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When install a motor using capacitor for starting or running methods,we must sizing the rated of capacitor suitable with motor to get correct
starting torque and avoid winding from overheating and can cause a damage.
This is basically a question of motor design.There is no straightforward regular relationship between capacitance and the motor size in kW.
When replacing these capacitors, the capacitance value and voltage should be taken from the manufacturers plate on the motor or from
the old capacitor.This must be correct within 5% and is sometimes stipulated down to a fraction of a F.The choice of a running capacitor
is even more limited than with a starting capacitor.
When we select the voltage rated for capacitor,we must know the value of our power supply.For safety purpose,multiply the voltage of
power supply with 30%.Factors that affect the selection of the proper voltage rating of the capacitor include:
Voltage de-rating factor
Safety agency requirements.
Reliability requirements
Maximum operating temperature
Space available
But the type of dielectric material and the metallization technique should be examined.The wrong choice here can have adverse effects on
the overall performance of the capacitors.Please refer to motor nameplate or contact supplier or manufacture to get a accurate value of
capacitor.Safety First
- See more at: http://www.electricneutron.com/electric-motor/single-phase-capacitor-sizing/#sthash.2uIVJEqN.dpuf
http://www.temcoindustrialpower.com/
Overview
A start capacitor is used to briefly shift phase on a start winding in a single phase electric motor to create an increase in
torque. Start capacitors possess a very large capacitance value for their size and voltage rating. As a result, they are only
intended for intermittent duty. Because of this, start capacitors will fail after being left energized for too long due to a faulty
starting circuit on a motor.
Troubleshooting
How do I know if my start capacitor is bad?
Most electric start motor capacitor failures are one of two types:
"The Start Cap blew its guts out!" This is what we call catastrophic failure. It is usually caused by an electric motor's
starting circuit being engaged too long for the intermittent duty rating of a start cap. The top of the start cap has literally
been blown off, and the insides have been partially or fully ejected. Similarly but not quite as dramatic, a start cap may just
exhibit a ruptured pressure relief blister. In either case, it's easy to tell that the start cap is in need of replacement.
Specifications
Most start capacitor applications use a rating of 50-1200 uf capacitance and voltages of 110/125, 165, 220/250 and 330
VAC. They are also usually always 50 and 60 Hz rated. Case designs are typically round and cast in black phenolic or
Bakelite materials. Terminations are usually " push on terminals with two terminals per connection post.
Voltage
Select a capacitor with a voltage rating at or above the original capacitor. If you're using a 370 volt capacitor, a 370 or 440
volt one will work. The 440 volt unit will actually last longer. A capacitor will have a marked voltage indicating the
accpetable peak voltage, not operational voltage.
Capacitance
Select a capacitor with a capacitance value (given in MFD, uf or microfarad) that is equal to the original capacitor. Do not
deviate from the original value, as it sets the operational characteristics of the motor.
Frequency (Hz)
Select a capacitor with the Hz rating of the original. Nearly all replacement capacitors will be labeled 50/60.
Connection terminal style
Nearly every capacitor will use a " flag style push-on connector. The next question is, "How many terminals per terminal
post are needed for the application motor?" Most start capacitors have two terminals per post, and most run capacitors will
have either 3 or 4 terminals per post. Verify that your selected capacitor has at least the number of connection terminals
per connection post as the original motor capacitor.
Case shape
Nearly all start capacitors have a round case. Round run capacitors are by far the most common, but many motors still
use oval designs. Electrically speaking, there is no difference. Fit is the only question here. If space in the mounting box is
not limited, the case style does not matter.
Case size
Just like case shape, overall size makes no difference electrically. Select a capacitor that will fit within the space provided.
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Product Selection
110/125 VAC
Capacitanc
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SC0005
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SC0090
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SC0019
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SC0021
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165V
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Overview
A run capacitor is used to continuously adjust current or phase shift to a motor's windings in an effort to optimise the
motor's torque and efficiency performance. Because it is designed for continuous duty, it has a much lower failure rate
than a start capacitor.
