f1409535014675 勞安所總論 PDF

102 IOSH102-S309
IOSH102-S309
Importing Machinery Safety Standard Design Stage

and Reduce the Risks Discussed Case Studies
GPN:1010300742
300
IOSH102-S309
Importing Machinery Safety Standard

Design Stage and Reduce the Risks
Discussed Case Studies
IOSH102-S309
Importing Machinery Safety Standard

Design Stage and Reduce the Risks
Discussed Case Studies
102 3 27 102 12 9
103 3
ISO/IEC Gide51
RBARisk Based Approach
Abstract
In order to secure the domestic safety of machineries and equipment, Ministry of Labor
regulates the Labor Safety and Health Act to Occupational Safety and Health Act. By
auditing the original design of machines and equipment before operation, and implementing
the risk assessment, machinery hazard and risk are expected to reduce.
This study correlates with ISO/IEC Gide51, EU Machinery Directive, and Guidelines
for comprehensive safety standards of machinery from Japan to regulate General safety
guidelines for machinery, which provides guidelines to designers and makers to fulfill the
concept of Risk Based Approach. By auditing machines based on occupational safety and
health management systems, machinery safety certificate system is completed. Meanwhile,
the evaluation of protective measure is completed.
In order to carry out the Occupational Safety and Health Act, this study completes
the Risk Assessment Manual for Machinery Safety Design as a guideline for makers to
follow and to avoid industrial injuries in working environment.
Keywords: machinery safety, risk assessment, type certification
II

...........................................................................................................................................I
Abstract ................................................................................................................................... II
........................................................................................................................................ III
.................................................................................................................................... IV
..................................................................................................................................... V
............................................................................................................................ 1
.................................................................................................... 1
................................................................................ 4
................................................................................ 5
.................................................................... 6
............................................................................................ 9
........................................................................................ 9
.................................................................. 10
...................................................................................... 11
.................................................................................................. 15
...................................................................................... 15
.............................................................................................. 16
.......................................................................................................... 36
.............................................................................................................. 38
.................................................................................................................. 38
.................................................................................................................. 38
................................................................................................................................ 40
........................................................................................................................................ 41
............................................................................................ 42
B ........................................................................... 61
.................................................................... 75
III
[2] .............................................................................. 1
2012 [2] ............................................................. 2
2012 [2] ............................................. 3
2012 [2] ......................................................... 3
................................................................................... 4
............................................................................................... 6
2009 .......................................................................................... 7
........................................................................... 7
..................................................................................... 11
IV
......................................................................................................... 12
............................................. 18
[1]
1 10
[2]
1
102 2012 6,320

1,631 26 1,238
20
2
2012 [2]
3 2012
6.5 4
2012 [2]
2012 [2]
(EN)(ISO/IEC)
ISO/IEC EN
EN ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC Safety aspects-Guidelines for their inclusion in
Standards ISO/IEC Guide 51[5]
(Freedom from unacceptable risk)
ISO/IEC Guide 51 A B
C 5
B
C NC
(group)
C B A
A B
(Korea Occupational Safety and Health

Agency)
S-Mark
2009 13
KCs Mark 2011 1
KCs Mark
28 CE B
C CE 2010
CE A
S-Mark
ABC
ISO 12100 3 2011
2013 KCs

2001 6
A ISO 12100
ISO/IEC
ISO 12100
2003 2004 JIS B9700ISO 12100 JIS
2006 4 1 2
[6] 2007 7 31
4
2000 2009 45,000 28,000
6
32% 26% 6
7
2009 2005
22
17 8[7]
2009

EUEN
ISO
Vinna Agreement EN
ISO/IEC
12
3
[4]
(EHSRs
Essential Health and Safety Requirements) 3
EN
ISO/IEC ISO/IEC
3
Safety aspects-Guidelines for their
inclusion in Standards
ISO/IEC Guide 51
Freedom from unacceptable risk
2Risk Assessment
3
4
ISO/IEC Guide 51
Risk Based ApproachRBA

[8]
ISO/IEC Gide51
RBARisk Based Approach
9
RBA
9
ABC
9 ABC
3 C
C B
A
10

RBA
5-1
B
ISO 12100 ISO 14121 A
B
EN
ISO/IEC
JIS
CNS B B1/B2
B 1 19
B
B1
B2B B2
1 19 B
11
B 156 ISO/IEC
143 B 167
JIS ISO/IEC 68 36
19 CNS B 55
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 14118 : 2000
Safety of machinery -- Prevention of

unexpected start-up
B1
B2
ISO 14120 : 2002
IEC 60204-1 Ed
5.1 : 2009
ISO 13849-1:2006
B2
B1
B2
ISO 13849-2 : 2003
ISO 13855 : 2002
IEC 62046 : 2008
ISO 13856-1 : 2001
B2
12
Safety of machinery -- Guards -- General

requirements for the design and
construction of fixed and movable guards
Safety of machinery - Electrical
equipment of machines - Part 1:
General requirements
Safety of machinery -- Safety-related
parts of control systems -- Part 1: General
principles for design
Safety of machinery -- Safety-related
parts of control systems -- Part 2:
Validation
Safety of machinery -- Positioning of
protective equipment with respect to the
approach speeds of parts of the human
body
Safety of machinery Application of
protective equipment to detect the
presence of persons
Safety of machinery -- Pressure-sensitive
protective devices -- Part 1: General
principles for design and testing of
pressure-sensitive
mats
and
B1
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 14123-2 : 1998
ISO 11201 : 1995
10
B1
ISO 11202 : 1995
11
12
13
B1
B1B
IEC 61310-2
{Ed.2.0} 2007-02
IEC 61310-3
{Ed.2.0} 2007-02
16
17
ISO 4414 : 1998

IEC 61310-1
{Ed.2.0} 2007-02
14
15
ISO 4413 : 1998
IEC 60204-11 Ed
1.0 : 2000
13
pressure-sensitive floors
Safety of machinery -- Reduction of risks
to health from hazardous substances
emitted by machinery -- Part 2:
Methodology leading to verification
procedures
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery
and equipment -- Measurement of
emission sound pressure levels at a work
station and at other specified positions -Engineering method in an essentially free
field over a reflecting plane
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery
and equipment -- Measurement of
emission sound pressure levels at a work
station and at other specified positions -Survey method in situ
Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules
relating to systems
Pneumatic fluid power -- General rules
relating to systems
Safety of machinery - Indication, marking
and actuation - Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals
marking
the location and operation of actuators
Safety of machinery Electrical
equipment of machines Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for
voltages above 1 000V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.
and not exceeding 36kV
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 7250 l 1996
Basic human body measurements for

technological design
ISO 7243 : 1989
Hot environments Estimation of the heat

stress on working man, based on the
WBGT-index
(wet
bulb
globe
temperature)
18
19
14
RBA
""
RBA
9 100 A
BC
3
C C
A B C A
15
C
RBA
RBA
RBA

3
3 RBA

RBA
ABC
16
2
2 2
17
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
18
10
11
()
19
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12
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(emission)
13
20
()
(redundancy)
14
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
21
()
9.
10.
11.
12.
()
1.
2.
3.
22
()
()
()
1.
(key switch)
2.
1
2
(enabling device)
(hold-to-run control device)
()
1.
2.
23
3.
(switch etc.)
15
()

()
1.
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16
24
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C () 2 (2)(3)
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5.
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23
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2
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1
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1.
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36
[]
(1) ()
(2) ()
(3)
a.
b.
c. ()
d.
e.
f.
(4)
a. ()
b. ()
c.
(5) ()
a.
b.
c. (
)
d.
(6) ()
a.
b. ()()
(7)
a.
37

()
""""

RBA
Risk Based Approach

19 B

RBA
38

19
39

1 2013
2 2013
3 Council of the European Union. Machinery Directive 89/392/EEC.
4 Council of the European Union. Machinery Directive 98/37/EC.
5 ISO/IEC.SIO/IEC Guide 51 : Safety aspects-Guidelines for their inclusion in
Standards ; 1999.
6 2007
7
Vlo.45, No. 5, 2006, pp. 288-295

8 2012
40
()
()
41
42
(hazard)
()
43
() (harm / injury)
(hazard)
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
(teaching)
()
()
44
()
A
() ()
()
4
()
()
()
A
()
()
()
()
()
()
45
() B
() C D
() E
()
()
()
46
[]
47
[ A]

48
[ B]

49

(emission)
(redundancy)

1.
2.
3.
50
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

1.
2.
3.

