CHAPTER

CHAPTER

27

Probability II

2
6. P (picking a black ball) = 1
5
3
=
5
Answer: C

Paper 1
1. P(picking an English book)
6
=
6+8
3
=
7
Answer: B

1
7. P(picking a brown envelope) = 1
4
3
=
4

2. Let the number of boys be x.

x
P(choosing a boy) =
total number of students
4 =
x

7
42
4 42
x =
7
= 24

1 represents 6 envelopes.

4
3 represents 6 3 = 18 envelopes.

4
Hence, the number of brown envelopes is 18.
Answer: C

8. P(picking a brown plastic chair)

5
3
= 1
14
7
5
6
= 1
14
14
3
=
14

Answer: C
18
3. P(picking a red ball) =
x
2 =
18

9
x
9 18
x =
2
= 81

Answer: A
4
2
9. P(the match is a draw) = 1
11
11
5
=
11
Answer: B

Answer: D
4. P(drawing a 30-sen stamp)
8
=
4+7+8+5
1
=
3

10. P(picking a student taking part in the camp)

2
=1
5
3
=
5

Answer: A
65
5. P(choosing a fresh egg) =
h
65
5
=

7
h
65
7
h =
5
= 91

Total number of students in the Science stream

5
= 45
3
= 75
Answer: C

Answer: C
1

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

5. n(S) = 12
A = {cards with even numbers and greater than 6}
= {8, 10, 12}

Paper 2
1. Let B be boy and G be girl.

1st pupil 2nd pupil

B1

B2

(B1, B2)

B1

(B2, B1)

B1

(G, B1)

(B2, G)

P(the card is an even number and greater than 6)

3
=
12
1
=
4

(B1, G)

B2

n(A) = 3

Outcomes

(G, B2)

B2

6. n(S) = 10
B = {marbles with prime numbers or odd numbers}
= {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
n(B) = 6

Hence, the possible outcomes

= {(B1, B2), (B1, G), (B2, B1), (B2, G), (G, B1), (G, B2)}
2.

1st card

2nd card
E

(S, E)

(S, T)

(E, S)

(E, T)

(T, E)

P(the number on the marble is a prime or odd number)

6
=
10
3
=
5

Outcomes

(T, S)

Paper 1

Hence, the possible outcomes

= {(S, E), (S, T), (E, S), (E, T), (T, S), (T, E)}
3.

1. Total number of pens

7
= 16
4
= 28

Box Q
3

P(picking a red pen)

4
=
28
1
=
7

2
1
M

Box P

Hence, the possible outcomes

= {(M, 1), (M, 2), (M, 3), (A, 1), (A, 2), (A, 3),
(T, 1), (T, 2), (T, 3), (H, 1), (H, 2), (H, 3)}

P(picking a pen which is not blue)

= P(picking a red pen or a black pen)
1
4
+
=
7
7
5
=
7

4. Let R be red ball and G be green ball.

1st ball

2nd ball

R
G1
G2
n(S) = 6

Outcomes

G1

(R, G1)

(G1, R)

G2
G2
R

G1

Answer: D

(R, G2)

2. P(choosing a girl) =

(G1, G2)

20
=
20 + y

160 =
5y =

y =

(G2, R)

(G2, G1)

P(both of the balls are of different colours)

4
=
6
2
=
3

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Answer: B

5
8
5
8
100 + 5y
60
12

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

3. Let x be the number of red marbles.

1
P(choosing a red marble) =
4
x
1
=

12 + 9 + x
4
4x = 12 + 9 + x
3x = 21

x = 7

6. P(choosing a boy from the Science stream)

20
=
20 + 30 + 18 + 16
20
=
84
= 5
21
Answer: A

P(choosing non-black marble)

9+7
=
12 + 9 + 7
16
=
28
4
=
7

7. Let x be the number of fiction books.

5
P(picking a fiction book) =
13
x
5

=
48 + x
13
13x = 240 + 5x
8x = 240

x = 30

Answer: C

Answer: C

4. Let the number of black markers taken out be x.

Before taking out the black markers:

8. The number of girls

= 60 35 10
= 15

Number of blue markers

2
= 40
5
= 16

P(choosing a girl)
15
=
50
3
=
10

After taking out the black markers:

16 + x
P(picking a blue marker) =
40
16 + x =
5

40
8

8(16 + x) = 5 40

128 + 8x = 200
8x = 200 128
72
x =
8
= 9

Answer: C
9. Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 8, 14 and 16
5
P(choosing a multiple of 2) =
11
Answer: B

Answer: C

2.
10. 4 pens represent
9

5. Let x be the number of red apples.

5
P(picking a red apple) =
8
x
5

=
9+x
8

2
1 =
3
6 pens represent 6
9
4
9
P(choosing a red pen)
2
3
=1
9
9
4
=
9

8x = 45 + 5x
3x = 45

x = 15
Answer: B

Answer: C

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

2. (a) (i) Sample space, S

= {(Alif, Hana), (Ezul, Hana), (Ken, Hana),
(Alif, Ezul), (Alif, Ken), (Ezul, Ken)}

Paper 2
1.

Box A

Box B

Outcomes

P
3
4
Q

P
3
4
Q

(Y, P)
(Y, 3)
(Y, 4)
(Y, Q)

P
3
4
Q

(2, P)
(2, 3)
(2, 4)
(2, Q)

(ii) Let A = Event that two boys are chosen

= {(Alif, Ezul), (Alif, Ken),
(Ezul, Ken)}
n(A)

P(A) =
n(S)
3
=
6
1
=
2

(X, P)
(X, 3)
(X, 4)
(X, Q)

(b) (i)
Boys

Alif

Sample space, S = {(X, P), (X, 3), (X, 4), (X, Q),

(Y, P), (Y, 3), (Y, 4), (Y, Q),

(2, P), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, Q)}
n(S) = 12

Ezul

Ken

(a) Let G = Event of getting both cards labelled

with a letter

= {(X, P), (X, Q), (Y, P), (Y, Q)}

Siva

P(G) = n(G)
n(S)
4
=
12
= 1
3

Outcomes

Hana

(Alif, Hana)

Ling

(Alif, Ling)

Raha

(Alif, Raha)

Hana

(Ezul, Hana)

Ling

(Ezul, Ling)

Raha

(Ezul, Raha)

Hana

(Ken, Hana)

Ling

(Ken, Ling)

Raha

(Ken, Raha)

Hana

(Siva, Hana)

Ling

(Siva, Ling)

Raha

(Siva, Raha)

Sample space, S
= {(Alif, Hana), (Alif, Ling), (Alif, Raha),
(Ezul, Hana), (Ezul, Ling), (Ezul, Raha),
(Ken, Hana), (Ken, Ling), (Ken, Raha),
(Siva, Hana), (Siva, Ling), (Siva, Raha)}
(ii) Let B = Event that both librarians from
class Q are chosen

= {(Siva, Ling), (Siva, Raha)}

(b) Let H = Event of getting at least one card

labelled with a number

= {(X, 3), (X, 4), (Y, 3), (Y, 4), (2, P),
(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, Q)}

P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
2
=
12
1
=
6

P(H) = n(H)
n(S)

= 8
12
= 2
3

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Girls

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

3. (a)

First spin

Second spin
E

4. (a)

Outcomes

Box X

EE

EF

EG

EH

FE

FF

FG

FH

GE

GF

GG

GH

HE

HF

HG

HH

(b) (i) Let A = Event that the pointer stops at the

same sector twice

= {(EE), (FF), (GG), (HH)}

P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
4
=
16
1
=
4

Box Y

Outcomes

(2, 3)

(2, 4)

(2, 7)

(3, 3)

(3, 4)

(3, 7)

(5, 3)

(5, 4)

(5, 7)

(6, 3)

(6, 4)

(6, 7)

(9, 3)

(9, 4)

(9, 7)

Sample space, S = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 7), (3, 3),
(3, 4), (3, 7), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 7), (6, 3), (6, 4),
(6, 7), (9, 3), (9, 4), (9, 7)}

