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WEDNESDAY,DECEMBER12,2012

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[G.R.No.179743,August02,2010]
HADJAFATIMAGAGUILMAGOYAG,JOINEDBYHERHUSBAND,
HADJIHASANMADLAWIMAGOYAG,PETITIONERS,VS.HADJI
ABUBACARMARUHOM,RESPONDENT.
Facts:
RespondentHadjiAbubakarMarahumsoldtoPetitionerHadjiFatimaMagoyagacertain
twostorey market stall located in the public market of Marawi City. The sale was
evidenced by a Deed of Assignment which also stated that although there was a sale,
possession will remain with the seller Hadji Maruhom and that he will pay a monthly
rental. However, after several years Hadji Maruhom suddenly stopped paying rentals.
Petitionerdemandedpaymentbutrespondentfailedtofulfillhispromiseandrefusedto
vacate the premises. On August 22, 1994 petitioner filed a complaint for recovery of
possessionanddamageswiththeRTCofMarawiCity.
Issue:DidtheDeedofAssignmentprovetheexistenceofasale?
Isthesalevalid?

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Decision:TheDeedofAssignmentisaclearindicationthatthetransactionwasreallyof
a sale and not of a loan with an equitable mortgage. The language in the document is
crystalclear,unambiguousandneedsnofurtherinterpretation.
However,thevalidityofthesaleliesnotwiththeinterpretationofthecontract.Thesale
was ultimately declared as invalid because the respondent, Hadji Maruhom is not the
owneroftheproperty.RecordsshowthatitisthecityofMarawiwhoownedtheproperty
andasameregrantee,hewasexpresslyprohibitedfromselling,donatingorotherwise
alienatingthesaidpropertywithouttheconsentofthecitygovernment.Violationofthe
conditionshallautomaticallyrenderthesale,nullandvoid.
Onecannotgivewhatonedoesnothave.Nemodatqoudnonhabet.

[G.R.No.131679,February01,2000]
CAVITEDEVELOPMENTBANKANDFAREASTBANKANDTRUST
COMPANY,PETITIONERS,VS.SPOUSESCYRUSLIMANDLOLITA
CHANLIMANDCOURTOFAPPEALS,RESPONDENTS.
Facts:
RodolfoGuansingobtainedaloanfromCaviteDevelopmentBank(CDB)andofferedas
securityhisrealestateproperty.Forfailingtopayhisloanthepropertywasforeclosed
andtitlewasissuedinthenameofCDB.
NowherecomesLolitaChanLim,therespondentonthiscasewhoofferedtobuythe
propertyfromCDB.Mrs.LimpaidP30,000.00asoptionmoneyandwasissuedreceipt
byCDB.However,Mrs.Limlaterdiscoveredthatthetitleofthepropertyisbeing
disputedbyPerfectoGuansing,thefatherofthemortgageeRodolfoGuansing.Infact,in
aseparatecaseitwasdeclaredthatRodolfofraudulentlysecuredtitletothesaid
mortgagedpropertyandtitletoitwasrestoredtoPerfecto.Thedecisionhassince
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THELAWONSALESBLOG:ozoa

becomefinalandexecutory.
AggrievedbywhatsheconsideredaseriousmisrepresentationbyCDBanditsmother
companyFEBTC,ontheirabilitytosellthesubjectproperty,filedanactionforspecific
performanceanddamageagainstpetitioners.
Issues:WasthesalebetweenCDBandMrs.Limperfected?
IsCDBliablefordamges?
Isthesalevalid?
Decision:Contractsarenotdefinedbythepartiestheretobutbytheprinciplesoflaw.In
determiningthenatureofacontract,thecourtsarenotboundbythenameortitlegivento
it by the contracting parties. In the case at bar, the sum of P30,000.00, although
denominated in the offer to purchase as option money is actually in the nature of
earnestmoneyordownpaymentwhenconsideredwiththeothertermsoftheoffer.
ItisbecausewhenMrs.Limofferedtobuythepropertythe10%socalledoption
moneyformspartofthepurchasepriceascontemplatedunderArt.1482oftheCivil
Code.Itisclearthenthatthepartiesinthiscaseactuallyenteredintoacontractofsale,
partiallyconsummatedastothepaymentoftheprice.
CDBcannotinvokethedefensethatitisamortgageeingoodfaith.Itonlyappliesto
privateindividualsandnottobankinginstitutions.Theycannotbeexcusedfromtheduty
ofexercisingtheduediligencerequiredofbankinginstitutions.Itisstandardpracticefor
banks,beforeapprovingaloan,toinvestigatewhoaretherealownersthereof.Bankingis
affectedwithpublicinterestthatiswhytheyareexpectedtoexercisemorecareand
prudencethanprivateindividuals.
ConsideringCDBsnegligenceitisthereforeliablefordamages.
Astoitsvalidity,thedoctrineofNemodatquodnonhabetapplies.Onecannotgive
whatonedoesnothave.Thesellernotbeingtheownerthesaleisvoid.

Postedbyrsbat7:48PM
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