51
1.
(key switch)
2.
(1)
(2)
(enabling device)(hold-to-run control device)
(3)

1.
2.
3.
(switch etc.)

1.
52
2.
3. () 2
53
[ C]

()
()
()
()

()
()
1.
2.
(1)
54
(2)
(3)
3.
()
()
()
()
()
()
()

()
1.
2.
3.
55
4.
()
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2.
(tunnel guard)
() 2 (2)(3)
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
()

()
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()
()

56

() B
()
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57
[ D]

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()
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58
[ E]

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
()
1.
2.
3.
()
1.
2.
3.
4.

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59
2.
3.
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(1)
(2)
(3)
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(2)
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2.
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4.
60
EN NO.
prEN ISO 13849-1
B2
EN ISO 18349-2 :
2003
EN 418 : 1992
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 13849-1:2006
ISO 13849-2 : 2003
ISO 13850 : 2006
EN 574 : 1996
ISO 13851 : 2002
EN 349 : 1993
ISO 13854 : 1996
EN999 : 1998
ISO 13855 : 2002
B1
B2
Safety of machinery -- Safety-related parts of control systems -- Part

1: General principles for design
Safety of machinery -- Safety-related parts of control systems -- Part
2: Validation
Safety of machinery -- Emergency stop -- Principles for design
Safety of machinery -- Two-hand control devices -- Functional
aspects and design principles
Safety of machinery -- Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of
the human body
Safety of machinery -- Positioning of protective equipment with
respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body
JIS NO.
*
JIS B 9703 : 2000
14804
JIS B 9712 : 2006
15522
JIS B 9711 : 2002
14807
JIS B 9715 : 2006
Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones

being reached by the upper limbs and the lower limbs
JIS B 9707 : 2002

JIS B 9708 : 2002
IEC 62046 : 2008
Safety of machinery Application of protective equipment to detect

the presence of persons
TS B 62046:2006
EN 1760-1 : 1997
ISO 13856-1 : 2001
EN1760-2 : 2001
ISO 13856-2 : 2005
Safety of machinery -- Pressure-sensitive protective devices -- Part

1: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive
mats and pressure-sensitive floors
Safety of machinery -- Pressure-sensitive protective devices -- Part
2: General principles for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive
edges and pressure-sensitive bars
61
CNS
JIS B 9705-1 : 2000
ISO 13857 : 2008
B2
15523
JIS B 9717-1 : 2011
15566-2
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
EN1760-3
ISO 13856-3 : 2006
Safety
of
machineryPressure-sensitive
protective
devicesPart3:General principles for the design and testing of
pressure-sensitive bumpers, plates, wires and similar devices
EN 1037 : 1995
ISO 14118 : 2000
EN 1088 : 1995
ISO 14119 : 1998
EN953 : 1997
ISO 14120 : 2002
JIS NO.
CNS
Safety of machinery -- Prevention of unexpected start-up
JIS B 9714 : 2006
B1
B2
B1
EN ISO 14122-1 :
2001
EN ISO 14122-2 :
2001
EN ISO 14122-3 :
2001
ISO 14122-1 : 2001

ISO 14122-2 : 2001
ISO 14122-3 : 2001
prEN ISO 14122-4
ISO 14122-4 : 2004
EN 626-1 : 1995
ISO 14123-1 : 1998
EN 626-2 : 1996
ISO 14123-2 : 1998
EN ISO 14159 :
2004
ISO 14159 : 2002
B1
Safety of machinery -- Interlocking devices associated with guards -Principles for design and selection
Safety of machinery -- Guards -- General requirements for the design
and construction of fixed and movable guards
Safety of machinery -- Permanent means of access to machinery -Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels
Safety of machinery -- Permanent means of access to machinery -Part 2: Working platforms and walkways
Safety of machinery -- Permanent means of access to machinery -Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails
Safety of machinery -- Permanent means of access to machinery -Part 4: Fixed ladders
Safety of machinery -- Reduction of risks to health from hazardous
substances emitted by machinery -- Part 1: Principles and
specifications for machinery manufacturers
Safety of machinery -- Reduction of risks to health from hazardous
substances emitted by machinery -- Part 2: Methodology leading to
verification procedures
Safety of machinery -- Hygiene requirements for the design of
machinery
62
JIS B 9710 : 2006
15344
JIS B 9716 : 2006

JIS B 9713-1 : 2004
15193-1
JIS B 9713-2 : 2004
15193-2
JIS B 9713-3 : 2004
15193-3
JIS B 9713-4 : 2004
15193-4
JIS B 9709-1 : 2001
15345-1
JIS B 9709-2 : 2001
15345-2
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
EN 13478 : 2002
ISO 19353 : 2005
B1
EN 1093-1 : 1998
EN 1093-3 : 1996
EN 1093-4 : 1996
EN 1093-6 : 1998
EN 1093-7 : 1998
EN 1093-8 : 1998
EN 1093-9 : 1998
EN 1093-11 : 2001
EN 1127-1 : 1997
EN 13463-1 : 2001
EN 13821 : 2002
EN 12874 : 2001
EN 1837 : 1999
EN 12198-1 : 2000
EN 12198-2 : 2002
EN 12198-3 : 2002
EN ISO 11553-1 :
2005
EN 60825-1 : 1994
IEC 60825-1 Ed.

1.2 : 2001
EN 60825-2
IEC 60825-2 : 2000
EN 60825-4 : 1998
IEC 60825-4
{Ed.2.0}
2006-08
B1
ISO 11553-1 : 2005
JIS NO.
CNS
JIS C 6802 : 2005
15016-1
Safety of machinery -- Fire prevention and protection
Safety of machinery -- Laser processing machines -- Part 1: General

safety requirements
Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements and user's guide
Safety of laser products - Part 2 : Safety of optical fibre
communication systems
Safety of laser products - Part 4: Laser guards
63
15016-2
EN NO.
EN ISO 3740 :
2001
EN ISO 3741 :
1999
B1
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 3740 : 2000
ISO 3741 : 1999
EN ISO 3743-1 :
1995
ISO 3743-1 : 1994
EN ISO 3743-2 :
1996
ISO 3743-2 : 1994
EN ISO 3744 :
1995
ISO 3744 : 1994
EN ISO 3745 :
2003
ISO 3745 : 2003
EN ISO 3746 :
1995
EN ISO 3757 :
2000
EN ISO 4871 :
1997
EN ISO 9614-1 :
1995
EN ISO 9614-2 :
ISO 3756:1976
ISO 3747 : 2000
ISO 4871 : 1996
ISO 9614-1 : 1993
ISO 9614-2 : 1996

