Factories Act, 1948

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FactoriesAct1948
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Factoriesact|ByVakilNo1
FactoriesAct,1948
PageContents[hide]
1.SHORTTITLE,EXTENTANDCOMMENCEMENT.
2.INTERPRETATION.
3.REFERENCESTOTIMEOFDAY.
4.POWERTODECLAREDIFFERENTDEPARTMENTSTOBESEPARATEFACTORIES
ORTWOORMOREFACTORIESTOBEASINGLEFACTORY.
5.POWERTOEXEMPTDURINGPUBLICEMERGENCY.
6.APPROVAL,LICENSINGANDREGISTRATIONOFFACTORIES.
7.NOTICEBYOCCUPIER.
7A.GENERALDUTIESOFTHEOCCUPIER.
http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/factoriesact/factoriesact.html
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7B.GENERALDUTIESOFMANUFACTURERS,ETC.,ASREGARDSARTICLESAND
SUBSTANCESFORUSEINFACTORIES.
8.INSPECTORS.
9.POWERSOFINSPECTORS.
10CERTIFYINGSURGEONS.
11.CLEANLINESS.
12.DISPOSALOFWASTESANDEFFLUENTS.
13.VENTILATIONANDTEMPERATURE.
14.DUSTANDFUME.
15.ARTIFICIALHUMIDIFICATION.
16.OVERCROWDING.
17.LIGHTING.
18.DRINKINGWATER.
19.LATRINESANDURINALS.
20.SPITTOONS.
21.FENCINGOFMACHINERY.
22.WORKONORNEARMACHINERYINMOTION.
23.EMPLOYMENTOFYOUNGPERSONSONDANGEROUSMACHINES.
24.STRIKINGGEARANDDEVICESFORCUTTINGOFFPOWER.
25.SELFACTINGMACHINES.
26.CASINGOFNEWMACHINERY.
27.PROHIBITIONOFEMPLOYMENTOFWOMENANDCHILDRENNEARCOTTON
OPENERS.
28.HOISTSANDLIFTS.
29.LIFTINGMACHINES,CHAINS,ROPESANDLIFTINGTACKLES.
30.REVOLVINGMACHINERY.
31.PRESSUREPLANT.
32.FLOORS,STAIRSANDMEANSOFACCESS.
33.PITS,SUMPS,OPENINGSINFLOORS,ETC.
34.EXCESSIVEWEIGHTS.
35.PROTECTIONOFEYES.
36.PRECAUTIONSAGAINSTDANGEROUSFUMES,GASES,ETC.
36A.PRECAUTIONSREGARDINGTHEUSEOFPORTABLEELECTRICLIGHT.
37.EXPLOSIVEORINFLAMMABLEDUST,GAS,ETC.
38.PRECAUTIONSINCASEOFFIRE.
39.POWERTOREQUIRESPECIFICATIONSOFDEFECTIVEPARTSORTESTSOF
STABILITY.
40.SAFETYOFBUILDINGSANDMACHINERY.
40A.MAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGS.
40B.SAFETYOFFICERS.
41POWERTOMAKERULETOSUPPLEMENTTHISCHAPTER.
41A.CONSTITUTIONOFSITEAPPRAISALCOMMITTEES.
41B.COMPULSORYDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATIONBYTHEOCCUPIER.
41C.SPECIFICRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEOCCUPIERINRELATIONTOHAZARDOUS
PROCESSES.
41D.POWEROFCENTRALGOVERNMENTTOAPPOINTINQUIRYCOMMITTEE.
41E.EMERGENCYSTANDARDS.
41F.PERMISSIBLELIMITSOFEXPOSUREOFCHEMICALANDTOXIC
SUBSTANCES.
41G.WORKERSPARTICIPATIONINSAFETYMANAGEMENT.
41H.RIGHTOFWORKERSTOWARNABOUTIMMINENTDANGER.
42.WASHINGFACILITIES.
43.FACILITIESFORSTORINGANDDRYINGCLOTHING.
44.FACILITIESFORSITTING.
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45.FIRSTAIDAPPLIANCES.
46.CANTEENS.
47.SHELTERS,RESTROOMSANDLUNCHROOMS.
48.CRECHES.
49.WELFAREOFFICERS.
50.POWERTOMAKERULESTOSUPPLEMENTTHISCHAPTER.
51.WEEKLYHOURS.
52.WEEKLYHOLIDAYS.
53.COMPENSATORYHOLIDAYS.
54.DAILYHOURS.
55.INTERVALSFORREST.
56.SPREADOVER.
57.NIGHTSHIFTS.
58.PROHIBITIONOFOVERLAPPINGSHIFTS.
59.EXTRAWAGESFOROVERTIME.
60.RESTRICTIONONDOUBLEEMPLOYMENT.
61.NOTICEOFPERIODSOFWORKFORADULTS.
62.REGISTEROFADULTWORKERS.
63.HOURSOFWORKTOCORRESPONDWITHNOTICEUNDERSECTION61AND
REGISTERUNDERSECTION62.
64.POWERTOMAKEEXEMPTINGRULES.
65.POWERTOMAKEEXEMPTINGORDERS.
66.FURTHERRESTRICTIONSONEMPLOYMENTOFWOMEN.
67.PROHIBITIONOFEMPLOYMENTOFYOUNGCHILDREN.
68.NONADULTWORKERSTOCARRYTOKENS.
69.CERTIFICATESOFFITNESS.
70.EFFECTOFCERTIFICATEOFFITNESSGRANTEDTOADOLESCENT.
71.WORKINGHOURSFORCHILDREN.
72.NOTICEOFPERIODSOFWORKFORCHILDREN.
73.REGISTEROFCHILDWORKERS.
74.HOURSOFWORKTOCORRESPONDWITHNOTICEUNDERSECTION72AND
REGISTERUNDERSECTION73.
75.POWERTOREQUIREMEDICALEXAMINATION.
76.POWERTOMAKERULES.
77.CERTAINOTHERPROVISIONSOFLAWNOTBARRED.
78.APPLICATIONOFCHAPTER.
79.ANNUALLEAVEWITHWAGES.
80.WAGESDURINGLEAVEPERIOD.
81.PAYMENTINADVANCEINCERTAINCASES.
82.MODEOFRECOVERYOFUNPAIDWAGES.
84.POWERSTOEXEMPTFACTORIES.
85.POWERTOAPPLYTHEACTTOCERTAINPREMISES.
86.POWERTOEXEMPTPUBLICINSTITUTIONS.
87.DANGEROUSOPERATIONS.
87A.POWERTOPROHIBITEMPLOYMENTONACCOUNTOFSERIOUSHAZARD.
88.NOTICEOFCERTAINACCIDENTS.
88A.NOTICEOFCERTAINDANGEROUSOCCURRENCES.
89.NOTICEOFCERTAINDISEASES.
90.POWERTODIRECTENQUIRYINTOCASESOFACCIDENTORDISEASE.
91.POWERTOTAKESAMPLES.
91A.SAFETYANDOCCUPATIONALHEALTHSURVEYS.
92.GENERALPENALTYFOROFFENCES.
93.LIABILITYOFOWNEROFPREMISESINCERTAINCIRCUMSTANCES.
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94.ENHANCEDPENALTYAFTERPREVIOUSCONVICTION.
95.PENALTYFOROBSTRUCTINGINSPECTOR.
96.PENALTYFORWRONGFULLYDISCLOSINGRESULTSOFANALYSISUNDER
SECTION91.
96A.PENALTYFORCONTRAVENTIONOFTHEPROVISIONSOFSECTIONS41B,41C
AND41H.
97.OFFENCESBYWORKERS.
98.PENALTYFORUSINGFALSECERTIFICATEOFFITNESS.
99.PENALTYFORPERMITTINGDOUBLEEMPLOYMENTOFCHILD.
100.DETENTIONOFOCCUPIERINCERTAINCASES.
101.EXEMPTIONOFOCCUPIERORMANAGERFROMLIABILITYINCERTAIN
CASES.
102.POWEROFCOURTTOMAKEORDERS.
103.PRESUMPTIONASTOEMPLOYMENT.
104.ONUSASTOAGE.
104A.ONUSOFPROVINGLIMITSOFWHATISPRACTICABLE,ETC.
105.COGNIZANCEOFOFFENCES.
106.LIMITATIONOFPROSECUTIONS.
106A.JURISDICTIONOFACOURTFORENTERTAININGPROCEEDINGS,ETC.,FOR
OFFENCE.
107.APPEALS.
108.DISPLAYOFNOTICES.
109.SERVICEOFNOTICE.
110.RETURNS.
111.OBLIGATIONSOFWORKERS.
111A.RIGHTOFWORKERS,ETC.
112.GENERALPOWERTOMAKERULES.
113.POWERSOFCENTRETOGIVEDIRECTIONS.
114.NOCHARGEFORFACILITIESANDCONVENIENCES.
115.PUBLICATIONOFRULES.
116.APPLICATIONOFACTTOGOVERNMENTFACTORIES.
117.PROTECTIONTOPERSONSACTINGUNDERTHISACT.
118.RESTRICTIONONDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATION.
118A.RESTRICTIONONDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATION.
119.ACTTOHAVEEFFECTNOTWITHSTANDINGANYTHINGCONTAINEDINACT
37OF1970.
120.REPEALANDSAVINGS.
ScheduleI
Schedule.II
ScheduleIII
1.SHORTTITLE,EXTENTANDCOMMENCEMENT.
(1)ThisActmaybecalledtheFactoriesAct,1948.
1[(2)ItextendstothewholeofIndia2[***].]
(3)Itshallcomeintoforceonthe1stdayofApril1949.
comments
TheFactoriesActismeanttoprovideprotectiontotheworkersfrombeingexploitedbythegreedy
business establishments and it also provides for the improvement of working conditions within the
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factory premises. Hence, a beneficial construction should be given and the provisions of the Act
shouldbesoconstrued/interpretedsoastoachieveitsobject,i.e.,thewelfareoftheworkersandtheir
protectionfromexploitationandunhygienicworkingconditionsinthefactorypremisesRaviShankar
Sharmav.StateofRajasthan,AIR1993Raj117.
1.Subs.bytheA.O.1950,forsubsection(2).
2.ThewordsexcepttheStateofJammuandKashmiromittedbyAct51of1970,sec.2and
Sch.(w.e.f.191971).
2.INTERPRETATION.
InthisAct,unlessthereisanythingrepugnantinthesubjectorcontext,
(a)adultmeansapersonwhohascompletedhiseighteenthyearofage
(b)adolescentmeansapersonwhohascompletedhisfifteenthyearofagebuthasnotcompleted
hiseighteenthyear
1[(bb)calendaryearmeanstheperiodoftwelvemonthsbeginningwiththefirstdayofJanuaryin
anyyear]
(c)childmeansapersonwhohasnotcompletedhisfifteenthyearofage
2[(ca)competentperson,inrelationtoanyprovisionofthisAct,meansapersonoraninstitution
recognised as such by the Chief Inspector for the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations and
inspectionsrequiredtobedoneinafactoryundertheprovisionsofthisActhavingregardto
(i)thequalificationsandexperienceofthepersonandfacilitiesavailableathisdisposalor
(ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in such institution and facilities
available therein, with regard to the conduct of such tests, examinations and inspections, and more
thanonepersonorinstitutioncanberecognisedasacompetentpersoninrelationtoafactory
(cb)hazardousprocessmeansanyprocessoractivityinrelationtoanindustryspecifiedintheFirst
Schedulewhere,unlessspecialcareistaken,rawmaterialsusedthereinortheintermediateorfinished
products,byeproducts,wastesoreffluentsthereofwould
(i)causematerialimpairmenttothehealthofthepersonsengagedinorconnectedtherewith,or
(ii)resultinthepollutionofthegeneralenvironment:
Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the First
Schedulebywayofaddition,omissionorvariationofanyindustryspecifiedinthesaidSchedule]
(d)youngpersonmeansapersonwhoiseitherachildoranadolescent
(e)daymeansaperiodoftwentyfourhoursbeginningatmidnight
(f)weekmeansaperiodofsevendaysbeginningatmidnightonSaturdaynightorsuchothernight
asmaybeapprovedinwritingforaparticularareabytheChiefInspectorofFactories
(g)powermeanselectricalenergyoranyotherformofenergywhichismechanicallytransmitted
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andisnotgeneratedbyhumanoranimalagency
(h)primemovermeansanyengine,motororotherappliancewhichgeneratesorotherwiseprovides
power
(i) transmission machinery means any shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of pulleys, coupling,
clutch,drivingbeltorotherapplianceordevicebywhichthemotionofaprimemoveristransmitted
toorreceivedbyanymachineryorappliance
(j) machinery includes prime movers, transmission machinery and all other appliances whereby
powerisgenerated,transformed,transmittedorapplied
(k)manufacturingprocessmeansanyprocessfor
(i) making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking
up,demolishing,orotherwisetreatingoradaptinganyarticleorsubstancewithaviewtoitsuse,sale,
transport,deliveryordisposal,
3[(ii)pumpingoil,water,sewageoranyothersubstanceor]
(iii)generating,transformingortransmittingpoweror
4[(iv)composingtypesforprinting,printingbyletterpress,lithography,
photogravureorothersimilarprocessorbookbinding]5[or]
(v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or vessels 5[or]
5[(vi)preservingorstoringanyarticleincoldstorage]
l) worker means a person 6[employed, directly or by or through any agency (including a
contractor) with or without the knowledge of the principal employer, whether for remuneration or
not],inanymanufacturingprocess,orincleaninganypartofthemachineryorpremisesusedfora
manufacturing process, or in any other kind of work incidental to, or connected with, the
manufacturing process, or the subject of the manufacturing process 5[but does not include any
memberofthearmedforcesoftheUnion]
(m)factorymeansanypremisesincludingtheprecinctsthereof
(i)whereontenormoreworkersareworking,orwereworkingonanydayoftheprecedingtwelve
months,andinanypartofwhichamanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedonwiththeaidofpower,or
isordinarilysocarriedon,or
(ii) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding
twelvemonths,andinanypartofwhichamanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedonwithouttheaid
ofpower,orisordinarilysocarriedon,
butdoesnotincludeaminesubjecttotheoperationof 7[theMinesAct,1952(35of1952)],or 8[a
mobileunitbelongingtothearmedforcesoftheUnion,railwayrunningshedorahotel,restaurantor
eatingplace].
5[Explanation 9[I].For computing the number of workers for the purposes of this clause all the
workersin10[differentgroupsandrelays]inadayshallbetakenintoaccount]
11[ExplanationII.Forthepurposesofthisclause,themerefactthatanElectronicDataProcessing
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UnitoraComputerUnitisinstalledinanypremisesorpartthereof,shallnotbeconstruedtomakeit
afactoryifnomanufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedoninsuchpremisesorpartthereof]
(n) occupier of a factory means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the
factory12[***].
13[Providedthat
(i) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, any one of the individual partners or
membersthereofshallbedeemedtobetheoccupier
(ii)inthecaseofacompany,anyoneofthedirectorsshallbedeemedtobetheoccupier
(iii)inthecaseofafactoryownedorcontrolledbytheCentralGovernmentoranyStateGovernment,
or any local authority, the person or persons appointed to manage the affairs of the factory by the
CentralGovernment,theStateGovernmentorthelocalauthority,asthecasemaybe,shallbedeemed
tobetheoccupier:]
13[14[Provided further that] in the case of a ship which is being repaired, or on which maintenance
workisbeingcarriedout,inadrydockwhichisavailableforhire,
(1)theownerofthedockshallbedeemedtobetheoccupierforthepurposesofanymatterprovided
forbyorunder:
(a)section6,section7,13[section7A,section7B,]section11orsection12
(b) section 17, in so far as it relates to the providing and maintenance of sufficient and suitable
lightinginoraroundthedock
(c)section18,section19,section42,section46,section47orsection49,inrelationtotheworkers
employedonsuchrepairormaintenance
(2)theowneroftheshiporhisagentormasterorotherofficerinchargeoftheshiporanyperson
whocontractswithsuchowner,agentormasterorotherofficerinchargetocarryouttherepairor
maintenanceworkshallbedeemedtobetheoccupierforthepurposesofanymatterprovidedforby
orundersection13,section14,section16orsection17(saveasotherwiseprovidedinthisproviso)or
Chapter IV (except section 27) or section 43, section 44 or section 45, Chapter VI, Chapter VII,
ChapterVIIIorChapterIXorsection108,section109orsection110,inrelationto
(a)theworkersemployeddirectlybyhim,orbyorthroughanyagencyand
(b)themachinery,plantorpremisesinuseforthepurposeofcarryingoutsuchrepairormaintenance
workbysuchowner,agent,masterorotherofficerinchargeorperson]
15[***]
(o)prescribedmeansprescribedbyrulesmadebytheStateGovernmentunderthisAct
16[***]
(r) where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more sets of workers working during
different periods of the day, each of such sets is called a 17[group or relay] and each of such
periodsiscalledashift.
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Comments
(i)Theestablishmentofhotelwouldnotfallforclassificationasafactoryundersection2(m)ofthe
ActLalBovtaHotelAurBakeryMazdoorUnionv.RitzPrivateLtd.,2007(113)FLR568.
(ii)Thedefinitionofmanufacturingprocessdoesnotdependuponandisnotcorelatedwithany
end product being manufactured out of a manufacturing process. It includes even repair, finishing,
oiling or cleaning process with view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal. It cannot be
restricted to an activity which may result into manufacturing something or production of a
commerciallydifferentarticle.Themanufacturingprocesscannotbeinterpretedinanarrowsense
inrespectofanactwhichismeantforthepurposeconnectedwithsocialwelfareM/sQaziNoorul
Hasan Hamid Hussain Petrol Pump v. Deputy Director, Employees State Insurance Corporation,
2003LLR476.
(iii)Inthecaseofacompany,whichownsafactory,itisonlyoneofthedirectorsofthecompany
whocanbenotifiedastheoccupierofthefactoryforthepurposesoftheActandthecompanycannot
nominate any other employee to be the occupier of the factory under section 2(n) Container
CorporationofIndiaLtd.v.Lt.GovernorDelhi,2002LLR1068:2003(98)FLR653.
(iv) Under section 2(m) Factory means any premises including the precincts thereof in which a
manufacturingprocessisbeingcarriedon
ExplanationIIofsection2(m)setsoutthatthemerefactthatanelectronicdataprocessingunitora
computerunitisinstalledinanypremisesorpartthereofwouldnotrenderaunitintoafactoryifno
manufacturingprocessiscarriedoninsuchpremisesorpartthereof.SeelanRajv.Presidingofficer
1stAdditionalLabourCourt,Chennai,2001LLR418
(v)Ithastobekeptinviewthatthedefinitionofmanufacturingprocessinsection2(k)ofActthe
has nothing to do with manufacturing of goods which may attract excise duty under the Central
ExcisesandSaltAct,1944LalMohammadv.IndianRailwayConstructionCo.Ltd.,AIR1999SC
355.
(vi)Alltheworkersemployedbytheconstructioncompanywouldsquarelyattractthedefinitionof
the term workman as found in section 2(l) of the Act as they are working for remuneration in a
manufacturingprocesscarriedoutbytheprojectLalMohammadv.IndianRailwayConstructionCo.
Ltd.,AIR1999SC355.
(vii) For the purpose of section 2(n) what is to be seen is who has the ultimate control over the
affairsofthefactory.RelevantprovisionsregardingestablishmentoftheIndianOilCorporationLtd.,
and its working, leave no doubt that the ultimate control over all the affairs of the Corporation,
including opening and running of factories, is with the Central Government. Acting through the
corporationisonlyamethodemployedbytheCentralGovernmentforrunningitspetroleumindustry.
Inthecontextofsection2(n)itwillhavetobeheldthatalltheactivitiesoftheCorporationarereally
carried on by the Central Government with a corporate mask Indian Oil Corporation v. Labour
Commissioner,AIR1998SC2456.
(viii) Commercial establishment receiving the products in bulk and after unpacking such bulk
products pack them according to the customers requirements and despatch such products to
customers.Suchanactismanufacturingprocesswithinthemeaningofsection2(k)Parry&Co.Ltd.
v.PresidingOfficer,IIAdditionalLabourCourt,Madras,(1998)ILLJ406.
1Ins.byAct25of1954,sec.2(w.e.f.751954)
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2.Ins.byAct20of1987,sec.2(w.e.f.1121987).
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.2,forsubclause(ii)(w.e.f.26101976).
4.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.2,forsubclause(iv)(w.e.f.751954).
5.Ins.byAct94of1976,sec.2,(w.e.f.26101976).
6.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.2,forcertainwords(w.e.f.26101976).
7.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.2,fortheIndianMinesAct,1923(4of1923).
8.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.2,forarailwayrunningshed(w.e.f.26101976).
9.ExplanationnumberedasExplanationIbyAct20of1987,sec.2(w.e.f.1121987).
10.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.2fordifferentrelays(w.e.f.1121987).
12.CertainwordsomittedbyAct20of1987,sec.2,(w.e.f.1121987).
14.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.2,forProvidedthat(w.e.f.1121987).
15.Clause(o)omittedbyAct20of1987,sec.2(w.e.f.1121987).
16.Clause(q)omittedbytheA.O.1950.
17Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.2,forrelay(w.e.f.1121987).
3.REFERENCESTOTIMEOFDAY.
In this Act references to time of day are references to Indian Standard Time, being five and a half
hoursaheadofGreenwichMeanTime:
Provided that for any area in which Indian Standard Time is not ordinarily observed the State
Governmentmaymakerules
(a)specifyingthearea,
(b)definingthelocalmeantimeordinarilyobservedtherein,and
(c)permittingsuchtimetobeobservedinalloranyofthefactoriessituatedinthearea.
4. POWER TO DECLARE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS

