Bit Selection

Bit selection
Slide 1
2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Learn how bit selection is performed in Schlumberger
Learn bit selection workflow in PTECs high tier projects
Learn principles of bit selection at rig site
Slide 2
Bit Selection in Schlumberger
Slide 3
Traditional Bit Selection Process
Art, usually based on experts

view
Feature oriented:
Limitations:
Impossible to anticipate:
Gage pad geometry
Manage depth of cut
Bit Profile
Make up length
Slide 4
Vibrations
Dogleg capabilities for a given
BHA
Bit aggressiveness
Durability of the bit
Effect on BHA behavior
That Smith Bit on Location, how was it chosen?

Offset
Performance
Formations
(DBOS)
Sent to rig
Customer
Ok ($)
IDEAS
Modeling
Hyd. and
T&D
Slide 5
D&M DE

Offset
Performance
Formations
(DBOS)
Sent to rig
Customer
Ok ($)
IDEAS
Modeling
Hyd. and
T&D
Slide 6
D&M DE
Offset Performance
Most basic bit selection, based upon:
Dull Condition
Measures bit aggressiveness for formations

Indicates impact due to vibration/transitional drilling
Evidence of vibration
BHA as reason to pull, may indicate lack of directional
control
Interval length
ROP
Slide 7
Offset Performance - Limitations
Limited information about formation each bit drilled

Limited or no information about vibrations
Guess on how stable the bit will be for the application
Guess on the directional capabilities of the bit
Slide 8
Application of Roller Cone Bits
9
Top hole sections, large sizes, soft formation

Conglomerates / Gravel
Short intervals where PDC are not cost effective
Clean out runs, clean out junk
Drill outs (less likely these days)
Low cost operations where PDC are not cost effective

Presence of pyrite, chert ( risk of breaking PDC cutters)
Some laminated formations - hard/soft
Steerable Motor applications where tool face control is issue
Hard & abrasive formations where diamond bits/turbines
not cost effective
Some carbonates where PDC are not cost effective
Roller Cone Anatomy - Internal
Grease
Reservoir
Grease
Long lube hole
Secondary
(Inner)
Bearing
Primary
(Outer)
Bearing
Secondary
Seal
Primary
Seal
10
Ball Hole
Ball Bearings
(Cone Retention)
Seals
Major Bearing Types

Roller Bearing
Friction Bearing
Typically used in large bit sizes
Typically used in small bit sizes
Also referred to as Anti-Friction

bearing
Also referred to as Journal bearing
Roller Cone Assembly
Application of Roller Cone Bits - Agressiveness
+
+
Soft Formations
13
Insert count
Insert extension
Offset
+
Hard Formations
Bit Offset
Definition of Offset:
...the horizontal distance between
the axis of the bit and a vertical
plane through the axis of the
journal.
Smith Bits measures offset in
inches
Very Soft formations
(aggressive) typically 3/8
Very Hard formations (durable)
typically 1/32
Slide
14
Roller Cone have limited bearing life - Reliability Graph

Bit A has better reliability
100%
80%
Reliability
Bit B
Bit A
0%
200
400
Krevs
600
800
1000
Application of PDC Bits - Agressiveness
+
+
Blade count
Cutter size
Junk Slot Area
Hard Formations
Soft Formations
M419
16
+
-
M613
M1016
Cutter Size
Various different Sizes (diameters)
Size defined in millimeters
Common Sizes
9, 11, 13, 16, 19, 22
Larger Diameter = More Aggressive Bit
Sharp Radius of
Curvature
Blunter Radius of
Curvature
Cutter Chamfer
Improves fracture resistance of
diamond table
Typical value 0.010 0.016 x
45degrees
Too much will reduce ROP in hard
rock
Too little makes cutter fragile
Bit balling risk mitigation

A6
Junk Slot Area
A5
A1
A4
A2
A3
Total JSA=SUM(A1:A6)
Maximize Junk slot area

One nozzle per blade or more, usually located close to the center of the bit
PDC Gauge Configurations

Available Gauge Configurations
Standard
Undercut
Tapered
Active
Standard Gauge
Typically used in nondirectional applications

