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Assessment and Management of Patients

With HIV Infection and AIDS

I. Interpretation, Completion, and Comparison

Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully. Circle your answer.
1. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S. initially and officially defined AIDS after
100 cases were reported in:
a. 1978.
c. 1986.
b. 1982.
d. 1991.
2. According to one study, the greatest number of reported HIV cases were due to:
a. male homosexual contact.
c. female homosexual contact.
b. male injection drug use.
d. female injection drug use.
3. In Canada, reported cases of AIDS in adult females reveal that:
a. 30% used injection drugs.
c. 10% had no sexual contacts.
b. 80% had heterosexual contacts.
d. 40% were over 50 years old.
4. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) medications should be started within _________ after exposure but no
longer than __________ to offer any benefit.
a. 2 hours; 72 hours
b. 4 days; 7 days

c. 1 week; 3 weeks
d. 1 month; 2 months

5. Up to 85% of individuals infected with HIV will develop symptoms of AIDS within ____ years after infection.
a. 3
c. 10
b. 6
d. 15
6. Abnormal laboratory findings seen with AIDS include:
a. decreased CD4 and T-cell count.
c. positive ELISA test.
b.
p24 antigen.
d. all of the above.

Copyright 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer Business. Student Access to thePoint Solution for the Study Guide
for Brunner & Suddarths Textbook of MedicalSurgical Nursing, First Canadian Edition, by Pauline Paul, Rene A. Day, and Bev Williams

261

7. One of the most frequent systemic side effects of anti-HIV drugs is:
a. osteoporosis.
c. lipodystrophy syndrome.
b. hyperglycemia.
d. pancreatitis.
8. The most common infection in persons with AIDS is:
a. cytomegalovirus.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
b. Legionnaires disease.
d. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
9. At least 90% of individuals with AIDS experience:
a. anorexia.
b. candidiasis.

c. diarrhea.
d. fungal infections.

10. The minimum number of daily calories recommended for a 70-kg individual with AIDS-related wasting
syndrome is:
a. 1500.
c. 2800.
b. 2000.
d. 4000.
11. The minimum number of daily protein calories for a 70-kg individual with AIDS-related wasting syndrome
is:
a. 20.
c. 45.
b. 35.
d. 60.
12. The most common malignancy seen with HIV infection is:
a. carcinoma of the skin.
c. pancreatic cancer.
b. Kaposis sarcoma.
d. stomach cancer.
Fill-In. Read each statement carefully. Write your response in the space provided.
1. In Canada, three provinces had the largest number of reported AIDS cases in 2003. They were:
___________________________, ______________________, and ___________________________________.
2. The two major means of HIV transmission are: _______________________ and _______________________.
3. List five types of body fluids that can transmit HIV-1.
___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, and
___________________
4. HIV belongs to a group of viruses known as: __________________________.
5. List two of four selected laboratory tests used for diagnosing and tracking HIV. ____________________ and
___________________
6. Treatment decisions for HIV are based on three criteria: ____________, ____________, and _____________.
7. The four goals of treatment are: _____________________, _____________________, _________________,
and _____________________.
8. All anti-HIV drugs work in one of two ways: ________________________ or ___________________________.
9. The initial manifestation of AIDS in more than 60% of patients is the appearance of: ______________________.
10. A recommended chemotherapeutic agent for Kaposis sarcoma is: __________________________________.

262

Copyright 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer Business. Student Access to thePoint Solution for the Study Guide
for Brunner & Suddarths Textbook of MedicalSurgical Nursing, First Canadian Edition, by Pauline Paul, Rene A. Day, and Bev Williams

Matching. Match the AIDS-indicated category listed in Column II with its associated clinical condition listed in
Column I. An answer may be used more than once.
Column I

Column II

1.___________histoplasmosis

a. Clinical Category A

2.___________hairy leukoplakia

b. Clinical Category B

3.___________Kaposis sarcoma

c. Clinical Category C

4.___________acute primary HIV infection

5.___________pneumocystis carinii
6.___________bacillary angiomatosis
7.___________persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL)
8.___________extrapulmonary crytococcosis

II. Critical Thinking Questions and Exercises

Discussion and Analysis
1. Give specific examples of how health care providers can maintain Standard Precautions to prevent HIV
transmission.
2. Describe the stage of HIV disease known as primary infection.
3. Describe the appearance of the cutaneous lesions seen with Kaposis sarcoma.

Clinical Situations
Read the following case study. Fill in the blanks or circle the correct answer.
CASE STUDY: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Brenden is a 39-year-old homosexual who has been recently diagnosed with AIDS.
1. On initial assessment, the nurse identifies two major potential risk factors associated with AIDS:
______________________ and ______________________.
2. As part of her assessment, the nurse checks Brenden for candidiasis. To do this, she would inspect
Brendens.
a. heart.
c. oral cavity.
b. lungs.
d. skin.
3. Assessment data indicated dehydration as evidenced by:
a. bradycardia.
c. urine specific gravity greater than 1.025.
b. hypertension.
d. urine output greater than 70 mL/hour.
4. The assessment data indicates five possible collaborative problems; list two.
_____________________________ and _____________________________
5. The nurse advises Brenden to avoid certain foods that are bowel irritants to prevent diarrhea. She advises
him not to eat:
a. bland foods.
c. jello and pudding.
b. cooked cereal.
d. popcorn.
6. To improve Brendens nutritional status, the nurse would:
a. encourage him to rest before eating.
c. serve five to six small meals per day.
b. limit fluids 1 hour before meals.
d. do all of the above.
Copyright 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer Business. Student Access to thePoint Solution for the Study Guide
for Brunner & Suddarths Textbook of MedicalSurgical Nursing, First Canadian Edition, by Pauline Paul, Rene A. Day, and Bev Williams

263