TO BE SEPARATE FACTORIES OR TWO OR MORE
FACTORIESTOBEASINGLEFACTORY.
1[Power to declare different departments to be separate factories or two or more factories to be a
singlefactory.TheStateGovernmentmay,2[onitsownor]onanapplicationmadeinthisbehalfby
anoccupier,direct,byanorderinwriting2[andsubjecttosuchconditionsasitmaydeemfit],thatfor
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alloranyofthepurposesofthisActdifferentdepartmentsorbranchesofafactoryoftheoccupier
specifiedintheapplicationshallbetreatedasseparatefactoriesorthattwoormorefactoriesofthe
occupierspecifiedintheapplicationshallbetreatedasasinglefactory:]
3[ProvidedthatnoorderunderthissectionshallbemadebytheStateGovernmentonitsownmotion
unlessanopportunityofbeingheardisgiventotheoccupier.]
1.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.3,forsection4(w.e.f.751954).
3.AddedbyAct20of1987,sec.3(w.e.f.1121987).
5.POWERTOEXEMPTDURINGPUBLICEMERGENCY.
InanycaseofpublicemergencytheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,
exempt any factory or class or description of factories from all or any of the provisions of this Act
1exceptsection67forsuchperiodandsubjecttosuchconditionsasitmaythinkfit:Providedthatno
suchnotificationshallbemadeforaperiodexceedingthreemonthsatatime.
2Explanation : For the purposes of this section public emergency means a grave emergency
wherebythesecurityofIndiaorofanypartoftheterritorythereofisthreatened,whetherbywaror
externalaggressionorinternaldisturbance.
1.Ins.bytheA.O.1950.
6. APPROVAL, LICENSING AND REGISTRATION OF

FACTORIES.
(1)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerules
1(a) requiring, for the purposes of this Act, the submission of plans of any class or description of
factoriestotheChiefInspectorortheStateGovernment
2(aa)requiring,thepreviouspermissioninwritingoftheStateGovernmentortheChiefInspectorto
beobtainedforthesiteonwhichthefactoryistobesituatedandfortheconstructionorextensionof
anyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories
(b)requiringforthepurposeofconsideringapplicationsforsuchpermissionthesubmissionofplans
andspecifications
(c)prescribingthenatureofsuchplansandspecificationsandbywhomtheyshallbecertified
(d) requiring the registration and licensing of factories or any class or description of factories, and
prescribingthefeespayableforsuchregistrationandlicensingandfortherenewaloflicences
(e)requiringthatnolicenceshallbegrantedorrenewedunlessthenoticespecifiedinsection7has
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beengiven.
(2)Ifonanapplicationforpermissionreferredtoin 3clause(aa)ofsubsection(1)accompaniedby
theplansandspecificationsrequiredbytherulesmadeunderclause(b)ofthatsubsection,senttothe
State Government or Chief inspector by registered post, no order is communicated to the applicant
within three months from the date on which it is so sent, the permission applied for in the said
applicationshallbedeemedtohavebeengranted.
(3) Where a State Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to grant permission to the site,
construction or extension of a factory or to the registration and licensing of a factory, the applicant
maywithinthirtydaysofthedateofsuchrefusalappealtotheCentralGovernmentifthedecision
appealedfromwasoftheStateGovernmentandtotheStateGovernmentinanyothercase.
Explanation : A factory shall not be deemed to be extended within the meaning of this section by
reasononlyofthereplacementofanyplantormachinery,orwithinsuchlimitsasmaybeprescribed,
of the addition of any plant or machinery 4if such replacement or addition does not reduce the
minimumclearspacerequiredforsafeworkingaroundtheplantormachineryoradverselyaffectthe
environmentalconditionsfromtheevolutionoremissionofsteam,heatordustorfumesinjuriousto
health.
2.Clause(a)reletteredasclause(aa)byAct94of1976,sec.4(w.e.f.26101976).
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.4forclause(a)(w.e.f.26101976).
7.NOTICEBYOCCUPIER.
(1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen days before he begins to occupy or use any premises as a
factory,sendtotheChiefInspectorawrittennoticecontaining
(a)thenameandsituationofthefactory
(b)thenameandaddressoftheoccupier
1(bb)thenameandaddressoftheownerofthepremisesorbuilding(includingtheprecinctsthereof)
referredtoinsection93
(c)theaddresstowhichcommunicationrelatingtothefactorymaybesent
(d)thenatureofthemanufacturingprocess
(i)carriedoninthefactoryduringthelasttwelvemonthsinthecaseoffactoriesinexistenceonthe
dateofthecommencementofthisAct,and
(ii)tobecarriedoninthefactoryduringthenexttwelvemonthsinthecaseofallfactories
2(e)thetotalratedhorsepowerinstalledortobeinstalledinthefactory,whichshallnotincludethe
ratedhorsepowerofanyseparatestandbyplant
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(f)thenameofthemanagerofthefactoryforthepurposesofthisAct
(g)thenumberofworkerslikelytobeemployedinthefactory
(h)theaveragenumberofworkersperdayemployedduringthelast
twelvemonthsinthecaseofafactoryinexistenceonthedateofthecommencementofthisAct(i)
suchotherparticularsasmaybeprescribed.
(2) In respect of all establishments which come within the scope of the Act for the first time, the
occupiershallsendawrittennoticetotheChiefInspectorcontainingtheparticularsspecifiedinsub
section(1)withinthirtydays,fromthedateofthecommencementofthisAct.
(3)Beforeafactoryengagedinamanufacturingprocesswhichisordinarilycarriedonforlessthan
onehundredandeightyworkingdaysintheyearresumesworking,theoccupiershallsendawritten
noticetotheChiefInspectorcontainingtheparticularsspecifiedinsubsection(1)3atleastthirtydays
beforethedateofthecommencementofwork.
(4)Wheneveranewmanagerisappointed,theoccupiershallsendtothe 4Inspectorawrittennotice
andtotheChiefInspectoracopythereofwithinsevendaysfromthedateonwhichsuchpersontakes
overcharge.
(5) During any period for which no person has been designated as manager of a factory or during
whichthepersondesignateddoesnotmanagethefactory,anypersonfoundactingasmanager,orif
nosuchpersonisfound,theoccupierhimself,shallbedeemedtobethemanagerofthefactoryforthe
purposesofthisAct.
2.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.5,forclause(e)(w.e.f.26101976).
3.Subs.byAct40of1949,sec.3andSch.II,forwithinthirtydays.
4.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.4,forChiefInspectorawrittennotice.
7A.GENERALDUTIESOFTHEOCCUPIER.
(1)Everyoccupiershallensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thehealth,safetyandwelfareof
allworkerswhiletheyareatworkinthefactory.
(2)Withoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheprovisionsofsubsection(1),thematterstowhichsuch
dutyextends,shallinclude(a)theprovisionandmaintenanceofplantandsystemsofworkinthe
factorythataresafeandwithoutriskstohealth
(b) the arrangements in the factory for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection
withtheuse,handling,storageandtransportofarticlesandsubstances
(c)theprovisionofsuchinformation,instruction,trainingandsupervisionasarenecessarytoensure
thehealthandsafety,ofallworkersatwork
(d)themaintenanceofallplacesofworkinthefactoryinaconditionthatissafeandwithoutrisksto
healthandtheprovisionandmaintenanceofsuchmeansofaccessto,andegressfrom,suchplacesas
aresafeandwithoutsuchrisks
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(e) the provision, maintenance or monitoring of such working environment in the factory for the
workers that is safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for
theirwelfareatwork.
(3)Exceptinsuchcasesasmaybeprescribed,everyoccupiershallprepare,and,asoftenasmaybe
appropriate,revise,awrittenstatementofhisgeneralpolicywithrespecttothehealthandsafetyof
theworkersatworkandtheorganisationandarrangementsforthetimebeinginforceforcarryingout
thatpolicy,andtobringthestatementandanyrevisionthereoftothenoticeofalltheworkersinsuch
mannerasmaybeprescribed.
7B. GENERAL DUTIES OF MANUFACTURERS, ETC., AS

REGARDS ARTICLES AND SUBSTANCES FOR USE IN
FACTORIES.
1(1)Everypersonwhodesigns,manufactures,importsorsuppliesanyarticleforuseinanyfactory
shall
(a)ensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thatthearticleissodesignedandconstructedastobe
safeandwithoutriskstothehealthoftheworkerswhenproperlyused
(b) carry out or arrange for the carrying out of such tests and examination as may be considered
necessaryfortheeffectiveimplementationoftheprovisionsofclause(a)
(c)takesuchstepsasmaybenecessarytoensurethatadequateinformationwillbeavailable
(i)inconnectionwiththeuseofthearticleinanyfactory
(ii)abouttheuseforwhichitisdesignedandtestedand
(iii)aboutanyconditionsnecessarytoensurethatthearticle,whenputtosuchuse,willbesafe,and
withoutriskstothehealthoftheworkers:
ProvidedthatwhereanarticleisdesignedormanufacturedoutsideIndia,itshallbeobligatoryonthe
partoftheimportertosee
(a)thatthearticleconformstothesamestandardsifsucharticleismanufacturedinIndia,or
(b) if the standards adopted in the country outside for the manufacture of such article is above the
standardsadoptedinIndia,thatthearticleconformstosuchstandards.
(2)Everyperson,whoundertakestodesignormanufactureanyarticleforuseinanyfactory,may
carryoutorarrangeforthecarryingoutofnecessaryresearchwithaviewtothediscoveryand,sofar
asisreasonablypracticable,theeliminationorminimizationofanyriskstothehealthorsafetyofthe
workerstowhichthedesignorarticlemaygiverise.
(3)Nothingcontainedinsubsections(1)and(2)shallbeconstruedtorequireapersontorepeatthe
testing,examinationorresearchwhichhasbeencarriedoutotherwisethanbyhimorathisinstancein
sofarasitisreasonableforhimtorelyontheresultsthereofforthepurposesofthesaidsubsections.
(4)Anydutyimposedonanypersonbysubsections(1)and(2)shallextendonlytothingsdonein
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thecourseofbusinesscarriedonbyhimandtomatterswithinhiscontrol.
(5) Where a person designs, manufactures, imports or supplies an article on the basis of a written
undertakingbytheuserofsucharticletotakethestepsspecifiedinsuchundertakingtoensure,sofar
asisreasonablypracticable,thatthearticlewillbesafeandwithoutriskstothehealthoftheworkers
when properly used, the undertaking shall have the effect of relieving the person designing,
manufacturing,importingorsupplyingthearticlefromthedutyimposedbyclause(a)ofsubsection
(1)tosuchextentasisreasonablehavingregardtothetermsoftheundertaking.
(6) For the purposes of this section, an article is not to be regarded as properly used if it is used
withoutregardtoanyinformationoradvicerelatingtoitsusewhichhasbeenmadeavailablebythe
personwhohasdesigned,manufactured,importedorsuppliedthearticle.
Explanation:Forthepurposesofthissection,articleshallincludeplantandmachinery
8.INSPECTORS.
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint such persons as
possess the prescribed qualification to be Inspectors for the purposes of this Act and may assign to
themsuchlocallimitsasitmaythinkfit.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint any person to be a
Chief Inspector who shall, in addition to the powers conferred on a Chief Inspector under this Act,
exercisethepowersofanInspectorthroughouttheState.
1(2A)TheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,appointasmanyAdditional
ChiefInspectors,JointChiefInspectorsandDeputyChiefInspectorsandasmanyotherofficersasit
thinksfittoassisttheChiefInspectorandtoexercisesuchofthepowersoftheChiefInspectorasmay
bespecifiedinsuchnotification.
(2B)EveryAdditionalChiefInspector,JointChiefInspector,DeputyChiefInspectorandeveryother
officerappointedundersubsection(2A)shall,inadditiontothepowersofaChiefInspectorspecified
inthenotificationbywhichheisappointed,exercisethepowersofanInspectorthroughouttheState.
(3)Nopersonshallbeappointedundersubsection(1),subsection(2)1subsection(2A)lra38]or
subsection(5),orhavingbeensoappointed,shallcontinuetoholdoffice,whoisorbecomesdirectly
orindirectlyinterestedinafactoryorinanyprocessorbusinesscarriedonthereinorinanypatentor
machineryconnectedtherewith.
(4)EveryDistrictMagistrateshallbeanInspectorforhisdistrict.
(5) The State Government may also, by notification as aforesaid, appoint such public officers as it
thinksfittobeadditionalInspectorsforalloranyofthepurposesofthisAct,withinsuchlocallimits
asitmayassigntothemrespectively.
(6)InanyareawheretherearemoreInspectorsthanonetheStateGovernmentmay,bynotification
asaforesaid,declarethepowers,whichsuchInspectorsshallrespectivelyexerciseandtheInspectorto
whomtheprescribednoticesaretobesent.
(7)2 Every Chief Inspector, Additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief
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Inspector, Inspector and every other officer appointed under this section shall be deemed to be a
public servant within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), and shall be officially
subordinatetosuchauthorityastheStateGovernmentmayspecifyinthisbehalf.
2.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.6,forEveryChiefInspectororInspector(w.e.f.26101976).
9.POWERSOFINSPECTORS.
Subject to any rules made in this behalf, an Inspector may, within the local limits for which he is
appointed,
(a)enter,withsuchassistants,beingpersonsintheserviceoftheGovernment,oranylocalorother
publicauthority,1[orwithanexpert]ashethinksfit,anyplacewhichisused,orwhichhehasreason
tobelieveisused,asafactory
2[(b)makeexaminationofthepremises,plant,machinery,articleorsubstance
(c)inquireintoanyaccidentordangerousoccurrence,whetherresultinginbodilyinjury,disabilityor
not,andtakeonthespotorotherwisestatementsofanypersonwhichhemayconsidernecessaryfor
suchinquiry
(d)requiretheproductionofanyprescribedregisteroranyotherdocumentrelatingtothefactory
(e)seize,ortakecopiesof,anyregister,recordorotherdocumentoranyportionthereof,ashemay
considernecessaryinrespectofanyoffenceunderthisAct,whichhehasreasontobelieve,hasbeen
committed
(f) direct the occupier that any premises or any part thereof, or anything lying therein, shall be left
undisturbed(whethergenerallyorinparticularrespects)forsolongasisnecessaryforthepurposeof
anyexaminationunderclause(b)
(g)takemeasurementsandphotographsandmakesuchrecordingsasheconsidersnecessaryforthe
purposeofanyexaminationunderclause(b),takingwithhimanynecessaryinstrumentorequipment
(h) in case of any article or substance found in any premises, being an article or substance which
appears to him as having caused or is likely to cause danger to the health or safety of the workers,
direct it to be dismantled or subject it to any process or test (but not so as to damage or destroy it
unlessthesameis,inthecircumstancesnecessary,forcarryingoutthepurposesofthisAct),andtake
possessionofanysucharticleofsubstanceorapartthereof,anddetainitforsolongasisnecessary
forsuchexamination(i)exercisesuchotherpowersasmaybeprescribed:
Provided that no person shall be compelled under this section to answer any question or give any
evidencetendingtoincriminatehimself.
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.5,forclauses(b)and(c)(w.e.f.1121987).
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10CERTIFYINGSURGEONS.
(1)TheStateGovernmentmayappointqualifiedmedicalpractitionerstobecertifyingsurgeonsfor
thepurposesofthisActwithinsuchlocallimitsorforsuchfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories
asitmayassigntothemrespectively.
(2) A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the State Government, authorize any qualified
medical practitioner to exercise any of his powers under this Act for such period as the certifying
surgeonmayspecifyandsubjecttosuchconditionsastheStateGovernmentmaythinkfittoimpose,
and references in this Act to a certifying surgeon shall be deemed to include references to any
qualifiedmedicalpractitionerwhensoauthorized.
(3)Nopersonshallbeappointedtobe,orauthorizedtoexercisethepowersof,acertifyingsurgeon,
orhavingbeensoappointedorauthorized,continuetoexercisesuchpowers,whois,orbecomesthe
occupier of a factory or is or becomes directly or indirectly interested therein or in any process or
businesscarriedonthereinorinanypatentormachineryconnectedtherewithorisotherwiseinthe
employofthefactory:
1ProvidedthattheStateGovernmentmay,byorderinwritingandsubjecttosuchconditionsasmay
bespecifiedintheorder,exemptanypersonorclassofpersonsfromtheprovisionsofthissubsection
inrespectofanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories.
(4)Thecertifyingsurgeonshallcarryoutsuchdutiesasmaybeprescribedinconnectionwith
(a)theexaminationandcertificationofyoungpersonsunderthisAct
(b) the examination of persons engaged in factories in such dangerous occupations or processes as
maybeprescribed
(c) the exercising of such medical supervision as may be prescribed for any factory or class or
descriptionoffactorieswhere
(i) cases of illness have occurred which it is reasonable to believe are due to the nature of the
manufacturingprocesscarriedon,orotherconditionsofworkprevailing,therein
(ii)byreasonofanychangeinthemanufacturingprocesscarriedonorinthesubstancesusedtherein
orbyreasonoftheadoptionofanynewmanufacturingprocessorofanynewsubstanceforuseina
manufacturing process, there is a likelihood of injury to the health of workers employed in that
manufacturingprocess
(iii)youngpersonsare,orareabouttobe,employedinanyworkwhichislikelytocauseinjuryto
theirhealth.Explanation:Inthissectionqualifiedmedicalpractitionermeansapersonholdinga
qualification granted by an authority specified in the Schedule to the Indian Medical Degrees Act,
1916(7of1916)orintheSchedulestotheIndianMedicalCouncilAct,1933(27of1933).2
2.NowseetheIndianMedicalCouncilAct,1956(102of1956).
11.CLEANLINESS.
(1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other,
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nuisance,andinparticular
(a) accumulations of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other effective
methodfromthefloorsandbenchesofworkroomsandfromstaircasesandpassages,anddisposedof
inasuitablemanner
(b) the floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, using
disinfectant,wherenecessary,orbysomeothereffectivemethod
(c)whereafloorisliabletobecomewetinthecourseofanymanufacturingprocesstosuchextentas
iscapableofbeingdrained,effectivemeansofdrainageshallbeprovidedandmaintained
(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of
passagesandstaircasesshall
(i)wheretheyare1[paintedotherwisethanwithwashablewaterpaint]orvarnished,berepaintedor
revarnishedatleastonceineveryperiodoffiveyears
2[(ia)wheretheyarepaintedwithwashablewaterpaint,berepaintedwithatleastonecoatofsuch
paint at least once in every period of three years and washed at least once in every period of six
months]
(ii)wheretheyarepaintedorvarnishedorwheretheyhavesmoothimpervioussurfacesbecleanedat
leastonceineveryperiodoffourteenmonthsbysuchmethodasmaybeprescribed
(iii) in any other case, be kept white washed or colourwashed, and the whitewashing or
colourwashingshallbecarriedoutatleastonceineveryperiodoffourteenmonths
2[(dd)alldoorsandwindowframesandotherwoodenormetallicframeworkandshuttersshallbe
kept painted or varnished and the painting or varnishing shall be carried out at least once in every
periodoffiveyears]
(e) the dates on which the processes required by clause (d) are carried out shall be entered in the
prescribedregister.
(2) If, in view of the nature of the operations carried on 3[in a factory or class or description of
factoriesoranypartofafactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories],itisnotpossiblefortheoccupier
to comply with all or any of the provisions of subsection (1), the State Government may by order
exemptsuchfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories 2[orpart]fromanyoftheprovisionsofthat
subsectionandspecifyalternativemethodsforkeepingthefactoryinacleanstate.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.8,forpainted(w.e.f.26101976).
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.8,forinafactory(w.e.f.26101976).
12.DISPOSALOFWASTESANDEFFLUENTS.
(1) Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents
due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous, and for their
disposal.
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(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprescribingthearrangementstobemadeundersubsection
(1)orrequiringthatthearrangementsmadeinaccordancewithsubsection(1)shallbeapprovedby
suchauthorityasmaybeprescribed.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.9,forsubsection(1)(w.e.f.26101976).
13.VENTILATIONANDTEMPERATURE.
(1) Effective and suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in
everyworkroom
(a)adequateventilationbythecirculationoffreshair,and
(b)suchatemperatureaswillsecuretoworkersthereinreasonableconditionsofcomfortandprevent
injurytohealthandinparticular,(i)wallsandroofsshallbeofsuchmaterialandsodesignedthat
suchtemperatureshallnotbeexceededbutkeptaslowaspracticable
(ii) where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is likely to involve, the
productionofexcessivelyhightemperaturessuchadequatemeasuresasarepracticableshallbetaken
toprotecttheworkerstherefrom,byseparatingtheprocesswhichproducessuchtemperaturesfrom
theworkroom,byinsulatingthehotpartsorbyothereffectivemeans.
(2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate ventilation and reasonable
temperatureforanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesorpartsthereofanddirectthat1[proper
measuringinstruments,atsuchplacesandinsuchpositionasmaybespecified,shallbeprovidedand
suchrecords,asmaybeprescribed,shallbemaintained].
2[(3) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high temperatures in any factory can be
reducedbytheadoptionofsuitablemeasures,hemay,withoutprejudicetotherulesmadeundersub
section(2),serveontheoccupier,anorderinwritingspecifyingthemeasureswhich,inhisopinion,
shouldbeadopted,andrequiringthemtobecarriedoutbeforeaspecifieddate.]
14.DUSTANDFUME.
(1)Ineveryfactoryinwhich,byreasonofthemanufacturingprocesscarriedon,thereisgivenoff
anydustorfumeorotherimpurityofsuchanatureandtosuchanextentasislikelytobeinjuriousor
offensive to the workers employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures
shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any exhaust
applianceisnecessaryforthispurpose,itshallbeappliedasnearaspossibletothepointoforiginof
thedust,fumeorotherimpurity,andsuchpointshallbeenclosedsofaraspossible.
(2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the exhaust is
conductedintotheopenair,andnootherinternalcombustionengineshallbeoperatedinanyroom
unless effective measures have been taken to prevent such accumulation of fumes therefrom as are
likelytobeinjurioustoworkersemployedintheroom.
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15.ARTIFICIALHUMIDIFICATION.
(1) In respect of all factories in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the State
Governmentmaymakerules,
(a)prescribingstandardsofhumidification
(b)regulatingthemethodsusedforartificiallyincreasingthehumidityoftheair,
(c)directingprescribedtestsfordeterminingthehumidityoftheairtobecorrectlycarriedoutand
recorded
(d)prescribingmethodstobeadoptedforsecuringadequateventilationandcoolingoftheairinthe
workrooms.
(2) In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the water used for the
purposeshallbetakenfromapublicsupply,orothersourceofdrinkingwater,orshallbeeffectively
purifiedbeforeitissoused.
(3) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a factory for increasing humidity which is
requiredtobeeffectivelypurifiedundersubsection(2)isnoteffectivelypurifiedhemayserveonthe
managerofthefactoryanorderinwriting,specifyingthemeasureswhichinhisopinionshouldbe
adopted,andrequiringthemtobecarriedoutbeforespecifieddate.
16.OVERCROWDING.
(1)Noroominanyfactoryshallbeovercrowdedtoanextentinjurioustothehealthoftheworkers
employedtherein.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) there shall be in every workroom of a
factoryinexistenceonthedateofthecommencementofthisActatleast1[9.9cubicmetres]andofa
factory built after the commencement of this Act at least 2[14.2 cubic metres] of space for every
worker employed therein, and for the purposes of this subsection no account shall be taken of any
spacewhichismorethan3[4.2metres]abovetheleveloftheflooroftheroom.
(3)IftheChiefInspectorbyorderinwritingsorequires,thereshallbepostedineachworkroomofa
factory a notice specifying the maximum number of workers who may, in compliance with the
provisionsofthissection,beemployedintheroom.
(4)TheChiefInspectormaybyorderinwritingexempt,subjecttosuchconditions,ifany,ashemay
think fit to impose, any workroom from the provisions of this section, if he is satisfied that
compliancetherewithinrespectoftheroomisunnecessaryintheinterestofthehealthoftheworkers
employedtherein.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.7,forthreehundredandfiftycubicfeet(w.e.f.1121987).
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.7,forfivehundredcubicfeet(w.e.f.1121987).
3.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.7,forfourteenfeet(w.e.f.1121987).
17.LIGHTING.
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(1) In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be provided and
maintainedsufficientandsuitablelighting,naturalorartificial,orboth.
(2)Ineveryfactoryallglazedwindowsandskylightsusedforthelightingoftheworkroomshallbe
keptcleanonboththeinnerandoutersurfacesand,sofarascompliancewiththeprovisionsofany
rulesmade,undersubsection(3)ofsection13willallow,freefromobstruction.
(3)Ineveryfactoryeffectiveprovisionshall,sofarasispracticable,bemadeforthepreventionof
(a)glare,eitherdirectlyfromasourceoflightorbyreflectionfromasmoothorpolishedsurface
(b)theformationofshadowstosuchanextentastocauseeyestrainortheriskofaccidenttoany
worker.
(4)TheStateGovernmentmayprescribestandardsofsufficientandsuitablelightingforfactoriesor
foranyclassordescriptionoffactoriesorforanymanufacturingprocess.
18.DRINKINGWATER.
(1)Ineveryfactoryeffectivearrangementsshallbemadetoprovideandmaintainatsuitablepoints
conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking
water.
(2)Allsuchpointsshallbelegiblymarkeddrinkingwaterinalanguageunderstoodbyamajority
oftheworkersemployedinthefactory,andnosuchpointshallbesituatedwithin 1sixmetresofany
washingplace,urinal,latrine,spittoon,opendraincarryingsullageoreffluentoranyothersourceof
contaminationunlessashorterdistanceisapprovedinwritingbytheChiefInspector.
(3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed,
provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather by effective means and for
distributionthereof.
(4)InrespectofallfactoriesoranyclassordescriptionoffactoriestheStateGovernmentmaymake
rules for securing compliance with the provisions of subsections (1), (2) and (3) and for the
examinationbyprescribedauthoritiesofthesupplyanddistributionofdrinkingwaterinfactories.
19.LATRINESANDURINALS.
(1)Ineveryfactory
(a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types shall be provided conveniently
situatedandaccessibletoworkersatalltimeswhiletheyareatthefactory
(b)separateenclosedaccommodationshallbeprovidedformaleandfemaleworkers
(c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated, and no latrine or urinal shall,
unlessspeciallyexemptedinwritingbytheChiefInspector,communicatewithanyworkroomexcept
throughaninterveningopenspaceorventilatedpassage
(d)allsuchaccommodationshallbemaintainedinacleanandsanitaryconditionatalltimes
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(e)sweepersshallbeemployedwhoseprimarydutyitwouldbetokeepcleanlatrines,urinalsand
washingplaces.
(2)Ineveryfactorywhereinmorethantwohundredandfiftyworkersareordinarilyemployed
(a)alllatrineandurinalaccommodationshallbeofprescribedsanitarytypes
(b)thefloorsandinternalwalls,uptoaheightof 1ninetycentimeters,ofthelatrinesandurinalsand
the sanitary blocks shall be laid in glazed titles or otherwise finished to provide a smooth polished
impervioussurface
(c)withoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofclauses(d)and(e)ofsubsection(1),thefloors,portionsof
the walls and blocks so laid or finished and the sanitary pans of latrines and urinals shall be
thoroughly washed and cleaned at least once in every seven days with suitable detergents or
disinfectantsorwithboth.
(3) The State Government may prescribe the number of latrines and urinals to be provided in any
factory in proportion to the numbers of male and female workers ordinarily employed therein, and
provide for such further matters in respect of sanitation in factories, including the obligation of
workersinthisregard,asitconsidersnecessaryintheinterestofthehealthoftheworkersemployed
therein.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.9,forthreefeet(w.e.f.1121987).
20.SPITTOONS.
(1)Ineveryfactorythereshallbeprovidedasufficientnumberofspittoonsinconvenientplacesand
theyshallbemaintainedinacleanandhygieniccondition.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and the number of spittoons to be
provided and their location in any factory and provide for such further matters relating to their
maintenanceinacleanandhygieniccondition.
(3) No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except in the spittoons provided for the
purposeandanoticecontainingthisprovisionandthepenaltyforitsviolationshallbeprominently
displayedatsuitableplacesinthepremises.
(4)Whoeverspitsincontraventionofsubsection(3)shallbepunishablewithfinenotexceedingfive
rupees.
21.FENCINGOFMACHINERY.
(1)Ineveryfactorythefollowing,namely,
(i)everymovingpartofaprimemoverandeveryflywheelconnectedtoaprimemover,whetherthe
primemoverorflywheelisintheenginehouseornot
(ii)theheadraceandtailraceofeverywaterwheelandwaterturbine
(iii)anypartofastockbarwhichprojectsbeyondtheheadstockofalatheand
(iv)unlesstheyareinsuchpositionorofsuchconstructionastobesafetoeverypersonemployedin
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thefactoryastheywouldbeiftheyweresecurelyfenced,thefollowing,namely
(a)everypartofanelectricgenerator,amotororrotaryconverter
(b)everypartoftransmissionmachineryand
(c)everydangerouspartofanyothermachinery,shallbesecurelyfencedbysafeguardsofsubstantial
constructionwhich 1shallbeconstantlymaintainedandkeptinpositionwhilethepartsofmachinery
theyarefencingareinmotionorinuse:
2Providedthatforthepurposeofdeterminingwhetheranypartofmachineryisinsuchpositionoris
ofsuchconstructionastobesafeas
aforesaid, account shall not be taken of any occasion when (i) it is necessary to make an
examination of any part of the machinery aforesaid while it is in motion or, as a result of such
examination,tocarryoutlubricationorotheradjustingoperationwhilethemachineryisinmotion,
being an examination or operation which it is necessary to be carried out while that part of the
machineryisinmotion,or
(ii) in the case of any part of a transmission machinery used in such process as may be prescribed
(being a process of a continuous nature the carrying on of which shall be, or is likely to be,
substantiallyinterferedwithbythestoppageofthatpartofthemachinery),itisnecessarytomakean
examinationofsuchpartofthemachinerywhileitisinmotionor,asaresultofsuchexamination,to
carry out any mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation while the
machineryisinmotion,andsuchexaminationoroperationismadeorcarriedoutinaccordancewith
theprovisionsofsubsection(1)ofsection22.
(2) The State Government may by rules prescribe such further precautions as it may consider
necessaryinrespectofanyparticularmachineryorpartthereof,orexempt,subjecttosuchcondition
asmaybeprescribed,forsecuringthesafetyoftheworkers,anyparticularmachineryorpartthereof
fromtheprovisionsofthissection.
comments
A machinery or part thereof is dangerous if in the ordinary course of its working danger may
reasonably be anticipated from it when working without protection, taking into account the various
factorsincidentaltoitsworking,includingthecarelessnessoftheworkmanJ.B.MangharamandCo.
v.EmployeesStateInsuranceCorporation,1970(1)LLJ460.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.10,forshallbekeptinposition(w.e.f.26101976).
2.Subs.byAct94of1976sec.10,fortheproviso(w.e.f.26101976).
22.WORKONORNEARMACHINERYINMOTION.
1(1) Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery referred to in
section21,whilethemachineryisinmotion,or,asaresultofsuchexamination,tocarryout
(a)inacasereferredtoinclause(i)oftheprovisotosubsection(1)ofsection21,lubricationorother
adjustingoperationor
(b)inacasereferredtoinclause(ii)oftheprovisoaforesaid,anymountingorshippingofbeltsor
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lubrication or other adjusting operation, while the machinery is in motion such examination or
operation shall be made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker wearing tight
fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the occupier) whose name has been recorded in the
registerprescribedinthisbehalfandwhohasbeenfurnishedwithacertificateofhisappointment,and
whileheissoengaged,(a)suchworkershallnothandleabeltatamovingpulleyunless
(i)thebeltisnotmorethanfifteencentimetersinwidth
(ii)thepulleyisnormallyforthepurposeofdriveandnotmerelyaflywheelorbalancewheel(in
whichcaseabeltisnotpermissible)
(iii)thebeltjointiseitherlacedorflushwiththebelt
(iv)thebelt,includingthejointandthepulleyrim,areingoodrepair
(v)thereisreasonableclearancebetweenthepulleyandanyfixedplantorstructure
(vi)securefootholdand,wherenecessary,securehandhold,areprovidedfortheoperatorand
(vii)anyladderinuseforcarryingoutanyexaminationoroperationaforesaidissecurelyfixedor
lashedorisfirmlyheldbyasecondperson.
(b)withoutprejudicetoanyotherprovisionofthisActrelatingtothefencingofmachinery,everyset
screw, bolt and key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel or pinion, and all spur, worm and other
toothedorfrictiongearinginmotionwithwhichsuchworkerwouldotherwisebeliabletocomeinto
contact,shallbesecurelyfencedtopreventsuchcontact.
2(2) No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of a prime
mover or of any transmission machinery while the prime mover or transmission machinery is in
motion, or to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of any machine if the cleaning, lubrication or
adjustmentthereofwouldexposethewomanoryoungpersontoriskofinjuryfromanymovingpart
eitherofthatmachineorofanyadjacentmachinery.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the official. Gazette, prohibit, in any specified
factory or class or description of factories, the cleaning, lubricating or adjusting by any person of
specifiedpartsofmachinerywhenthosepartsareinmotion.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.11,fortheopeningparagraphandclause(a)(w.e.f.26101976).
23. EMPLOYMENT OF
DANGEROUSMACHINES.
YOUNG
PERSONS
ON
(1) No young person 1shall be required or allowed to work at any machine to which this section
applies,unlesshehasbeenfullyinstructedastothedangersarisinginconnectionwiththemachine
andtheprecautionstobeobservedand
(a)hasreceivedsufficienttraininginworkatthemachine,or
(b)isunderadequatesupervisionbyapersonwhohasathoroughknowledgeandexperienceofthe
machine. (2) Subsection (1) shall apply to such machines as may be prescribed by the State
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Government, being machines which in its opinion are of such a dangerous character that young
personsoughtnottoworkatthemunlesstheforegoingrequirementsarecompliedwith.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,10,forshallwork(w.e.f.1121987).
24. STRIKING GEAR AND DEVICES FOR CUTTING OFF