(vertical, tangent intervals)
3 DLS or less
Gauge Pad within

API tolerance
Undercut Gauge
Used in directional
applications
Used to maintain vertical
4 - 6 DLS
Customer preference
Gauge Pad typically

.050-0.100 under
nominal diameter
Tapered Gauge
Used for directional

applications
4 - 6 DLS
Minimizes drop tendency in
tangent intervals
Customer preference
1 Typ.
0.6 Typ.
Gauge Pad typically begins with

1 pad length within API
tolerance, then tapers (angle) to
decrease final gauge pad
diameter
Active Gauge
PDC gauge cutters

with exposure
This feature is not endorsed by

Smith Bits
**Available on customer request
Originally designed for RSS Push

the Bit Drive systems.
Side cutting capability can induce
torque leading to lateral and
torsional vibration. Can induce bit
whirl and stick slip.
Bit Profile Types

Soft
Tend to Whirl
Most common
Long Parabolic
Medium Parabolic
Short Parabolic
Flat
Weak on the Shoulder
Weak on the Shoulder

Hard
Back Rake
Low back rake
High back rake
Softer formations
More aggressive
Harder formations
Less aggressive
30
10
Cone:
Nose:
Shoulder :
Trimmers:
15-20 deg
20-25 deg
20-25deg
25-45deg
Make-Up Length
Axial distance from bit
face to the make up face
Bits with small make-up length

are preferable as they require
less side force or time to achieve
the required DLS
Not a selection criteria for EoM
Drilling Mechanics
How does a Bit Drill?
Roller Cone Bits
Chipping/Crushing, or Gouging/Scraping
PDC Bits
Shearing
Natural Diamond & Impregnated Bits
Grinding
28
Roller Cone Mechanics

Gouging-Scraping
Soft formations
Most Aggressive Cutting Action
Typically high ROP applications
Like using a shovel in the garden
Slide
29
Gouging-Scraping Example
Slide
30
2012 Schlumberger.
All rights reserved.
Roller Cone Mechanics

Chipping-Crushing
Hard formations
Most Durable Cutting Action
High WOB to fracture rock
Typically low ROP applications

Like... using a hammer and chisel
Slide
31
Chipping-Crushing Example
Slide
32
2012 Schlumberger.
All rights reserved.
PDC Mechanics
PDC Bits drill by shearing the
rock
Rocks typically fracture more
easily with shear loading (less
energy, WOB)
Most efficient cutting action
Polycrystalline
Diamond
Compact
33
Natural Diamond Mechanics

Natural Diamond Bits drill by
ploughing and grinding the rock
Normally require higher RPM for
better performance (e.g.: high
speed motor or turbine)
34
Content
Anatomy of fixed cutter and roller cone bits
Nomenclature
Drilling mechanics
Application
36
IADC Roller Bit Classification Chart
37
TCI Roller Cone Nomenclature

SOFT
Prefix
00
99
Cutting Structure Features

FHi
23
ODPS
FHi23ODPS
FHi67D
GT40
TD41H (IADC 417)
FHi90OD
HARD
38
Smith Bits PDC Nomenclature

M = Matrix material
S= Steel material
i = IDEAS Design
Example: MAi916LPX
Cutting
Structure
Features
A = ARCS
D = Directional
S = SHARC
No letter = Std Bit
Feature (Z:
Stinger)
16 = Cutter Size / mm
(09,11,13,16,19,22)
9 = Blade number
(3 through 16)
L = Managed Depth of Cut

MDi1013BPX
Prefix + XXXX + Suffixes
MDi
1013
BPX
Application PDC vs. Roller Cone

Roller Cone
Common Advantages
PDC
Low upfront cost

Low torque
Stable steerable motor tool face
Common Disadvantages
Risk of losing cones, monitor total
revolutions for seal life
Source of Axial vibrations, bit
bounce
Common Advantages
Faster ROP
Long Runs replacing several Roller
Cone bits
Higher upfront cost but more cost
per foot effective
Create high torque
Prone to Slip-Stick (use MDOC)
40
Application PDC vs. Roller Cone