Acoustics -- Determination of sound power levels of noise sources -Guidelines for the use of basic standards
Acoustics -- Determination of sound power levels of noise sources
using sound pressure -- Precision methods for reverberation rooms
Acoustics -- Determination of sound power levels of noise sources -Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant
fields -- Part 1: Comparison method for hard-walled test rooms
using sound pressure -- Engineering methods for small, movable
sources in reverberant fields -- Part 2: Methods for special
reverberation test rooms
using sound pressure -- Engineering method in an essentially free
field over a reflecting plane
using sound pressure -- Precision methods for anechoic and
hemi-anechoic rooms
JIS NO.
CNS
14653
JIS Z 8734 : 2000
14654
14655-1
14655-2
JIS Z 8733 : 2000
14656
14657
Oil of cubeb
using sound pressure -- Comparison method in situ
Acoustics -- Declaration and verification of noise emission values of
machinery and equipment
using sound intensity -- Part 1: Measurement at discrete points
64
14659
JIS Z 8736-1 : 1999
14660-1
JIS Z 8736-2 : 1999
14660-2
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
1997
EN ISO 9614-3 :
2002
ISO 9614-3 : 2002
EN ISO 11200 :
1996
ISO 11200 : 1995
EN ISO 11201 :
1995
ISO 11201 : 1995
EN ISO 11202 :
1995
ISO 11202 : 1995
EN ISO 11203 :
1995
ISO 11203 : 1995
EN ISO 11204 :
1995
ISO 11204 : 1995
EN ISO 11205 :
3003
ISO 11205 : 2003

using sound intensity -- Part 2: Measurement by scanning
using sound intensity -- Part 3: Precision method for measurement by
scanning
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other
specified positions
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and
at other specified positions -- Engineering method in an essentially
free field over a reflecting plane
at other specified positions -- Survey method in situ
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station
and at other specified positions from the sound power level
at other specified positions -- Method requiring environmental
corrections
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -Engineering method for the determination of emission sound
pressure levels in situ at the work station and at other specified
positions using sound intensity
65
JIS NO.
JIS Z 8737-1 : 2000
JIS Z 8737-2 : 2000
CNS
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO/TR 11688-1 :
1995
Acoustics -- Recommended practice for the design of low-noise

machinery and equipment -- Part 1: Planning
Acoustics -- Procedure for the comparison of noise-emission data for
machinery and equipment
workplaces containing machinery -- Part 1: Noise control strategies
workplaces containing machinery -- Part 2: Noise control measures
Acoustics -- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -- Rules for
the drafting and presentation of a noise test code
EN ISO 11688-1 :
1998
EN ISO 11689 :
1997
EN ISO 11690-1 :
1997
EN ISO 11690-2 :
1997
EN ISO 12001 :
1996
EN 1032 : 1996
EN 1033 : 1995
EN 1299 : 1997
EN 13490 : 2001
EN 982 : 1996
B1
EN 983 : 1996
B1
EN 61310-1 : 1995
EN 61310-2 : 1995
B
B1
EN 61310-3 : 1999
EN 61496-1 : 2004
ISO 11689 : 1996

ISO 11690-1 : 1996
ISO 11690-2 : 1996
ISO 12001 : 1996
JIS NO.
ISO 4413 : 1998
Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems
JIS B 8361 : 2000
ISO 4414 : 1998
Pneumatic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems
JIS B8370 : 2000
IEC 61310-1
{Ed.2.0}
2007-02
IEC 61310-2
{Ed.2.0}
2007-02
IEC 61310-3
{Ed.2.0}
2007-02
IEC 61496-1
Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 1:

Requirements for visual, acoustic and tactile signals
JIS B 9706-1 : 2009

Requirements for marking
JIS B 9706-2 : 2009

Requirements for the location and operation of actuators
JIS B 9706-3 : 2009
Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part
JIS B 9704-1 : 2006
66
CNS
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
{Ed.3.0}
2012-04
IEC 61496-2
Ed.1.0 : 1997
EN 61496-3 : 2001
IEC 61496-3 Ed
1.0 : 2001
EN 61496-4
IEC 61496-4 Ed
1.0 : 2007
EN 60204-1 : 1998
IEC 60204-1 Ed
5.1 : 2009
EN 60204-11 :
2000
IEC 60204-11 Ed
1.0 : 2000
EN 60204-31 :
1998
EN 60204-32 :
2008
EN 60204-33 :
2011
IEC 60204-31 Ed
3.0 : 2001
IEC 60204-32 Ed
2.0 : 2008
IEC 60204-33 Ed 1 :
2009
IEC 61131-1
{Ed.2.0}
2003-05
IEC 61131-2 Ed.
EN 61131-1 : 2003
B
EN61131-2 : :2003
JIS NO.
1: General requirements and tests

2: Particular requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic
protective devices (AOPDs)
3: Particular requirements for Active Opto-electronic Protective
Devices responsive to Diffuse Reflection (AOPDDR)
JIS B 9704-2 : 2008
JIS B 9704-3 : 2004
Safety of machinery Electro-sensitive protective equipmentPart

4: Particular requirements for equipment using vision based
protective devices (VBPDs)
Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1:
Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000V a.c. or 1
500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36kV
Particular safety and EMC requirements for sewing
Requirements for hoisting machines
Particular requirements for semiconductor manufacturing equipment
Programmable controllers - Part 1: General information
Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and
67
TR B 0025 : 2010
JIS B 9960-1 : 2008
JIS B 9960-11 : 2004
JIS B 9960-31 : 2004

JIS B 9960-32 : 2011
JIS B 9960-33 : 2012
CNS
EN NO.
2.0 : 2003
testsProgrammable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages

Programmable controllers - Part 7: Fuzzy control programming
Programmable controllers - Part 8: Guidelines for the application and
implementation of programming languages
EN 61000-4-2 :
1995
EN 61000-4-3 :
2002
IEC 61000-4-3
Ed.3.0 : 2006
EN 61000-4-4 :
2004
IEC 61000-4-4 Ed.

2.0 : 2004
EN 61000-4-5 :
1995
IEC 61000-4-5 Ed.

2.0 : 2005
EN 61131-7 : 2001
) B
IEC 61131-3 Ed.

2.0 : 2003
IEC 61131-7 Ed.1.0 :
2000
IEC/TR61131-8
Ed.2.0 : 2003
IEC 62061 Ed.1.0 :
2005
IEC 61000-4-2 Ed.
1.2 : 2001
EN 61131-3 : 2003
EMC(
ISO/IEC NO.
IEC 661000-4-6
EN 61000-4-8 :
IEC 61000-4-8 Ed.
Safety of machinery Functional safety of safety related electrical,

electronic and programmable electronic control systems
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)- Part 4-2: Testing and
measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3 : Testing and
measurement
techniques
Radiated,
radio-frequency,
electromagneticfield immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
test
measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Testing and measurement
techniques- Part 6 : Immunity to conducted disturbances,induced by
radio-frequency fields
68
JIS NO.
CNS
JIS B 9961:2008
JIS C 61000-4-2 :
1999
14676-2
JIS C 61000-4-3 :
2005
14676-3
JIS C 61000-4-4 :
1999
14676-4
JIS C 61000-4-5 :
1999
14676-5
14676-6
JIS C 61000-4-8 :
14676-8
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
JIS NO.
1994
1.1 : 2001
2003
EN 61000-4-11 :
2004
IEC 61000-4-11
Ed.2.0 : 2004
EN 61000-6-1 :
2001
IEC 61000-6-1 Ed.

2.0 : 2005
EN 61000-6-2 :
2001
EN 61000-6-3 :
2001
EN 61000-6-4 :
2001
IEC 61000-6-2 Ed.

2.0 : 2005
measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity

test
techniques - Part 9: Pulse magnetic field immunity test
techniques - Part 10: Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
test
measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and
voltage variations immunity tests
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Generic standards Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial
environments
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4
{Ed.2.0}2006-07
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards Emission standard for industrial environments
IEC TR 62516
Ed.1.0 : 2008
Safety of machinery Guideline for use of communication systems

in safety related applications
IEC 61000-4-9 :
1993
IEC 61000-4-10 :
1993
EN ISO 10075-1 :
2000
EN ISO 10075-2 :
2000
ISO 10075 : 1991

ISO 10075-2 : 1996
Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load -- General terms

and definitions
Ergonomic principles related to mental workload -- Part 2: Design
principles
69
CNS
14676-9
14676-10
JIS C 61000-4-11 :
2003
TR B0030 : 2011
JIS Z 8502 : 1994
15626-1
JIS Z 8503 : 1998
15626-2
EN NO.
EN ISO 10075-3 :
2004
EN ISO 6385 :
2004
EN ISO 7250 :
1997
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 10075-3 : 2004
Ergonomic principles related to mental workload -- Part 3: Principles

and requirements concerning methods for measuring and assessing
mental workload
ISO 6385 : 2004
Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems
ISO 7250 l 1996
Basic human body measurements for technological design
EN 547-1 : 1997
ISO 15534-1 : 2000
EN 547-2 : 1997
ISO 15534-2 : 2000
EN 547-3 : 1996
ISO 15534-3 : 2000
EN ISO 15535 :
2003
ISO 15535:2006
ISO 15536-1 : 2005

