Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ism
Painful bones
(osteoporosis) Renal
stones
Abdominal groans
Psychic moans
Primary: Intrinsic gland
dysfunction
an enlargement of one or
more of the parathyroid
glands causing
overproduction and high
calcium blood levels
(hypercalcemia
Signs
TX
Hyperthyroidism
Graves
Toxic multinodular goiter
Toxic adenoma
TSH Secreting Pituitary
adenoma
excess of parathyroid
hormone in the bloodstream
due to overactivity of one or
more of the body's four
parathyroid glands.
Secondary: Gland
hyperactivity from
hypocalcemia or Vit D
deficiency
result of another disease
that causes low levels of
calcium in the body.
Hypetension
Band Keratopathy
Osteoporosis
Atrophy of proximal muscles
Mental confusion
Elevated serum calcium
levels (fasting)
Increased PTH suggests
primary type due to
parathyroid adenoma or
hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia
Increased PTH suggests
secondary due to chronic
kidney failure which leads
to hypocalcemia, vit D
deficiency
Primary
Surgery
Secondary
Vit D/Calcium
supplementation if
secondary
Treat hypercalcemia if
symptomatic (IV fluids,
furosemide, calcitonin)
Biphosphonates
excess thyroid hormone
Thyrotoxicosis
Accelerates bodys
metabolism
Symptoms
Fatigue
Weakness
Heat Intolerance
Palpitations
Nervousness Emotional
lability
Signs
Skin
Eyes
Cardiovascular
Neuro
Musculoskeletal
Psych/Emotional
Labs/Tests and
Diagnosis
First line tx
Hypothyroidism
Osteoporosis
Types
Hashimotos
Silent (lymphocytic)
Post-partum
De Quervains
Medication induced
Thyroiditis
Signs
Dry coarse skin
Dull facial expression
Husky voice
Delayed deep tendon
reflexes
Reduced body and scalp
hair
Increased weight
Cold intolerance
Symptoms
Weakness, fatigue,
lethargy
Cold Intolerance
Decreased memory
Constipation
Modest weight gain
Depression
Dry skin
Labs
Treatment
Primary
Secondary
Acromegaly
Postmenopausal
Those at risk:
Caucasians, Asians,
thin body habitus,
smoking, steroids,
kidney dz, ETOH use,
low calcium and vitamin
D diets, physical
inactivity
Symptoms/Signs
Often asymptomatic
Pathologic fractures
Spine compression
Back pain
Cushings Syndrome,
thyrotoxicosis
Labs/Diagnosis
TX
Vitamin D
Exercise
Biphosphonate
Selective Estrogen Receptor
Modulator
Estrogen
Calcitonin
Labs
Treatment
Diabetes Insipidus
Description
Defective regulation of
water balance
Causes
Inadequate secretion of
vasopressin from pituitary
Central
Inadequate secretion of
vasopressin from
pituitary gland
Symptoms
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Nocturia
Dehydration
Headache
Visual Disturbance
Labs/Diagnosis
Fluid Deprivation
Desmopressin
Urine
electrolyte levels
Osmolality
Glucose
Treatment