(b) (i) Let A = Event of getting both cards labelled

with odd numbers

= {(3, 3), (3, 7), (5, 3), (5, 7), (9, 3),
(9, 7)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
6
=
15
2
=
5

(ii) Let B = Event that the pointer stops at the

sector F at least once

= {(EF), (FE), (FF), (FG), (FH),
(GF), (HF)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
7
=
16

(ii) Let B = Event of getting one card labelled

with an even number and the other
card labelled with a prime number

= {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 7), (3, 4), (5, 4),
(6, 3), (6, 7)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
7
=
15

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

5. (a)

1st card

2nd card

Outcomes

13

2
4
5

12

Paper 1

14

1. P(drawing a non-RM5 note)

7+4
=
7+2+4
11
=
13

15

1
3
4
5

21
23
24
25

1
2
4
5

31
32
34
35

1
2
3
5

41
42
43
45

1
2
3
4

51
52
53
54

Answer: B
2. P(choosing a non-excellent result student)
14 + 6
=
10 + 14 + 6
20
=
30
2
=
3
Answer: D
3. The numbers with factor 4 are 8, 12, 4, 16 and 24.
P(choosing a number with a factor 4)
5
=
15
1
=
3

Sample space, S
= {12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, 31, 32, 34,
35, 41, 42, 43, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54}

Answer: C

(b) (i) Let A = Event that the number begins

with 2

= {21, 23, 24, 25}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
4
=
20
= 1
5

4. The numbers whose sum of digits is equal to 5 are 50,

32, 14, 23 and 41.
P(choosing a number whose sum of digits is equal
to 5)
5
=
12
Answer: D

(ii) Let B = Event that the number consists of

two even digits or two odd digits

= {13, 15, 24, 31, 35, 42, 51, 53}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
8
=
20
= 2
5

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

5. P(drawing a blue card)

4+8
=
4 + 8 + 7 + 11
12
=
30
2
=
5
Answer: B

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

10. Let the number of Science books be x.

x
P(choosing a Science book) =
60 + x
x
1

=

4
60 + x
4x = 60 + x
4x x = 60
3x = 60
60
x =
3
= 20

6. P(choosing a letter that is for company A)

6 + 14
=
6 + 14 + 12 + 18
20
=
50
2
=
5
Answer: A
7. The number of Science students
= 24 + 6
= 30

Answer: B

P(picking a Science student)

30
=
24 + 76
30
=
100
3
=
10

11. P(picking a blue ball)

2
1
=1
7
7
4
=
7
2 represents 18 balls.

7
4 represents 18 2 = 36 balls.

7
Hence, the number of blue balls is 36.

Answer: C
8. Let the number of black beads be x.
Then, the number of white beads is 3x.
x + 3x = 48
4x = 48
48
x =
4
= 12

Answer: C
12. Let the total number of students who play tennis be x.
18
P(student plays badminton) =
6 + 18 + x
18
3

=

8
6 + 18 + x
18
3
=

8
24 + x
18

8
= 24 + x

3
x = 48 24
= 24

P(picking a black bead)

12 + 4
=
48 + 4
16
=
52
4
=
13
Answer: A

Answer: C

9. P(picking a bear toy or orang utan toy)

4+8
=
4+6+8
12
=
18
2
=
3

13. Let the number of blue balls be x.

30
P(picking a red ball) =
30 + x
30
3

=

5
30 + x
5 30 = 3(30 + x)

150 = 90 + 3x

150 90 = 3x
60
x =
3
= 20

Answer: D

Answer: B

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

17. Number of green diskettes

11 84
=
14
= 66

1 represents 8 students.
14.
4
4 represents 8 4 = 32 students.

Number of red diskettes

= 84 66
= 18

P(choosing a student who wears spectacles)

8+4
=
32 + 4
12
=
36
1
=
3

P(picking a red diskette)

18 + 12
=
84 + 12

= 30
96
5
=
16
Answer: D

Answer: D
15. P(picking a green card)
4
1
=1
9
3
2
=
9

18. P(picking a yellow marble)

2
1
=1
7
4
13
=
28

4 represents 48 cards.