Roller Cone
Common Advantages
PDC
Low upfront cost

Low torque
Stable steerable motor tool face
Risk of losing cones, monitor total
revolutions for seal life
Source of Axial vibrations, bit
bounce
Common Advantages
Faster ROP
Long Runs replacing several Roller
Cone bits
Higher upfront cost but more cost
per foot effective
Create high torque
Prone to Slip-Stick (use MDOC)
41
Offset Performance Workflow (conventional wisdom)

Short
run?
Start
No
Consider more
Yes
blades, smaller
cutters, adjust
cutter selection
Wear
> 50%
No
Slide 42
Consider
same bit or
less blades
bigger cutters
Yes
Wear >
50%
Yes
No
Consider
same bit
No
Yes
No
TF
issues
?
Risk of
balling?
Increase blade count, >=1

nozzle per blade*+ABC**
Adjust cutter selection
Yes
Increase Blade
count/ reduce cutter
size/adjust cutter
selection
Offset Performance (Contd)

SR
1
6
RSX192HF
RSX519M
RSX519MB2
HYC
MRS89PX
MDI516HPX
S988BHPX
2
SDI419HSBPX
GEO
RSX519MB2
RSX519M
SDI519HSBPX
MDI516HPX
S988BHPX
1
HYC
SDI419HSBPX
GEO
4
10
What is the fastest and longest run SW(Vortex)/SR (RSS) /S (S.motor)?
0.0
10.0
3000
20.0
4000
30.0
5000
6000
40.0
7000
50.0
8000
60.0
9000
70.0
10000
Average of DepthIn
Slide 43
Average of drilled_depth_msr_d
Average of rop_msr_d
Count of well_number_txt
ROP(ft/hr), # of Runs
Depth (ft)
2000
RSX519MB2
S988BHPX
0
1000
HYC
SDI419HSBPX
GEO
SW
MRS98PX

Exercise 1:
MDi516 drilled 3000ft @ 50ft/hr: 0/1/WT/S/X/I/NO/TD
What bit would you recommend to improve performance?

Exercise 2:
MDi516 drilled 150ft @ 10ft/hr: 1/5/RO/S/X/I/NO/PR
Slide 44

Exercise 3:
M519 drilled 1500ft @ 70ft/hr: 0/1/WT/S/X/I/NO/BHA (tool

face control)

Exercise 4:
M813 drilled 1500ft @ 35ft/hr: 0/0/NO/S/X/I/NO/PR
Slide 45

Exercise 5:
M816, 3000ft @ 20ft/hr
What bit would you

recommend to improve
performance?
Slide 46

Exercise 6:
MSi616, 7000ft @
100ft/hr (pull at TD)
What bit would you

recommend to improve
performance?
Slide 47
DRS: Source of offset performance data

Used by:
Product Engineers
Technical Support Engineers
Design Engineers
Sales Engineers
Management (market share)
Slide 48
DRS History/Evolution 25 years

IBM
Estab. May 1985
50% Recs to 1983
Progress
BRDB
DRS
End IBM Mainframe 1993

Dev Oracle BRDB - 1996
Oldest Rec @1975

Hughes Lawsuit Dec 1985
Release BRDB - 1998

Add Neyrfor - 2005
Add Smith Services - 2008
Original Data Entry:

3 Shifts/24 hrs
10,000 Bit Recs /month (peak)
Est. to have saved Smith
$300,000,000 in damage claims
Well Chronicle
Add:
Surf Equip/RCDs,
Smith Completions/Liner Hanger Jobs
July - 2010
Life of the Customers Well Asset

Life Cycle Tracking in the DRS
Permitting
Drilling
Rig Up
Rig Down
Completion
Production
Work-over
Re-complete
Production
Rig Up
Plug & Aban.