POWER.
(1)Ineveryfactory
(a)suitablestrikinggearorotherefficientmechanicalapplianceshallbeprovidedandmaintainedand
used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form part of the transmission
machinery,suchgearorappliancesshallbesoconstructed,placedandmaintainedastopreventthe
beltfromcreepingbackontothefastpulley
(b)drivingbeltswhennotinuseshallnotbeallowedtorestorrideuponshaftinginmotion.
(2)Ineveryfactorysuitabledevicesforcuttingoffpowerinemergenciesfromrunningmachinery
shallbeprovidedandmaintainedineveryworkroom:
ProvidedthatinrespectoffactoriesinoperationbeforethecommencementofthisAct,theprovisions
ofthissubsectionshallapplyonlytoworkroomsinwhichelectricityisusedaspower.
1[(3) When a device, which can inadvertently shift from off to on position, is provided in a
factory to cut off power, arrangements shall be provided for locking the device in safe position to
prevent accidental starting of the transmission machinery or other machines to which the device is
fitted].
25.SELFACTINGMACHINES.
Notraversingpartofaselfactingmachineinanyfactoryandnomaterialcarriedthereonshall,ifthe
spaceoverwhichitrunsisaspaceoverwhichanypersonisliabletopass,whetherinthecourseof
hisemploymentorotherwise,beallowedtorunonitsoutwardorinwardtraversewithinadistanceof
1fortyfivecentimetersfromanyfixedstructurewhichisnotpartofthemachine:
Provided that the Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a machine installed before the
commencement of this Act which does not comply with the requirements of this section on such
conditionsforensuringsafetyashemaythinkfittoimpose.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.11,foreighteeninches(w.e.f.1121987).
26.CASINGOFNEWMACHINERY.
(1)InallmachinerydrivenbypowerandinstalledinanyfactoryafterthecommencementofthisAct,
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(a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel pinion shall be so sunk,
encasedorotherwiseeffectivelyguardedastopreventdanger
(b)allspur,wormandothertoothedorfrictiongearingwhichdoesnotrequirefrequentadjustment
whileinmotionshallbecompletelyencased,unlessitissosituatedastobeassafeasitwouldbeifit
werecompletelyencased.
(2)Whoeversellsorletsonhireor,asagentofasellerorhirer,causesorprocurestobesoldonletor
hire,foruseinafactoryanymachinerydrivenbypowerwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeprovisions
of 1Subsection(1)oranyrulesmadeundersubsection(3),shallbepunishablewithimprisonment
foratermwhichmayextendtothreemonthsorwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupeesor
withboth.
2[(3)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesspecifyingfurthersafeguardstobeprovidedinrespect
ofanyotherdangerouspartofanyparticularmachineorclassordescriptionofmachines.]
1.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.7,forsubsection(1).
2.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.7,forsubsection(3).
27. PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND

CHILDRENNEARCOTTONOPENERS.
Nowomanorchildshallbeemployedinanypartofafactoryforpressingcottoninwhichacotton
openerisatwork:
Provided that if the feedend of a cottonopener is in a room separated from the delivery end by a
partitionextendingtotheroofortosuchheightastheInspectormayinanyparticularcasespecifyin
writing, women and children may be employed on the side of the partition where the feedend is
situated.
28.HOISTSANDLIFTS.
(1)Ineveryfactory
(a)everyhoistandliftshallbe
(i)ofgoodmechanicalconstruction,soundmaterialandadequatestrength
(ii) properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in
everyperiodofsixmonths,andaregistershallbekeptcontainingtheprescribedparticularsofevery
suchexamination
(b)everyhoistwayandliftwayshallbesufficientlyprotectedbyanenclosurefittedwithgates,andthe
hoistorliftandeverysuchenclosureshallbesoconstructedastopreventanypersonorthingfrom
beingtrappedbetweenanypartofthehoistorliftandanyfixedstructureormovingpart
(c)themaximumsafeworkingloadshallbeplainlymarkedoneveryhoistorlift,andnoloadgreater
thansuchloadshallbecarriedthereon
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(d) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted with a gate on each side
fromwhichaccessisaffordedtoalanding
(e)everygatereferredtoinclause(b)orclause(a)shallbefittedwithinterlockingorotherefficient
devicetosecurethatthegatecannotbeopenedexceptwhenthecageisatthelandingandthatthe
cagecannotbemovedunlessthegateisclosed.
(2)Thefollowingadditionalrequirementsshallapplytohoistsandliftsusedforcarryingpersonsand
installed or reconstructed in a factory after the commencement of this Act, namely : (a) where the
cage is supported by rope or chain, there shall be at least two ropes or chains separately connected
with the cage and balance weight, and each rope or chain with its attachments shall be capable of
carryingthewholeweightofthecagetogetherwithitsmaximumload
(b)efficientdevicesshallbeprovidedandmaintainedcapableofsupportingthecagetogetherwithits
maximumloadintheeventofbreakageoftheropes,chainsorattachments
(c) an efficient automatic device shall be provided and maintained to prevent the cage from over
running.
(3)TheChiefInspectormaypermitthecontinueduseofahoistorliftinstalledinafactorybeforethe
commencementofthisActwhichdoesnotfullycomplywiththeprovisionsofsubsection(1)upon
suchconditionsforensuringsafetyashemaythinkfittoimpose.
(4)TheStateGovernmentmay,ifinrespectofanyclassordescriptionofhoistorlift,itisofopinion
thatitwouldbeunreasonabletoenforceanyrequirementofsubsections.(1)and(2),byorderdirect
thatsuchrequirementshallnotapplytosuchclassordescriptionofhoistorlift.
1[Explanation.Forthepurposesofthissection,noliftingmachineorapplianceshallbedeemedto
beahoistorliftunlessithasaplatformorcage,thedirectionormovementofwhichisrestrictedbya
guideorguides.]
29. LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND LIFTING

TACKLES.
1(1)Inanyfactorythefollowingprovisionsshallbecompliedwithinrespectofeveryliftingmachine
(other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or
lowering persons, goods or materials : (a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or
movable,ofeveryliftingmachineandeverychain,ropeorliftingtackleshallbe
(i)ofgoodconstruction,soundmaterialandadequatestrengthandfreefromdefects
(ii)properlymaintainedand
(iii)thoroughlyexaminedbyacompetentpersonatleastonceineveryperiodoftwelvemonths,orat
suchintervalsastheChiefInspectormayspecifyinwriting,andaregistershallbekeptcontainingthe
prescribedparticularsofeverysuchexamination
(b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the purpose of test, be
loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked thereon together with an
identification mark and duly entered in the prescribed register, and where this is not practicable, a
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table showing the safe working loads of every kind and size of lifting machine or, chain, rope or
liftingtackleinuseshallbedisplayedinprominentpositionsonthepremises
(c)whileanypersonisemployedorworkingonornearthewheeltrackofatravellingcraneinany
placewherehewouldbeliabletobestruckbythecrane,effectivemeasuresshallbetakentoensure
thatthecranedoesnotapproachwithin2[sixmetres]ofthatplace.
(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of any lifting machine or any chain, rope or
liftingtackleusedinfactories(a)prescribingfurtherrequirementstobecompliedwithinadditionto
thosesetoutinthissection
(b) providing for exemption from compliance with all or any of the requirements of this section,
whereinitsopinion,suchcomplianceisunnecessaryorimpracticable.
(3)Forthepurposesofthissectionaliftingmachineorachain,ropeorliftingtackleshallbedeemed
tohavebeenthoroughlyexaminedifavisualexaminationsupplemented,ifnecessary,byothermeans
andbythedismantlingofpartsofthegear,hasbeencarriedoutascarefullyastheconditionspermit
inordertoarriveatareliableconclusionastothesafetyofthepartsexamined.Explanation:Inthis
section,
(a) lifting machine means a crane, crab, winch, teagle, pulley block, gin wheel, transporter or
runway
3(b) lifting tackle means any chain, sling, rope sling, hook, shackle, swivel, coupling, socket,
clamp, tray or similar appliance, whether fixed or movable, used in connection with the raising or
loweringofpersons,orloadsbyuseofliftingmachines.
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.13,fortwentyfeet(w.e.f.1121987).
3.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.13,forclause(b)(w.e.f.1121987)
30.REVOLVINGMACHINERY.
1(1)Ineveryfactoryinwhichtheprocessofgrindingiscarriedonthereshallbepermanentlyaffixed
toorplacedneareachmachineinuseanoticeindicatingthemaximumsafeworkingperipheralspeed
of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, the speed of the shaft or spindle upon which the wheel is
mounted, and the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe
workingperipheralspeed.
(2)Thespeedsindicatedinnoticesundersubsection(1)shallnotbeexceeded.
(3)Effectivemeasuresshallbetakenineveryfactorytoensurethatthesafeworkingperipheralspeed
ofeveryrevolvingvessel,cage,basket,flywheel,pulley,discorsimilarappliancedrivenbypoweris
notexceeded.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.14,forIneveryroominafactory(w.e.f.1121987).
31.PRESSUREPLANT.
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1(1) If in any factory, any plant or machinery or any part thereof is operated at a pressure above
atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of
suchplantormachineryorpartisnotexceeded.
(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprovidingfortheexaminationandtestingofanyplantor
machinery such as is referred to in subsection (1) and prescribing such other safety measures in
relationtheretoasmayinitsopinionbenecessaryinanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories.
2(3) The State Government may, by rules, exempt, subject to such conditions as may be specified
therein,anypartofanyplantormachineryreferredtoinsubsection(1)fromtheprovisionsofthis
section.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.15,forsubsection(1)(w.e.f.1121987).
32.FLOORS,STAIRSANDMEANSOFACCESS.
Ineveryfactory(a)allfloors,steps,stairs,passagesandgangwaysshallbeofsoundconstruction
and properly maintained 1and shall be kept free from obstructions and substances likely to cause
personstoslip,andwhereitisnecessarytoensuresafety,steps,stairs,passagesandgangwaysshall
beprovidedwithsubstantialhandrails
(b)thereshall,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,beprovidedandmaintainedsafemeansofaccessto
everyplaceatwhichanypersonisatanytimerequiredtowork.
2(c)whenanypersonhastoworkataheightfromwhereheislikelytofall,provisionshallbemade,
so far as is reasonably practicable, by fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the person so
working.
1.Ins.byAct94of1976,sec.14,(w.e.f.26101976).
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.16,forclause(c)(w.e.f.1121987).
33.PITS,SUMPS,OPENINGSINFLOORS,ETC.
(1) In every factory fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor which, by
reasonsofitsdepth,situation,constructionorcontents,isormaybeasourceofdanger,shallbeeither
securelycoveredorsecurelyfenced.
(2) The State Government may, by order in writing, exempt, subject to such conditions as may be
prescribed,anyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesinrespectofanyvessel,sump,tank,pitor
openingfromcompliancewiththeprovisionsofthissection.
Comments
Thecoveringorfencingapitsecurelyinsidethefactorymeanscoveringorfencingitinsuchawayas
to see that it ceases to be a source of danger to those who had occasion to go near there State of
Mysorev.NarayananRaghavendraShirur,(196667)30FLR324.
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34.EXCESSIVEWEIGHTS.
(1)Nopersonshallbeemployedinanyfactorytolift,carryormoveanyloadsoheavyastobelikely
tocausehiminjury.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the maximum weights which may be lifted,
carriedormovedbyadultmen,adultwomen,adolescentsandchildrenemployedinfactoriesorinany
classordescriptionoffactoriesorincarryingonanyspecifiedprocess
35.PROTECTIONOFEYES.
Inrespectofanysuchmanufacturingprocesscarriedoninanyfactoryasmaybeprescribed,beinga
processwhichinvolves
(a)riskofinjurytotheeyesfromparticlesorfragmentsthrownoffinthecourseoftheprocess,or
(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State Government may by rules
require that effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons
employedon,orintheimmediatevicinityof,theprocess.
36. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES,