EN ISO 15537 :
2004
EN ISO 14738 :
2002
EN 1005-1 : 2001
EN 1005-2 : 2003
ISO 15537 : 2004

ISO 14738 : 2002
ISO 11228-1 : 2003
Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery Part 1: Principles for

determining the dimensions required for openings for whole-body
access into machinery
Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery Part 2: Principles for
determining the dimensions required for access openings
(available in English only)
Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery Part 3:
Anthropometric data
(available in English only)
General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases
Ergonomics Computer manikins and body templates Part 1:
Principles for selecting and using test persons for testing
anthropometric aspects of industrial products and designs
Safety of machinery Anthropometric requirements for the design of
workstations at machinery
Ergonomics Manual handling Part 1: Lifting and carrying
70
JIS NO.
CNS
15626-3
JIS Z 8501
JIS Z 8500 : 2002
15565-1
15565-2
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
JIS NO.
EN 1005-3 : 2002
EN ISO 13407 :
1999
EN ISO 14915-1 :
2002
EN ISO 14915-3 :
2002
ISO 11226 : 2000
Ergonomics Evaluation of static working postures
ISO 13407 : 1999
Human-centred design processes for interactive systems
ISO 14915 : 2002

ISO 14915-1 : 2002
EN 457 : 1992
ISO 7731 : 2003
EN 27243 : 1994
ISO 7243 : 1989
EN 981 : 1997
ISO 11429 : 1996
EN ISO 7726 :
2001
ISO 7726 : 1998
EN ISO 7730 :
1995
ISO 7730 : 2005
EN ISO 8996 :
2004
EN ISO 9886 :
2004
EN ISO 9920 :
2003
EN ISO 9921 :
ISO 8996 : 2004

ISO 9886 : 2004
ISO 9920 : 1995
ISO 9921 : 2003
Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces Part 1: Design

principles and framework
Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces - Part 3: Media
selection and combination
Ergonomics Danger signals for public and work areas Auditory
danger signals
Hot environments Estimation of the heat stress on working man,
based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature)
Ergonomics System of auditory and visual danger and information
signals
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring
physical quantities
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination
and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV
and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determination of
metabolic rate
Ergonomics Evaluation of thermal strain by physiological
measurements
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Estimation of the thermal
insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble
Ergonomics Assessment of speech communication
71
JIS Z 8530 : 2000
JIS Z 8504 : 1999
CNS
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
JIS NO.
2003
EN ISO 10551 :
2001
ISO 10551 : 1995
EN ISO 11399 :
2001
ISO 11399 : 1995
EN 563 : 1994
ISO 13732-1:2006
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Assessment of the

influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement
scales
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Principles and application
of relevant International Standards
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the
assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1: Hot
surfaces
EN 614-1 : 1995
EN 842 : 1996
EN ISO 12894 :
2001
EN ISO 13731 :
2002
ISO 11428 : 1996

ISO 12894 : 2001
ISO 13731 : 2001
EN 894-1 : 1997
ISO 9355-1 : 1999
EN 894-2 : 1997
ISO 9355-2 : 1999
EN 894-3
PrEN 894-4
EN ISO 9241-1 :
1997
EN 29241-2 : 1993
ISO/DIS 9355-3
ISO/DIS 9355-4
ISO 9241-1 : 1997
ISO 9241-2 : 1992
Ergonomics Visual danger signals General requirements, design

and testing
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Medical supervision of
individuals exposed to extreme hot or cold environments
Ergonomics of the thermal environment Vocabulary and symbols
Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators Part 1: Human interactions with displays and control
actuators
Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators Part 2: Displays
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display

terminals (VDTs) Part 1: General introduction
72
JIS Z 8511 :1999

JIS Z 8512 : 1995
CNS
EN NO.
ISO/IEC NO.
EN 29241-3 : 1993
ISO 9241-3 : 1992
EN ISO 9241-4 :
1998
ISO 9241-4 : 1998
EN ISO 9241-5 :
1999
ISO 9241-5 : 1998
EN ISO 9241-6 :
2000
EN ISO 9241-7 :
1998
EN ISO 9241-8 :
1998
EN ISO 9241-9 :
2000
EN ISO 9241-10
EN ISO 9241-11 :
1998
EN ISO 9241-12 :
1999
EN ISO 9241-13 :
1999
EN ISO 9241-14 :
2000
ISO 9241-6 : 1999

ISO 9241-7 : 1998
ISO 9241-8 : 1997
ISO 8241-9 : 2000
JIS NO.

terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements
terminals (VDTs) Part 3: Visual display requirements
terminals (VDTs) Part 4: Keyboard requirements
terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Workstation layout and postural
requirements
terminals (VDTs) Part 6: Guidance on the work environment
terminals (VDTs) Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections
terminals (VDTs) Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours
terminals (VDTs) Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input
devices
ISO 9241-10 : 1996

ISO 9241-11 : 1998
ISO 9241-12 : 1998
ISO 9241-13 : 1998
ISO 9241-14 : 1997
JIS Z 8513 : 1994

JIS Z 8514 : 2000
JIS Z 8515 : 2002
JIS Z 8517 : 1999

JIS Z 8518 : 1998
JIS Z8520 : 1999

Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual
terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability
terminals (VDTs) Part 12: Presentation of information
terminals (VDTs) Part 13: User guidance
terminals (VDTs) Part 14: Menu dialogues
73
display
JIS Z 8521 : 1999
display
display
display
JIS Z 8524 : 1999
CNS
EN NO.
EN ISO 9241-15 :
1998
EN ISO 9241-16 :
1999
EN ISO 9241-17 :
1998
EN ISO 11064-1 :
2001
EN ISO 11064-2 :
2001
EN ISO 11064-3 :
2000
ENV ISO 11079 :
1999
EN ISO 13406-1 :
1999
EN ISO 13406-2 :
2002
ISO/IEC NO.
ISO 9241-15 : 1997
ISO 9241-16 : 1999
ISO 9241-17 : 1998
ISO 11064-1 : 2000
ISO 11064-2 : 2000
ISO 11064-3 : 1999
ISO/TR 11079 :
1993
ISO 13406-1 : 1999
ISO 13406-2 : 2001
ISO 11161 Ed.2.0 :
2007
JIS NO.

terminals (VDTs) Part 15: Command dialogues
terminals (VDTs) Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues
terminals (VDTs) -- Part 17: Form filling dialogues
Ergonomic design of control centres -- Part 1: Principles
design of control centres
Ergonomic design of control centres -- Part 2: Principles
arrangement of control suites
display
JIS Z 8525 : 2000
display
display
for the
for the
JIS Z 8527 : 2002

JIS Z 8503-1 : 2002
JIS Z 8503-2
Ergonomic design of control centres -- Part 3: Control room layout
JIS Z 8503-3 : 1999
Evaluation of cold environments -- Determination of required

clothing insulation (IREQ)
Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat
panels -- Part 1: Introduction
Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat
panels -- Part 2: Ergonomic requirements for flat panel displays
JIS Z 8528-1 : 2002
Safety of machineryIntegrated manufacturing systems Basic

requirements
74
CNS

........................................................................................................................................ 76
.................................................................................................................................... 77
.................................................................................................................................... 78
................................................................................................................................ 80
.................................................................................................................... 81
........................................................................................................................ 83
[1~7] ............................................................................................................... 87
4.1
................................................................................................... 87
4.2
....................................................................................................... 88
4.3
1 ............................................................................ 89
4.4
2 ............................................................................................ 95
4.5
3 .......................................................................................... 120
4.6
4 .......................................................................................... 140
4.7
......................................................................................................... 144
.................................................................................................................. 146
5.1
................................................................................................. 146
5.2
..................................................................................... 146
.............................................................................................................. 149
.............................................................................................................. 159
.............................................................................................. 165
.................................................................................................. 178
76