2 represents
48 = 24 cards.

9
2

2 represents 16 marbles.

7
8 represents 16 marbles.

28

Hence, the number of green cards is 24.

13 represents
13 16
8 = 26 marbles.

28
28
28
Hence, the number of yellow marbles is 26.

Answer: D
16. Number of students attending Mathematics tuition
4 56
=
7
= 32

Answer: B
19. Let the number of girls who walk to school be x.
10 + x
P(choosing a student who walks to school) =
25 + 15
10 + x
2 =

5
40
2 40 = 5(10 + x)

80 = 50 + 5x
5x = 80 50
30
x =
5
= 6

Number of students attending Science tuition

= 56 32
= 24
P(choosing a student who attend Science tuition)
24
=
56 + 8
24
=
64
3
=
8

Answer: D

Answer: C

(40 15) + n
20. P(choosing a grade-A egg) =
40 + n
25 + n
4
=

40 + n
5

4(40 + n) = 5(25 + n)

160 + 4n = 125 + 5n
5n 4n = 160 125
n = 35
Answer: A

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

2. Let R1, R2 and R3 be red sweets and Y1 and Y2 be yellow

sweets.

21. Number of mango drinks

1
= 80
2
= 40

Rosli

Number of lychee drinks

1
= 80
5
= 16

R1

Number of orange drinks

= 80 40 16
= 24

R2

Answer: C
22. P(choosing a model P motorcycle)
24
=
72
1
=
3

R3

P(choosing a model R motorcycle)

5
1
= 1
18
3
7
=
18

Y1

Answer: D

Y2

Paper 2
1. (a)

White dice

6
5
3
2

Event A

1
3 4 5
Black dice

R1
R3
Y1
Y2

(R2, R1)
(R2, R3)
(R2, Y1)
(R2, Y2)

R2
R3
Y1
Y2

R1
R2
Y1
Y2

R1
R2
R3
Y2
R1
R2
R3
Y1

(R1, R2)
(R1, R3)
(R1, Y1)
(R1, Y2)

(R3, R1)
(R3, R2)
(R3, Y1)
(R3, Y2)
(Y1, R1)
(Y1, R2)
(Y1, R3)
(Y1, Y2)
(Y2, R1)
(Y2, R2)
(Y2, R3)
(Y2, Y1)

(a) Let A = Event that both get red sweets

= {(R1, R2), (R1, R3), (R2, R1), (R2, R3),
(R3, R1), (R3, R2)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
6
=
20
= 3
10

Outcomes

Sample space, S = {(R1, R2), (R1, R3), (R1, Y1), (R1, Y2),
(R2, R1), (R2, R3), (R2, Y1), (R2, Y2),
(R3, R1), (R3, R2), (R3, Y1), (R3, Y2),
(Y1, R1), (Y1, R2), (Y1, R3), (Y1, Y2),
(Y2, R1), (Y2, R2), (Y2, R3), (Y2, Y1)}

n(S) = 20

Event B

Aliman

(b) (i) Let A = Event that the total score is 6

P(A) = 5
36

(b) Let B = Event that both get sweets of different

colours

= {(R1, Y1), (R1, Y2), (R2, Y1), (R2, Y2), (R3, Y1),
(R3, Y2), (Y1, R1), (Y1, R2), (Y1, R3), (Y2, R1),
(Y2, R2), (Y2, R3)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
12
=
20
= 3
5

(ii) Let B = Event that 3 on black dice and

6 on white dice
P(B) = 1
36

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

3. (a)

1st card

2nd card

T1

T1
A
T2
T1
A
T2

T2

(T1, T1)
(T1, A)
(T1, T2)

P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
5
=
10
= 1
2

(T2, T1)
(T2, A)
(T2, T2)

T1
T2

(b) (i) Let A = Event that both envelopes are of

the same colour

= {(R1, R2), (R1, R3), (W1, W2),
(W1, W3), (W1, W4)}

Outcomes

(A, T1)
(A, T2)