GASES,ETC.
1(1)Nopersonshallberequiredorallowedtoenteranychamber,tank,vat,pit,pipe,flueorother
confinedspaceinanyfactoryinwhichanygas,fume,vapourordustislikelytobepresenttosuchan
extentastoinvolverisktopersonsbeingovercomethereby,unlessitisprovidedwithamanholeof
adequatesizeorothereffectivemeansofegress.
(2)Nopersonshallberequiredorallowedtoenteranyconfinedspaceasisreferredtoinsubsection
(1), until all practicable measures have been taken to remove any gas, fume, vapour or dust, which
maybepresentsoastobringitslevelwithinthepermissiblelimitsandtopreventanyingressofsuch
gas,fume,vapourordustandunless
(a) a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person, based on a test carried out by
himselfthatthespaceisreasonablyfreefromdangerousgas,fume,vapourordustor
(b)suchpersoniswearingsuitablebreathingapparatusandabeltsecurelyattachedtoaropethefree
endofwhichisheldbyapersonoutsidetheconfinedspace.
36A. PRECAUTIONS REGARDING

PORTABLEELECTRICLIGHT.
THE
USE
OF
1[36A.Precautionsregardingtheuseofportableelectriclight.Inanyfactory
(a)no portableelectriclight or any otherelectricappliance ofvoltageexceeding twentyfourvolts
shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space
2[unlessadequatesafetydevicesareprovided]and
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(b)ifanyinflammablegas,fumeordustislikelytobepresentinsuchchamber,tank,vat,pit,pipe,
flue or other confined space, no lamp or light other than that of flameproof construction shall be
permittedtobeusedtherein.]
37.EXPLOSIVEORINFLAMMABLEDUST,GAS,ETC.
(1) Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas, fume or vapour of such
character and to such extent as to be likely to explode to ignition, all practicable measures shall be
takentopreventanysuchexplosionby
(a)effectiveenclosureoftheplantormachineryusedintheprocess
(b)removalorpreventionoftheaccumulationofsuchdust,gas,fumeorvapour
(c)exclusionoreffectiveenclosureofallpossiblesourcesofignition.
(2)Whereinanyfactorytheplantormachineryusedinaprocesssuchasisreferredtoinsubsection
(1)isnotsoconstructedastowithstandtheprobablepressurewhichsuchanexplosionasaforesaid
would produce, all practicable measures shall be taken to restrict the spread and effects of the
explosion by the provisions in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents or other effective
appliances.
(3)Whereanypartoftheplantormachineryinafactorycontainsanyexplosiveorinflammablegas
or vapour under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, that part shall not be opened except in
accordancewiththefollowingprovisions,namely:
(a)beforethefasteningofanyjointofanypipeconnectedwiththepartofthefasteningofthecover
ofanyopeningintothepartisloosened,anyflowofthegasorvapourintothepartofanysuchpipe
shallbeeffectivelystoppedbyastopvalveorothermeans
(b) before any such fastening as aforesaid is removed, all practicable measures shall be taken to
reducethepressureofthegasorvapourinthepartorpipetoatmosphericpressure
(c)whereanysuchfasteningasaforesaidhasbeenloosenedorremoved
effective measures shall be taken to prevent any explosive or inflammable gas or vapour from
enteringthepartofpipeuntilthefasteninghasbeensecured,or,asthecasemaybe,securelyreplaced
: Provided that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply in the case of plant or machinery
installedintheopenair.
(4)Noplant,tankorvesselwhichcontainsorhascontainedanyexplosiveorinflammablesubstance
shall be subjected in any factory to any welding, brazing, soldering or cutting operation which
involves the application of heat unless adequate measures have first been taken to remove such
substanceandanyfumesarisingtherefromortorendersuchsubstanceandfumesnonexplosiveor
noninflammable,andnosuchsubstanceshallbeallowedtoentersuchplant,tankorvesselafterany
suchoperationuntilthemetalhascooledsufficientlytopreventanyriskofignitingthesubstance.
(5)TheStateGovernmentmaybyrulesexempt,subjecttosuchconditionsasmaybeprescribed,any
factoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesfromcompliancewithalloranyoftheprovisionsofthis
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section.
Comments
Under Section 37(4) dismantling without making proper safety arrangements, Gas cutting was
undertakeninthepremiseswasanoffenceMahadevenBalasubramaniamv.StateofJharkhand,2002
(94)FLR977.
38.PRECAUTIONSINCASEOFFIRE.
138. PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE. (1) In every factory, all practicable measures shall be
taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide and
maintain (a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a fire, and (b) the necessary
equipmentandfacilitiesforextinguishingfire.
(2)Effectivemeasuresshallbetakentoensurethatineveryfactoryalltheworkersarefamiliarwith
themeansofescapeincaseoffireandhavebeenadequatelytrainedintheroutinetobefollowedin
suchcases.
(3) The State Government may make rules, in respect of any factory or class or description of
factories,requiringthemeasurestobeadoptedtogiveeffecttotheprovisionsofsubsections(1)and
(2).
(4)Notwithstandinganythingcontainedinclause(a)ofsubsection(1)orsubsection(2),iftheChief
Inspector,havingregardtothenatureoftheworkcarriedoninanyfactory,theconstructionofsuch
factory,specialrisktolifeorsafety,oranyothercircumstances,isoftheopinionthatthemeasures
providedinthefactory,whetherasprescribedornot,forthepurposesofclause(a)ofsubsection(1)
orsubsection(2),areinadequate,hemay,by,orderinwriting,requirethatsuchadditionalmeasures
as he may consider reasonable and necessary, be provided in the factory before such date as is
specifiedintheorder
39. POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATIONS

DEFECTIVEPARTSORTESTSOFSTABILITY.
OF
IfitappearstotheInspectorthatanybuildingorpartofabuildingoranypartoftheways,machinery
orplantinafactoryisinsuchaconditionthatitmaybedangeroustohumanlifeorsafety,hemay
serveon 1theoccupierormanagerorbothofthefactoryanorderinwritingrequiringhimbeforea
specifieddate
(a)tofurnishsuchdrawings,specificationsandotherparticularsasmaybenecessarytodetermine
whethersuchbuilding,ways,machineryorplantcanbeusedwithsafety,or
(b)tocarryoutsuchtestinsuchmannerasmaybespecifiedintheorder,andtoinformtheInspector
oftheresultsthereof.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.18,forthemanager(w.e.f.26101976).
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40.SAFETYOFBUILDINGSANDMACHINERY.
(1) If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways,
machineryorplantinafactoryisinsuchaconditionthatitisdangeroustohumanlifeorsafety,he
may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a
specifieddate.
(2)IfitappearstotheInspectorthattheuseofanybuildingorpartofabuildingoranypartofthe
ways,machineryorplantinafactoryinvolvesimminentdangertohumanlifeorsafety,hemayserve
on1[theoccupierormanagerorboth]ofthefactoryanorderinwritingprohibitingitsuseuntilithas
beenproperlyrepairedoraltered.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.18,forthemanager(w.e.f.26101976).
40A.MAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGS.
1[40A. Maintenance of buildings.If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a
buildinginafactoryisinsuchastateofdisrepairasislikelytoleadtoconditionsdetrimentaltothe
healthandwelfareoftheworkers,hemayserveontheoccupierormanagerorbothofthefactoryan
orderinwritingspecifyingthemeasureswhichinhisopinionshouldbetakenandrequiringthesame
tobecarriedoutbeforesuchdateasisspecifiedintheorder.
40B.SAFETYOFFICERS.
1[40B.SafetyOfficers.(1)Ineveryfactory,
(i)whereinonethousandormoreworkersareordinarilyemployed,or
(ii) wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process or operation is
carriedon,whichprocessoroperationinvolvesanyriskofbodilyinjury,poisoningordisease,orany
otherhazardtohealth,tothepersonsemployedinthefactory,theoccupiershall,ifsorequiredbythe
StateGovernmentbynotificationintheOfficialGazette,employsuchnumberofSafetyOfficersas
maybespecifiedinthatnotification.
(2) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of Safety Officers shall be such as may be
prescribedbytheStateGovernment.
comments
(i)AsafetyofficerisappointedforthepurposeofFactoryActonly.Asafetyofficerintermsofrule5
ismerelygiventhestatusofadepartmentalheadoraseniorexecutiveinthefactory.Suchstatusis
conferredbecausehewouldbepostedunderthechiefexecutiveofthefactoryandwouldreportonly
to him. As regards safety aspects, other officers would be bound by his direction BHEL v. B.K.
Vijay,2006(108)FLR113.
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(ii)Issuanceofnotificationisanindispensableconditionforemploymentofsafetyofficersinterms
of section 40B in both the cases mentioned in the section Debesh Kumar Bhattacharyya v. Rishra
SheelLimited,(1995)86FLR595(Cal).
41 POWER TO MAKE RULE TO SUPPLEMENT THIS

CHAPTER.
The State Government may make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in any class or
description of factories of such further 1[devices and measures] for securing the safety of persons
employedthereinasitmaydeemnecessary.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.20,fordevices(w.e.f.26101976).
41A.
CONSTITUTION
COMMITTEES.
OF
SITE
APPRAISAL
*41A.ConstitutionofSiteAppraisalCommittees.(1) The State Government may, for purposes

of advising it to consider applications for grant of permission for the initial location of a factory
involving a hazardous process or for the expansion of any such factory, appoint a Site Appraisal
Committeeconsistingof
(a)theChiefInspectoroftheStatewhoshallbeitsChairman
(b)arepresentativeoftheCentralBoardforthePreventionandControlofWaterPollutionappointed
bytheCentralGovernmentundersection3oftheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,
1974(6of1974)
(c)arepresentativeoftheCentralBoardforthePreventionandControlofAirPollutionreferredtoin
section3oftheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981(14of1981)
(d) a representative of the State Board appointed under section 4 of the Water (Prevention and
ControlofPollution)Act,1974(6of1974)
(e)arepresentativeoftheStateBoardforthePreventionandControlofAirPollutionreferredtoin
section5oftheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981(14of1981)
(f)arepresentativeoftheDepartmentofEnvironmentintheState
(g)arepresentativeoftheMeteorologicalDepartmentoftheGovernmentofIndia
(h)anexpertinthefieldofoccupationalhealthand
(i)arepresentativeoftheTownPlanningDepartmentoftheStateGovernment,andnotmorethanfive
othermemberswhomaybecooptedbytheStateGovernmentwhoshallbe(i)ascientisthaving
specialisedknowledgeofthehazardousprocesswhichwillbeinvolvedinthefactory,
(ii) a representative of the local authority within whose jurisdiction the factory is to be established,
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and(iii)notmorethanthreeotherpersonsasdeemedfitbytheStateGovernment.
(2) The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for the establishment of a factory
involvinghazardousprocessandmakeitsrecommendationtotheStateGovernmentwithinaperiodof
ninetydaysofthereceiptofsuchapplicationsintheprescribedform.
(3) Where any process relates to a factory owned or controlled by the Central Government or to a
corporation or a company owned or controlled by the Central Government, the State Government
shallcooptintheSiteAppraisalCommitteearepresentativenominatedbytheCentralGovernment
asamemberofthatCommittee.
(4) The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for any information from the person
makinganapplicationfortheestablishmentorexpansionofafactoryinvolvingahazardousprocess.
(5) Where the State Government has granted approval to an application for the establishment or
expansionofafactoryinvolvinghazardousprocess,itshallnotbenecessaryforanapplicanttoobtain
afurtherapprovalfromtheCentralBoardortheStateBoardestablishedundertheWater(Prevention
andControlofPollution)Act1974(6of1974)andtheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,
1981(14of1981).
*Sections41Ains.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
41B.COMPULSORYDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATIONBY
THEOCCUPIER.
*41B. Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier. (1) The occupier of every factory
involving a hazardous process shall disclose in the manner prescribed all information regarding
dangers, including health hazards and the measures to overcome such hazards arising from the
exposuretoorhandlingofthematerialsorsubstancesinthemanufacture,transportation,storageand
otherprocesses,totheworkersemployedinthefactory,theChiefInspector,thelocalauthoritywithin
whosejurisdictionthefactoryissituateandthegeneralpublicinthevicinity.
(2)Theoccupiershall,atthetimeofregisteringthefactoryinvolvingahazardousprocess,laydown
adetailedpolicywithrespecttothehealthandsafetyoftheworkersemployedthereinandintimate
suchpolicytotheChiefInspectorandthelocalauthorityand,thereafter,atsuchintervalsasmaybe
prescribed,informtheChiefInspectorandthelocalauthorityofanychangemadeinthesaidpolicy
(3) The information furnished under subsection (1) shall include accurate information as to the
quantity,specificationsandothercharacteristicsofwastesandthemanneroftheirdisposal.
(4)Everyoccupiershall,withtheapprovaloftheChiefInspector,drawupanonsiteemergencyplan
and detailed disaster control measures for his factory and make known to the workers employed
thereinandtothegeneralpubliclivinginthevicinityofthefactorythesafetymeasuresrequiredtobe
takenintheeventofanaccidenttakingplace.
(5) Every occupier of a factory shall, (a) if such factory engaged in a hazardous process on the
commencementoftheFactories(Amendment)Act,1987(2of1987),withinaperiodofthirtydaysof
suchcommencementand(b)ifsuchfactoryproposestoengageinahazardousprocessatanytime
aftersuchcommencement,withinaperiodofthirtydaysbeforethecommencementofsuchprocess,
informtheChiefInspectorofthenatureanddetailsoftheprocessinsuchformandinsuchmanneras
maybeprescribed.
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(6)Whereanyoccupierofafactorycontravenestheprovisionsofsubsection(5),thelicenceissued
under section 6 to such factory shall, notwithstanding any penalty to which the occupier of factory
shallbesubjectedtoundertheprovisionsofthisAct,beliableforcancellation.
(7)Theoccupierofafactoryinvolvingahazardousprocessshall,withthepreviousapprovalofthe
ChiefInspector,laydownmeasuresforthehandling,usage,transportationandstorageofhazardous
substances inside the factory premises and the disposal of such substances outside the factory
premises and publicise them in the manner prescribed among the workers and the general public
livinginthevicinity.
*Sections41Bins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
41C. SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OCCUPIER IN

RELATIONTOHAZARDOUSPROCESSES.
*41C.Specificresponsibilityoftheoccupierinrelationtohazardousprocesses.Everyoccupier
ofafactoryinvolvinganyhazardousprocessshall
(a)maintainaccurateanduptodatehealthrecordsor,asthecasemaybe,medicalrecords,ofthe
workersinthefactorywhoareexposedtoanychemical,toxicoranyotherharmfulsubstanceswhich
aremanufactured,stored,handledortransportedandsuchrecordsshallbeaccessibletotheworkers
subjecttosuchconditionsasmaybeprescribed
(b)appointpersonswhopossessqualificationsandexperienceinhandlinghazardoussubstancesand
arecompetenttosupervisesuchhandlingwithinthefactoryandtoprovideattheworkingplaceallthe
necessaryfacilitiesforprotectingtheworkersinthemannerprescribed:
Provided that where any question arises as to the qualifications and experience of a person so
appointed,thedecisionoftheChiefInspectorshallbefinal
(c)provideformedicalexaminationofeveryworker
(i)beforesuchworkerisassignedtoajobinvolvingthehandlingof,orworkingwith,ahazardous
substance,and
(ii) while continuing in such job, and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals not
exceedingtwelvemonths,insuchmannerasmaybeprescribed.
*Sections41Cins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
41D.POWEROFCENTRALGOVERNMENTTOAPPOINT
INQUIRYCOMMITTEE.
*41D.PowerofCentralGovernmenttoappointInquiryCommittee.(1)TheCentralGovernment
may, in the event of the occurrence of an extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in a
hazardous process, appoint an Inquiry Committee to inquire into the standards of health and safety
observedinthefactorywithaviewtofindingoutthecausesofanyfailureorneglectintheadoption
of any measures or standards prescribed for the health and safety of the workers employed in the
factoryorthegeneralpublicaffected,orlikelytobeaffected,duetosuchfailureorneglectandfor
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thepreventionandrecurrenceofsuchextraordinarysituationsinfutureinsuchfactoryorelsewhere.
(2) The Committee appointed under subsection (1) shall consist of a chairman and two other
membersandthetermsofreferenceoftheCommitteeandthetenureofofficeofitsmembersshallbe
suchasmaybedeterminedbytheCentralGovernmentaccordingtotherequirementsofthesituation.
(3)TherecommendationsoftheCommitteeshallbeadvisoryinnature.
*Sections41Dins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
41E.EMERGENCYSTANDARDS.
*41E. Emergency standards. (1) Where the Central Government is satisfied that no standards of
safety have been prescribed in respect of a hazardous process or class of hazardous processes, or
where the standards so prescribed are inadequate, it may direct the DirectorGeneral of Factory
AdviceServiceandLabourInstitutesoranyinstitutionspecialisedinmattersrelatingtostandardsof
safetyinhazardousprocesses,tolaydownemergencystandardsforenforcementofsuitablestandards
inrespectofsuchhazardousprocesses.
(2)Theemergencystandardslaiddownundersubsection(1)shall,untiltheyareincorporatedinthe
rulesmadeunderthisAct,beenforceableandhavethesameeffectasiftheyhadbeenincorporatedin
therulesmadeunderthisAct.
*Sections41Eins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
41F. PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF EXPOSURE

