This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com).

License Date: 6/1/2010

ASHRAE Research: Improving the Quality of Life

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers is the worlds foremost technical society in
the fields of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration.
Its members worldwide are individuals who share ideas, identify
needs, support research, and write the industrys standards for testing and practice. The result is that engineers are better able to keep
indoor environments safe and productive while protecting and preserving the outdoors for generations to come.
One of the ways that ASHRAE supports its members and industrys need for information is through ASHRAE Research. Thousands of individuals and companies support ASHRAE Research

annually, enabling ASHRAE to report new data about material

properties and building physics and to promote the application of
innovative technologies.
Chapters in the ASHRAE Handbook are updated through the
experience of members of ASHRAE Technical Committees and
through results of ASHRAE Research reported at ASHRAE conferences and published in ASHRAE special publications and in
ASHRAE Transactions.
For information about ASHRAE Research or to become a member, contact ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329; telephone: 404-636-8400; www.ashrae.org.

Licensed for single user. 2010 ASHRAE, Inc.

Preface
The 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration covers the refrigeration equipment and systems for applications other than human
comfort. This book includes information on cooling, freezing, and
storing food; industrial applications of refrigeration; and low-temperature refrigeration. Primarily a reference for the practicing engineer, this volume is also useful for anyone involved in cooling and
storage of food products.
An accompanying CD-ROM contains all the volumes chapters
in both I-P and SI units.
This edition includes two new chapters:
Chapter 3, Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration Systems, describes the
history of this natural refrigerant and why it is the subject of
renewed interest today. The chapter contains discussion and diagrams on CO2 refrigerant applications, system design, equipment, safety, lubricants, commissioning, operation, and
maintenance.
Chapter 50, Terminology of Refrigeration, lists some of the common terms used in industrial refrigeration systems, particularly
systems using ammonia as the refrigerant.
Also new for this volume, chapter titles, order, and groupings
have been revised for more logical flow and use. Some of the other
revisions and additions are as follows:
Chapter 2, Ammonia Refrigeration Systems, has added guidance
on avoiding hydraulic shock, on purging water and noncondensables, as well as on hot-gas defrost and defrost control.
Chapter 6, Refrigerant System Chemistry, has added information
on polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants and corrosion, plus updates
for recent ASHRAE research on copper plating and material compatibility.
Chapter 8, Equipment and System Dehydrating, Charging, and
Testing, has new table data on dehydration and moisture-measuring
methods and a revised section on performance testing.
Chapter 9, Refrigerant Containment, Recovery, Recycling, and
Reclamation, has added a new table comparing sensitivities of
various leak-detection methods and a procedure for receiver level
monitoring.
Chapter 11, Refrigerant-Control Devices, has updated information on electric expansion valves and discharge bypass valves,

Copyright 2010, ASHRAE

plus revised figures on thermostatic expansion valves (TXVs) and

several revised examples.
Chapter 12, Lubricants in Refrigerant Systems, has new content
on pressure/viscosity coefficients, compressibility factors, and
lubricants effects on system performance.
Chapter 17, Household Refrigerators and Freezers, has been reorganized and updated for revised standards and new component
technologies, including variable-speed and linear compressors,
and has information on new configurations and functions, such as
wine cooling units, rapid-chill/freeze/thaw, and odor elimination.
The section on performance evaluation has been revised and integrated with the section on standards.
Chapter 25, Cargo Containers, Rail Cars, Trailers, and Trucks, has
been updated with information on multitemperature compartments and air curtains.
Chapter 38, Fruit Juice Concentrates and Chilled Juice Products,
has added description of storage tank sterilization.
Chapter 44, Ice Rinks, has extensive changes to the section on
heat recovery and updated loads information based on ASHRAE
research project RP-1289.

This volume is published, both as a bound print volume and in

electronic format on a CD-ROM, in two editions: one using inchpound (I-P) units of measurement, the other using the International
System of Units (SI).
Corrections to the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Handbook volumes can
be found on the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org and in
the Additions and Corrections section of this volume. Corrections
for this volume will be listed in subsequent volumes and on the
ASHRAE Web site.
Reader comments are enthusiastically invited. To suggest
improvements for a chapter, please comment using the form on
the ASHRAE Web site or write to Handbook Editor, ASHRAE,
1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329, or fax 678-539-2187, or email mowen@ashrae.org.

Mark S. Owen
Editor