View our video tutorial below to learn the differences between start and run capacitors.
Back to Top
Specifications
Most run capacitor applications use a rating of 2.5-100 uf (microfarads) capacitance and voltages of 370 or 440 VAC.
They are also usually always 50 and 60 Hz rated. Case designs are round or oval, most commonly using either a steel or
aluminum shell and cap. Terminations are usually " push on terminals with 2-4 terminals per connection post.
Voltage: Select a capacitor with a voltage rating at or above the original capacitor. If you're using a 370 volt capacitor, a
370 or 440 volt capacitor will work, though the 440 volt unit will actually last longer. A run capacitor will have a marked
voltage indicating peak voltage acceptable - not operational voltage.
Capacitance: Select a capacitor with a capacitance value (given in MFD, uf or microfarad) that is equal to the original
capacitor. Do not deviate from the original value, as it sets the operational characteristics of the motor.
Hz: Select a capacitor with the Hz rating of the original. Nearly all tun vapacitors will be labeled 50/60.
Case Style: Round or Oval? Round Run Capacitors are by far the most common, but many motors still use oval designs.
Electrically speaking, there is no difference. Fit is the only question here. If space in the mounting box is not limited, the
case style does not matter.
Overall Size: Just like case style, overall size makes no difference electrically. Select a capacitor that will fit within the
space provided.
Terminal Type: Most run capacitor terminal designs include 1-4 " push on tab and will have either 3 or 4 tabs. Just
make sure you have enough tabs per connection post to make the connections you need.
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1 Piece
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RC0021
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RC0008
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RC0009
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RC0010
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RC0025
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RC0011
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RC0014
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Troubleshooting
When is it time to replace a run capacitor?
As a general rule of thumb, a run capacitor will far out-last the same motor's start capacitor. A run motor capacitor will
wear down differently, making them a bit more complicated when trying to determine if it needs to be replaced.
When a run capacitor begins to perform outside the allowable range,it is usually indicated by a dropping of the rated
capacitance value. For most standard motors, a run capacitor will have a "tolerance" specified describing how close to the
rated capacitance value that the actual value may be. This will be usually +/- 5% to 10%. For most motors, as long as the
actual value is is within the 10% mark of the rated value, you're in good shape. If the capacitance drops outside of this
range, the capacitor should be replaced.
Due to a defect in a capacitor's construction or a non-capacitor related motor issue, a run capacitor will sometimes bulge
from internal pressure. For most modern run capacitor designs, this will open the circuit, disconnecting the internal spiral
membrane as a protective measure to prevent the capacitor from popping.
The test in this case is simple: if its bulging, time to replace. If you measure no continuity across the terminals, it is also
time to replace.
View the video below on how to replace a run capacitor in an air conditioning unit.
Causes of Failure
Depending on how close the run capacitor is to its design life, there may be multiple factors that determine why a run
capacitor has failed.
Time - All capacitors have a design life. Several factors may be interchanged or combined to increase or reduce the life of
a run capacitor, but once the design life is exceeded, the internals may begin to more rapidly decay and drop in
performance. Simply put, a failure may occur because the capacitor is "just old."
Heat - Exceeding the design limit of operating temperature can have a big effect on run capacitor life expectancy. In
general, motors that are operated in hot environments or with little ventilation will experience a dramatically reduced
lifespan on their run capacitor. The same can be caused by radiated heat from a generally hot running motor, causing the
capacitor to run hot. If you can keep your run capacitor cool, it will last a lot longer.
Current - Motor failure causes the capacitor to be overloaded. This scenario is less commonly noticed, as it would usually
be accompanied by a partial or complete failure of the motor. The motor is overloaded or has a failure in the windings,
causing the current to climb. This can have an effect on the capacitor.