CHEMICALANDTOXICSUBSTANCES.
OF
*41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances.(1) The maximum
permissiblethresholdlimitsofexposureofchemicalandtoxicsubstancesinmanufacturingprocesses
(whether hazardous or otherwise) in any factory shall be of the value indicated in the Second
Schedule.
(2)TheCentralGovernmentmay,atanytime,forthepurposeofgivingeffecttoanyscientificproof
obtainedfromspecialisedinstitutionsorexpertsinthefield,,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,
makesuitablechangesinthesaidSchedule.
*Sections41Fins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.161988).
41G. WORKERS
MANAGEMENT.
PARTICIPATION
IN
SAFETY
*41G. Workers participation in safety management.(1) The occupier shall, in every factory
whereahazardousprocesstakesplace,orwherehazardoussubstancesareusedorhandled,setupa
Safety Committee consisting of equal number of representatives of workers and management to
promote cooperation between the workers and the management in maintaining proper safety and
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healthatworkandtoreviewperiodicallythemeasurestakeninthatbehalf:
ProvidedthattheStateGovernmentmay,byorderinwritingandforreasonstoberecorded,exempt
theoccupierofanyfactoryorclassoffactoriesfromsettingupsuchcommittee.
(2)ThecompositionoftheSafetyCommittee,thetenureofofficeofitsmembersandtheirrightsand
dutiesshallbesuchasmaybeprescribed.
*Sections41Gins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
41H.RIGHTOFWORKERSTOWARNABOUTIMMINENT
DANGER.
*41H.Rightofworkerstowarnaboutimminentdanger.(1)Wheretheworkersemployedinany
factory engaged in a hazardous process have reasonable apprehension that there is a likelihood of
imminentdangertotheirlivesorhealthduetoanyaccident,theymaybringthesametothenoticeof
the occupier, agent, manager or any other person who is incharge of the factory or the process
concerneddirectlyorthroughtheirrepresentativesintheSafetyCommitteeandsimultaneouslybring
thesametothenoticeoftheInspector.
(2) It shall be the duty of such occupier, agent, manager or the person incharge of the factory or
process to take immediate remedial action if he is satisfied about the existence of such imminent
dangerandsendareportforthwithoftheactiontakentothenearestInspector.
(3)Iftheoccupier,agent,managerorthepersoninchargereferredtoinsubsection(2)isnotsatisfied
about the existence of any imminent danger as apprehended by the workers, he shall, nevertheless,
referthematterforthwithtothenearestInspectorwhosedecisiononthequestionoftheexistenceof
suchimminentdangershallbefinal.
*Sections41Eins.byAct20of1987,sec.20(w.e.f.1121987).
42.WASHINGFACILITIES.
(1)Ineveryfactory
(a) adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and maintained for the use of the
workerstherein
(b) separate and adequately screened facilities shall be provided for the use of male and female
workers
(c)suchfacilitiesshallbeconvenientlyaccessibleandshallbekeptclean.
(2)TheStateGovernmentmay,inrespectofanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesorofany
manufacturingprocess,prescribestandardsofadequateandsuitablefacilitiesforwashing.
43.FACILITIESFORSTORINGANDDRYINGCLOTHING.
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TheStateGovernmentmay,inrespectofanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactories,makerules
requiringtheprovisionthereinofsuitableplacesforkeepingclothingnotwornduringworkinghours
andforthedryingofwetclothing.
44.FACILITIESFORSITTING.
(1)Ineveryfactorysuitablearrangementsforsittingshallbeprovidedandmaintainedforallworkers
obligedtoworkinastandingposition,inorderthattheymaytakeadvantageofanyopportunitiesfor
restwhichmayoccurinthecourseoftheirwork.
(2) If, in the opinion of the Chief Inspector, the workers in any factory engaged in a particular
manufacturingprocessorworkinginaparticularroomareabletodotheirworkefficientlyinasitting
position,hemay,byorderinwriting,requiretheoccupierofthefactorytoprovidebeforeaspecified
datesuchseatingarrangementsasmaybepracticableforallworkerssoengagedorworking.
(3)TheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,declarethattheprovisionsof
subsection(1)shallnotapplytoanyspecifiedfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesortoany
specifiedmanufacturingprocess.
45.FIRSTAIDAPPLIANCES.
(1)Thereshallineveryfactorybeprovidedandmaintainedsoastobereadilyaccessibleduringall
workinghoursfirstaidboxesorcupboardsequippedwiththeprescribedcontents,andthenumberof
such boxes or cupboards to be provided and maintained shall not be less than one for every one
hundredandfiftyworkersordinarilyemployed1[atanyonetime]inthefactory.
2[(2)Nothingexcepttheprescribedcontentsshallbekeptinafirstaidboxorcupboard.
(3)Eachfirstaidboxorcupboardshallbekeptinthechargeofaseparateresponsibleperson 3[who
holdsacertificateinfirstaidtreatmentrecognisedbytheStateGovernment]andwhoshallalwaysbe
readilyavailableduringtheworkinghoursofthefactory.]
4[(4)] In every factory wherein more than five hundred workers are 5[ordinarily employed] there
shallbeprovidedandmaintainedanambulanceroomoftheprescribedsize,containingtheprescribed
equipment and in the charge of such medical and nursing staff as may be prescribed 6[and those
facilitiesshallalwaysbemadereadilyavailableduringtheworkinghoursofthefactory.
2.Subs.byAct25of1954sec.9,forsubsection(2)(w.e.f.751954).
3. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, sec. 21, for who is trained in firstaid treatment (w.e.f. 2610
1976).
4.Subsection(3)renumberedassubsection(4)byAct25of1954,sec.9(w.e.f.751954).
5.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.21,foremployed(w.e.f.26101976).
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46.CANTEENS.
(1)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesrequiringthatinanyspecifiedfactorywhereinmorethan
twohundredand,fiftyworkersareordinarilyemployed,acanteenorcanteensshallbeprovidedand
maintainedbytheoccupierfortheuseoftheworkers.
(2)Withoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheforegoingpower,suchrulesmayprovidefor
(a)thedatebywhichsuchcanteenshallbeprovided
(b) the standards in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture and other equipment of the
canteen
(c)thefoodstuffstobeservedthereinandthechargeswhichmaybemadetherefor
(d)theconstitutionofamanagingcommitteeforthecanteenandrepresentationoftheworkersinthe
managementofthecanteen
1(dd)theitemsofexpenditureintherunningofthecanteenwhicharenottobetakenintoaccountin
fixingthecostoffoodstuffsandwhichshallbe
bornebytheemployer
(e)thedelegationtotheChiefInspector,subjecttosuchconditionsasmaybeprescribed,ofthepower
tomakerulesunderclause(c).
Comments
(i) There is nothing in section 46 of the Factories Act, which provides for the mode in which the
specified establishment must set up a canteen where it is left to the discretion of the concerned
establishmenttodischargeitsobligationofsettingupacanteeneitherbywayofdirectequipmentor
byemploymentofcontractor,itcannotbepostulatedthatinthelatterevent,thepersonsworkingin
the canteen would be the employees of the establishment Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd. v.
Government of Andhra Pradesh Labour Employment and Technical Education (Labour II) Deptt,
2003(96)FLR160.
(ii) Section 46 of the Act empowers the State Government to make rules requiring any specific
factorywhereinmorethan250workersareordinarilyemployedtoprovideandmaintainacanteenby
occupierfortheuseoftheworkersIndianPetrochemicalsCorp.Ltd.v.ShramikSeva,AIR1999SC
2577.
47.SHELTERS,RESTROOMSANDLUNCHROOMS.
(1) In every factory wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed,
adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms and a suitable lunch room, with provision for drinking
water,whereworkerscaneatmealsbroughtbythem,shallbeprovidedandmaintainedfortheuseof
theworkers:Providedthatanycanteenmaintainedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofsection46
shallberegardedaspartoftherequirementsofthissubsection:Providedfurtherthatwherealunch
roomexistsnoworkersshalleatanyfoodintheworkroom.
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(2) The shelters or rest rooms or lunch rooms to be provided under subsection (1) shall be
sufficientlylightedandventilatedandshallbemaintainedinacoolandcleancondition.
(3) The State Government may (a) prescribe the standards in respect of construction,
accommodation,furnitureandotherequipmentofshelters,restroomsandlunchroomstobeprovided
underthissection
(b)bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,exemptanyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesfrom
therequirementsofthissection.
48.CRECHES.
(1)Ineveryfactorywhereinmorethan 1thirtywomenworkersareordinarilyemployedthereshallbe
providedandmaintainedasuitableroomorroomsfortheuseofchildrenundertheageofsixyearsof
suchwomen.
(2) Such rooms shall provide adequate accommodation, shall be adequately lighted and ventilated,
shallbemaintainedinacleanandsanitaryconditionandshallbeunderthechargeofwomentrained
inthecareofchildrenandinfants.
(3)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerules(a)prescribingthelocationandthestandardsinrespect
of construction, accommodation, furniture and other equipment of rooms to be provided, under this
section
(b)requiringtheprovisioninfactoriestowhichthissectionappliesofadditionalfacilitiesforthecare
of children belonging to women workers, including suitable provision of facilities for washing and
changingtheirclothing
(c)requiringtheprovisioninanyfactoryoffreemilkorrefreshmentorbothforsuchchildren
(d)requiringthatfacilitiesshallbegiveninanyfactoryforthemothersofsuchchildrentofeedthem
atthenecessaryintervals.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.23,forfiftywomenworkers(w.e.f.26101976).
49.WELFAREOFFICERS.
(1)Ineveryfactorywhereinfivehundredormoreworkersareordinarilyemployedtheoccupiershall
employinthefactorysuchnumberofWelfareofficersasmaybeprescribed.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the duties, qualifications and Conditions of service of
officersemployedundersubsection(1).
Comments
AnAssistantPersonnelOfficerofafactorycannotbeheldthathewasinfactappointedasaLabour
Welfare Officer simply because as a Assistant and Personnel officer he was looking after the
problemsofthelabourersandthewelfareofthelabourersandwhenthenumberoflabourersinthe
concerned factory was less than 100 and there was no statutory requirement to appoint a Labour
WelfareOfficerShyamVinyalsLtd.v.T.Prasad,(1993)83FJR18(SC).
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50. POWER TO MAKE RULES TO SUPPLEMENT THIS

CHAPTER.
TheStateGovernmentmaymakerules
(a)exempting,subjecttocompliancewithsuchalternativearrangementsforthewelfareofworkersas
maybeprescribed,anyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesfromcompliancewithanyofthe
provisionsofthisChapter
(b) requiring in any factory or class or description of factories that representatives of the workers
employedinthefactoryshallbeassociatedwiththemanagementofthewelfarearrangementsofthe
workers.
51.WEEKLYHOURS.
Noadultworkersshallberequiredorallowedtoworkinafactoryformorethanfortyeighthoursin
anyweek.
comments
Section 51 puts an embargo on the employers right to prescribe total working hours for a week
National Textile Corporation (D.P. & R.) Ltd. Units Mahalaxmi Mills, Beawar v. Labour Court,
Jaipur,1997LLR518.
52.WEEKLYHOLIDAYS.
(1)Noadultworkershallberequiredorallowedtoworkinafactoryonthefirstdayoftheweek
(hereinafterreferredtoasthesaidday),unless
(a)hehasorwillhaveaholidayforawholedayononeofthethreedaysimmediatelybeforeorafter
thesaidday,and
(b) the manager of the factory has, before the said day or the substituted day under clause (a),
whicheverisearlier,
(i)deliveredanoticeattheofficeoftheInspectorofhisintentiontorequiretheworkertoworkonthe
saiddayandofthedaywhichistobesubstituted,and
(ii)displayedanoticetothateffectinthefactory:Providedthatnosubstitutionshallbemadewhich
willresultinanyworkerworkingformorethantendaysconsecutivelywithoutaholidayforawhole
day.
(2)Noticesgivenundersubsection(1)maybecancelledbyanoticedeliveredattheofficeofthe
Inspectorandanoticedisplayedinthefactorynotlaterthanthedaybeforethesaiddayortheholiday
tobecancelled,whicheverisearlier.
(3)Where,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofsubsection(1),anyworkerworksonthesaidday
and has had a holiday on one of the three days immediately before it, that said day shall, for the
purposeofcalculatinghisweeklyhoursofwork,beincludedintheprecedingweek.
comments
Theprimaryobjectofsection52istoprovideweeklyholidayfortheworkersandsuchdaywasfixed
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to be the first day of the week, i.e., Sunday. But, for any special reasons, it becomes necessary to
makeSundaytheworkingday,asubstitutionalholidayismadecompulsory.Buttheintendmentofthe
section is not that the employers will at their sweet will convert successive on all the Sundays
primarily intended to be holidays as working days and make any other working day of the week a
holidayinsteadofSundayMotorandMachineryManufacturersLtd.v.StateofWestBengal,1964
(2)LLJ562.
53.COMPENSATORYHOLIDAYS.
(1)Where,asaresultofthepassingofanorderorthemakingofaruleundertheprovisionsofthis
Actexemptingafactoryortheworkersthereinfromtheprovisionsofsection52,aworkerisdeprived
ofanyoftheweeklyholidaysforwhichprovisionismadeinsubsection(1)ofthatsection,heshall
be allowed, within the month in which the holidays were due to him or within the two months
immediatelyfollowingthatmonth,compensatoryholidaysofequalnumbertotheholidayssolost.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the manner in which the holidays for which provision is
madeinsubsection(1)shallbeallowed.
54.DAILYHOURS.
Subject to the provisions of section 51, not adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a
factoryformorethanninehoursinanyday:
1[Providedthat,subjecttothepreviousapprovaloftheChiefInspector,thedailymaximumspecified
inthissectionmaybeexceededinordertofacilitatethechangeofshifts.]
55.INTERVALSFORREST.
1(1)2Theperiodsofworkofadultworkersinafactoryeachdayshallbesofixedthatnoperiodshall
exceedfivehoursandthatnoworkershallworkformorethanfivehoursbeforehehashadaninterval
forrestofatleasthalfanhour.
3(2)TheStateGovernmentor,subjecttothecontroloftheStateGovernment,theChiefInspector,
may,bywrittenorderandforthereasonsspecifiedtherein,exemptanyfactoryfromtheprovisionsof
subsection (1) so however that the total number of hours worked by a worker without an interval
doesnotexceedsix.
comments
Thewellsettledprincipleoflawthatunlessthestatuteeitherexpresslyorbynecessaryimplication
rulesoutmensreaasaconstituentpartofacrimetheaccusedshouldnotbefoundguiltyofanoffence
is also applicable to cases under the Factories Act. Absence of mens rea is good defence in
contraventionofsection55StateofOrissav.Bahinipall,AIR1965Ori164.
1.Section55renumberedassubsection(1)ofthatsectionbyAct25of1954,sec.11(w.e.f.75
1954).
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2.Subs.byAct40of1949,sec.3andSch.II,forTheperiod(w.e.f.151949).
56.SPREADOVER.
Theperiodsofworkofanadultworkerinafactoryshallbesoarrangedthatinclusiveofhisintervals
for rest under section 55, they shall not spreadover more than ten and a half hours in any day :
Provided that the Chief Inspector may, for reasons to be specified in in writing, increase the
spreadoveruptotwelvehours.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.24,forspreadovertotwelvehours(w.e.f.26101976).
57.NIGHTSHIFTS.
Whereaworkerinafactoryworksonashiftwhichextendsbeyondmidnight,
(a)forthepurposesofsections52and53,aholidayforawholedayshallmeaninhiscaseaperiodof
twentyfourconsecutivehoursbeginningwhenhisshiftends
(b)thefollowingdayforhimshallbedeemedtobetheperiodoftwentyfourhoursbeginningwhen
suchshiftends,andthehourshehasworkedaftermidnightshallbecountedinthepreviousday.
58.PROHIBITIONOFOVERLAPPINGSHIFTS.
(1)Workshallnotbecarriedoninanyfactorybymeansofasystemofshiftssoarrangedthatmore
thanonerelayofworkersisengaged,inworkofthesamekindatthesametime.
1(2) The State Government or subject to the control of the State Government, the Chief Inspector,
may, by written order and for the reasons specified therein, exempt on such conditions as may be
deemedexpedient,anyfactoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesoranydepartmentorsectionofa
factoryoranycategoryordescriptionofworkersthereinfromtheprovisionsofsubsection(1).
59.EXTRAWAGESFOROVERTIME.
(1)Whereaworkerworksinafactoryformorethanninehoursinanydayorformorethanforty
eighthoursinanyweek,heshall,inrespectofovertimework,beentitledtowagesattherateoftwice
hisordinaryrateofwages.
1(2)Forthepurposesofsubsection(1),ordinaryrateofwagesmeansthebasicwagesplussuch
allowances,includingthecashequivalentoftheadvantageaccruingthroughtheconcessionalsaleto
workersoffoodgrainsandotherarticles,astheworkerisforthetimebeingentitledto,butdoesnot
includeabonusandwagesforovertimework.
(3)Whereanyworkersinafactoryarepaidonapieceratebasis,thetimerateshallbedeemedtobe
equivalenttothedailyaverageoftheirfulltimeearningsforthedaysonwhichtheyactuallyworked
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on the same or identical job during the month immediately preceding the calendar month during
whichtheovertimeworkwasdone,andsuchtimeratesshallbedeemedtobetheordinaryratesof
wagesofthoseworkers:
Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked in the immediately preceding calendar
monthonthesameoridenticaljob,thetimerateshallbedeemedtobeequivalenttothedailyaverage
of the earnings of the worker for the days on which he actually worked in the week in which the
overtimeworkwasdone.
Explanation:Forthepurposesofthissubsection,incomputingtheearningsforthedaysonwhich
theworkeractuallyworkedsuchallowances,includingthecashequivalentoftheadvantageaccruing
throughtheconcessionalsaletoworkersoffoodgrainsandotherarticles,astheworkerisforthetime
beingentitledto,shallbeincludedbutanybonusorwagesforovertimeworkpayableinrelationto
theperiodwithreferencetowhichtheearningsarebeingcomputedshallbeexcluded.
2(4) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a worker of
foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as often as may be prescribed on the basis of the
maximumquantityoffoodgrainsandotherarticlesadmissibletoastandardfamily.
Explanation1:Standardfamilymeansafamilyconsistingoftheworker,hisorherspouseandtwo
childrenbelowtheageoffourteenyearsrequiringinallthreeadultconsumptionunits.
Explanation 2 : Adult consumption unit means the consumption unit of a male above the age of
fourteen years and the consumption unit of a female above the age of fourteen years and that of a
childbelowtheageoffourteenyearsshallbecalculatedattheratesof0.8and0.6respectivelyofone
adultconsumptionunit.
(5)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprescribing
(a)themannerinwhichthecashequivalentoftheadvantageaccruingthroughtheconcessionalsaleto
aworkeroffoodgrainsandotherarticlesshallbecomputedand
(b)theregistersthatshallbemaintainedinafactoryforthepurposeofsecuringcompliancewiththe
provisionsofthissection.
comments
Section59createsanobligationontheemployertopayextrawagesforovertimeifaworkerworks
formorethan9hoursinanydayorformorethan48hoursinanyweekNationalTextileCorporation
(D.P.&R.)Ltd.,UnitMahalaxmiMills,Beawarv.LabourCourt,Jaipur,1997LLR518.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.25,forsubsections(2)and(3)(w.e.f.26101976).
60.RESTRICTIONONDOUBLEEMPLOYMENT.
No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in any factory on any day on which he has
alreadybeenworkinginanyotherfactory,saveinsuchcircumstancesasmaybeprescribed.
61.NOTICEOFPERIODSOFWORKFORADULTS.
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(1) There shall be displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in accordance with the
provisionsofsubsection(2)ofsection108,anoticeofperiodsofworkforadults,showingclearlyfor
everydaytheperiodsduringwhichadultworkersmayberequiredtowork.
(2) The periods shown in the notice required by subsection (1) shall be fixed beforehand in
accordancewiththefollowingprovisionsofthissection,andshallbesuchthatworkersworkingfor
thoseperiodswouldnotbeworkingincontraventionofanyoftheprovisionsofsections51,52,53,
54,155,56and58.
(3) Where all the adult workers in a factory are required to work during the same periods, the
managerofthefactoryshallfixthoseperiodsforsuchworkersgenerally.
(4) Where all the adult workers in a factory are not required to work during the same periods, the
managerofthefactoryshallclassifythemintogroupsaccordingtothenatureoftheirworkindicating
thenumberofworkersineachgroup.
(5)Foreachgroupwhichisnotrequiredtoworkonasystemofshifts,themanagerofthefactory
shallfixtheperiodsduringwhichthegroupmayberequiredtowork.
(6)Whereanygroupisrequiredtoworkonasystemofshiftsandtherelaysarenottobesubjectto
predetermined periodical changes of shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the periods during
whicheachrelayofthegroupmayberequiredtowork.
(7)Whereanygroupistoworkonasystemofshiftsandtherelaysaretobesubjecttopredetermined
periodicalchangesofshifts,themanagerofthefactoryshalldrawupaschemeofshiftswhereunder
theperiodsduringwhichanyrelayofthegroupmayberequiredtoworkandtherelaywhichwillbe
workingatanytimeofthedayshallbeknownforanyday.
(8) The State Government may prescribe forms of the notice required by subsection (1) and the
mannerinwhichitshallbemaintained.
(9)InthecaseofafactorybeginningworkafterthecommencementofthisAct,acopyofthenotice
referredtoinsubsection(1)shallbesentinduplicatetotheInspectorbeforethedayonwhichwork
isbeguninthefactory.
(10)Anyproposedchangeinthesystemofworkinanyfactorywhichwillnecessitateachangeinthe
noticereferredtoinsubsection(1)shallbenotifiedtotheInspectorinduplicatebeforethechangeis
made,andexceptwiththeprevioussanctionoftheInspector,nosuchchangeshallbemadeuntilone
weekhaselapsedsincethelastchange.
1.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec.14,for55and56.
62.REGISTEROFADULTWORKERS.
(1) The manager of every factory shall maintain a register of adult workers, to be available to the
Inspector at all times during working hours, or when any work is being carried on in the factory,
showing(a)thenameofeachadultworkerinthefactory
(b)thenatureofhiswork
(c)thegroup,ifany,inwhichheisincluded
(d)wherehisgroupworksonshifts,therelaytowhichheisallottedand
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(e)suchotherparticularsasmaybeprescribed:
ProvidedthatiftheInspectorisofopinionthatanymusterrollorregistermaintainedasapartofthe
routineofafactorygivesinrespectofanyoralltheworkersinthefactorytheparticularsrequired
under this section, he may, by order in writing, direct that such muster roll or register shall to the
correspondingextentbemaintainedinplaceof,andbetreatedas,theregisterofadultworkersinthat
factory.
1[(1A)Noadultworkershallberequiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactoryunlesshisnameandother
particularshavebeenenteredintheregisterofadultworkers.]
(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the register of adult workers, the manner in
whichitshallbemaintainedandtheperiodforwhichitshallbepreserved.
comments
Aseparateanddistinctoffenceisnotcommittedinrespectofeachparticularwhichisomittedtobe
shown in the register of adult workers but it is the failure to maintain a register of adult workers
showing the various particulars that constitute the offence, whether be one, two or several State v.
JamnadasVasanji,1962(4)FLR282.
63. HOURS OF WORK TO CORRESPOND WITH NOTICE

UNDER SECTION 61 AND REGISTER UNDER SECTION
62.
Noadultworkershallberequiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactoryotherwisethaninaccordancewith
the notice of periods of work for adults displayed in the factory and the entries made beforehand
againsthisnameintheregisterofadultworkersofthefactory.
64.POWERTOMAKEEXEMPTINGRULES.
(1)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesdefiningthepersonswhoholdpositionsofsupervisionsor
management or are employed in a confidential position in a factory 1or empowering the Chief
inspector to declare any person, other than a person defined by such rules, as a person holding
positionofsupervisionormanagementoremployedinaconfidentialpositioninafactoryif,inthe
opinionoftheChiefInspector,suchpersonholdssuchpositionorissoemployedandtheprovisions
of this chapter, other than the provisions of clause (b) of subsection (1) of section 66 and of the
provisotothatsubsection,shallnotapplytoanypersonsodefinedordeclared:
1Provided that any person so defined or declared shall, where the ordinary rate of wages of such
person 2does not exceed the wage limit specified in subsection (6) of section 1 of the Payment of
WagesAct,1936(4of1936),asamendedfromtimetotime,beentitledtoextrawagesinrespectof
overtimeworkundersection59.
(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesinrespectofadultworkersinfactoriesprovidingforthe
exemption,tosuchextentandsubjecttosuchconditionsasmaybeprescribed.
(a)ofworkersengagedonurgentrepairs,fromtheprovisionsofsections51,52,54,55and56
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(b) of workers engaged in work in the nature of preparatory or complementary work which must
necessarilybecarriedonoutsidethelimitslaiddownforthegeneralworkingofthefactory,fromthe
provisionsofsections51,54,55and56
(c) of workers engaged in work which is necessarily so intermittent that the intervals during which
theydonotworkwhileondutyordinarilyamounttomorethantheintervalsforrestrequiredbyor
undersection55,fromtheprovisionsofsections51,54,55and56
(d) of workers engaged in any work which for technical reasons must be carried on continuously
3[***]fromtheprovisionsofsections51,52,54,55and56
(e) of workers engaged in making or supplying articles of prime necessity which must be made or
suppliedeveryday,fromtheprovisionsof4[section51andsection52]
(f) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which cannot be carried on except during fixed
seasons,fromtheprovisionsof2[section51,section52andsection54]
(g) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which cannot be carried on except at times
dependentontheirregularactionofnaturalforces,fromtheprovisionsofsections52and55
(h) of workers engaged in enginerooms or boilerhouses or in attending to powerplant or
transmissionmachinery,fromtheprovisionsof4[section51andsection52]
5[(i)ofworkersengagedintheprintingofnewspapers,whoarehelduponaccountofthebreakdown
ofmachinery,fromtheprovisionsofsections51,54and56.
Explanation.InthisclausetheexpressionnewspapershasthemeaningassignedtoitinthePress
andRegistrationofBooksAct,1867(25of1867)
(j)ofworkersengagedintheloadingorunloadingofrailwaywagons,6[orlorriesortrucks]fromthe
provisionsofsections51,52,54,55and56]
6[(k) of workers engaged in any work, which is notified by the State Government in the Official
Gazetteasaworkofnationalimportance,fromtheprovisionsofsection51,section52,section54,
section55andsection56.]
(3) Rules made under subsection (2) providing for any exemption may also provide for any
consequentialexemptionfromtheprovisionsofsection61whichtheStateGovernmentmaydeemto
beexpedient,subjecttosuchconditionsasitmayprescribe.
7[(4)Inmakingrulesunderthissection,theStateGovernmentshallnotexceed,exceptinrespectof
exemptionunderclause(a)ofsubsection(2)thefollowinglimitsofworkinclusiveofovertime:
(i)thetotalnumberofhoursofworkinanydayshallnotexceedten
(ii)thespreadover,inclusiveofintervalsforrest,shallnotexceedtwelvehoursinanyoneday:
ProvidedthattheStateGovernmentmay,inrespectofanyorallofthecategoriesofworkersreferred
to in clause (d) of subsection (2), make rules prescribing the circumstances in which, and the
conditions subject to which, the restrictions imposed by clause (i) and clause (ii) shall not apply in
order to enable a shift worker to work the whole or part of a subsequent shift in the absence of a
workerwhohasfailedtoreportforduty
8[(iii)thetotalnumberofhoursofworkinaweek,includingovertime,shallnotexceedsixty]
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9[(iv)]thetotalnumberofhoursofovertimeshallnotexceedfiftyforanyonequarter.
Explanation.Quarter means a period of three consecutive months beginning on the 1st of

