Synopsis of minor project on

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF
V.A.R.S
Submitted by:Sachin (07596203612)
Sorabh Singh (07496203612)
VibhanshuGautam (05496203612)
Bittu Kumar (05796203612)
Ravi Kant Kumar (11196203612)
Under the supervision of

Mr. K. Ankur
(Asst. Professor MAE)

Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering

Northern India Engineering College
FC 26, Shastri Park, New Delhi
YEAR [2012-2016]

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.N.

TOPICS

PAGE NO

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

COMPONENTS

WORKING

PLAN OF WORK

CONCLUSION

REFRENCES

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THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

ABSTRACT
This project mainly focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of vapour absorption
refrigeration system using LiBr-H2O solution as the absorber and refrigerant pair. Variation in
the performance parameters of the system are studied against various operating temperature
of generator, absorber & condenser. The variation in the circulation ratio, mass flow rate of
the solution with generator temperature and absorber temperature is also studied.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration is defined as the process of maintaining a body at a temperature below that
of the surrounding. The machine which is used to perform this function is called a
refrigeration machine. Since the low temperature is to be maintained continuously,
therefore system must run on a cycle.
REFRIGERATION EFFECT:
Amount of heat that is to be extracted from the storage space in order to maintain low
temperature.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP):
COP = Desired effect/Work input
COP represents the running cost of the system. Larger the COP, smaller is the work input
for a given refrigeration capacity and lower is the running cost.
In a vapour absorption refrigeration system the function of the compressor is done in
three steps by using absorber, pump, generator or reboiler etc.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Some liquids have great affinity for absorbing large quantities of certain vapour and
reducing them to the liquid state. It reduces the total volume significantly.
In vapour compression system, compression need to compress a large volume of
refrigerated vapour consuming large mechanical power.
Vapour absorption system offer many advantages like it offers flexibility to utilize any
sort of low grade, low cost heat energy available to produce cooling and thus giving a
high saving in operating cost. It can operate on steam or any other waste heat source as
the energy source rather than costly and unreliable electric power. No moving parts
ensuring noiseless, vibrationless operation. Moreover maintenance cost is negligible as
compared to power driven mechanical system.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF VAPOUR ABSORPTION
SYSTEM

1. Generator:The purpose of generator is to deliver the refrigerant vapour to the rest

of the system. In the generator the solution vertically falls over horizontal tubes with
high temperature energy source typically steam or hot water flowing through the
tubes. The solution absorbs heat from the warmer steam or water, causing the
refrigerant to vaporize and separate from the absorbent solution. As the refrigerant
vaporizes, the absorbent solution returns to the absorber and the refrigerant vapour
migrates to the condenser.

2. Condenser:The purpose of condenser is to condense the refrigerant vapours. Inside

the condenser, cooling water flows through tubes and hot refrigerant fills the
surrounding space. As heat transfer from the refrigerant collects in the bottom of the
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THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

condenser before travelling to the expansion device. The cooling water system is
connected to the cooling tower.

3. Expansion

Valve:From the condenser the liquid refrigerant flows through an

expansion device into the evaporator. The expansion device is used to maintain the
pressure difference between the high pressure (condenser) and low pressure
(evaporator) side of the refrigeration system. As the high pressure liquid refrigerant
flows through the expansion device, it causes the pressure drop that reduces the
refrigerant pressure to that of the evaporator. This pressure reduction causes a small
portion of the liquid refrigerant to boil off, cooling the remaining refrigerant to the
designed evaporator temperature. The cooled mixture of liquid and vapour refrigerant
then flows into evaporator.

4. Evaporator:The

purpose of evaporator is to cool the circulating water. The

evaporator contains a bundle of tubes that carry the system water to be cooled. At low
pressure existing in the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the circulating
water and evaporates. The refrigerant vapours thus formed tend to increase the
pressure in the vessel. This will in turns increases the boiling temperature and the
desired cooling effect will not be obtained so it is necessary to remove the refrigerant
vapours from the vessel into lower pressure absorber. Physically the evaporator and
absorber are contained inside the small shell, allowing refrigerant vapours generated
in the evaporator to migrate continuously to the absorber.

5. Absorber:Inside the absorber, the refrigerant vapour is absorbed by the solution. As

the refrigerant vapour is absorbed, it condenses from a vapour to a liquid, releasing
the heat it acquired in the evaporator. The heat released from the condensation of
refrigerant vapour by their absorption in the solution is removed by the cooling water
circulating through the absorber tube bundle. The weak absorbent solution is then
pumped to generator where heat is used to drive off the refrigerant. The hot refrigerant
vapours created in the generator migrate to the condenser. The cooling tower water
circulating through the condenser turns the refrigerant vapours to liquid state and
picks up the heat of condensation which it reflects to the cooling tower. The liquid
refrigerant returns to the evaporator and completes the cycle.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

WORKING OF VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM USING
LiBr-H2O SOLUTION:
In the evaporator water will evaporate absorbing its latent heat. This formed
water vapour will be absorbed by the strong lithium bromide salt solution
which is sprayed in the absorber.
In absorbing water vapour, the lithium bromide salt solution is diluted in the
absorber. This weak solution is pumped by a pump to the generator where it is
heated and the part of water is removed in the form of vapour and makes the
LiBr salt solution strong. This strong solution is again passed into the absorber
through the heat exchanger. The generated water vapour from the generator is
further passed into the condenser which condenses using cold water supplied
externally. The condensed water is sent to evaporator through expansion valve
and the cycle is repeated.
As the water vapour enters the salt solution in the absorber, the heat of
condensation must be removed from the absorber to increase the absorbity of
LiBr salt solution.
In heat exchanger, weak hot liquid coming from generator give heat to the
cold strong liquid before going into the generator. It reduces the heating load
in the generator and the cooling load in the absorber and reduces the overall
operating cost of the plant.
Absorber and evaporator are placed in the common lower shel operating at the
pressure and the generator and condenser are in the separate upper shell at the
high pressure. This arrangement is called two-shell system.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

RESEAR STUDY
OF OUTLINI
CH
REFRIGERA NG
NTS
SPECS.

STEADY
FLOW
ANALYSIS

MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
PLAN OF WORK

ANALYSIS
OF
GENERAT
OR TEMP.

ANALYSIS
OF
CONDENS
OR TEMP.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

CONCLUSION
The above mentioned project has been studied well and required research has been done on
the technology. The project is being proceeded under the guidance of project guide and is
being followed as planned.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VARS

REFRENCES
1. NPTELhttps://www.google.co.in/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCMQFjAAahU
KEwifxbmIzubHAhWGJI4KHZzQAR4&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnptel.ac.in%2Fcourses
%2F112105129%2Fpdf%2FRAC%2520Lecture
%252014.pdf&usg=AFQjCNECQTFR4TxWbWRNvAj7PCNPPyVrng&sig2=TbE3lFctx
LihoRyrv8emjg
2. Wikipediahttps://www.google.co.in/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CD4QFjAHahUK
EwifxbmIzubHAhWGJI4KHZzQAR4&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FAbsorption_refrigerator&usg=AFQjCNEwaqLpHqxQssQm2DhTUak4AcPtw&sig2=nM85keTqH-fjeBfo0cGZCw
3. P.K. Nag, Engineering Thermodynamics, TMH, 2009
4. C.P. Arora, Refrigeration and Air conditioning, TMH, 2007

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