Rig Up
Smith
Bits
Hole Enlargement
LWD/MWD
Directional
Motors/Turbodrills
Rotary Steerables
Jars/BHA
Stabs/Roller Reamers
Tubulars
Surface Equip.
Optimization Svcs.
Smith
Liner Hangers
Completion Strings
Flow Subs
Packers
Casing Hardware
Smith
SideTracking
Window Milling
Anchors
Whipstocks
Mills/Cutters
Smith
P&A
Casing Recovery
DRS Today
July 2013
Well Headers
1,433,922
Permits/Intents (ave)
254,613
Wells Completed
935,820
BHA Runs
4,192,297
Param lines(24 hr data) 5,523,710
Bit Field Run Records
105,050
Turbodrill Jobs/Runs
2,830/8,032
Under-Reamers J/R
4,230/11,847
SideTrack Jobs/Runs 3,743/12,169
Liner Hanger Runs
254
RCD Jobs/Seal Runs
26/93
Registered Users
Stand-alone Laptop Dbs
Copy Databases
1742
200
@250
Bits
TurboDrills
Under-Reamers Whips/Sidetracks -
1985
2005
2008
2008
Surface Equip/RCDs July, 2010

Roller Reamers
Motors (expanded)
Fixed Hole Openers
Liner Hangers
51
Remember.Offset Performance - Limitations

Slide 52

Offset
Performance
Formations
(DBOS)
Sent to rig
Customer
Ok ($)
IDEAS
Modeling
Hyd. and
T&D
Slide 53
D&M DE
Formation characteristics and bit selection

DBOS: Drill Bit Optimization System
Most complete system for bit selection based upon
Unconfined Compressive Rock Strength
Built to asses the best bit type based upon formation
properties
Slide 54
Objectives of DBOS Analysis
Formation Characterization
Optimum Bit Cutting Structure
Other Bit Design Features
Hydraulic Requirements
Gauge Protection
DBOS Limitations

Slide 56
DBOS Formation Characterization

Calculate Unconfined Compressive Rock Strength
(UCMPS)
Determine formation abrasion index. This index
indicates the level of gauge protection and/or the need
to adjust drilling parameters
Assessment of cutter impact based on the rate of
change in rock strength from ft to ft. High impact
zones can be related to destructive vibration and the
need to modify drilling parameters to prevent
unnecessary bit wear.
Formation Analysis
Lithology (Matrix) & Porosity
Gamma Ray
Sonic DT
Bulk Density
Neutron Porosity
Resistivity
Composite/Mud Log
DBOS Formation Abrasion Index
The DBOS Abrasion Index is

based on the combination of
the % of quartzitic rocks at
each depth step (ft or m)
and the determined rock
strength for that ft.
Thus potential abrasion can
be assessed across a range
of rock strengths, in soft and
harder rock.
Alternative methods using
Angle of Internal Friction, tend
to only be effective in higher
strength rocks.
DBOS Formation Impact Index
The DBOS Impact Index is

based on the rate of change in
rock strength from ft-to-ft (ft or
m).
Impact Events are assessed
from both soft-to-hard (potential
bit whirl) and equally hard-tosoft (potential Slip Stick).
Areas of extensive high impact
events will require specific
vibration reducing technologies
and impact resistive materials.
DBOS Bit Selectors

Rock Bit Selector
Optimal Mill Tooth Bit
Optimal Insert (TCI) Bit
Optimal Insert Type
Abrasion/Gauge Protection
Hydraulic Configuration
Fixed Cutter Bit Selector

Cutter Density/Blade Count
Bit Profile
Hydraulic Design/Junk Slots
Optimal Cutter Size
Abrasion
Impact Risk
Gauge Protection
62
DBOS Bit Selectors

There are three bit selectors: Rock bit, Fixed Cutter and Turbodrill
applications.
Logic for bit selection is based on historical runs as follows:
Bit type
Number of runs
PDC Bits
345
TCI Bits
997
Milled Tooth Bits
348
Impreg Bits
80
Currently being updated, selectors are usually on the conservative side:
DBOS Rock Bit Selector
Insert Type Applications
Diamond
Insert
Chisel
Conical
Gauge Insert Options
DE Chisel
Hydraulic Configuration
Ext. Jets
Mini-Jets
Center Jets
DBOS Fixed Cutter Bit Selector
Bit Profile Configurations
Light
Medium
Heavy
V.Heavy
Flat
Short
Medium
Long
Shallow
Medium
Fishtail
Cutter Characteristics
Impact
Resistant
Abrasion
Resistant
Gauge Protection
Standard Gauge
DEI-TCI
TSP
Remember.DBOS Limitations