January,the1stofApril,the1stofJulyorthe1stofOctober.]
(5)Rulesmadeunderthissectionshallremaininforcefornotmorethan10[fiveyears].
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,21,fordoesnotexceedrupeessevenhundredandfiftypermonth
(w.e.f.1121987).
3.OmittedbyAct25of1954,sec.15forthewordsthroughouttheday.
4.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.27forsection52(w.e.f.26101976).
9.Clause(iii)renumberedasclause(iv)byAct94of1976,sec.27(w.e.f.26101976).
10.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.27,forthreeyears(w.e.f.26101976).
65.POWERTOMAKEEXEMPTINGORDERS.
(1) Where the State Government is satisfied that, owing to the nature of the work carried on or to
othercircumstances,itisunreasonabletorequirethattheperiodsofworkofanyadultworkersinany
factoryorclassordescriptionoffactoriesshouldbefixedbeforehand,itmay,bywrittenorder,relax
ormodifytheprovisionsofsection61inrespectofsuchworkerstherein,tosuchextentandinsuch
mannerasitmaythinkfit,andsubjecttosuchconditionsasitmaydeemexpedienttoensurecontrol
overperiodsofwork.
(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the State Government, the Chief Inspector,
maybywrittenorderexempt,onsuchconditionsasitorhemaydeemexpedient,anyorallofthe
adult workers in any factory or group or class or description of factories from any or all of the
provisionsofsections,51,52,54and56onthegroundthattheexemptionisrequiredtoenablethe
factoryorfactoriestodealwithanexceptionalpressofwork.
1(3) Any exemption granted under subsection (2) shall be subject to the following conditions,
namely:(i)thetotalnumberofhoursofworkinanydayshallnotexceedtwelve
(ii)thespreadover,inclusiveofintervalsforrest,shallnotexceedthirteenhoursinanyoneday
(iii)thetotalnumberofhoursofworkinanyweek,includingovertime,shallnotexceedsixty
(iv)noworkershallbeallowedtoworkovertime,formorethansevendaysatastretchandthetotal
numberofhoursofovertimeworkinanyquartershallnotexceedseventyfive.Explanation:Inthis
subsectionquarterhasthesamemeaningasinsubsection(4)ofsection64.
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2[***]
2.Subsection(4)omittedbyAct94of1976,sec.28(w.e.f.26101976).
66. FURTHER RESTRICTIONS ON EMPLOYMENT OF

WOMEN.
(1)TheprovisionsofthisChaptershall,intheirapplicationtowomeninfactories,besupplemented
bythefollowingfurtherrestrictions,namely:
(a)noexemptionfromtheprovisionsofsection54maybegrantedinrespectofanywomen
(b)nowomanshallbe 1[requiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactory]exceptbetweenthehoursof6
A.M.and7P.M.:
ProvidedthattheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,inrespectof 2[any
factoryorgrouporclassordescriptionoffactories,]varythelimitslaiddowninclause(b),butsothat
nosuchvariationshallauthorizetheemploymentofanywomanbetweenthehoursof10P.M.and5
A.M.
3[(c)thereshallbenochangeofshiftsexceptafteraweeklyholidayoranyotherholiday.]
(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprovidingfortheexemptionfromtherestrictionssetoutin
subsection(1),tosuchextentandsubjecttosuchconditionsasitmayprescribe,ofwomenworking
infishcuringorfishcanningfactories,wheretheemploymentofwomenbeyondthehoursspecified
inthesaidrestrictionsisnecessarytopreventdamagetoordeteriorationin,anyrawmaterial.
(3)Therulesmadeundersubsection(2)shallremaininforcefornotmorethanthreeyearsatatime.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.29,foremployedinanyfactory(w.e.f.26101976).
2.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.29,foranyclassordeseriptionoffactories(w.e.f.26101976).
67. PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG

CHILDREN.
No child who has not completed his fourteenth year shall be required or allowed to work in any
factory.
comments
Employmentofchildrenwithinthematchfactoriesdirectlyconnectedwiththemanufacturingprocess
uptofinalproductionofmatchsticksorfireworksshouldnotatallbepermittedM.C.Mehtav.State
ofTamilNadu,AIR1991SC417.
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68.NONADULTWORKERSTOCARRYTOKENS.
Achildwhohascompletedhisfourteenthyearoranadolescentshallnotberequiredorallowedto
workinanyfactoryunless
(a) a certificate of fitness granted with reference to him under section 69 is in the custody of the
managerofthefactoryand
(b)suchchildoradolescentcarrieswhileheisatworkatokengivingareferencetosuchcertificate.
69.CERTIFICATESOFFITNESS.
(1) A certifying surgeon shall, on the application of any young person or his parent or guardian
accompaniedbyadocumentsignedbythemanagerofafactorythatsuchpersonwillbeemployed
thereinifcertifiedtobefitforworkinafactory,orontheapplicationofthemanagerofthefactoryin
whichanyyoungpersonwishestowork,examinesuchpersonandascertainhisfitnessforworkina
factory.
(2)Thecertifyingsurgeon,afterexamination,maygranttosuchyoungperson,intheprescribedform,
or may renew (a) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as a child, if he is satisfied that the
youngpersonhascompletedhisfourteenthyear,thathehasattainedtheprescribedphysicalstandards
andthatheisfitforsuchwork
(b)acertificateoffitnesstoworkinafactoryasanadult,ifheissatisfiedthattheyoungpersonhas
completedhisfifteenthyear,andisfitforafulldaysworkinafactory:
Provided that unless the certifying surgeon has personal knowledge of the place where the young
personproposestoworkandofthemanufacturingprocessinwhichhewillbeemployed,heshallnot
grantorrenewacertificateunderthissubsectionuntilhehasexaminedsuchplace.
(3) A certificate of fitness granted or renewed under subsection (2) (a) shall be valid only for a
periodoftwelvemonthsfromthedatethereof
(b)maybemadesubjecttoconditionsinregardtothenatureoftheworkinwhichtheyoungperson
maybeemployed,orrequiringreexaminationoftheyoungpersonbeforetheexpiryoftheperiodof
twelvemonths.
(4)Acertifyingsurgeonshallrevokeanycertificategrantedorrenewedundersubsection(2)ifinhis
opiniontheholderofitisnolongerfittoworkinthecapacitystatedthereininafactory.
(5) Where a certifying surgeon refuses to grant or renew a certificate or a certificate of the kind
requestedorrevokesacertificate,heshall,ifsorequestedbyanypersonwhocouldhaveappliedfor
thecertificateortherenewalthereof,statehisreasonsinwritingforsodoing.
(6)Whereacertificateunderthissectionwithreferencetoanyyoungpersonisgrantedorrenewed
subjecttosuchconditionsasarereferredtoinclause(b)ofsubsection(3),theyoungpersonshallnot
berequiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactoryexceptinaccordancewiththoseconditions.
(7)Anyfeepayableforacertificateunderthissectionshallbepaidbytheoccupierandshallnotbe
recoverablefromtheyoungperson,hisparentsorguardian.
70.EFFECTOFCERTIFICATEOFFITNESSGRANTEDTO
ADOLESCENT.
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(1)Anadolescentwhohasbeengrantedacertificateoffitnesstoworkinafactoryasanadultunder
clause(b)ofsubsection(2)ofsection69,andwhowhileatworkinafactorycarriesatokengiving
referencetothecertificate,shallbedeemedtobeanadultforallthepurposesofChaptersVIandIII.
1[***]
2[(1A)
Nofemaleadolescentoramaleadolescentwhohasnotattainedtheageofseventeenyearsbutwho
hasbeengrantedacertificateoffitnesstoworkinafactoryasanadult,shallberequiredorallowedto
workinanyfactoryexceptbetween6A.M.and7P.M.:
Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, in respect of any
factoryorgrouporclassordescriptionoffactories
(i)varythelimitslaiddowninthissubsectionso,however,thatnosuchsectionshallauthorisethe
employmentofanyfemaleadolescentbetween10P.M.and5A.M.
(ii) grant exemption from the provisions of this subsection in case of serious emergency where
nationalinterestisinvolved.
(2)Anadolescentwhohasnotbeengrantedacertificateoffitnesstoworkinafactoryasanadult
under the aforesaid clause (b) shall, notwithstanding his age, be deemed to be a child for all the
purposesof
thisAct.
1.TheprovisoandtheExplanationomittedbyAct20of1987,sec.22(w.e.f.1121987).
71.WORKINGHOURSFORCHILDREN.
(1)Nochildshallbeemployedorpermittedtowork,inanyfactory
(a)formorethanfourandahalfhoursinanyday
1[(b)duringthenight.
Explanation.For the purpose of this subsection night shall mean a period of at least twelve
consecutivehourswhichshallincludetheintervalbetween10P.M.and6A.M.]
(2)Theperiodofworkofallchildrenemployedinafactoryshallbelimitedtotwoshiftswhichshall
notoverlaporspreadovermorethanfivehourseachandeachchildshallbeemployedinonlyoneof
therelayswhichshallnot,exceptwiththepreviouspermissioninwritingoftheChiefInspector,be
changedmorefrequentlythanonceinaperiodofthirtydays.
(3) The provisions of section 52 shall apply also to child workers and no exemption from the
provisionsofthatsectionmaybegrantedinrespectofanychild.
(4)Nochildshallberequiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactoryonanydayonwhichhehasalready
beenworkinginanotherfactory.
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2[(5)Nofemalechildshallberequiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactoryexceptbetween8A.M.and
7P.M.]
1.Subs.byAct25of1954,sec19,forclause(b)(w.e.f.751954).
72.NOTICEOFPERIODSOFWORKFORCHILDREN.
(1) There shall be displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in which children are
employed,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofsubsection(2)ofsection108anoticeofperiodof
workforchildren,showingclearlyforeverydaytheperiodsduringwhichchildrenmayberequiredor
allowedtowork.
(2) The periods shown in the notice required by subsection (1) shall be fixed beforehand in
accordancewiththemethodlaiddownforadultworkersinsection61,andshallbesuchthatchildren
workingforthoseperiodswouldnotbeworkingincontraventionofanyoftheprovisionsofsection
71.
(3) The provisions of subsections (8), (9) and (10) of section 61 shall apply also to the notice
requiredbysubsection(1)ofthissection.
73.REGISTEROFCHILDWORKERS.
(1) The manager of every factory in which children are employed shall maintain a register of child
workers,tobeavailabletotheInspectoratalltimesduringworkinghoursorwhenanyworkisbeing
carriedoninafactory,showing
(a)thenameofeachchildworkerinthefactory,
(b)thenatureofhiswork,
(c)thegroup,ifany,inwhichheisincluded,
(d)wherehisgroupworksinshifts,therelaytowhichheisallotted,and
(e)thenumberofhiscertificateoffitnessgrantedundersection69.
1[(1A)Nochildworkershallberequiredorallowedtoworkinanyfactoryunlesshisnameandother
particularshavebeenenteredintheregisterofchildworkers.]
(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the register of child workers, the manner in
whichitshallbemaintainedandtheperiodforwhichitshallbepreserved.
74. HOURS OF WORK TO CORRESPOND WITH NOTICE

UNDER SECTION 72 AND REGISTER UNDER SECTION
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73.
Nochildshallbeemployedinanyfactoryotherwisethaninaccordancewiththenoticeofperiodsof
work for children displayed in the factory and the entries made beforehand against his name in the
registerofchildworkersofthefactory.
75.POWERTOREQUIREMEDICALEXAMINATION.
WhereanInspectorisofopinion
(a)thatanypersonworkinginafactorywithoutacertificateoffitnessisayoungperson,or
(b)thatayoungpersonworkinginafactorywithacertificateoffitnessisnolongerfittoworkinthe
capacity stated therein, he may serve on the manager of the factory a notice requiring that such
person or young person, as the case may be, shall be examined by a certifying surgeon, and such
personoryoungpersonshallnot,iftheInspectorsodirects,beemployed,orpermittedtowork,inany
factoryuntilhehasbeensoexaminedandhasbeengrantedacertificateoffitnessorafreshcertificate
of fitness, as the case may be, under section 69, or has been certified by the certifying surgeon
examininghimnottobeayoungperson.
TheStateGovernmentmaymakerules
(a) prescribing the forms of certificates of fitness to be granted under section 69, providing for the
grantofduplicatesintheeventoflossoftheoriginalcertificates,andfixingthefeeswhichmaybe
chargedforsuchcertificatesandrenewalsthereofandsuchduplicates
(b)prescribingthephysicalstandardstobeattainedbychildrenandadolescentsworkinginfactories
(c)regulatingtheprocedureofcertifyingsurgeonsunderthisChapter
(d)specifyingotherdutieswhichcertifyingsurgeonsmayberequiredtoperforminconnectionwith
the employment of young persons in factories, and fixing the fees which may be charged for such
dutiesandthepersonsbywhomtheyshallbepayable.
77. CERTAIN OTHER PROVISIONS OF LAW NOT

BARRED.
TheprovisionsofthisChaptershallbeinadditionto,andnotinderogationof,theprovisionsofthe
EmploymentofChildrenAct,1938(26of1938).
78.APPLICATIONOFCHAPTER.
(1)TheprovisionsofthisChaptershallnotoperatetotheprejudiceofanyrighttowhichaworker
may be entitled under any other law or under the terms of any award, 1[agreement (including
settlement)]orcontractofservice:
2[Providedthatifsuchaward,agreement(includingsettlement)orcontractofserviceprovidesfora
longerannualleavewithwagesthanprovidedinthisChapter,thequantumofleave,whichtheworker
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shallbeentitledto,shallbeinaccordancewithsuchaward,agreementorcontractofservice,butin
relationtomattersnotprovidedforinsuchaward,agreementorcontractofserviceormatterswhich
areprovidedforlessfavourablytherein,theprovisionsofsections79to82,sofarasmaybe,shall
apply.]
(2) The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to workers 3[in any factory] of any railway
administered by the Government, who are governed by leave rules approved by the Central
Government.
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.31,foragreement(w.e.f.26101976).
2.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.31,fortheproviso(w.e.f.26101976).
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.31,forinanyworkshop(w.e.f.26101976).
79.ANNUALLEAVEWITHWAGES.
(1)Everyworkerwhohasworkedforaperiodof240daysormoreinafactoryduringacalendar
year shall be allowed during the subsequent calendar year, leave with wages for a number of days
calculatedattherateof
(i)ifanadult,onedayforeverytwentydaysofworkperformedbyhimduringthepreviouscalendar
year
(ii)ifachild,onedayforeveryfifteendaysofworkformedbyhimduringthepreviouscalendaryear.
Explanation1:Forthepurposeofthissubsection(a)anydaysoflayoff,byagreementorcontract
oraspermissibleunderthestandingorders
(b) in the case of a female worker, maternity leave for any number of days not exceeding twelve
weeksand
(c)theleaveearnedintheyearpriortothatinwhichtheleaveisenjoyedshallbedeemedtobedays
onwhichtheworkerhasworkedinafactoryforthepurposeofcomputationoftheperiodof240days
ormore,butheshallnotearnleaveforthesedays.
Explanation2:Theleaveadmissibleunderthissubsectionshallbeexclusiveofallholidayswhether
occurringduringorateitherendoftheperiodofleave.
(2)AworkerwhoseservicecommencesotherwisethanonthefirstdayofJanuaryshallbeentitledto
leavewithwagesattheratelaiddowninclause(i)or,asthecasemaybe,clause(ii)ofsubsection
(1)ifhehasworkedfortwothirdsofthetotalnumberofdaysintheremainderofthecalenderyear.
1(3)Ifaworkerisdischargedordismissedfromserviceorquitshisemploymentorissuperannuated
ordieswhileinservice,duringthecourseofthecalendaryear,heorhisheirornominee,asthecase
may be, shall be entitled to wages in lieu of the quantum of leave to which he was entitled
immediately before his discharge, dismissal, quitting of employment, superannuation or death
calculated at the rates specified in subsection (1), even if he had not worked for the entire period
specified in subsection (1) or subsection (2) making him eligible to avail of such leave, and such
paymentshallbemade
(i)wheretheworkerisdischargedordismissedorquitsemployment,beforetheexpiryofthesecond
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workingdayfromthedateofsuchdischarge,dismissalorquitting,and
(ii)wheretheworkerissuperannuatedordieswhileinservice,beforetheexpiryoftwomonthsfrom
thedateofsuchsuperannuationordeath.
(4)Incalculatingleaveunderthissection,fractionofleaveofhalfadayormoreshallbetreatedas
onefulldaysleave,andfractionoflessthanhalfadayshallbeomitted.
(5)Ifaworkerdoesnotinanyonecalendaryeartakethewholeoftheleaveallowedtohimunder
subsection(1)orsubsection(2),asthecasemaybe,anyleavenottakenbyhimshallbeaddedtothe
leavetobeallowedtohiminthesucceedingcalendaryear:
Providedthatthetotalnumberofdaysofleavethatmaybecarriedforwardtoasucceedingyearshall
notexceedthirtyinthecaseofanadultorfortyinthecaseofachild:
Provided further that a worker, who has applied for leave with wages but has not been given such
leaveinaccordancewithanyschemelaiddowninsubsections(8)and(9) 2[or in contravention of
subsection(10)]shallbeentitledtocarryforwardthe3[leaverefused]withoutanylimit.
(6)Aworkermayatanytimeapplyinwritingtothemanagerofafactorynotlessthanfifteendays
before the date on which he wishes his leave to begin, to take all the leave or any portion thereof
allowabletohimduringthecalendaryear:
Provided that the application shall be made not less than thirty days before the date on which the
workerwisheshisleavetobegin,ifheisemployedinapublicutilityserviceasdefinedinclause(n)
ofsection2oftheIndustrialDisputesAct,1947(14of1947):
Provided further that the number of times in which leave may be taken during any year shall not
exceedthree.
(7)Ifaworkerwantstoavailhimselfoftheleavewithwagesduetohimtocoveraperiodofillness,
heshallbegrantedsuchleaveeveniftheapplicationforleaveisnotmadewithinthetimespecifiedin
subsection
(6)andinsuchacasewagesasadmissibleundersection81shallbepaidnotlaterthanfifteendays,
orinthecaseofapublicutilityservicenotlaterthanthirtydaysfromthedateoftheapplicationfor
leave.
(8) For the purpose of ensuring the continuity of work, the occupier or manager of the factory, in
agreement with the Works Committee of the factory constituted under section 3 of the Industrial
DisputesAct,1947(14of1947),orasimilarCommitteeconstitutedunderanyotherActorifthereis
no such Works Committee or a similar Committee in the factory, in agreement with the
representatives of the workers therein chosen in the prescribed manner, may lodge with the Chief
Inspector a scheme in writing whereby the grant of leave allowable under this section may be
regulated.
(9) A scheme lodged under subsection (8) shall be displayed at some conspicuous and convenient
places in the factory and shall be in force for a period of twelve months from the date on which it
comesintoforce,andmaythereafterberenewedwithorwithoutmodificationforafurtherperiodof
twelve months at a time, by the manager in agreement with the Works Committee or a similar
Committee,orasthecasemaybe,inagreementwiththerepresentativesoftheworkersasspecifiedin
subsection(8),andanoticeofrenewalshallbesenttotheChiefInspectorbeforeitisrenewed.
(10)Anapplicationforleavewhichdoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofsubsection(6)shallnotbe
refused, unless refusal is in accordance with the scheme for the time being in operation under sub
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sections(8)and(9).
(11)Iftheemploymentofaworkerwhoisentitledtoleaveundersubsection(1)orsubsection(2),
asthecasemaybe,isterminatedbytheoccupierbeforehehastakentheentireleavetowhichheis
entitled, or if having applied for and having not been granted such leave, the worker quits his
employment before he has taken the leave, the occupier of the factory shall pay him the amount
payableundersection80inrespectoftheleavenottaken,andsuchpaymentshallbemade,wherethe
employmentoftheworkeristerminatedbytheoccupier,beforetheexpiryofthesecondworkingday
aftersuchtermination,andwhereaworkerwhoquitshisemployment,onorbeforethenextpayday.
(12)Theunavailedleaveofaworkershallnotbetakenintoconsiderationincomputingtheperiodof
anynoticerequiredtobegivenbeforedischargeordismissal.
comments
Inviewofsubsection(3)ofsection79,whichprovidesthatevenwhentheworkmanquitshisservice
onhisownaccountheshallbepaidleavewages,anemployeewhotenderedresignationwithnoticeis
entitledtoclaimwagesforearnedleaveD.N.Bandopadhyayv.PresidingOfficer,11thLabourCourt,
Bombay,1997LLR943.
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.32,forunavailedleave(w.e.f.26101976).
80.WAGESDURINGLEAVEPERIOD.
(1) For the leave allowed to him under 1[section 78 or section 79, as the case may be,] a worker
2[shallbeentitledtowages]atarateequaltothedailyaverageofhistotalfulltimeearningsforthe
daysonwhich 3[heactuallyworked]duringthemonthimmediatelyprecedinghisleave,exclusiveof
anyovertimeandbonusbutinclusiveofdearnessallowanceandthecashequivalentoftheadvantage
accruingthroughtheconcessionalsaletotheworkeroffoodgrainsandotherarticles:
4[Providedthatinthecaseofaworkerwhohasnotworkedonanydayduringthecalendarmonth
immediatelyprecedinghisleave,heshallbepaidatarateequaltothedailyaverageofhistotalfull
timeearningsforthedaysonwhichheactuallyworkedduringthelastcalendarmonthprecedinghis
leave, in which he actually worked, exclusive of any overtime and bonus but inclusive of dearness
allowance and the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to the
workersoffoodgrainsandotherarticles.]
(2) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to the worker of
foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as often as may be prescribed, on the basis of the
maximumquantityoffoodgrainsandotherarticlesadmissibletoastandardfamily.
Explanation1:Standardfamilymeansafamilyconsistingofaworker,hisorherspouseandtwo
childrenbelowtheageoffourteenyearsrequiringinallthreeadultconsumptionunits.
Explanation 2 : Adult consumption unit means the consumption unit of a male above the age of
fourteen years and the consumption unit of a female above the age of fourteen years and that of a
childbelowtheageoffourteenyearsshallbecalculatedattheratesof0.8and0.6respectivelyofone
adultconsumptionunit.
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(3)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprescribing
(a)themannerinwhichthecashequivalentoftheadvantageaccruingthroughtheconcessionalsaleto
aworkeroffoodgrainsandotherarticlesshallbecomputedand
(b)theregistersthatshallbemaintainedinafactoryforthepurposeofsecuringcompliancewiththe
provisionsofthissection.
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.24,forshallbepaid(w.e.f.1121987).
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.33,forheworked(w.e.f.26101976).
81.PAYMENTINADVANCEINCERTAINCASES.
A worker who has been allowed leave for not less than four days, in the case of an adult, and five
days,inthecaseofachild,shall,beforehisleavebegins,bepaidthewagesduefortheperiodofthe
leaveallowed.
comments
Standing orders of a company have merely statutory flavour whereas section 81 of the Act is a
provisionofastatute,therefore,theprovisionsofsection81mustprevailoverthestandingordersof
thecompanyMaharashtraGeneralKamgarUnionv.BharatPetroleumCorporationLtd.,1996LLR
899.
82.MODEOFRECOVERYOFUNPAIDWAGES.
Any sum required to be paid by an employer, under this chapter but not paid by him shall be
recoverableasdelayedwagesundertheprovisionsofthePaymentofWagesAct,1936(4of1936).
The State Government may make rules directing managers of factories to keep registers containing
suchparticularsasmaybeprescribedandrequiringtheregisterstobemadeavailableforexamination
byInspectors..
84.POWERSTOEXEMPTFACTORIES.
WheretheStateGovernmentissatisfiedthattheleaverulesapplicabletoworkersinafactoryprovide
benefitswhichinitsopinionarenotlessfavourablethanthoseforwhichthisChaptermakesprovision
itmay,bywrittenorder,exemptthefactoryfromalloranyoftheprovisionsofthisChaptersubjectto
suchconditionsasmaybespecifiedintheorder.
Explanation:Forthepurposesofthissection,indecidingwhetherthebenefitswhichareprovidedfor
byanyleaverulesarelessfavourablethanthoseforwhichthisChaptermakesprovision,ornot,the
totalityofthebenefitsshallbetakenintoaccount.
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1[Explanation.For
the purposes of this section, in deciding whether the benefits which are
providedforbyanyleaverulesarelessfavourablethanthoseforwhichthisChaptermakesprovision,
ornot,thetotalityofthebenefitsshallbetakenintoaccount.]
85. POWER TO APPLY THE ACT TO CERTAIN

