116.1 = 9 area of JKLM
116.1

Area of JKLM =
9
= 12.9 m2

(b)

y
x = 1
M

Area of the shaded region

= 116.1 12.9
= 103.2 m2

6. (a)
6

(0, 5)

(2, 2)

(i) (I) V is a reflection in the line x = 1.

4
6
(4, 1)

(II)
W is an enlargement about point A with
scale factor 1 .
2

(ii) Area of ABCD = 1 1 2 area of AEFG

2
1
22.5 =
area of AEFG
4

Area of AEFG = 4 22.5

= 90 cm2
Area of the shaded region = 90 22.5

= 67.5 cm2
2

(i) (4, 1) T (2, 2)

(ii) (4, 1) R (3, 6)
(iii) (4, 1) T (2, 2) T (0, 5)
(b) (i) (I) X is a reflection in the line x = 1.

(II)
Y is an enlargement about point C with

scale factor 3.

(ii) Area of ABCD = k2 area of EFCG

= 32 area of JKLM

= 9 15

= 135 cm2

Paper 2

Area of the shaded region = 135 15

= 120 cm2

7. (a)

1. (a)

y
(1, 5)

y
(6, 5)

2
(1, 1)

0
2

x
4 (5, 0) 6
(6, 1)

(1, 2)

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(1, 1)

(3, 1)
2

y=3

y=2

(0, 2)

6
4

4
2

(3, 6)

B
K

(i)
A T (1, 5)
(ii)
A T (1, 5) R (1, 1)

Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

(b)

y
E

A
4

3. (a)

2
M

(ii) Area of PQR = k2 area of TSR

= 22 5

= 20 cm2

P (2, 5)

(b) (i) U is a reflection in the line PTR.

V is an enlargement about point R with scale
factor 2.

6
4

(1, 1) T (2, 1)

y
6

V is a reflection in the x-axis.

W is a reflection in the y-axis.

(1, 2)

DE
(ii) Scale factor =
AB
6

=
3

=2

(iii) Area of DEF = k area of ABC

= 22 10

= 40 cm2
2

(7, 4)
y=3

(c) (i) The centre of enlargement is (0, 0).

(4, 5)

(1, 4)

(i) (1, 2)

(ii) (1, 2)

(iii) (1, 2)

(b) (i)

Q
Q

(7, 2)

(5, 2)
4

(1, 4)

P (5, 2)
P (7, 2) Q (7, 4)
(1, 4)

y
12

10

2. (a)

4
(1, 3)

6
y=2

2
(1, 1)
0
2

(2, 1)
2

4
x

(i) (1, 1)

P (1, 3)

(ii) (1, 1)

P (1, 3) T (2, 1)

(iii)

2
0
2

G
2

(7, 1)
6

10

AF
(I) Scale factor =
HG
6

=
3

=2

y=2

4
2
(2, 1)

(2, 5)

(1, 1)

(II) The centre of enlargement is (7, 1).

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

(ii)

Area of hexagon ABCDEF

= k2 area of the shaded hexagon
= 22 16
= 64 cm2

5. (a)

y
6

Area of the unshaded region = 64 16

= 48 cm2

y
(3, 4)

2
(1, 1)

(1, 4) H (6, 5)

(iii) (2, 2) H (4, 2) K (2, 5)

(b)

y
x=1
6

8
6

6
R

V
4

2
S

Q
2

(ii) Area of Q = k2 area of P

= 32 16

= 144 units2

6.

y
T

(i)
J is a reflection in the line x = 1.
K is an enlargement about point (2, 2) with
scale factor 4.

M (2, 1) L

(ii) Area of STU = k area of PQR

= 42 21

= 336 cm2
2

2
A

Q
0

B
2
C

P
R
2 E
y = x

4
G

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(i)
R is a reflection in the line x = 1.
T is an enlargement about point (0, 6) with
scale factor 3.

(2, 2)

2
W

10

(1, 4)

(ii) (2, 2)

(ii) (1, 3) R (1, 1) T (3, 0)

x = 1

(i) (2, 2) K (4, 1)

(i) (1, 3) T (3, 4)

(b)

4
y=1

(1, 3)

(3, 0)
2

(4, 2)

2
(2, 2)

(6, 5)

(1, 3)
(4, 1)

4. (a)

(2, 5)

Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

(a) T

4
3

(ii)

(2, 1)

(b) (i) V is a clockwise rotation of 90 about the

origin.
(ii)
W is a reflection in the y-axis.

y=3

(iii)
Z is a reflection in the line y = x.

(c)

2
A

2 E

A'

7. (a)

(2, 6)

y=3

(II)
A

(2, 5)

(III)
G T (2, 6)

The single transformation is a rotation of

180 about point (0, 3).