(ii) Let B = Event that at least one envelope is

red

= {(R1, R2), (R1, R3), (R1, W2), (R1, W3),
(R1, W4), (W1, R2), (W1, R3)}

Sample space, S = { (T1, T1), (T1, A), (T1, T2),

(T2, T1), (T2, A), (T2, T2),
(A, T1), (A, T2)}

P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
7
=
10

(b) (i) Let X = Event that both cards are labelled T

= {(T1, T1), (T1, T2), (T2, T1), (T2, T2)}
P(X) = n(X)
n(S)
4
=
8
= 1
2

5. Let J1, J2, J3, J4 and J5 be visitors from Johor and K1,
K2 and K3 be visitors from Kedah.
Group A

(ii) Let Y = Event that one card is labelled T

= {(T1, A), (T2, A), (A, T1), (A, T2)}
P(Y) = n(Y)
n(S)
4
=
8
= 1
2
4. (a) Let R1, R2 and R3 be red envelopes and W1, W2,
W3 and W4 be white envelopes.
Drawer P

R1

W1

Sample space, S =

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Drawer Q
R2
R3
W2
W3
W4
R2
R3
W2
W3
W4

Group B

Outcomes

J1

J3
J4
J5
K2
K3

J2

J3
J4
J5
K2
K3

(J2, J3)
(J2, J4)
(J2, J5)
(J2, K2)
(J2, K3)

K1

J3
J4
J5
K2
K3

(K1, J3)
(K1, J4)
(K1, J5)
(K1, K2)
(K1, K3)

Outcomes
(R1, R2)
(R1, R3)
(R1, W2)
(R1, W3)
(R1, W4)

(W1, R2)
(W1, R3)
(W1, W2)
(W1, W3)
(W1, W4)

Sample space, S =

{(R1, R2), (R1, R3), (R1, W2),

(R1, W3), (R1, W4), (W1, R2),
(W1, R3), (W1, W2), (W1, W3),
(W1, W4)}
10

(J1, J3)
(J1, J4)
(J1, J5)
(J1, K2)
(J1, K3)

{(J1, J3), (J1, J4), (J1, J5), (J1, K2),

(J1, K3), (J2, J3), (J2, J4), (J2, J5),
(J2, K2), (J2, K3), (K1, J3), (K1, J4),
(K1, J5), (K1, K2), (K1, K3)}

n(S) = 15

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

(ii) Let B = Event of getting one marble labelled

with L or one marble labelled with
a prime number

= {(L, 3), (L, 5), (L, 6), (O, 3),
(O, 5), (V, 3), (V, 5), (E, 3),
(E, 5)}

(a) Let A = Event that both visitors are from Johor

= {(J1, J3), (J1, J4), (J1, J5), (J2, J3),
(J2, J4), (J2, J5)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
6
=
15
= 2
5

P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
9
=
12
= 3
4

(b) Let B = Event that one visitor is from Johor

and one visitor is from Kedah

= {(J1, K2), (J1, K3), (J2, K2), (J2, K3),
(K1, J3), (K1, J4), (K1, J5)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
7
=
15
6. (a)

Box X
L

Box Y
3
5
6

7. (a)

1st card

2nd card

Outcomes

R
I
T
E

W
I
T
E

RW
RI
RT
RE

W
R
T
E

IW
IR
IT
IE

W
R
I
E

TW
TR
TI
TE

W
R
I
T

EW
ER
EI
ET

Outcomes
(L, 3)
(L, 5)
(L, 6)

3
5
6

(O, 3)
(O, 5)
(O, 6)

3
5
6

(V, 3)
(V, 5)
(V, 6)

3
5
6

(E, 3)
(E, 5)
(E, 6)

Sample space, S = { (L, 3), (L, 5), (L, 6), (O, 3),

(O, 5), (O, 6), (V, 3), (V, 5),

(V, 6), (E, 3), (E, 5), (E, 6)}
(b) (i) Let A = Event of getting one marble labelled
with L and one marble labelled
with a prime number