Slide 72

Offset
Performance
Formations
(DBOS)
Sent to rig
Customer
Ok ($)
IDEAS
Modeling
Hyd. and
T&D
Slide 73
D&M DE
IDEAS modeling
IDEAS modeling of Drilling System and Bit features to
determine their effect
IDEAS Analysis Request (IAR) Standardized Engineering
Analysis that provides:
Stability
ROP
Steerability
Slide 74
IDEAS modeling Elimination of guess work

Slide 75
What is IDEAS?
IDEAS: Integrated Design and
Engineering Analysis System.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
software modeling of bit and
drillstring
Utilizes bit rock interaction data
derived from lab testing
Predicts Vibrations
Directional Prediction
Calculates Stresses
Estimates rate of penetration
What is IDEAS? (contd)
Runs in powerful workstations

Based on complex mechanical calculations
Simulates entire drillstring from bit to surface.
What is IDEAS? (contd)
Ability to simulate transitional drilling

Variables considered within IDEAS
Smith Cutting structures

Formation Effects
Overbalance
Hole size, wellbore trajectory, tortuosity
BHA and drive type
Parameters
Eccentricity of components
Fixed cutter cutting structure wear.
IDEAS The backbone of dynamic predictions

Drilling Applications Support
Product Development
Support
Sales and
Operations
Group, ASE
IAR and IAP

Services
Product Engineering
Group
i-DRILL
Service
Product
Engineering
IDEAS FEA Modeling
IDEAS Lab
Engineering Design Models
What is i-DRILL ?
i-DRILL is a service that delivers engineered
system designs that:
Minimize Vibrations and Slip-Stick
Improve directional performance of bit and BHA
Improve ROP
Provided by a group of engineers running IDEAS

on high end LINUX boxes.
Current IDEAS limitations
Simulations performed at depths of interest (From DBOS)

480 revs of pipe on surface:0.5ft to 4ft MD (UCMPS)
Time and hard drive space
Hole Cleaning
Poor bit hydraulics
Wellbore stability
Poor Down hole tool Quality control
Hydraulic forces
Stuck Pipe
Capabilities - Transitional Drilling
Proving conventional wisdom wrong!

Video courtesy of i-DRILL
Capabilities: Matching Bits and Motors

High Speed
Speed
Capabilities: Vortex vs. Rotary
Using Vortex reduces torque and mitigates lateral vibration in this application
24
Capabilities: Effect of bit wear (PDC)

New Bit
86
Worn Bit
Capabilities: Compare HEWD options
Capabilities: Investigate MWD Failures
Drill Collar
Flex Drill Collar
Cross section of top MWD Lateral Vibration (g)
88
Capabilities: Investigate BHA Failures
89
Capabilities: Stabilizer Geometry
Capabilities: Multiple Underreamers
Effect of Parameters
Maps of Parameters i-DRILL
WOB & RPM Sensitivity Plot

40
10.92
13.17
15.70
18.47
21.22
23.69
Stable
35
8.86
11.23
13.64
15.92
17.96
20.44
Torsional
30
9.82
9.50
11.38
13.01
14.98
17.15
Lat-Tor
25
6.08
7.63
9.18
10.63
12.19
13.85
20
4.77
5.96
7.15
8.43
9.66
10.90
15
3.46
4.29
5.26
6.17
7.08
7.88
10
2.22
2.81
3.48
4.05
4.65
5.28
1.11
1.42
1.64
1.98
2.34
2.58
80
100
120
140
160
180
ROP values show n above, maximum ROP for stable conditions = 7.88 ft/hr
93
10/19/2015
Capabilities: Asses wellbore quality
Logging data showed

Spiral has 11 12 threads
per 10 meter (spiral pitch
~3ft). Appears very regular
throughout well.
Depth (m)
Hole spiral is predicted by IDEAS with

similar pitch
94
Data courtesy of i-DRILL R&D
What is IAR, IAP and IAD?

