Far Eastern University Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation

MICRO B Development of the Face

DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACE 2015

Eye Development

Alvin B. Vibar M.D.

Disclaimer(PLEASE READ): Eto ay base sa mga notes na nakita ko sa groups. I
tried very hard to make this simple. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE wag kakalimutan
sila GROOVE at ARCH. Paki check mabuti at mag-counter check sa ibang
sources.

Development of the Eye

4th Week
o Optic Groove in the neural folds
Signals Development of the eye
Derived from 4 Sources
o Neuroectoderm
Retina
Posterior layer of the iris
Optic Nerve
o Surface Ectoderm
Lens
Corneal Epithelium
Lining Epithelium : SSNKE
o Mesoderm
Fibrous Coat
Vascular coat
o Neural Crest
Choroid
Sclera
Corneal Epithelium
Lining Epithelium: Simple Squamous

Neuroectoderm of the forebrain

Surface ectoderm of the head

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Invaginate
Invaginate

Optic
Cup

1.

Coloboma
Choroid fissure fails to close

2.

Coloboma iridis
Non-closure = Cleft
Refer to the picture above
Congenital cataract
Caused by Rubella or German Measles
Lens becomes opaque
Micropthalmia
Eye is too small
Caused by intrauterine infection
Anopthalmia
Absence of eye
Congenital Aphakia
Absence of lens of the eye
Congenital Aniridia
Absence of the iris
Cyclopia
Eyes are partially or completely fused
Underdevelopment of the forebrain and
frontonasal prominence
Holoprosencephally

3.

4.

5.

Surface Ectoderm

Inner Thicker:

Lens placode
Invaginates

Neural Retina

6.
7.
8.

Lens pit

Lens vesicle

DR. GREGORY HOUSE

DEPARTMENT OF DIAGNOSTICS

4th week optic grooves in the neural folds

As the neural folds fuse to form the forebrain, optic
grooves invaginates to form Optic vesicles
Optic vesicle contacts the surface ectoderm, induces
the development of the lens placode (Priomordium
of the lens)
Optic vesicles invaginates to form the optic cup
Optic cup forms the outer thinner layer and the
inner thicker layer
Outer thinner layer
o Retinal pigment epithelium
Inner thicker layer
o Neural retina

Anomalies on eye formation

Outer Thinner:

Optic grooves

Optic vesicles

Word version of the flow chart above

Development of the Ear

DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACE 2015

Parts of the ear have different origins and function

o Internal

Receptor
o Middle

Sound conductor
o External

Sound collecting

Development of the external ear

Development of the internal ear

First to develop
4th week
o Otic placode at the level of
myelencephalon

Development

Otic placode invaginates to form otic vesicles or

otocyst
o Primordium of the membranous labyrinth
Otic vesicles divides into Dorsal Utricular part and
the Ventral Saccular Part
Dorsal Utricular part
o Utricle
o Semilunar duct
o Endolymphatic duct
Saccular Part
o Saccule
o Cochlear Duct

External Acoustic Meatus

o Came from the DORSAL end of the First
pharyngeal GROOVE/CLEFT
Eardrums/Tympanic membrane will develop from 3
sources
o Ectoderm

First Pharyngeal GROOVE

o Endoderm

Tubotympanic Recess
o Mesoderm

First and Second pharyngeal

ARCHES
Auricle and Pinna
o Develops from six mesenchymal
proliferations in the First and Second
pharyngeal ARCHES

Anomalies in Ear formation

1.

2.

Low set slanted ear

o Margin of the auricle meets the cranium at
a level inferior to the horizontal plan
through the corner of the eye
o Seen in Trisomy 21/Down syndrome
Auricular appendages/skin tag

Development of the middle ear

Tubotympanic recess came from the First

Pharyngeal POUCH
Tubotympanic recess has 2 parts the proximal and
the distal parts
Proximal part forms
o Auditory tube/Pharyngotympanic tube
Distal part forms
o Tympanic cavity
Ossicles
o Malleus and Incus

First Pharyngeal ARCH

o Stapes

Second Pharyngeal ARCH

Tensor Tympani
o Came from the First Pharyngeal ARCH
o Attached to malleus
o CN V3
Stapedius
o Came from the Second Pharyngeal ARCH
o Attached to stapes
o CN VII

DR. GREGORY HOUSE

DEPARTMENT OF DIAGNOSTICS

3.
4.
5.

Anotia
o Absence of auricle
Microtia
o Small or rudementary auricle
External auditory canal atresia
o Closed ear canal