= {(L, 3), (L, 5)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
2
=
12
= 1
6

WR
WI
WT
WE

Sample space, S = { WR, WI, WT, WE,

RW, RI, RT, RE,

IW, IR, IT, IE,

TW, TR, TI, TE,

EW, ER, EI, ET}

11

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

9. (a)

(b) (i) Let A = Event that the code ends with T

= {WT, RT, IT, ET}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
4
=
20
= 1
5
(ii) Let B = Event that the code consists of two
consonants or two vowels

= {WR, WT, RW, RT, TW, TR, IE,
EI}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
8
=
20
= 2
5
8. (a)

Box P

Box Q
M
N

M
N

(4, M)
(4, N)

M
N

(7, M)
(7, N)

M
N

(8, M)
(8, N)

(2, M)
(2, N)

2
3
7

Outcomes

8
3
7

(2, 8)
(2, 3)
(2, 7)

8
2
7

(3, 8)
(3, 2)
(3, 7)

8
2
3

(7, 8)
(7, 2)
(7, 3)

(8, 2)
(8, 3)
(8, 7)

(b) (i) Let A = Event of getting 2 and 8

= {(8, 2), (2, 8)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
2
=
12
= 1
6
(ii) Let B = Event that the sum of the numbers
is less than 10

= {(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 2), (7, 2)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
4
=
12
= 1
3

Sample space, S = { (2, M), (2, N), (4, M), (4, N),

(7, M), (7, N), (8, M), (8, N)}
(b) (i) Let A = Event of getting a card with a prime
number and the card labelled N

= {(2, N), (7, N)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
2
=
8
= 1
4
(ii) Let B = Event of getting a card with a
number divisible by 2 or the card
labelled M

= {(2, M), (2, N), (4, M), (4, N),
(8, M), (8, N), (7, M)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
7
=
8
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

2nd card

Sample space, S = { (8, 2), (8, 3), (8, 7), (2, 8),

(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 8), (3, 2),

(3, 7), (7, 8), (7, 2), (7, 3)}

Outcomes

1st card

12

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

10. (a) Let B1 and B2 be boys and G1, G2, G3 and G4 be

girls.
1st student
2nd student Outcomes

B1

B2
G1
G2
G3
G4

(B1, B2)
(B1, G1)
(B1, G2)
(B1, G3)
(B1, G4)

B2

B1
G1
G2
G3
G4

(B2, B1)
(B2, G1)
(B2, G2)
(B2, G3)
(B2, G4)

G1

B1
B2
G2
G3
G4

(G1, B1)
(G1, B2)
(G1, G2)
(G1, G3)
(G1, G4)

G2

B1
B2
G1
G3
G4

(G2, B1)
(G2, B2)
(G2, G1)
(G2, G3)
(G2, G4)

G3

B1
B2
G1
G2
G4

(G3, B1)
(G3, B2)
(G3, G1)
(G3, G2)
(G3, G4)

G4

B1
B2
G1
G2
G3

(G4, B1)
(G4, B2)
(G4, G1)
(G4, G2)
(G4, G3)

Let A = Event that both students are girls

= {(G1, G2), (G1, G3), (G1, G4), (G2, G1),
(G2, G3), (G2, G4), (G3, G1), (G3, G2),
(G3, G4), (G4, G1), (G4, G2), (G4, G3)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
12
=
30
= 2
5
(b) Let B1 and B2 be boys and G1 and G2 be girls.
1st student 2nd student Outcomes
B1

B2
G1
G2

(B1, B2)
(B1, G1)
(B1, G2)

B2

B1
G1
G2

(B2, B1)
(B2, G1)
(B2, G2)

G1

B1
B2
G2

(G1, B1)
(G1, B2)
(G1, G2)

G2

B1
B2
G1

(G2, B1)
(G2, B2)
(G2, G1)