IAR: Ideas Analysis Request, IAP: IDEAS Analysis Project, IAD:
Ideas Analysis Directional
Provide Field Engineers and Sales with IDEAS simulation outputs:
Acceleration
Torque
DWOB
DRPM
ROP
Commonly used to select the best cutting structure for an application

No interpretation is provided.
IAR/IAP/IAD
Slide 96
What data is needed?
Sonic, GR, mud logs to characterize formations - DBOS

Final BHA (options OK).
Planned surveys (90ft ok)
MW, and Type, PV, YP good to have
Bit records (usually from customer, bit types & parameters)
Vibration data to rule out poor performing bits/BHAs
If a directional analysis: Formation dip & strike.
Slide 97
IAR Outputs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Lateral Acceleration (g)

Lateral Force (klb)
Axial Acceleration
Axial Force (Downhole WOB)
Table Torque = Surface Troque
Bit Torque = Total Torque
Bit RPM
98
10/19/2015
Bit A MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
Side View
Top View
Bit B MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
Side View
Top View
2
nom
2 tap
Lateral Acceleration (Zoomed)
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
nom
2 tap
Analysis 2: 4921.5ft / 15klbs / 130rpm / Steering / TFA10

Trout Creek Sandstone 10-15kpsi UCS
Lateral Force (Zoomed)
MDi513HWUBPX
BOM 64790A0101
2
MDi513HWUBPX
BOM 64790A0101
2
nom
2 tap

Axial Acceleration (Bit Bounce)
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
nom
2 tap

Axial Force (WOB)
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
nom
2 tap

RPM
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
nom
2 tap

Surface Torque (Torsional Vibration)
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
MDi513LUPX
BOM 64732A0102
2
nom
2 tap

Bit Torque (Torsional Vibration)
MDi513HWUBPX
BOM 64790A0101
2
MDi513HWUBPX
BOM 64790A0101
2
nom
2 tap

Data in Box Whisker Plot

(20.0 - 239.0 revs)
2
nom
2 tap
MDi513LUPX
BOM64732A0102
Box Whisker Data
MDi513LUPX
BOM64732A0102
Lat. Disp. Uy(in) (min / max)
-0.054
0.005
-0.050
0.007
Lat. Disp. Uz(in) (min / max)
-0.069
-0.002
-0.074
-0.003
Lat. Acc. Ayz(G) (25% / MED / 75%)
0.501
0.817
1.430
0.394
0.658
1.089
Lat. Force(klbf) (25% / MED / 75%)
0.553
0.579
0.605
0.550
0.575
0.600
Axial Acc. Ax(G) (25% / MED / 75%)
0.017
0.038
0.074
0.016
0.034
0.063
Bit WOB (klbf) (25% / MED / 75%)
14.978
15.021
15.065
14.983
15.020
15.059
Table Dri. Tor. (klbf-ft) (25% / MED / 75%)
3.253
3.274
3.297
3.257
3.276
3.301
Total Torque (klbf-ft) (25% / MED / 75%)
2.422
2.441
2.461
2.426
2.443
2.464
RPM (revs/min) (25% / MED / 75%)
129.184
129.909
130.942
129.215
129.986
130.889

IDEAS Calculation ROP
MDi513LUPX (BOM 64732A0102)
38.09 ft/hr
MDi513LUPX (BOM 64732A0102)
38.13 ft/hr
MDi513HWUBPX (BOM 64790A0101)
53.79 ft/hr
MDi513HWUBPX (BOM 64790A0101)
53.80 ft/hr

AXIAL PLOT
IAP
Output
RPM
140
120
100
80
RPM
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
140
120
100
80
L
L
5 10 15 20
WOB
BHA1
Rotating Mode = No
L
L
L
L
5 10 15 20
WOB
BHA2
Rotating Mode = No
STICK-SLIP PLOT
RPM
140
120
100
80
RPM
J
J
J
J
J
5 10 15 20
WOB
BHA1
Rotating Mode = No
140
120
100
80
J
J
J
J
5 10 15 20
WOB
BHA2
Rotating Mode = No
LATERAL PLOT
RPM
140
120
100
80
110
10/19/2015
RPM
L L
L L
L L
L L
5 10
BHA1
Rotating
L
L
L
L
15
L
L
L
L
20
Mode = No
140
120
100
80
WOB
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
5 10 15 20
WOB
BHA2
Rotating Mode = No
Analyzing IAP Results Stability & ROP

