Argead dynasty

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House of Argead
Vergina Sun - Golden Larnax.png
Vergina Sun
Country Ancient Greece
Titles Basileus of Macedonia
Founded 808 BC
Final ruler
Antigonus I Monophthalmus
Dissolution
310 BC
The Argead dynasty (Greek: ???e?da?) was an ancient Greek royal house. They were
the ruling dynasty of Macedon from about 700 to 310 BC. Their tradition, as des
cribed in ancient Greek historiography, traced their origins to Argos, in southe
rn Greece, hence the name Argeads or Argives.[1][2][3] Initially, the rulers of
the homonymous tribe,[4] by the time of Philip II they had expanded their reign
further, to include under the rule of Macedonia all Upper Macedonian states. The
family's most celebrated members were Philip II of Macedonia and Alexander the
Great, under whose leadership, the kingdom of Macedonia gradually gained predomi
nance throughout Greece, defeated the Achaemenid Empire and expanded as far as E
gypt and India. The mythical founder of the Argead dynasty is King Caranus.[5][6
]
Contents [hide]
1 Origin
2 Dynasty
3 References
3.1 Citations
3.2 Sources
4 Further reading
5 External links
Origin[edit]
The route of the Argeads from Argos, Peloponnese, to Macedonia.
The words "Argead" and "Argive" derive (via Latin Argivus[7]) from the Greek ???
e??? (Argeios), "of or from Argos",[8] and is first attested in Homer, where it
was also used as a collective designation for the Greeks ("???e??? ?a?a??", Argi
ve Danaans).[9][10] The Argead dynasty claimed descent from the Temenids of Argo
s, in the Peloponnese, whose legendary ancestor was Temenus, the great-great-gra
ndson of Heracles. In the excavations of the royal Palace at Aegae Manolis Andro
nikos discovered in the "tholos" room (according to some scholars "tholos" was t
he throne room) an inscription relating to that belief.[11] This is testified by
Herodotus, in The Histories, where he mentions that three brothers of the linea
ge of Temenus, Gauanes, Aeropus and Perdiccas, fled from Argos to the Illyrians
and then to Upper Macedonia, to a town called Lebaea, where they served the king
. The latter asked them to leave his territory, believing in an omen that someth
ing great would happen to Perdiccas. The boys went to another part of Macedonia,
near the garden of Midas, above which mount Bermio stands. There they made thei
r abode and gradually formed their own kingdom.[12] Herodotus also relates the i
ncident of the participation of Alexander I of Macedon in the Olympic Games in 5
04 or 500 BC where the participation of the Macedonian king was contested by par
ticipants on the grounds that he was not Greek. The Hellanodikai, however, after
examining his Argead claim confirmed that the Macedonians were in fact Greek an
d allowed him to participate.[13]
According to Thucydides, in the History of the Peloponnesian War, the Argeads we
re originally Temenids from Argos, who descended from the highlands to Lower Mac
edonia, expelled the Pierians from Pieria and acquired in Paionia a narrow strip
along the river Axios extending to Pella and the sea. They also added Mygdonia
in their territory by the expulsion of the Edoni, Eordaea and Almopia expelling

the Eordians and Almopians respectively.[14]

Dynasty[edit]
Argead Rulers
King
Reign (BCE)
Comments
Karanos 808 778 BC
Founder of the Argead dynasty and first King of Macedon
Koinos 778 750 BC
Tyrimmas
750 700 BC
Perdiccas I
700 678 BC
Argaeus I
678 640 BC
Philip I
640 602 BC
Aeropus I
602 576 BC
Alcetas I
576 547 BC
Amyntas I
547 498 BC
Alexander I
498 454 BC
Perdiccas II
454 413 BC
Archelaus
413 399 BC
Orestes and Aeropus II 399 396 BC
Archelaus II
396 393 BC
Amyntas II
393 BC
Pausanias
393 BC
Amyntas III
393 BC
Argaeus II
393 392 BC
Amyntas III
392 370 BC
Restored to the throne after one year
Alexander II
370 368 BC
Ptolemy I
368 365 BC
Perdiccas III 365 359 BC
Amyntas IV
359 BC
Philip II
359 336 BC
Unifier of Greece under the rule of Macedon
Alexander III 336 323 BC
Alexander the Great. The most notable ancient Gr
eek King and one of the most celebrated strategists and rulers of all time. Alex
ander at the top of his reign was simultaneously King of Macedonia, Pharaoh of E
gypt, King of Persia and King of Asia
Antipater
334 323 BC
Regent of Macedonia during the reign of Alexande
r III
Philip III Arrhidaeus 323 317 BC
Only titular king after the death of Ale
xander III
Alexander IV
323 310 BC
Son of Alexander the Great and Roxana. Served on
ly as a titular king and was murdered at a young age before having the chance to
rise to the throne of Macedon
Perdiccas
323 321 BC
Regent of Macedonia
Antipater
321 319 BC
Regent of Macedonia
Polyperchon
319 317 BC
Regent of Macedonia
Cassander
317 306 BC
Regent of Macedonia and founder of the Antipatri
d dynasty
Genealogy of the Argead Dynasty
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Argive, Oxford Dictionaries.
Jump up ^ Hammond 1986, p. 516: "In the early 5th century the royal house of Mac
edonia, the Temenidae was recognised as Greek by the Presidents of the Olympic G
ames. Their verdict considered themselves to be of Greek descent from Heracles s
on of Zeus."
Jump up ^ Howatson & Harvey 1989, p. 339: "In historical times the royal house t
raced its descent from the mythical Temenus, king of Argos, who was one of the H
eracleidae, and more immediately from Perdiccas I, who left Argos for Illyria, p
robably in the mid-seventh century BC, and from there captured the Macedonian pl
ain and occupied the fortress of Aegae (Vergina), setting himself up as king of
the Macedonians. Thus the kings were of largely Dorian Greek stock (see PHILIP (
1)); they presumably spoke a form of Dorian Greek and their cultural tradition h