8. (a)

(6, 6)

(4, 5)

(i) (I) C T (4, 6)

Q

153
Area of EFGH =
9
= 17 units2

A
0

(ii) Area of JKLM = k2 area of EFGH

153 = 9 area of EFGH

(b) (i) W is an enlargement about point (2, 6) with

scale factor 3.

(2, 5)

y
(4, 6) (2, 6) 6

F
(0, 3) J

U is a reflection in the line x = 1.

W is an enlargement about point E with scale
factor 2.

C'

C
4

x=1

(2, 6)

P (2, 6)

(2, 3)
(1, 1)

y = x

(i) (2, 3)

(3, 2)

Q
Q

(3, 2)

(3, 2) T (1, 1)
(iii) (2, 3) T (6, 6) P (4, 5)
(ii) (2, 3)

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

(b) (i) W is an enlargement about point A with

scale factor 3.

10. (a)

4
2

y
6

(3, 5)
(3, 3)

(3, 1)

(1, 1)
0

Q
(3, 3)
(ii) (1, 3) R (3, 1)
Q
(1, 1) P (3, 5)
(iii) (1, 3)

0
2
4

R
E

B
4

y
(1, 6)

6
F

(3, 6)

(6, 5)

4
2

D
(1, 0)
2

(i)
D(2, 3), E(2, 1), F(6, 1)

Area of DEF
(ii)
= 22
Area of ABC

=4

(i) (6, 5)

(ii) (6, 5)

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x=3

(i) (2, 2) E (4, 2)

(ii) (2, 2) E (4, 2) F (2, 8)
(iii) (2, 2) F (2, 6) G (5, 4)

11. (a)
A

Area of quadrilateral QRST = 243 27

= 216 units2

(ii) Area of PRS = k2 area of PQT

= 32 27

= 243 units2

y
4

(b) (i) X is a rotation of 180 about point T.

Y is an enlargement about point P with scale
factor 3.

(i) (1, 3) R (3, 1)

(b)

(4, 2)

(2, 2)

(1, 3)

(5, 4)

y=x

(2, 6)

Area of the shaded region = 202.5 22.5

= 180 m2
9. (a)

(2, 8)

(ii) Area of AEFG = k2 area of ABCD

= 32 22.5

= 202.5 m2

y=3
(2, 2)
2

P (6, 1)

(6, 1)
4

P (6, 1) Q (3, 6)
Q
(1, 6) P (1, 0)
(iii) (6, 5)

Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

(b) (i) (I) X is a rotation of 180 about point O.

(b)

(II)
Y is an enlargement about point O with

scale factor 3.

y
6

(ii) Area of OLMN = k2 area of OHJK

= 32 9

= 81 cm2

y
6
(1, 5)

(c)

(2, 1)
4

(5, 1)

4
2
O

V
E
(2, 2)

14. (a)
y

x
14

12
(5, 11)

10

(c) Area of RTUV = k2 area of PQRS

= 22 12

= 48 m2

(7, 2)

(ii) (I) F G (4, 8) H (4, 8)

(II)
Y G (7, 2) H (1, 2)

A is a clockwise rotation of 90 about point

(2, 2).
B is an enlargement about point (3, 1) with scale
factor 2.

13. (a) (i)

(1, 2)

(i)
G is an enlargement about point (1, 2) with
scale factor 3.
H is a reflection in the line x = 4.

(3, 1)

(0, 4)

S R
P

reflection

x = 4(4, 8)

F
G

Q
2

(6, 4)

8
S

(6, 4)

(i)
Q Y (2, 6)
(ii)
G Z (2, 1)
(iii)
S Z (5, 1) Y (1, 5)

translation

J

(2, 6)

(b)

Area of the shaded region = 81 9

= 72 cm2
12. (a)

(0, 4)

III

180

(6, 6)

II

The coordinates of the centre of rotation are

(2, 3).

(ii) The angle of rotation = 180

10

12

14

The coordinates of the image of point G are

(5, 11).
(ii)
V is a rotation of 180 about point (6, 6).
2
.
W is the translation
5

(i)

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 23

1
(RT) h = 7.5
2
1
5 h = 7.5
2
7.5 2

h =
5
= 3 cm

H = 3h
= 3 3
= 9 cm

PQ
(b) (i) Scale factor =
ST
12
=
4
=3

RQ
(ii)
= 3
RT

RQ = 3 RT
= 3 5
= 15 cm

TQ = RQ RT
= 15 5
= 10 cm
(iii)
R
S

5 cm
4 cm

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12 cm

10

Hence, the perpendicular distance from P to

RQ is 9 cm.