Depth
60.0
50.0
7
6
40.0
30.0
20.3
20.0
22.8
17.8
17.3
3
2
10.0
0.0
MDSi616
MDSi716
MSI619
MSi713
Values
Average of Initial ROP (ft/hr)
Average of Delta RPM
Average of Lateral Accel. (g) Median
Average of Axial Accel. (g) Median
Bit Type
Slide 111
If Stability is the main goal: MDSi616

If ROP is the main goal: MSi619
Av. Lat Acc (g), Av. Axial Acc(g)
Delta RPM, ROP
Average of Lateral Accel. (g) Median Average of Initial ROP (ft/hr) Average of Delta RPM Average of Axial Accel. (g) Median
IAD outputs
Same IAR/IAP outputs plus:
Dogleg
BUR
Walk Rate
Well Diameter
Slide 112
IAD Output: Well Path
MDi419LKHUPX
MDSI616LBPX
BOM 64579C0401
BOM 64475B0001
Analysis 1: 5339ft / 35ft/hr / 130rpm / Steering / TFA0

Leuders Limestone 5-10kpsi UCS
Well Dogleg Severity
MDi419LKHUPX
BOM 64579C0401
MDSI616LBPX
BOM 64475B0001

Well Walk Rate
MDi419LKHUPX
BOM 64579C0401
MDSI616LBPX
BOM 64475B0001

Well Build Rate
MDi419LKHUPX
BOM 64579C0401
MDSI616LBPX
BOM 64475B0001

Well Diameter
MDi419LKHUPX
BOM 64579C0401
MDSI616LBPX
BOM 64475B0001

Summarizing Results (InTouch 5888017)

Average of Build rate (deg/100') Average of Turn rate (deg/100') Average of Lateral (G) Average of Torsional (Kft/lbs) Average of ROP
27.4
30.0
27.3
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
1
0
MDi419LKHUPX
MDSI616LBPX
MDSi616 yields:
+4 % BUR5.0
-36% Lat Vib
0.0
+28% DTQ
Same ROP
Values
Average of Build rate (deg/100')
Average of Turn rate (deg/100')
Average of Lateral (G)
Average of Torsional (Kft/lbs)
Average of ROP
Bit Type
ROP (ft/hr)
IDEAS Predictions and Field Data
Results and Interpretation Is about trends

Actual
120
Predicted
Results and Interpretation - Vibration

It is all about trends, absolute field vibration values matching
should not be performed:
Wellbore instability,
hydraulics, hole cleaning effects are not
simulated
Sampling
Frequency is different
Data processing is different

Sensor location (off center) vs. IDEAS node location
(center)
121

i-DRILL has created a guideline for simulated vibration levels
Methodology compares IDEAS vs. Field trends
This is still a work in progress, feedback is welcome
122

i-DRILL R&D is currently working on a validation project comparing
down hole data:
Frequency of measurement in the same order of IDEAS simulations

outputs ~1000Hz
Processing of data is the same RMS values
Exact location of sensors modeled in IDEAS
123

i-DRILL R&D is cooperating closely with DMM tool developers from
D&M to ensure IDEAS outputs can be compared with measured data in
the future
124
Results and Interpretation - ROP

It is all about trends, absolute field ROP values matching should not be
expected:
Wellbore instability, hydraulics, hole cleaning effects are not

considered
Field overbalance pressure and rock strength are based on offset

information and could/will vary with well location
125
i-DRILL
Vibration & Bending Stress Levels
i-DRILL Drilling Dynamics Guidelines

Average LATERAL
Vibration Level
Bit & Reamer (g)
MWD (g)
Low
<3
<1
Medium
3 <5
1 <3
High
5 <12
Very High
(cutter breakage)
not applicable
SLIP STICK
Bit & Reamer (g)
Low
Medium
12
High
24
Very High
>4
Bit/Reamer /MWD
Stick-Slip Level
INDEX1 (%)
Bending Stress
Level2
Drill Collar (psi)
Low
0-40
Low
6800
Medium
40-60
Medium
> 6800 9000
High
60-80
High
> 9000 13000
Very High
80-100
Very High
> 13000
Severe
>100
1Index
calculated as (P95-P5)/(2 x P50 Downhole RPM), Downhole RPM can be either Bit, Reamer or MWD.
to rotary shouldered connections (Drill collars), these values may be conservative for MWD, RSS and motor
connections. These values dont apply to HWDP and DP connections, 2000lb as a side contact force maximum to prevent tool
joint wear should be used instead..
2Applies
126
12
Average AXIAL
Vibration Level