Sample space, S = { (B1, B2), (B1, G1), (B1, G2),

(B2, B1), (B2, G1), (B2, G2),
(G1, B1), (G1, B2), (G1, G2),
(G2, B1), (G2, B2), (G2, G1)}

n(S) = 12
Let B = Event that two students are of
different gender

= {(B1, G1), ( B1, G2), (B2, G1), (B2, G2),
(G1, B1), (G1, B2), (G2, B1), (G2, B2)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
= 8
12
= 2
3

Sample space, S = {(B1, B2), (B1, G1), (B1, G2),

(B1, G3), (B1, G4), (B2, B1),
(B2, G1), (B2, G2), (B2, G3),
(B2, G4), (G1, B1), (G1, B2),
(G1, G2), (G1, G3), (G1, G4),
(G2, B1), (G2, B2), (G2, G1),
(G2, G3), (G2, G4), (G3, B1),
(G3, B2), (G3, G1), (G3, G2),
(G3, G4), (G4, B1), (G4, B2),
(G4, G1), (G4, G2), (G4, G3)}
n(S) = 30

13

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

11. (a) Let M1 and M2 be Mathematics teachers, S1 and

S2 be Science teachers and E be English teacher.

(ii) Let B = Event that at least one Science

teacher is chosen

= {(M1, S1), (M1, S2), (M2, S1), (M2, S2),
(S1, M1), (S1, M2), (S1, S2), (S1, E),
(S2, M1), (S2, M2), (S2, S1), (S2, E),
(E, S1), (E, S2)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
14
=
20
= 7
10

1st teacher 2nd teacher Outcomes

M1

M2
S1
S2
E

(M1, M2)
(M1, S1)
(M1, S2)
(M1, E)

M2

M1
S1
S2
E

(M2, M1)
(M2, S1)
(M2, S2)
(M2, E)

M1
M2
S2
E

(S1, M1)
(S1, M2)
(S1, S2)
(S1, E)

M1
M2
S1
E

(S2, M1)
(S2, M2)
(S2, S1)
(S2, E)

M1
M2
S1
S2

(E, M1)
(E, M2)
(E, S1)
(E, S2)

S1

S2

12. (a) Let E1, E2 and E3 be excellent results, G1, G2, G3

and G4 be good results and P be poor result.
Group A

Sample space, S = { M1, M2), (M1, S1), (M1, S2),

(M1, E), (M2, M1), (M2, S1),
(M2, S2), (M2, E), (S1, M1),
(S1, M2), (S1, S2), (S1, E),
(S2, M1), (S2, M2), (S2, S1),
(S2, E), (E, M1), (E, M2),
(E, S1), (E, S2)}

Outcomes

E1

E3
G2
G3
G4

E2

E3
G2
G3
G4

(E2, E3)
(E2, G2)
(E2, G3)
(E2, G4)

G1

E3
G2
G3
G4

(G1, E3)
(G1, G2)
(G1, G3)
(G1, G4)

E3
G2
G3

(P, E3)
(P, G2)
(P, G3)

G4

(E1, E3)
(E1, G2)
(E1, G3)
(E1, G4)

(P, G4)

Sample space, S = { (E1, E3), (E1, G2), (E1, G3),

(E1, G4), (E2, E3), (E2, G2),
(E2, G3), (E2, G4), (G1, E3),
(G1, G2), (G1, G3), (G1, G4),
(P, E3), (P, G2), (P, G3),
(P, G4)}

(b) (i) Let A = Event that a Mathematics teacher

and an English teacher are chosen

= {(M1, E), (M2, E), (E, M1), (E, M2)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
4
=
20
= 1
5

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Group B

14

Mathematics SPM Chapter 27

(b) (i) Let A = Event that both students obtained

excellent results

= {(E1, E3), (E2, E3)}
P(A) = n(A)
n(S)
2
=
16
= 1
8
(ii) Let B = Event that one student obtained
excellent result and another student
obtained good result

= {(E1, G2), (E1, G3), (E1, G4),
(E2, G2), (E2, G3), (E2, G4),
(G1, E3)}
P(B) = n(B)
n(S)
7
=
16

15

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.