2-1
.................................................................................. 82
4-1
...................................................................................................... 88
4-2
(Oka Triangle) .................................................................................. 90
4-3
.................................................................................. 96
4-4
...................................................................................................... 97
4-5
............................................................................ 106
4-6
............................................ 126
4-7
(SRP/CS) .......................................... 129
4-8
PLr() ...................................... 130
4-9
DCavg MTTFd PL ............................... 133
4-10
.............................................................................. 137
4-11
S .............................................................................................. 138
4-12
.................................................. 139
4-13
.................................................................................. 141
5-1
.................................................... 147
77

4-1
...................................................................................... 92
4-2
...................................................................... 92
4-3
...................................................................................... 93
4-4
.............................................. 93
4-5
.......................................................................................................... 97
4-6
...................................................................................................................... 98
4-7
............................ 108
4-8
................................................................................................ 113
4-9
................................................................................................ 116
4-10
.................................................................. 120
4-11
.................................................................................................. 122
4-12
.................................................................. 123
4-13
(S) ................................................................................................. 123
4-14
.............................................................. 123
4-15
(K) ........................................................................................ 124
4-16
(~) ............................................................. 124
4-17
.......................................................................................... 124
4-18
3 (~) .................................................... 125
4-19
.............................................................................................. 125
4-20
...................................................................................... 126
4-21
.............................................................................................................. 126
4-22
(S) ................................................................................................. 127
4-23
(F) ......................................................................................... 127
4-24
(Q) ........................................................................................ 127
4-25
...................................................................... 128
4-26
PLr/PL(/) ...................................................................... 131
78
4-27
.................................................................................. 132
4-28
.......................................................................................... 134
4-29
.................................................................................................. 135
4-30
(MTTFd) ............................................................................... 136
4-31
(DC) ..................................................................................................... 136
4-32
.................................................................................................. 138
4-33
.................................................................................................. 141
4-34
...................................................................................................... 142
4-35
.................................................................................................. 143
5-1
........................................................................ 150
5-2
() ......................................................................... 150
5-3
........................................................................ 159
5-4
() ......................................................................... 160
5-5 ........................................................................ 165

5-6 ................................................................................ 166
5-7 .................................................................... 169
5-8 ............................................................................................ 179
5-9 ................................................................................................ 180
79
80
2-1
ISO 141211999 ISO

13849-12006
81
( ISO 14121 )
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
2-1
82

1.
2. (harm / injury)
(hazard)
3.
4.
4-3
5.
6. (RA: Risk assessment)
7.
8.
9.
10. (tolerable risk)

11.
12. (unacceptable risk)
13.
14.
15.
83
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. (Safety-Related Part of a Control System)
1(
)(
)
2 SRP/CS
23. PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action)
24. PL (Performance Level)
25. PLr (Required Performance Level)
26. (MTTFdMean Times to Dangerous Failure)
27. (Diagnostic Coverage)(

)()
28.
84
29. (fault resistance)

()
30.
2ISO 13849-1
31.
1
2
3
32. SRP/CS
channe architecture
33. (Common Cause Failure)
34.
1
2
3
85
35.
36.
(
)
86
[1~7]
4.1
[7]
safetysafesafetysafe
secrus
sine cura
without worry
87

()
4.2
4-1
4-1
88
4.3
(
)(
)
4.3.1
1
(
)
()
1 ( 4-1)
()(
)
2 ( 4-2 )
( 4-3 )
89

()
A.
B.
C.
A.
B.
4-2
(Oka Triangle)
90
()
1 (
)
2 (
)
(
)
91
3 (
)
4-1
(
)
4-2
()
()
(
)
()
92

(
)
4-3
1
()
()
()
()
()
4.3.2
4-4
4-4
93
()
z
(
)
z (

4-1)
94
(
)
4.4
4.4.1
(
) ISO 12100-1 4-5 4-6
ISO 14121
1
2 ()
JIS B 9700-12004
()
95
4-3 4-4
( 0 1)
( 2)
()
4-3
96
(
)
()
4-4
4-5
(a)
(1)(2)(3)(4)
(5)(6)
(
(b)

(1)(2)
/
(3)
)
(4)
(5)(6)
97
(c)
(1)/(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)(2)
(3)
(4)(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(IEC 60204-1)

4-6
()
()
98
(
)
(
)
(
)
()
()
99
()()
(
)
()
75N150N(N)
/10 ~50 16 ()
65N~146N 13N~46N
133N~245N
ISO 10218()
250mm/s()
IEC 60204-1
1
10 1 10 8
65 55 51 48 43
51 48 43
80 66 56 48 43
85 71 60 48 43
110 89 60 48 43
*15
/ 4
80dB (07:00~20:00)70dB(20:00~23:00)65dB(23:00~07:00)
4
100
(1)
90dB
85dB~90dB
85dB
4-6
()
()
(2)
()
A
90dB
B
85dB 90dB
C
80dB
D
80dB
A
B
C
D
8 4
2.5
1 1
2.5
101
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
80dB (EU /)
ISO 1999
LAeg24h=70dB(A)(
)
140 dB ()120 dB ()
* LAegTA T
65 dB (8 ~20 )60 dB (20 )

()
//
0<f<30kHz

30kHz<f<300GHz

1mm>>780nm

780nm>>380nm
380nm>>100nm
X
<100nmW>12 eV

W>12eV
102
()
F==W=/
0 24
1 24 (
)
1 8

(

)
2

1

MSDS
(1) 3kg
20mm~40mm125mm
2m
600mm x 500mm()
(2) 25kg
250mm
Guide
103
()
(1)
(2)
)
()()
104
()
20
()
(1)
()
()
EN 547-1 EN547-3
(2)
500~1,700mm
JIS B 9713-1 1 2
JIS B 9713-2 2
JIS B 9713-3 3 ()
JIS B 9713-4 4
4-5
4.4.2
1
()
105
Prccess hazard
Hardware hazard
Control hazard
Human hazard
identification
identification
identification
Identification
HAZOP
FMEA
CHAZOP
Task analysis
What it
FMECA
SADT
HTA
FTA
MOp
Structured methods
Action error analysis
PHA
Maintenance
Human rellability
Analysis
analysis
4-5
HAZOPHazard and operability study

FTAFault tree analysis
PHAPreliminary hazard analysis
FMEAFailure mode and effect analysis
FMECAFailure modes,effects,and criticality analysis
MopMaintenance and operability study
CHAZOPComputer hazard and operability study
SADTStructured analysis and design techniques
HTAHierarchical task analysis
4-7 JIS B 97022000 A
No.1
No.9 No.20
106
4-7
()
JIS B 9702
2000 ISO 141211999
(KY)
()
2
4-7
NO1~19 ISO12100
NO20~37 NO1~19
NO20~26 NO27~29
NO30~33 NO34~37
107
4-7
No.
(1)
a)
b)
c)()
d)()
e)
(2)
f)
g)
h)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
()
2.2
()
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
108
No.
4.1
()()
4.2
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
()
7.1
7.2
7.3
()()
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
10
/ (
)
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
()
10.5
10.6
()
109
No.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
()
20
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
21
()
21.1
21.2
21.3
()
21.4
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)()
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.10
22
110
No.
22.1
22.2
23
24
24.1
24.2
24.3
25
25.1
25.2
25.3
26
27
27.1
27.1.1
27.1.2
27.1.3
27.1.4 /
27.1.5 /
27.1.6 1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
///
27.9
()
28
28.1
29
29.1
111
No.
30
30.1
30.2
30.3
31
32
33
34
34.1
34.2
34.3
()
34.4
35
36
37
JIS B 97022000- A
(89/392/EEC)(NIIS-SD-No.14)
112
4.4.3
4-8
4-8
No.
4-7
No.2
() 4-3
No.1
No.1
113
No.
No.2
114
No.
2 3
No.7 2
4-7
No.1 No.3
(
1 No.4
)
No.6
1 1
4-9
4-9
2
115
4-9
No.
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
Mechanical hazards due to machine part or work piece.
Crushing /Squeezing
Shearing
Cutting
severing
Entanglement
Drawing-in
Trapping
Impact
Stabbing
puncture
Friction
abrasion
High pressure fluid injection