PREMISES.
(1)TheStateGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,declarethatalloranyofthe
provisionsofthisActshallapplytoanyplacewhereinamanufacturingprocessiscarriedonwithor
withouttheaidofpowerorissoordinarilycarriedon,notwithstandingthat
(i)thenumberofpersonsemployedthereinislessthanten,ifworkingwiththeaidofpowerandless
thantwentyifworkingwithouttheaidofpower,or
(ii) the persons working therein are not employed by the owner thereof but are working with the
permissionof,orunderagreementwith,suchowner:
Providedthatthemanufacturingprocessisnotbeingcarriedonbytheowneronlywiththeaidofhis
family.
(2)Afteraplaceissodeclared,itshallbedeemedtobeafactoryforthepurposesofthisAct,andthe
ownershallbedeemedtobetheoccupier,andanypersonworkingtherein,aworker.
Explanation : For the purposes of this section, owner shall include a lessee or mortgagee with
possessionofthepremises.
Comments
Thepowerexercisableundersection85oftheActisneitherajudicialnoraquasijudicialpowernor
isitanadministrativefunctionaffectingtherightsofpersons.Itisalegislativeactivitytomakethe
legislative instrument extensively operative by making it applicable to places where the
manufacturingiscarriedon.Suchadeclarationbynotificationinthecontextofsection85oftheAct
islegislativeincharacterPanneerselvamMatchIndustriesv.GovernmentofTamilnadu,(1998)92
IFJ762.
86.POWERTOEXEMPTPUBLICINSTITUTIONS.
The State Government may exempt, subject to such conditions as it may consider necessary, any
workshoporworkplacewhereamanufacturingprocessiscarriedonandwhichisattachedtoapublic
institution, maintained for the purposes of education, 1training, research or reformation, from all or
anyoftheprovisionsofthisAct:
Provided that no exemption shall be granted from the provisions relating to hours of work and
holidays,unlessthepersonshavingthecontroloftheinstitutionsubmit,fortheapprovaloftheState
Government, a scheme for the regulation of the hours of employment, intervals for meals, and
holidaysofthepersonsemployedinorattendingtheinstitutionorwhoareinmatesoftheinstitution,
andtheStateGovernmentissatisfiedthattheprovisionsoftheschemearenotlessfavourablethan
thecorrespondingprovisionsofthisAct.
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1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.35,fortraining(w.e.f.26101976).
87.DANGEROUSOPERATIONS.
WheretheStateGovernmentisofopinionthatany1[manufacturingprocessoroperation]carriedon
inafactoryexposesanypersonsemployedinittoaseriousriskofbodilyinjury,poisoningordisease,
it may make rules applicable to any factory or class or description of factories in which the
1[manufacturingprocessoroperation]iscarriedon
(a)specifyingthe1[manufacturingprocessoroperation]anddeclaringittobedangerous
(b) prohibiting or restricting the employment of women, adolescents or children in the
1[manufacturingprocessoroperation]
(c)providingfortheperiodicalmedicalexaminationofpersonsemployed,orseekingtobeemployed,
inthe 1[manufacturingprocessoroperation],andprohibitingtheemploymentorpersonsnotcertified
asfitforsuchemployment2[andrequiringthepaymentbytheoccupierofthefactoryoffeesforsuch
medicalexamination]
(d)providingfortheprotectionofallpersonsemployedinthe1[manufacturingprocessoroperation]
orinthevicinityoftheplaceswhereitiscarriedon
(e)prohibiting,restrictingorcontrollingtheuseofanyspecifiedmaterialsorprocessesinconnection
withthe1[manufacturingprocessoroperation]
2[(f)requiringtheprovisionofadditionalwelfareamenitiesandsanitaryfacilitiesandthesupplyof
protective equipment and clothing, and laying down the standards thereof, having regard to the
dangerousnatureofthemanufacturingprocessoroperation.
3[***]
1.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.36,foroperation(w.e.f.26101976).
3.Clause(g)omittedbyActof20of1987,sec.25(w.e.f.1121987).
87A. POWER TO PROHIBIT EMPLOYMENT

ACCOUNTOFSERIOUSHAZARD.
ON
1[87A.Powertoprohibitemploymentonaccountofserioushazard.(1)Whereitappearstothe
Inspectorthatconditionsinafactoryorpartthereofaresuchthattheymaycauseserioushazardby
wayofinjuryordeathtothepersonsemployedthereinortothegeneralpublicinthevicinity,hemay,
byorderinwritingtotheoccupierofthefactory,statetheparticularsinrespectofwhichheconsiders
the factory or part thereof to be the cause of such serious hazard and prohibit such occupier from
employinganypersoninthefactoryoranypartthereofotherthantheminimumnumberofpersons
necessarytoattendtotheminimumtaskstillthehazardisremoved.
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(2) Any order issued by the Inspector under subsection (1) shall have effect for a period of three
daysuntilextendedbytheChiefInspectorbyasubsequentorder.
(3)AnypersonaggrievedbyanorderoftheInspectorundersubsection(1),andtheChiefInspector
undersubsection(2),shallhavetherighttoappealtotheHighCourt.
(4)Anypersonwhoseemploymenthasbeenaffectedbyanorderissuedundersubsection(1),shall
beentitledtowagesandotherbenefitsanditshallbethedutyoftheoccupiertoprovidealternative
employmenttohimwhereverpossibleandinthemannerprescribed.
(5)Theprovisionsofsubsection(4)shallbewithoutprejudicetotherightsofthepartiesunderthe
IndustrialDisputesAct,1947(14of1947).
88.NOTICEOFCERTAINACCIDENTS.
1(1)Whereinanyfactoryanaccidentoccurswhichcausesdeath,orwhichcausesanybodilyinjury
byreasonofwhichthepersoninjuredispreventedfromworkingforaperiodoffortyeighthoursor
more immediately following the accident, or which is of such nature as may be prescribed in this
behalf,themanagerofthefactoryshallsendnoticethereoftosuchauthorities,andinsuchformand
withinsuchtime,asmaybeprescribed.
2(2)Whereanoticegivenundersubsection(1)relatestoanaccidentcausingdeath,theauthorityto
whomthenoticeissentshallmakeaninquiryintotheoccurrencewithinonemonthofthereceiptof
thenoticeor,ifsuchauthorityisnottheInspector,causetheInspectortomakeaninquirywithinthe
saidperiod.
(3)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesforregulatingtheprocedureatinquiriesunderthissection.
1. Section 88 renumbered as subsection (1) thereof by Act 94 of 1976, sec. 37 (w.e.f. 2610
1976).
2.Ins.byAct94of1976,sec.37(w.e.f.26101976)
88A.
NOTICE
OCCURRENCES.
OF
CERTAIN
DANGEROUS
1[88A.Noticeofcertaindangerousoccurrences.Whereinafactoryanydangerousoccurrenceof
suchnatureasmaybeprescribed,occurs,whethercausinganybodilyinjuryordisabilityornot,the
managerofthefactosryshallsendnoticethereoftosuchauthorities,andinsuchformandwithinsuch
time,asmaybeprescribed.
89.NOTICEOFCERTAINDISEASES.
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(1) Where any worker in a factory contracts any disease specified in1 the Third Schedule, the
managerofthefactoryshallsendnoticethereoftosuchauthorities,andinsuchformandwithinsuch
timeasmaybeprescribed.
(2)Ifanymedicalpractitionerattendsonapersonwhoisorhasbeenemployedinafactory,andwho
is,orisbelievedbythemedicalpractitionertobe,sufferingfromanydisease,specifiedintheThird
SchedulethemedicalpractitionershallwithoutdelaysendareportinwritingtotheofficeoftheChief
Inspectorstating
(a)thenameandfullpostaladdressofthepatient,
(b)thediseasefromwhichhebelievesthepatienttobesuffering,and
(c)thenameandaddressofthefactoryinwhichthepatientis,orwaslast,employed.
(3)Wherethereportundersubsection(2)isconfirmedtothesatisfaction
of the Chief Inspector, by the certificate of a certifying surgeon or otherwise, that the person is
sufferingfromadiseasespecifiedintheThirdSchedule,heshallpaytothemedicalpractitionersuch
feeasmaybeprescribed,andthefeesopaidshallberecoverableasanarrearoflandrevenuefrom
theoccupierofthefactoryinwhichthepersoncontractedthedisease.
(4) If any medical practitioner fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (2), he shall be
punishablewithfinewhichmayextendto2onethousandrupees.
3(5)TheCentralGovernmentmay,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,
addtooraltertheThirdScheduleandanysuchadditionoralterationshallhaveeffectasifithadbeen
madebythisAct.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.27,fortheSchedule(w.e.f.1121987).
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.27,forfiftyrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
90. POWER TO DIRECT ENQUIRY INTO CASES OF

ACCIDENTORDISEASE.
(1)TheStateGovernmentmay,ifitconsidersitexpedientsotodo,appointacompetentpersonto
inquire into the causes of any accident occurring in a factory or into any case where a disease
specifiedin 1theThirdSchedulehasbeen,orissuspectedtohavebeen,contractedinafactory,and
may also appoint one or more persons possessing legal or special knowledge to act as assessors in
suchinquiry.
(2)ThepersonappointedtoholdaninquiryunderthissectionshallhaveallthepowersofaCivil
Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), for the purposes of enforcing the
attendanceofwitnessesandcompellingtheproductionofdocumentsandmaterialobjects,andmay
also, so far as may be necessary for the purposes of the inquiry, exercise any of the powers of an
InspectorunderthisActandeverypersonrequiredbythepersonmakingtheinquirytofurnishany
information shall be deemed to be legally bound so to do within the meaning of section 176 of the
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IndianPenalCode,1860(45of1860).
(3) The person holding an inquiry under this section shall make a report to the State Government
statingthecausesoftheaccident,orasthecasemaybe,disease,andanyattendantcircumstances,and
addinganyobservationswhichheoranyoftheassessorsmaythinkfittomake.
(4) The State Government may, if it thinks fit, cause to be published any report made under this
sectionoranyextractstherefrom.
(5)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesforregulatingtheprocedureasInquiriesunderthissection.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.28,fortheSchedule(w.e.f.1121987).
91.POWERTOTAKESAMPLES.
(1)AnInspectormayatanytimeduringthenormalworkinghoursofafactory,afterinformingthe
occupierormanagerofthefactoryorotherpersonforthetimebeingpurportingtobeinchargeofthe
factory,takeinthemannerhereinafterprovidedasufficientsampleofanysubstanceusedorintended
tobeusedinthefactory,suchusebeing
(a) in the belief of the Inspector in contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or the rules
madethereunder,or
(b)intheopinionoftheInspectorlikelytocausebodilyinjuryto,orinjurytothehealthof,workersin
thefactory.
(2)WheretheInspectortakesasampleundersubsection(1),heshall,inthepresenceoftheperson
informed under that subsection unless such person wilfully absents himself, divide the sample into
three portions and effectively seal and suitably mark them, and shall permit such person to add his
ownsealandmarkthereto.
(3) The person informed as aforesaid shall, if the Inspector so requires, provide the appliances for
dividing,sealingandmarkingthesampletakenunderthissection.
(4)TheInspectorshall
(a)forthwithgiveoneportionofthesampletothepersoninformedundersubsection(1)
(b)forthwithsendthesecondportiontoaGovernmentAnalystforanalysisandreportthereon
(c)retainthethirdportionforproductiontotheCourtbeforewhichproceedings,ifany,areinstituted
inrespectofthesubstance.
(5) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of any Government Analyst upon any
substancesubmittedtohimforanalysisandreportunderthissection,maybeusedasevidenceinany
proceedingsinstitutedinrespectofthesubstance.
91A. SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEYS.
1[91A.Safetyandoccupationalhealthsurveys.(1)TheChiefInspector,ortheDirectorGeneral
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of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes, or the Director General of Health Services, to the
Government of India, or such other officer as may be authorised in this behalf by the State
Government or the Chief Inspector or the Director General of Factory Advice Service and Labour
Institutes or the Director General of Health Services may, at any time during the normal working
hours of a factory, or at any other time as is found by him to be necessary, after giving notice in
writingtotheoccupierormanagerofthefactoryoranyotherpersonwhoforthetimebeingpurports
tobeinchargeofthefactory,undertakesafetyandoccupationalhealthsurveysandsuchoccupieror
manager or other person shall afford all facilities for such survey, including facilities for the
examinationandtestingofplantandmachineryandcollectionofsamplesandotherdatarelevantto
thesurvey.
(2)Forthepurposeoffacilitatingsurveysundersubsection(1)everyworkershall,ifsorequiredby
the person conducting the survey, present himself to undergo such medical examination as may be
considerednecessarybysuchpersonandfurnishallinformationinhispossessionandrelevanttothe
survey.
(3)Anytimespentbyaworkerforundergoingmedicalexaminationorfurnishinginformationunder
subsection (2) shall, for the purpose of calculating wages and extra wages for overtime work, be
deemedtobetimeduringwhichsuchworkerworkedinthefactory.
Explanation:Forthepurposesofthissection,thereport,ifany,submittedtotheStateGovernment
bythepersonconductingthesurveyundersubsection(1)shallbedeemedtobeareportsubmittedby
anInspectorunderthisAct.
2[Explanation.For
the purposes of this section, the report, if any, submitted to the State
Governmentbythepersonconductingthesurveyundersubsection(1)shallbedeemedtobeareport
submittedbyanInspectorunderthisAct.]
92.GENERALPENALTYFOROFFENCES.
SaveasisotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisActandsubjecttotheprovisionsofsection93,ifin,or
inrespectof,anyfactorythereisanycontraventionofanyoftheprovisionsofthisActorofanyrules
madethereunderorofanyorderinwritinggiventhereunder,theoccupierandmanagerofthefactory
shalleachbeguiltyofanoffenceandpunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto
1[two years] or with fine which may extend to 2[one lakh rupees] or with both, and if the
contraventioniscontinuedafterconviction,withafurtherfinewhichmayextendto 3[onethousand
rupees]foreachdayonwhichthecontraventionissocontinued:
4[Provided
that where contravention of any of the provisions of Chapter IV or any rule made
thereunderorundersection87hasresultedinanaccidentcausingdeathorseriousbodilyinjury,the
fineshallnotbelessthan5[twentyfivethousandrupees]inthecaseofanaccidentcausingdeath,and
6[fivethousandrupees]inthecaseofanaccidentcausingseriousbodilyinjury.
Explanation : In this section and in section 94 serious bodily injury means an injury which
involves,orinallprobabilitywillinvolve,thepermanentlossoftheuseof,orpermanentinjuryto,
anylimborthepermanentlossof,orinjuryto,sightorhearing,orthefractureofanybone,butshall
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notinclude,thefractureofboneorjoint(notbeingfractureofmorethanoneboneorjoint)ofany
phalangesofthehandorfoot.
comments
Whereanoffence,whichispunishableundersection92oftheAct,hasbeencommittedbyanofficer
oftheRailwaysandheisapublicservantwithinthemeaningofsection21oftheIndianPenalCode,
the requirement of obtaining sanction to prosecute him is mandatory and taking cognizance of an
offenceintheabsenceofsectioncannotbeallowedtostandGeneralManager,WheelandAxlePlant,
Bangalorev.StateofKarnataka,1996(1)FLR23(Karn).
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.30,forthreemonths(w.e.f.1121998).
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.30,fortwothousandrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
3.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.30,forseventyfiverupees(w.e.f.1121987).
5.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.30,foronethousandrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
6.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.30,forfivehundredrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
93. LIABILITY OF OWNER OF PREMISES IN CERTAIN

CIRCUMSTANCES.
1[93. Liability of owner of premises in certain circumstances.(1) Where in any premises
separate buildings are leased to different occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner of the
premises shall be responsible for the provision and maintenance of common facilities and services,
suchasapproachroads,drainage,watersupply,lightingandsanitation.
(2) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the State Government, power to issue
orderstotheownerofthepremisesinrespectofthecarryingoutoftheprovisionsofsubsection(1).
(3) Where in any premises, independent or selfcontained, floors or flats are leased to different
occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner of the premises shall be liable as if he were the
occupierormanagerofafactory,foranycontraventionoftheprovisionsofthisActinrespectof
(i)latrines,urinalsandwashingfacilitiesinsofarasthemaintenanceofthecommonsupplyofwater
forthesepurposesisconcerned
(ii) fencing of machinery and plant belonging to the owner and not specifically entrusted to the
custodyoruseofanoccupier
(iii) safe means of access to the floors or flats and maintenance and cleanliness of staircases and
commonpassages
(iv)precautionsincaseoffire
(v)maintenanceofhoistsandliftsand
(vi)maintenanceofanyothercommonfacilitiesprovidedinthepremises.
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orderstotheownerofthepremisesinrespectofthecarryingouttheprovisionsofsubsection(3).
(5) The provisions of subsection (3) relating to the liability of the owner shall apply where in any
premises independent rooms with common latrines, urinals and washing facilities are leased to
differentoccupiersforuseasseparatefactories:
Providedthattheownershallberesponsiblealsoforcomplyingwiththerequirementsrelatingtothe
provisionsandmaintenanceoflatrines,urinalsandwashingfacilities.
(6)TheChiefInspectorshallhave,subjecttothecontroloftheStateGovernment,thepowertoissue
orderstotheownerofthepremisesreferredtoinsubsection(5)inrespectofthecarryingoutofthe
provisionsofsection46orsection48.
(7)Whereinanypremisesportionsofaroomorashedareleasedtodifferentoccupiersforuseas
separatefactories,theownerofthepremisesshallbeliableforanycontraventionoftheprovisionsof
(i)ChapterIII,exceptsections14and15
(ii)ChapterIV,exceptsections22,23,27,34,35and36:
Providedthatinrespectoftheprovisionsofsections21,24and32theownersliabilityshallbeonlyin
sofarassuchprovisionsrelatetothingsunderhiscontrol:Providedfurtherthattheoccupiershallbe
responsible for complying with the provisions of Chapter IV in respect of plant and machinery
belongingtoorsuppliedbyhim
(iii)section42.
orderstotheownerofthepremisesinrespectofthecarryingoutoftheprovisionsofsubsection(7).
(9)Inrespectofsubsections(5)and(7),whilecomputingforthepurposesofanyoftheprovisionsof
this Act the total number of workers employed, the whole of the premises shall be deemed to be a
singlefactory.
94.
ENHANCED
CONVICTION.
PENALTY
AFTER
PREVIOUS
1[(1)]Ifanypersonwhohasbeenconvictedofanyoffencepunishableundersection92isagainguilty
ofanoffenceinvolvingacontraventionofthesameprovision,heshallbepunishableonasubsequent
conviction with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2[three years] or with fine 3[which
shall not be less than 4[ten thousand rupees] but which may extend to 5[two lakh rupees]] or with
both:
6[Providedthatthecourtmay,foranyadequateandspecialreasonstobementionedinthejudgment,
imposeafineoflessthan4[tenthousandrupees]:
ProvidedfurtherthatwherecontraventionofanyoftheprovisionsofChapterIVoranyrulemade
thereunderorundersection87hasresultedinanaccidentcausingdeathorseriousbodilyinjury,the
fineshallnotbelessthan 7[thirtyfivethousandrupees]inthecaseofanaccidentcausingdeathand
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5[tenthousandrupees]inthecaseofanaccidentcausingseriousbodilyinjury.]
9[(2)Forthepurposesofsubsection(1)nocognizanceshallbetakenofanyconvictionmademore
than two years before the commission of the offence for which the person is subsequently being
convicted.]
1. Section 94 renumbered as subsection (1) thereof by Act 94 of 1976, sec. 41 (w.e.f.2610

1976).
2.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.31,forsixmonths(w.e.f.1121987).
3.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.41,forwhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees(w.e.f.2610
1976).
4.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.31,fortwohundredrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
5.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.31,forfivethousandrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
6.Subs.byAct94of1976,sec.41,fortheproviso(w.e.f.26101976).
7.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.31,fortwothousandrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
8.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.31,foronethousandrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
95.PENALTYFOROBSTRUCTINGINSPECTOR.
WhoeverwilfullyobstructsanInspectorintheexerciseofanypowerconferredonhimbyorunder
this Act, or fails to produce on demand by an Inspector any registers or other documents in his
custodykeptinpursuanceofthisActorofanyrulesmadethereunder,orconcealsorpreventsany
workerinafactoryfromappearingbefore,orbeingexaminedby,anInspector,shallbepunishable
withimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto 1[sixmonths]orwithfinewhichmayextendto
2[tenthousandrupees]orwithboth.
96. PENALTY FOR WRONGFULLY DISCLOSING