ad Greek features."
Jump up ^ Rogers 2004, p. 316: "According to Strabo, 7.11 ff., the Argeadae were
the tribe who were able to make themselves supreme in early Emathia, later Mace
donia."
Jump up ^ Green 2013, p. 103.
Jump up ^ According to Pausanias (Description of Greece 9.40.8-9), Caranus set u
p a trophy after the Argive fashion for a victory against Cisseus: "The Macedoni
ans say that Caranus, king of Macedonia, overcame in battle Cisseus, a chieftain
in a bordering country. For his victory Caranus set up a trophy after the Argiv
e fashion, but it is said to have been upset by a lion from Olympus, which then
vanished. Caranus, they assert, realized that it was a mistaken policy to incur
the undying hatred of the non-Greeks dwelling around, and so, they say, the rule
was adopted that no king of Macedonia, neither Caranus himself nor any of his s
uccessors, should set up trophies, if they were ever to gain the good-will of th
eir neighbors. This story is confirmed by the fact that Alexander set up no trop
hies, neither for his victory over Dareius nor for those he won in India."
Jump up ^ Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary, Argivus.
Jump up ^ Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon, ???e??
?.
Jump up ^ Cartledge 2011, Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greec
e is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But
it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since t
he three names that Homer does in fact apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argive
s', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'."
Jump up ^ Homer. Iliad, 2.155-175, 4.8; Odyssey, 8.578, 4.6.
Jump up ^ Andronikos 1994, p. 38: Inscription found in the tholos room of the Ag
ai Palace: "? ep???af? a?t? e??a?: ??????? ????O?O?, p?? s?a??e? st?? ?at??? ??a???,
st?? ??a??? d??ad? p?? ?ta? ?e?????? t?? as?????? ???????e?a? t?? ?a?ed????." [Tr
anslation: "The inscription is: ??????? ????O?O?, which means "Father (Ancestor) H
ercules", dedicated to Hercules who was the ancestor of the royal family of the
Macedonians."]
Jump up ^ Herodotus. Histories, 8.137.
Jump up ^ Herodotus. Histories, 5.22.
Jump up ^ Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War, 2.99.
Sources[edit]
Andronikos, Manoles (1994). Vergina: The Royal Tombs. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon.
ISBN 960-213-128-4.
Cartledge, Paul (2011). Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxfor
d University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960134-9.
Green, Peter (2013) [1991]. Alexander of Macedon, 356 323 B.C.: A Historical Biogr
aphy. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5
2-095469-4.
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprire (1986). A History of Greece to 322 BC. Oxford
, UK: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-873095-0.
Howatson, M. C.; Harvey, Sir Paul (1989). The Oxford Companion to Classical Lite
rature. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866121-5.
Rogers, Guy MacLean (2004). Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. New York: Ran
dom House Publishing Group. ISBN 1-4000-6261-6.
Further reading[edit]
March, Duane A. (1995). "The Kings of Makedon: 399 369 BC". Historia: Zeitschrift
fr Alte Geschichte (Franz Steiner Verlag) 44 (3): 257 282. JSTOR 4436380.
External links[edit]
"Argead Dynasty". Encyclopdia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 April
2008. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
Categories: Ancient Greek familiesArgead dynastyRoyal familiesMythology of Maced
onia (kingdom)9th-century BC establishments in Greece4th-century BC disestablish
ments in Greece
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