Electrical hazards
or
or
or
or
()
Electrical contact: direct
() Electrical contact: indirect
Approach to live part under high

pressure
Electrostatic phenomena
(Thermal radiation or other phenomena

such as projection of molten particles
and
chemical
effects
from
short-circuits, overloads etc.)
Thermal hazards
Burns and scalds, by a possible contact

of persons by flames or explosions and
also by radiation of heat sources
116
No.
3.2
4.1
4.2
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
7
7.1
Health-damaging effects by hot or cold

work
environment
Hazards generated by noise
()
()
Hearing losses (deafness), other
physiological disorders (e.g. loss of
balance, loss of awareness
Interference
with
speech
communication, acoustic signals etc.
Hazards generated by vibration
Use of hand-held machines resulting in

a variety of neurological and vascular
disorder
Whole body vibration, particular when

combined with poor postures
Hazards generated by radiation
Low / high frequency, radio frequency

radiation, microwaves
Infrared, visible and ultraviolet light

X X and gamma rays

Alpha, beta rays, electron or ion beams,
neutrons
Lasers
()
Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used or exhausted
by machinery
117
No.
7.2
7.3
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
9
10
Hazards resulting
from contact with or inhalation of
harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and
dusts
Fire and
explosion
()(
)
Biological and micro-biologic al (viral
or bacterial)
Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design

(mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities)
Unhealthy posture or excessive efforts

Inadequate with hand-arm or foot-leg
anatomy
Neglected use of personal protection

equipment
Inadequate local
lighting
Mental overload or underload, stress

etc.
Human errors, human
behavior
Inadequate
design,
location
or
identification of manual controls
Inadequate design or location of visual

display units
() Combination of hazards
/ (
)
118
No.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun /over-speed

/
Failure/disorder of control system
(unexpected
start-up,
unexpected
overrun)
Restoration of energy supply after an

interruption.
External influence on electrical

equipment
()
Other external influences ( gravity,
wind, etc.)
Errors in the software
(
)Errors made by the
operator (due to mismatch of machinery
with human characteristic and abilities,
see 8.6)
Impossibility of stopping the machine

in the best possible condition
Variations in the rotational speed of

tools
Failure of the power
supply
Failure of the control
circuit
Errors of fitting
Break-up during
operation
Falling or ejected objects or fluids
Loss of stability / overturning of

machinery
()
Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to
machine)
119
4.5
()(
)
4-10
1)
3)
4-10
2)
z ()
z ()
z ()
z
(1 z
z
z
z
z
z
(2
z
z
z
z
(3
z
z
z
120
4.5.1
1
2
3
4 ISO 13849-1
P-D-C-A
()
z ()
z
z
~
4-11
4-12 4-18
()
//
JIS B 9705-1 DIN V 19250 ( 4-6)

()
121

( 4-19 4-20)
4-11
No.
( 60 )
(S) 4-13
S1~S4 4
4-13
S1~S4
4 S2
4-15
K1~K4 4
K1
(S2)(K1)
3
4-16
(K)
z
z
(K) 4-15
K1~K4 4
4-15
No.1 (S) No.2 (K)
122
4-11 No.1 (S) 4-12 N

4-12 No.2 (K) 4-14 P
4-12
()
4-13
(S)
()
()
(S)
(
S1
()
S2
()
S3
( 8~14 )
S4
( 1~7 3
)
4-14
123
4-15
(K)
(K)
K1
( 1 1 )
K2
(1 1 )
K3
(2 1 )
K4
(1 1 )
4-16
(~)
( 5 )
(K1)
(K2)
(K3)
(K4)
(S1)
(S2)
(S3)
(S4)
4-17
(R)
124
(R)
( 4-18)
4-18
3 (~)
F1 ()
F1 ()
P1 ()
P2 ()
P1 ()
P2 ()
(S1)
(S2)
(S3)
(S4)
4
4-19
(catastrophic)
SS100
(serious)
99SS90
(moderate)
89SS30
(minor)
29SS0
125
4-6
4-20
(very likely)
(likely or certain to
occur)
(likely can occur) (but not probable)
(unlikely)
(not likely to occur)
PS100
99PS70
69PS30
29PS0
(remote)
(very likely)
(likely)
(unlikely)
(remote)
4-21
4-21
159
(high)
160
(medium)
120
119
(low)
90
89
(negligible)
126
()
3
(S) 4-22
4-12 (F) 4-23
(Q) 4-24
4-22
(S)
10
( 1~7 )
( 8~14 )
()
()
4-23
(F)
(F)
(1 1 1 )
(1 1 )
( 1 1 )
4-24
(Q)
(Q)
(/)
()
(/)
(/)
127

(Q)
4-25
(R)
= (S) + (F) +
(Q)
4-25
(R)
(S+F+Q)
12~20
8~11
5~7
3~4
() ISO 13849-1
ISO 13849-12006
=
=
ISO 13849-12006 IEC
620612005 ISO 13849-12006 ISO 13849-1
2006 4-7
z
1 ( 4-7)
128
SRP/CSs
1
PLr
PL

MTTFd
DC
CCF

PL
4-7
(SRP/CS)
129
2 ( 4-7)
PLr()PLr/PL
4-26
4-8 ISO 13849-12006 A
PL()PLr/PL a e PL
P1
F1
P2
S1
P1
P2
P1
F2
F1
P2
S2
P1
F2
P2
d
e
H
S=
S1=
S2=
F=
F1=
F2=
P=
P1= P2=
4-8
PLr()
130
4-26
PLr/PL
PLr/PL(/)
PLr/PL
1/h
10-5 PDF < 10-4
3 x 10-6 PDF < 10-5
10-6 PDF < 3 x 10-6
10-7 PDF < 10-6
10-8 PDF < 10-7
S1
F() P()
PLa/PLra
10-4 10-5
S1
F1=
F2=
10-5 3 x 10-6
S1 S2 S1
F2=
S2 F1=
3 x 10-6 10-6
S2F1=
F2=
10-6 10-7
F2=
10-7 10-8
*PDF=Probability of dangerous failure.
131
3 ( 4-9)
2 PLr(
)
z
4 ( 4-9)
PL()
(PLa PLe 4-26)PL
( 4-27 4-28 4-29)
MTTFd () ( 4-13)
DC () ( 4-14)
CCF ()
PL
4-27
B1234
MTTFd
3 10
10 30
30 100
DC
0% 60%
60% 90%
90% 99%
99%
2%
1oo1
1oo2D
132
/
PL
1
DCavg
2
DCavg
2
DCavg
3
DCavg
3
DCavg
4
DCavg
PL
1. MTTFd=
2. MTTFd=
3. MTTFd=
4-9
DCavg MTTFd PL
PL SISTEMA
(1) SISTEMA
http://www.dguv.de/bgia/en/pra/softwa/sistema/index.jsp
(2) Safety Evaluation toolhttp://auromation.siemens.com
(3) PL Evaluator lite
http://www.fa.omron.co.jp/product/specia/4/safety_support/contract.html
(4) PAScalhttp://www.pilz.com/index.jsp
133
4-28 4-29
4-28
SRP/CS
()
134
MTTFd
DCavg
CCF
( DC)
4-29
1oo1
(1 out of 1)
(

)
ISO
13849-1
B
1 2
1oo1D
(1 out of 1
diagnostic)
3
1o2D
(1 out of 2 4
diagnostic)
135
(MTTFd)
4-30
4-30
(MTTFd)
MTTFd
3 MTTFd<10
10 MTTFd< 30
30 MTTFd<100
(DC)
4-31
4-31
(DC)
DC
DC <60%
60% DC < 90%
90% DC < 99%
99% DC
(CCF)
234 B 1
z
5 ( 4-7)
PL PL PLr (PLPLr) PLr(