Voltage - This single factor can have an exponential effect in shortening design life. A run capacitor will have a marked
voltage rating that should not be exceeded. Let's use 440 volts as an example. At 450 volts, the life may be reduced by
20%. At 460 volts, the life may be reduced by 50%. At 470 volts, there is a 75% life reduction, and so on. The same can
be applied in reverse to help increase life by using a capacitor with a voltage rating significantly higher then needed,
although to a less dramatic degree.
Capacitor Lifespan
The mid point for a good quality aftermarket run capacitor (one that didn't come with your motor) would be 30,000 to
60,000 running hours. Factory-installed run capacitors sometimes have a designed lifespan that is much lower. In highly
competitive industries where every part can have a significant impact on cost, or where a motor's intended use would
likely be intermittent and infrequent, a lower grade of run capacitor may be selected with a design life of as little as 1000
hours. Additionally, all of the factors from the section above (run capacitor causes of failure) may dramatically modify the
reasonable expected life of a run capacitor.
Overview
Dual run capacitors are commonly used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) units. Dual capacitors have
three terminals, unlike regular run capacitors, which have only two. Electrically, they are the same as run capacitors that
have two terminals. Using a dual run capacitor allows you to save space if you have a small mounting area. The terminals
are also clearly marked, making it easy to hook it up to the different components of your air conditioner.
Dual capacitors usually have connections marked "C" for "common," "H" or "HERM" for the hermetic compressor, and "F"
or "FAN" for the fan in an HVAC unit. They also have two different capacitance ratings (for exampple, 35/5 uf). The larger
value is always connected to the compressor (35 uf in the example), while the smaller value will always be connected to
the fan (in this case, 5 uf).
Back to top
Specifications
Below is a list of specifications that must be taken into consideration when selecting a new capacitor.
Capacitance
Make sure the capacitance of your new capacitor is the same as that of the one you're replacing.
Voltage
Dual capacitors are usually rated for 370V or 440V. Use a capacitor that has the same or higher voltage as your system
voltage. Never select one that has a lower voltage rating than your system voltage.
Frequency
Most capacitors will be rated for both 50 and 60 Hz.
Oval vs. Round Case Style
As long as the capacitance, voltage, and frequency of your capacitor is right for your application, the shape of the
capacitor does not matter as long as it can fit within the provided mounting space in your motor or air conditioning unit.
Terminal Type
Most capacitor terminals include one to four " push on tabs. Most have 3 to 4 tabs, so make sure you have enough tabs
per connection post to make the connections you need.
Back to top
View our video tutorial on how to diagnose problems with your air conditioning unit and how to replace the run capacitors
in it. For a more in-depth look at troubleshooting, check out our Troubleshooting Guide.
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Product Selection
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RC0102
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Overview
A start capacitor resistor (also called a "bleed down resistor") is used to bleed off residual voltage in a start capacitor
after it has removed from a motor circuit after start up. Not all start caps use resistors, as there are other ways to
accomplish the task of reducing residual voltage in a capacitor.
What is important to note is that if the capacitor you are replacing had a bleed down resistor, then you will need to replace
the resistor in your new start capacitor. You can either check to see if the old resistor is still good, or you can replace it with
a new one. The resistance value should read somewhere between 10 to 20k Ohms and around 2 watts. Resistors are
usually crimped or soldered to the start capacitor's terminals.
Back to top
Voltage: up to 330V
Capacitance: up to 1200 uf
Mounting type: Solder
Resistor body diameter: 0.1255 in.
Resistor body length:
Overall length (including leads): 2.363 in.
Lead length: 1 in. per side
Lead diameter: 0.19 in.
View our selection of start capacitor resistors. All prices listed have free shipping included.
Quantity
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Price
SCR001
$3.95
SCR002
$4.95
10
SCR003
$6
25
SCR004
$9
50
SCR005
$15
100
SCR006
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Back to top
Replacing a Resistor
Most start capacitors do not have a resistor. But if you need to replace a start capacitor that does have one, you'll need to
use a resistor on the new capacitor as well. You can either see if the old resistor is still good, or just use a new one.
View our video tutorial on how to install a start capacitor bleed down resistor.