UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER1 (2014/2015)

BFC 10202
NATURE CONSERVATION

DR. RADIN MAYA SAPHIRA RADIN MOHAMED

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

NAME

MOHAMMAD ROZAIDI BIN ABDUL RAHIM

MATRIX
NUMBER

CF 140201

SECTION

SEMESTER
YEAR
DATE

1 / 2014/2015
30/10/2014

Biological nutrient removal from meat processing wastewater using a sequencing batch
reactor
INTRODUCTION
This section describes the unit processes that are currently in use or may be used to treat
meat wastewaters. A variety of unit processes are used to provide primary, secondary, and tertiary
wastewater treatment; we can described from the physical and chemical characteristics of meat
wastewater and identified the types of treatment technologies between meat products (e.g
primary treatment for removal of solids, biological treatment for removal of organic and nutrient
pollutants). In this section, the unit processes most commonly used or potentially transferable
from other industries for the treatment of meat wastewaters are described, and typical
combinations of unit processes are outlined.
Wastewater treatment falls into three main categories: (1) primary treatment (e.g.,
removal of floating and settle able solids); (2) secondary treatment (e.g., removal of most organic
matter); and (3) tertiary treatment (e.g., removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, or suspended solids or
some combination thereof). A meat wastewater facility that discharges directly to navigable
waters under the authority of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit typically apply both primary and secondary treatment to generated wastewaters. As
described in the Meat wastewater detailed surveys, many direct dischargers also apply tertiary
treatment to wastewater discharged under the NPDES permit system. Even though pond system
remove a substantial amount of carbon, nutrient removal is limited. Effluent nitrogen from the
biological treatment is in the form of ammonia and nitrate and both can have adverse impacts
when discharged into the environment. Although land irrigation can be used because meat
processing wastewater contains the required nutrients for plant growth, the nitrate infiltration rate
is high through soil and overloading can cause groundwater pollution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a fill-and-draw reactor system that uses one or
more complete mix tanks in which all steps of the activated sludge process occur. SBR systems
have four basic periods: fill (the receiving of raw wastewater), react (the time to complete
desired reaction), settle (the time to separate the microorganisms from treated effluent or by
using microalgae), and idle (the time after discharging the tank and before refilling). Primary
treated wastewater was collected and stored in a refrigerator at 4C. Feeding, mixing, aeration
and decanting were controlled by level controllers and a programmable time control. The
dissolved oxygen concentration was controlled by YSI model 57 DO meter with a YSI 57 probe
and the recorder port connected to the dissolved oxygen switching box. The air flow rate
controlled at 0.10 (L/volume.min). A peristaltic pump fed the influent wastewater for 8 minutes
in each cycle. The solid retention time was kept at 15 days and hydraulic retention time was 2.5
days. The maximum operating volume of the reactor was 15L. The SBR was located in
controlled room with temperature at 22 2C. Typical characteristics or influent and effluent
were measured at regular intervals of time using standard methods (1995). The sludge volume
index was determined with settled sludge volume in 30 minutes in the reactor during settling
period. Nitrate and nitrite nitrogen and soluble phosphate phosphorus were measured using ion
chromatography. Ammonia measured using manual phenate method. After that, total phosphorus
measured by ascorbic acid method after nitric and sulphuric acid. Reactor performance during
one cycle was monitored when the reactor was operating under quasi steady-state. Inert chemical
oxygen demand fraction of wastewater origin and biomass origin, readily biodegradable
chemical oxygen demand and maximum specific growth rate of autotrophs will determine in
batch test using acclimated sludge. For inert soluble chemical oxygen demand from wastewater
origin and biomass were determined by method outlined (Orhon et al 1999). The readily
biodegradable chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater determined by method described by
(Ekama etal 1986). The maximum specific growth rate of autotrophs was measured by concept
of (Sozen et al 1996).

RESULTS
These periods may be modified or eliminated, however, depending on effluent
requirements. The time for a complete cycle is the total time between the beginning of fill and
the end of idle. SBR systems provide high removal of BOD and suspended solids. In addition,
these systems can be designed for nitrification and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. SBR
technology can be used successfully in the treatment of meat processing wastewaters for the
removal of 5-day BOD (BOD5) and nitrogen. SBR offers the advantages of operational and
loading flexibility, high removal efficiency, competitive capital costs, and reduced operator
maintenance (Glenn et al., 1990).
CONCLUSION
The present experimental investigation demonstrated that sequential batch reactor (SBR)
is a variable and efficient biological method to remove biological nutrient from meat wastewater
process. The total react period was yielded remove biodegradable chemical oxygen demand,
ammonia nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus of greater than 99% was achieved in the sequence
batch reactor. The pH level and alkalinity in the SBR descended inversely during initial
anaerobic and aerobic period due to nitrification and carbon oxidation. The data and rate reaction
constants could be used for the design of a field scale SBR for treating meat wastewater. Use of
low level of dissolved oxygen in the final aerobic stage ensured complete removal of ammonia.
The operating cycle is shown to be appropriate to achieve simultaneous removal of chemical
oxygen demand and nutrients from meat processing wastewater. A design rationale can be
evaluated on the basis of present experimental data for the purpose of application of this
technology in similar plants. The outcome that we can get from the results would be helpful for
making a design rationale for SBR treatment of meat wastewater and student can be conducted
with real-life wastewater sample by application of derived data of present study. In the future
scope of the study, microbial genomics study including phosphate removal aspects would be also
considered. The influence of solid retention time (SRT) should be explored also. It is also
suggested that optimization of the process and operation variable may be examined with soft
computing tools using various statistical approach.