) PL
z
6 ( 4-7)
7 ( 4-7)
ISO 14121 ISO 13849-1 4-10
136
(PLr/PL)
4-11
4
PLr PL 4.4
ISO13849-12006
* 1
*RI 1 6
ISO 14121 / ISO 13849-1
O1
O2
S1
F1
F2
S2
F1
F2
* 1)
PLr
O3
PL
A1
A2
A1
A2
A1
A2
A1
A2
R1=
5 6
3 4
4-10
ISO 13849-1
S
S2
ISO
13849-1
1 2
3
ISO / TR 14121-2
A.19 S
137
ISO 13849-1
S
ISO / TR 14121-2
A.19 S
A1
4-11
4-32
S
S1
()
S2
()
(MST)
F1
() 2 15
F2
() 2 15
A1
0.25m/s
()
A2
O1
( ISO 13849-2
2003)
O2
6
()
10 ()
O3
(6 )
6
()
10 ()
138
4-10
4-8
S2
F2F2
( 4-32 A1) 0.25m/s

A1
4-8 O1O2O3
( 4-32)
4-12
139

O1 O1
(RI) O1 32
PLr PL d
( 4-12)
4.5.2
()
z
z
(
)
z
a. ()
b. ()
c.
d.
e. ()
4.6
4
(~)
140
( 4-13)
4-33~ 4-35
4-13
4-33

(kw)
()

()
(1)
(2)
141
()
(1)
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)/
(2)
(3)
()
4-34
(DC24V)
()
()
(dB )
142
RA

()
9
10
( cm )
( kg )
VDT
11
4-35
No.
RA

1
2
3
143
4.7
1.
1 6
2.
[]
(1) ()
(2) ()
(3)
g.
h.
i. ()
144
j.
k.
l.
(4)
e. ()
f. ()
g.
(5) ()
a.
b.
c. (
)
d.
(6) ()
a.
b. ()()
(7)
a.
145

4
2-1 5-1~5-4
5.1
5.2
5-1
5-1
146
5-1
147
2011
2
2012 3
3
2008
4
2012 3
5
2012 3
6
2008 3
7 2012 3

148
5-1
4-9
4-9 NO1~19
5-2
ISO13849-1
149
5-1

(kw)
()

()
(
)
(1)
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(/)

()
5-2
CW001
10
1
0.18~200 kW
Online / offline /
100 L
12r/min
W 1,400 mm x L 950 mm x H 1,350 mm
110 kg
(10~45)(10~80%)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)()
()
()
()
/
No.
(Mechanical hazards due to machine part or work piece.)
1.1
1.
150
No.
(Crushing /Squeezing)
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

2.

3.
(Shearing)

(Cutting or severing)
1.
2.
3.
(Entanglement)
4.
5.
(Drawing-in
or
Trapping)

(Impact)
(Stabbing or puncture)
(Friction or abrasion)
151
No.
1.9
2
(High pressure fluid

injection)
(Electrical hazards)
()
(Electrical
contact:
direct)
2.2
)(
Electrical
contact: indirect)
2.3
(Approach to live part

under high pressure)
2.1
2.4
2.5
(Electrostatic
phenomena)
(Thermal radiation or
other phenomena such
as
projection
of
molten particles and
chemical effects from
short-circuits,
overloads etc.)
(Thermal hazards)
152
No.
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
(Burns and scalds, by

a possible contact of
persons by flames or
explosions and also
by radiation of heat
sources)

(Health-damaging
effects by hot or cold
work environment)
(Hazards generated by noise)
()

)
(Hearing
losses
(deafness),
other
physiological
disorders (e.g. loss of
balance,
loss
of
awareness)

(Interference
with
speech
communication,
acoustic signals etc.)

(Hazards generated by
vibration)
153
No.
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
7
7.1
(Use of hand-held
machines resulting in
a
variety
of
neurological
and
vascular disorder)

(Whole
body
vibration, particular
when combined with
poor postures)
(Hazards generated by radiation)
(Low
/
high
frequency,
radio
frequency radiation,
microwaves)

(Infrared, visible and

ultraviolet light)
X (X and
gamma rays)

(Alpha, beta rays,

electron or ion beams,
neutrons)
(Lasers)
()
(Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used or
exhausted by machinery)

154
No.
(Hazards
resulting
from contact with or
inhalation of harmful
fluids, gases, mists,
fumes and dusts)
7.2
7.3
8.1
8.2
8.3
(Fire and explosion)
()
(
)
[Biological
and
micro-biologic
al
(viral or bacterial) ]
[Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design

(mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities)]

(Unhealthy posture or
excessive efforts)
(Inadequate
with
hand-arm or foot-leg
anatomy)

(Neglected use of
personal
protection
equipment)
155
No.
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
9
10
(Inadequate
local
lighting)

(Mental overload or
underload, stress etc.)

(Human
errors,
human behavior)

(Inadequate design,
location
or
identification
of
manual controls)

(Inadequate design or
location of visual
display units)
()
( Combination of hazards)
/ (
)
/ (
10.1
)
(Unexpected
start-up, unexpected
overrun /over-speed)
/
[Failure/disorder of
10.2 control
system
(unexpected start-up,
unexpected overrun) ]
10.3
156
No.
(Restoration of energy
supply
after
an
interruption.)
10.4
(External influence on
electrical equipment)
(
)
10.5 [
Other
external
influences ( gravity,
wind, etc.) ]

10.6 (Errors
in
the
software)
(
)[Errors
made by the operator
11
(due to mismatch of
machinery
with
human characteristic
and abilities, see
8.6) ]
(Impossibility
of
12
stopping the machine
in the best possible
condition)
(Variations in the
13
rotational speed of
tools)
14
(Failure of the power
supply)
15
(Failure of the control
circuit)
157
No.
16
(Errors
of fitting)
(Break-up
during
operation)

(Falling or ejected
objects or fluids)

(Loss of stability /
overturning
of
machinery)
17
18
19
158
5-3
4-9
5-4
ISO 13849-1
5-3
T-1
15
1
8"xd 3/4"xt 3/4"
50 HZ
1/2HP
1/6HP
90 m/s
W510 mm x L460 mm x H1000 mm
159
()
110 Kg
(5~50)(10~70%)
1.
2.
3.
()
(1)
(2)
()
1.
(1)
2.
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(/)

()
5-4
No.
1.
2.
3.
()
()
/
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
160
No.
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1

(
)
2.2

()

2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
161
No.
4.1
()
(
4.2
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
()
7.1
7.2
7.3
()
()
162
No.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
10
/ (
)
10.1 /
10.2
10.3
(
10.4
)
10.5
(
10.6
)
11
163
No.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

()
164
5-5
5-6
5-7
ISO13849-1
5-6
5-5
(kw)
()
(AGV)
AGV 10
10
1
0.56 kW x 2 0.1 Kw x 2
0.16 kW
Online / offline /
1,000 kg
60 m/min
W 1,130 mm x L 1,630 mm x H 550 mm
165
(AGV)
650 kg
(0~40)(10~90%)
()
(
)
(1)
(
(2)
)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(4)
()
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)(
)
()
()
()
(AGV )
5-6
(AGV)
RA
2.3.12.15.16.17.
18.24.26.29.33.41
166
(AGV)
4
5
6
(DC24V)
()
()
(dB )
(
)
( cm )
( kg )
VDT
RA
20.22.25.30.32.36
46.47
27
7.44.50
10
11
167
37
8.13.23.
34.35.38.
39.40.42.
43.45
28.31
(AGV)
RA
RA 5-7 NO.
168
5-7
AGV
(AGV)
No. /
/ 0
AGV / AGV
AGV AGV
/
/
AGV / AGV
/
/ AGV
/ AGV
/
/
AGV
AGV /
/ /
169
AGV
AGV

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
AGV
AGV /
10
AGV
/
11
12
AGV /
170
AGV /
AGV

AGV
AGV
AGV
/
/
AGV
/
/

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
/
AGV
13
/
AGV
/
/
AGV /
14
/
AGV
15
16
17
18
19
AGV
AGV
/ AGV /
/ AGV
AGV
AGV
/ AGV /
/ AGV
/
AGV AGV
/ AGV
/ AGV
/ AGV
AGV
/ AGV
/ AGV