Offset
Performance
Formations
(DBOS)
Sent to rig
Customer
Ok ($)
IDEAS
Modeling
Hyd. and
T&D
Slide 127
D&M DE
Real Time Optimization
Mechanical Specific Energy

(MSE)
Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE)

Fundamental Principles relate
Rock Strength
Amount of Energy required to destroy rock
Efficiency of rock destruction

Ideal Case
MSE = 15,001 psi
15,000 psi UCS
Specific Energy (SE)

Specific energy is defined as the ratio of energy input to drill/remove
unit volume of rock to the output ROP.
Input energy
Specific Energy =
Output ROP
Note: It is a dimensionless parameter.

Equation for Es :
Es = WOB + 120 x x N x T
AB
AB x ROP
Where :
Es = Specific Energy
AB = Borehole area (in2)
N = RPM
T = Torque (ft-lb)

Minimum specific energy is equal to the unconfined compressive
strength of the rock being drilled i.e:
(ES) = (ESMIN) = (compressive strength)
Note: Max efficiency is reached when
(ESMIN)
= 1
(ES)
Factors influencing SE
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
SPECIFIC ENERGY
LITHO LOGY
RIG CAPABILITY
HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE
BIT DESIGN
AND SELECTION
BEARING
AND SEALS
BHA
OPTIMIZATION
HYDRAULICS
Causes of Inefficiency
Dull / Damaged Bit
Vibration
Inadequate Hole Cleaning
Bit Balling
Bottom Hole Balling
Rig / BHA Limits
Process
Drill-Off Test to determine optimum WOB & RPM
MSE trend will develop while drilling ahead
Should
be observed while bit is sharp and adequate hole cleaning
Calibrate (match) predicted ROP (from offsets) to actual ROP

Most common reason for poor correlation is by using surface
values for WOB & RPM instead of down-hole values.

Surface values do not account for friction.
Monitor Trends
Increase in MSE or mismatch of ROPs
inefficiency!
could indicate a drilling
Determine Founder Point
DOT data showing non-linear response below the minimum

depth of cut and above the founder point

Bit Selection

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Bit Selection

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Bit selection

Bit Selection in Schlumberger

Traditional Bit Selection Process

Art, usually based on experts

Gage pad geometry

Manage depth of cut

That Smith Bit on Location, how was it chosen?

That Smith Bit on Location, how was it chosen?

Measures bit aggressiveness for formations

Offset Performance - Limitations

Limited information about formation each bit drilled

Application of Roller Cone Bits

Top hole sections, large sizes, soft formation

Low cost operations where PDC are not cost effective

Roller Cone Anatomy - Internal

Major Bearing Types

Typically used in large bit sizes

Typically used in small bit sizes

Also referred to as Anti-Friction

Also referred to as Journal bearing

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Roller Cone Assembly

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Application of Roller Cone Bits - Agressiveness

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Roller Cone have limited bearing life - Reliability Graph

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Application of PDC Bits - Agressiveness

Size defined in millimeters

9, 11, 13, 16, 19, 22

Larger Diameter = More Aggressive Bit

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Bit balling risk mitigation

Maximize Junk slot area

PDC Gauge Configurations

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Typically used in nondirectional applications

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Gauge Pad within

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Gauge Pad typically

Used for directional

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Gauge Pad typically begins with

PDC gauge cutters

This feature is not endorsed by

Originally designed for RSS Push

Bit Profile Types

Weak on the Shoulder

Weak on the Shoulder

High back rake

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Bits with small make-up length

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Natural Diamond & Impregnated Bits

Roller Cone Mechanics

Most Aggressive Cutting Action

Typically high ROP applications

Like using a shovel in the garden

2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Roller Cone Mechanics

Most Durable Cutting Action

High WOB to fracture rock

Typically low ROP applications