/ AGV AGV AGV
171

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
/ / AGV

20
21
22
23
24
25
AGV
/ AGV
/ / AGV
AGV
/ AGV
/ AGV
AGV
/ AGV
/ / AGV
AGV
/ AGV
/ /AGV
AGV AGV AGV

/
/ /
AGV AGV/ AGV

/
/
172
(
)
AGV
/
AGV
/
AGV
AGV
AGV

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
26
2
/ AGV
AGV / / AGV
27
AGV
/ AGV
/ /AGV
28
AGV
/ AGV /
/AGV
29
AGV
/ AGV /
/AGV
30
31
/
/ AGV
/ AGV /
173
AGV
/AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
/AGV
/ AGV
/ AGV
32
/AGV AGV
AGV
AGV
/ AGV
AGV
33
/ /AGV
/
AGV AGV
/ AGV
34
/AGV
/
AGV
/ AGV
AGV /
35
AGV
AGV
/ AGV /
36
/AGV

174

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
37
/
AGV

38
/
AGV
39
AGV
/
40
/ AGV
41
42
AGV
43
AGV
AGV
AGV
/ AGV /
AGV/ AGV
/
AGV AGV
/AGV
/ AGV
/AGV AGV
/
/ AGV AGV
AGV /
AGV
AGV AGV / AGV

175

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
AGV /
44
/
AGV AGV /
45
46
/ AGV
/ AGV
/AGV
47
48
/ AGV
/ AGV
/AGV
/
AGV /
176
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV
AGV

AGV
(AGV)
No. /
49
50
AGV
/
/
AGV
/
177
5-8 5-9
178
5-8
LM-3200F
15
1
170 mm
21000 cm3
19200 gram
190 HP
123 kw
3800 L
L15900 mm x W5000 mm x H3800 mm
220
1
179
()
(1)
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
()
1
2
1
2
()
()
5-9
No.
(Mechanical hazards due to machine part or work piece.)

1.1
1.2
1.
2.
(Crushing
/Squeezing)
1.3
1.4
1.1
180
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.3.

No.
2.1
1.2
1.3
(Shearing)
1.
(Cutting
or
severing)
1.4
1.
(Entanglement)
1.5
(Drawing-in or
Trapping)
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.

2.
(Impact)
1.
(Stabbing
or
puncture)
(Friction
or
abrasion)
181
1.1
1.1.1.

1.1
1.2
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.3.
1.1.
2.1
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.3.
1.1.
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
No.
1.9
1.
(High
pressure
fluid injection)
2.1
2.2
2.3
(Electrical hazards)
1.
()
(Electrical
contact: direct)
1.
(
)( Electrical
contact: indirect)
1.1.1.
1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.3.
/
1.1.
/
1.1.1.
1. /
/
(Approach to live
/
part under high
pressure)
2.4
1.
(Electrostatic
phenomena)
2.5
1.
(Thermal
radiation or other
182
1.1.
1.1.1.
1.1.
1.2.
1.1.
1.1.1.
1.2.1.
(
)
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.1.
1.1.
1.1.2.
No.
3.1
3.2
4.1
phenomena such
as projection of
molten particles
and
chemical
effects
from
short-circuits,
overloads etc.)
(Thermal hazards)
1.
(Burns
and 2.
scalds,
by
a
possible contact
of persons by
flames
or
explosions
and
also by radiation
of heat sources)
(Health-damaging
effects by hot or
cold
work
environment)
(Hazards generated by noise)

(
)
(
) 1.
(Hearing losses
(deafness), other
physiological
disorders
(e.g.
183
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
()
1.4.
()
1.1.1.
1.1.2. .
1.1.1.
1.1.
1.1.2. .
No.
4.2
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
loss of balance,
loss
of
awareness))
(Interference with
speech
communication,
acoustic signals
etc.)
(Hazards generated by vibration)
(Use of hand-held
machines
resulting in a
variety
of
neurological and
vascular disorder)
(Whole
body
vibration,
particular when
combined
with
poor postures)
(Hazards generated by radiation)
(Low
/
high 1. /
frequency, radio
frequency
radiation,
microwaves)
(Infrared, visible
and
ultraviolet
light)
184
1.1.
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
No.
6.3
6.4
6.5
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
X (X
and gamma rays)

(Alpha, beta rays,

electron or ion
beams, neutrons)
(Lasers)
()
(Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used or
exhausted by machinery)
1.1.
(Hazards
1.1.1.
()
resulting
from 1.
1.1.2.
2.
contact with or
1.2. ( )
inhalation
of
harmful
fluids,
gases,
mists,
fumes and dusts)

1.1. ( )
1.1.1.

3.
(Fire
and
1.1.2.
explosion)
()
(
[Biological and
micro-biologic al
(viral
or
bacterial) ]
[Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design

185
No.
8.1
8.2
8.3
(mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities)]

1.1.
1.
(Unhealthy
posture
or
excessive efforts)
(Inadequate with
hand-arm
or
foot-leg anatomy)
1.1.
(Neglected use of 1.
personal
protection
equipment)
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
1.1.3.
1.1.1.
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
1.
(Inadequate local
lighting)
(Mental overload
or
underload,
stress etc.)
1.
2.
(Human errors,
human behavior)
1.
(Inadequate
1.1.
1.1.2.

1.1.3.
1.1.

1.1.1.
1.1.2.
186
1.1. 1.1.1.

1.1.2.
No.
design, location
or identification
of
manual controls)
1.1.
8.8
9.
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
1.
(Inadequate

design or location
of visual display
units)
1.2.
1.1.1.
1.2.1.
() ( Combination of hazards)
/ (
)
(Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun /over-speed)
1.2.
/

[Failure/disorder
1.1.1.
of control system 1.
1.1.2.
(unexpected
start-up,
unexpected
overrun) ]
(Restoration of
energy
supply
after
an
interruption.)
(External
influence
on
electrical
equipment)
1. 1.1. 1.1.1.
1.1.2.
()
187
No.
[ Other external
influences
( gravity, wind,
etc.) ]
1.
10.5 (Errors in the
software)
)
[Errors made by
10.6 the operator (due 1.
to mismatch of
machinery with
human
characteristic and
abilities,
see 8.6) ]
(Impossibility of
11
stopping
the
machine in the
best
possible
condition)
12
(Variations in the
rotational speed
of tools)
1.
13
(Failure of the
power supply)
14
(Failure of the
1.1.
1.1.1.

1.1.

1.1.1.
1.1.2.
(
)
188
1.1.1.

1.1.2.
1.1.
No.
control circuit)
1.1.
15
16
17
(Errors of fitting)
1.
1.
(Break-up during
operation)
1.
(Falling
or
ejected objects or
fluids)
1.1.
1.1.
1.2.

1.1.1.
/
18
(Loss of stability
/ overturning of
machinery)
19
)
1.
[Slip, trip and fall

of
persons
(related
to
machine)]
189
1.1.2.
1.1.1.
/
1.1.2.
1.1.1.
/
1.1.2.
1.1.
1.1.1.
1.1.2.

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102 IOSH102-S309

Importing Machinery Safety Standard Design Stage

Importing Machinery Safety Standard

Importing Machinery Safety Standard

2012 [2] ............................................................. 2

2012 [2] ............................................. 3

2012 [2] ......................................................... 3

102 2012 6,320

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ISO 13855 : 2002

IEC 62046 : 2008

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ISO 14123-2 : 1998

ISO 11201 : 1995

ISO 11202 : 1995

ISO 4414 : 1998

ISO 4413 : 1998

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ISO 7243 : 1989

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ISO 13854 : 1996

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JIS B 9711 : 2002

JIS B 9715 : 2006

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JIS B 9705-1 : 2000

ISO 13857 : 2008

JIS B 9717-1 : 2011

ISO 13856-3 : 2006

ISO 14118 : 2000

ISO 14119 : 1998

ISO 14120 : 2002

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JIS B 9714 : 2006

ISO 14122-1 : 2001

prEN ISO 14122-4

ISO 14122-4 : 2004

ISO 14123-1 : 1998

ISO 14123-2 : 1998

ISO 14159 : 2002

JIS B 9710 : 2006

JIS B 9716 : 2006

JIS B 9713-2 : 2004

JIS B 9713-3 : 2004

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