RESULTSOFANALYSISUNDERSECTION91.
Whoever,exceptinsofarasitmaybenecessaryforthepurposesofaprosecutionforanyoffence
punishableunderthisAct,publishesordisclosestoanypersontheresultsofananalysismadeunder
section91,shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto 1[sixmonths]or
withfinewhichmayextendto2[tenthousandrupees]orwithboth.
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96A. PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF THE

PROVISIONSOFSECTIONS41B,41CAND41H.
1(1)Whoeverfailstocomplywithorcontravenesanyoftheprovisionsofsection41B,41Cor41Hor
the rules made thereunder, shall, in respect of such failure or contravention, be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and with fine which may extend to two
lakhrupees,andincasethefailureorcontraventioncontinues,withadditionalfinewhichmayextend
tofivethousandrupeesforeverydayduringwhichsuchfailureorcontraventioncontinuesafterthe
convictionforthefirstsuchfailureorcontravention.
(2)Ifthefailureorcontraventionreferredtoinsubsection(1)continuesbeyondaperiodofoneyear
afterthedateofconviction,theoffendershallbepunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmay
extendtotenyears.
1.Ins.byAct20of1987,sec.34(w.e..f.1121987).
97.OFFENCESBYWORKERS.
(1) Subject to the provisions of section 111, if any worker employed in a factory contravenes any
provision of this Act or any rules or orders made thereunder, imposing any duty or liability on
workers,heshallbepunishablewithfinewhichmayextendto1fivehundredrupees.
(2) Where a worker is convicted of an offence punishable under subsection (1), the occupier or
managerofthefactoryshallnotbedeemedtobeguiltyofanoffenceinrespectofthatcontravention,
unlessitisprovedthathefailedtotakeallreasonablemeasuresforitsprevention.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec35,fortwentyrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
98. PENALTY FOR USING FALSE CERTIFICATE OF

FITNESS.
Whoever knowingly uses or attempts to use, as a certificate of fitness granted to himself under
section70,acertificategrantedtoanotherpersonunderthatsection,orwho,havingprocuredsucha
certificate,knowinglyallowsittobeused,oranattempttousetobemade,byanotherperson,shallbe
punishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto1[twomonths]orwithfinewhichmay
extendto2[onethousandrupees]orwithboth.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987,sec.36,foronemonth(w.e.f.1121987).
2.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.36,forfiftyrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
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99.
PENALTY
FOR
PERMITTING
EMPLOYMENTOFCHILD.
DOUBLE
Ifachildworksinafactoryonanydayonwhichhehasalreadybeenworkinginanotherfactory,the
parentorguardianofthechildorthepersonhavingcustodyoforcontroloverhimorobtainingany
direct benefit from his wages, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 1one thousand
rupeesunlessitappearstotheCourtthatthechildsoworkedwithouttheconsentorconnivanceof
suchparent,guardianorperson.
1.Subs.byAct20of1987sec.37,forfiftyrupees(w.e.f.1121987).
100.DETENTIONOFOCCUPIERINCERTAINCASES.
[Rep.bytheFactories(Amendment)Act,1987(20of1987).Sec.38(w.e.f.1121987)].
101. EXEMPTION OF OCCUPIER OR MANAGER FROM

LIABILITYINCERTAINCASES.
WheretheoccupierormanagerofafactoryischargedwithanoffencepunishableunderthisAct,he
shallbeentitled,uponcomplaintdulymadebyhimandongivingtotheprosecutornotlessthanthree
cleardaysnoticeinwritingofhisintentionsotodo,tohaveanyotherpersonwhomhechargesasthe
actualoffenderbroughtbeforetheCourtatthetimeappointedforhearingthechargeandif,afterthe
commissionoftheoffencehasbeenproved,theoccupierormanagerofthefactory,asthecasemay
be,provestothesatisfactionofthecourt
(a)thathehasusedduediligencetoenforcetheexecutionofthisAct,and
(b)thatthesaidotherpersoncommittedtheoffenceinquestionwithouthisknowledge,consentor
connivance, that other person shall be convicted of the offence and shall be liable to the like
punishmentasifheweretheoccupierormanagerofthefactory,andtheoccupierormanager,asthe
case may be, shall be discharged from any liability under this Act in respect of such offence :
Providedthatinseekingtoproveasaforesaid,theoccupierormanagerofthefactory,asthecasemay
be,maybeexaminedonoath,andhisevidenceandthatofanywitnesswhomhecallsinhissupport
shallbesubjecttocrossexaminationonbehalfofthepersonhechargesastheactualoffenderandby
theprosecutor:Providedfurtherthat,ifthepersonchargedastheactualoffenderbytheoccupieror
managercannotbebroughtbeforetheCourtatthetimeappointedforhearingthecharge,theCourt
shalladjournthehearingfromtimetotimeforaperiodnotexceedingthreemonthsandifbytheend
ofthesaidperiodthepersonchargedastheactualoffendercannotstillbebroughtbeforetheCourt,
theCourtshallproceedtohearthechargeagainsttheoccupierormanagerandshall,iftheoffencebe
proved,convicttheoccupierormanager.
102.POWEROFCOURTTOMAKEORDERS.
(1)WheretheoccupierormanagerofafactoryisconvictedofanoffencepunishableunderthisAct
the Court may, in addition to awarding any punishment, by order in writing require him, within a
periodspecifiedintheorder(whichtheCourtmay,ifitthinksfitandonapplicationinsuchbehalf,
fromtimetotimeextend)totakesuchmeasuresasmaybesospecifiedforremedyingthemattersin
respectofwhichtheoffencewascommitted.
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(2)Whereanorderismadeundersubsection(1),theoccupierormanagerofthefactory,asthecase
may be, shall not be liable under this Act in respect of the continuation of the offence during the
period or extended period, if any, allowed by the Court, but if, on the expiry of such period or
extended period, as the case may be, the order of the Court has not been fully complied with, the
occupierormanager,asthecasemaybe,shallbedeemedtohavecommittedafurtheroffence,and
maybesentencedthereforbytheCourttoundergoimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosix
monthsortopayafinewhichmayextendtoonehundredrupeesforeverydayaftersuchexpiryon
whichtheorderhasnotbeencompliedwith,orbothtoundergosuchimprisonmentandtopaysuch
fine,asaforesaid.
103.PRESUMPTIONASTOEMPLOYMENT.
Ifapersonisfoundinafactoryatanytime,exceptduringintervalsformealsorrest,whenworkis
going on or the machinery is in motion, he shall until the contrary is proved, be deemed for the
purposesofthisActandtherulesmadethereundertohavebeenatthattimeemployedinthefactory.
comments
When it was factually established therespondent was nota workman, raising apresumptionunder
Section103oftheActinhisfavourwasnotcorrecttheFactorymanager,CIMMCOFactoryv.V.K.
Sharma,AIR2000SC2524.
104.ONUSASTOAGE.
(1)Whenanyactoromissionwould,ifapersonwereunderacertainage,beanoffencepunishable
underthisAct,andsuchpersonisintheopinionoftheCourtprimafacieundersuchage,theburden
shallbeontheaccusedtoprovethatsuchpersonisnotundersuchage.
(2) A declaration in writing by a certifying surgeon relating to a worker that he has personally
examinedhimandbelieveshimtobeundertheagestatedinsuchdeclarationshall,forthepurposes
ofthisActandtherulesmadethereunder,beadmissibleasevidenceoftheageofthatworker.
104A. ONUS OF PROVING LIMITS OF WHAT IS

PRACTICABLE,ETC.
1[104A.Onusofprovinglimitsofwhatispracticable,etc.Inanyproceedingforanoffenceforthe
contraventionofanyprovisionofthisActorrulesmadethereunderconsistingofafailuretocomply
withadutyorrequirementtodosomething,itshallbeforthepersonwhoisallegedtohavefailedto
complywithsuchdutyorrequirement,toprovethatitwasnotreasonablypracticable,or,asthecase
maybe,allpracticablemeasuresweretakentosatisfythedutyorrequirement.
105.COGNIZANCEOFOFFENCES.
(1)NoCourtshalltakecognizanceofanyoffenceunderthisActexceptoncomplaintby,orwiththe
previoussanctioninwritingof,anInspector.
(2)NoCourtbelowthatofaPresidencyMagistrateorofaMagistrateofthefirstclassshalltryany
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offencepunishableunderthisAct.
comments
Since the written complaint was filed by an Inspector of the Factory himself, therefore no previous
sanctionatallwasrequiredtobetakenK.C.Majumdarv.StateofBihar,2003(98)FLR116
stateamendment
HimachalPradesh.InSection105,insubsection(2),omitthewordsofaPresidencyMagistrate
or.
[VideHimachalPradeshA.L.O.1948(w.e.f.25121948)].
106.LIMITATIONOFPROSECUTIONS.
NoCourtshalltakecognizanceofanyoffencepunishableunderthisActunlesscomplaintthereofis
made within three months of the date on which the alleged commission of the offence came to the
knowledgeofanInspector:
Provided that where the offence consists of disobeying a written order made by an Inspector,
complaintthereofmaybemadewithinsixmonthsofthedateonwhichtheoffenceisallegedtohave
beencommitted.
1Explanation:Forthepurposesofthissection,
(a)inthecaseofacontinuingoffence,theperiodoflimitationshallbecomputedwithreferenceto
everypointoftimeduringwhichtheoffencecontinues
(b)wherefortheperformanceofanyacttimeisgrantedorextendedonanapplicationmadebythe
occupierormanagerofafactory,theperiodoflimitationshallbecomputedfromthedateonwhich
thetimesograntedorextendedexpired.
STATEAMENDMENT
UttarPradesh.Aftersection106,insertthefollowingsection.
106A.Compoundinginoffences.TheInspectormay,subjecttoanygeneralorspecialorderofthe
State Government in this behalf, compound any offences punishable under this Act with fine only,
andcommittedforthefirsttime,eitherbeforeoraftertheinstitutionoftheprosecution,onrealisation
ofsuchamountofcompositionfeeashethinksfitnotexceedingthemaximumamountoffinefixed
fortheoffenceandwheretheoffenceissocompounded,
(i)beforetheinstitutionoftheprosecution,theoffendershallnotbeliabletoprosecution,forsuch
offenceandshall,ifincustody,besetatliberty
(ii)aftertheinstitutionoftheprosecutionthecompositionshallamounttoacquittaloftheoffender.
[VideUttarPradeshAct,35of1979,sec.4(w.e.f.21121979)].
comments
On visiting second time, Inspector discovered continuance of disobedience of a provision of the
FactoriesAct,limitationforcomplaintcanbesaidtostartfromdateoflatervisitofInspectorStateof
Mysorev.M.R.Srinivasan,1966(2)LLJ274.
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106A.JURISDICTIONOFACOURTFORENTERTAINING
PROCEEDINGS,ETC.,FOROFFENCE.
1[106A.Jurisdictionofacourtforentertainingproceedings,etc.,foroffence.Forthepurposesof
conferring jurisdiction on any court in relation to an offence under this Act or the rules made
thereunder in connection with the operation of any plant, the place where the plant is for the time
beingsituateshallbedeemedtobetheplacewheresuchoffencehasbeencommitted.]
107.APPEALS.
(1)ThemanagerofafactoryonwhomanorderinwritingbyanInspectorhasbeenservedunderthe
provisionsofthisActortheoccupierofthefactorymay,withinthirtydaysoftheserviceoftheorder,
appeal against it to the prescribed authority, and such authority may, subject to rules made in this
behalfbytheStateGovernment,confirm,modifyorreversetheorder.
(2) Subject to rules made in this behalf by the State Government (which may prescribe classes of
appeals which shall not be heard with the aid of assessors), the appellate authority may, or if so
requiredinthepetitionofappealshall,heartheappealwiththeaidofassessors,oneofwhomshallbe
appointedbytheappellateauthorityandtheotherbysuchbodyrepresentingtheindustryconcerned
asmaybeprescribed:
Providedthatifnoassessorisappointedbysuchbodybeforethetimefixedforhearingtheappeal,or
iftheassessorsoappointedfailstoattendthehearingatsuchtime,theappellateauthoritymay,unless
satisfiedthatthefailuretoattendisduetosufficientcause,proceedtoheartheappealwithouttheaid
ofsuchassessoror,ifitthinksfit,withouttheaidofanyassessor.
(3) Subject to such rules as the State Government may make in this behalf and subject to such
conditionsastopartialcomplianceortheadoptionoftemporarymeasuresastheappellateauthority
may in any case think fit to impose, the appellate authority may, if it thinks fit, suspend the order
appealedagainstpendingthedecisionoftheappeal.
108.DISPLAYOFNOTICES.
(1)InadditiontothenoticesrequiredtobedisplayedinanyfactorybyorunderthisAct,thereshall
be displayed in every factory a notice containing such abstracts of this Act and of the rules made
thereunder as may be prescribed and also the name and address of the Inspector and the certifying
surgeon.
(2)AllnoticesrequiredbyorunderthisActtobedisplayedinafactoryshallbeinEnglishandina
language understood by the majority of the workers in the factory, and shall be displayed at some
conspicuousandconvenientplaceatornearthemainentrancetothefactory,andshallbemaintained
inacleanandlegiblecondition.
(3)TheChiefInspectormay,byorderinwritingservedonthemanagerofanyfactory,requirethat
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there shall be displayed in the factory any other notice or poster relating to the health, safety or
welfareoftheworkersinthefactory.
109.SERVICEOFNOTICE.
TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprescribingthemanneroftheserviceofordersunderthisAct
onowners,occupiersormanagersoffactories.
110.RETURNS.
TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesrequiringowners,occupiersormanagersoffactoriestosubmit
suchreturns,occasionalorperiodical,asmayinitsopinionberequiredforthepurposesofthisAct.
111.OBLIGATIONSOFWORKERS.
(1)Noworkerinafactory
(a) shall wilfully interfere with or misuse any appliance, convenience or other thing provided in a
factoryforthepurposesofsecuringthehealth,safetyorwelfareoftheworkerstherein
(b)shallwilfullyandwithoutreasonablecausedoanythinglikelytoendangerhimselforothersand
(c)shallwilfullyneglecttomakeuseofanyapplianceorotherthingprovidedinthefactoryforthe
purposesofsecuringthehealthorsafetyoftheworkerstherein.
(2)Ifanyworkeremployedinafactorycontravenesanyoftheprovisionsofthissectionorofany
ruleorordermadethereunder,heshallbepunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextend
tothreemonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonehundredrupees,orwithboth.
111A.RIGHTOFWORKERS,ETC.
1[111A.Rightofworkers,etc.
Everyworkershallhavetherightto
(i)obtainfromtheoccupier,informationrelatingtoworkershealthandsafetyatwork
(ii)gettrainedwithinthefactorywhereverpossible,or,togethimselfsponsoredbytheoccupierfor
gettingtrainedatatrainingcentreorinstitute,dulyapprovedbytheChiefInspector,wheretrainingis
impartedforworkershealthandsafetyatwork
(iii) represent to the Inspector directly or through his representative in the matter of inadequate
provisionforprotectionofhishealthorsafetyinthefactory.
112.GENERALPOWERTOMAKERULES.
TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprovidingforanymatterwhich,underanyoftheprovisionsof
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thisAct,istobeormaybeprescribedorwhichmaybeconsideredexpedientinordertogiveeffectto
thepurposesofthisAct.
comments
Insection112oftheActitislaiddownthattheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesprovidingforany
matterwhich,underanyoftheprovisionsoftheAct,istobeormaybeprescribedorwhichmaybe
considered expedient in order to give effect to the purposes of this Act A.P. Paper Mills Ltd. v.
GovernmentofAndhraPradesh,AIR2000SC3290.
113.POWERSOFCENTRETOGIVEDIRECTIONS.
TheCentralGovernmentmaygivedirectionstoaStateGovernmentastothecarryingintoexecution
oftheprovisionsofthisAct.
114. NO CHARGE
CONVENIENCES.
FOR
FACILITIES
AND
Subjecttotheprovisionsofsection46nofeeorchargeshallberealisedfromanyworkerinrespect
ofanyarrangementsorfacilitiestobeprovided,oranyequipmentsorappliancestobesuppliedbythe
occupierundertheprovisionsofthisAct.
115.PUBLICATIONOFRULES.
1[(1)]AllrulesmadeunderthisActshallbepublishedintheOfficialGazette,andshallbesubjectto
theconditionofpreviouspublicationandthedatetobespecifiedunderclause(3)ofsection23ofthe
General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), shall be not less than 2[fortyfive days] from the date on
whichthedraftoftheproposedruleswaspublished.
3[(2)EveryrulemadebytheStateGovernmentunderthisActshallbelaid,assoonasmaybeafterit
ismade,beforetheStateLegislature.]
1. Section 115 renumbered as subsection (1) thereof by Act 20 of 1987 sec. 42 (w.e.f. 112
1987).
116. APPLICATION
FACTORIES.
OF ACT TO
GOVERNMENT
Unless otherwise provided this Act shall apply to factories belonging to the Central or any State
Government.
117. PROTECTION TO PERSONS ACTING UNDER THIS

ACT.
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No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is in
goodfaithdoneorintendedtobedoneunderthisAct.
118.RESTRICTIONONDISCLOSUREOFINFORMATION.
(1) No Inspector shall, while in service or after leaving the service, disclose otherwise than in
connection with the execution, or for the purposes, of this Act any information relating to any
manufacturingorcommercialbusinessoranyworkingprocesswhichmaycometohisknowledgein
thecourseofhisofficialduties.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall apply to any disclosure of information made with the previous
consent in writing of the owner of such business or process of for the purposes of any legal
proceeding(includingarbitration)pursuanttothisActorofanycriminalproceedingwhichmaybe
taken,whetherpursuanttothisActorotherwise,orforthepurposeofanyreportofsuchproceedings
asaforesaid.
(3) If any Inspector contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) he shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousandrupees,orwithboth.
118A.
RESTRICTION
INFORMATION.
ON
DISCLOSURE
OF
1[118A. Restriction on disclosure of information.(1) Every Inspector shall treat as confidential
thesourceofanycomplaintbroughttohisnoticeonthebreachofanyprovisionofthisAct.
(2)Noinspectorshall,whilemakinganinspectionunderthisAct,disclosetotheoccupier,manager
orhisrepresentativethattheinspectionismadeinpursuanceofthereceiptofacomplaint:Provided
that nothing in this subsection shall apply to any case in which the person who has made the
complainthasconsentedtodisclosehisname.
119. ACT TO HAVE EFFECT NOTWITHSTANDING

ANYTHINGCONTAINEDINACT37OF1970.
1[119.ActtohaveeffectnotwithstandinganythingcontainedinAct37of1970.Theprovisionsof
this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in the Contract
Labour(RegulationandAbolition)Act,19702[oranyotherlawforthetimebeinginforce].]
1.Ins.byAct94of1976,sec.44(w.e.f.26101976).Earliersection119wasrepealedbyAct35
of1950,sec.2andSch.1.
2.Ins.byAct20of1987,sec.44(w.e.f.1121987)
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120.REPEALANDSAVINGS.
The enactments set out in the Table appended to this section are hereby repealed : Provided that
anything done under the said enactments which could have been done under this Act if it had then
beeninforceshallbedeemedtohavebeendoneunderthisAct.
STATEAMENDMENT
HimachalPradesh:
Forsection120,substitutethefollowingsection,namely:
120. Any law in force in Himachal Pradesh relating to Factories other than this Act is hereby
repealed:
ProvidedthatanythingdoneunderanysuchlawwhichcouldhavebeendoneunderthisActifithad
thenbeeninforceshallbedeemedtohavebeendoneunderthisAct.
[VideHimachalPradesh,A.L.O.1948(w.e.f.25121948)].
Table.Enactmentsrepealed.[Rep.bytheRepealingandAmendingAct,1950(35of1950),Sec.
2andSch.I.]
ScheduleI
LISTOFINDUSTRIESINVOLVINGHAZARDOUSPROCESSES.
1THEFIRSTSCHEDULE
[Seesection2(cb)]
1.FerrousmetallurgicalIndustries
IntegratedIronandSteel
Ferroalloys
SpecialSteels
2.NonferrousmetallurgicalIndustries
PrimaryMetallurgicalIndustries,namely,zinc,lead,coppermanganeseandaluminium
3.Foundries(ferrousandnonferrous)
Castingsandforgingsincludingcleaningorsmoothing/rougheningbysandandshotblasting.
4.Coal(includingcoke)industries.Coal,Lignite,Coke,etc.
FuelGases(includingCoalgas,Producergas,Watergas)
5.PowerGeneratingIndustries
6.Pulpandpaper(includingpaperproducts)industries
7.FertiliserIndustries
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Nitrogenous
Phosphatic
Mixed
8.CementIndustries
PortlandCement(includingslagcement,puzzolonacementandtheirproducts)
9.PetroleumIndustries
OilRefining
LubricatingOilsandGreases
10.PetrochemicalIndustries
11.DrugsandPharmaceuticalIndustries
Narcotics,DrugsandPharmaceuticals
12.FermentationIndustries(DistilleriesandBreweries)
13.Rubber(Synthetic)Industries
14.PaintsandPigmentIndustries
15.LeatherTanningIndustries
16.ElectroplatingIndustries
17.ChemicalIndustries
CokeOvenbyproductsandCoaltarDistillationProducts
Industrial Gases (nitrogen, oxygen, acetylene, argon, carbondioxide, hydrogen, sulphurdioxide,
nitrousoxide,halogenatedhydrocarbon,ozoneetc.)
IndustrialCarbon
AlkaliesandAcids
Chromatesanddichromates
Leadsanditscompounds
Electrochemicals (metallic sodium, potassium and magnesium, chlorates, perchlorates and
peroxides)
Electrothermalproduces(artificialabrasive,calciumcarbide)
Nitrogenouscompounds(cyanides,cyanamidesandothernitrogenouscompounds)
Phosphorousanditscompounds
HalogensandHalogenatedcompounds(Chlorine,Fluorine,BromineandIodine)
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Explosives(includingindustrialexplosivesanddetonatorsandfuses)
18.Insecticides,Fungicides,herbicidesandotherPesticidesIndustries
19.SyntheticResinandPlastics
20.ManmadeFibre(Cellulosicandnoncellulosic)Industry
21.Manufactureandrepairofelectricalaccumulators
22.GlassandCeramics
23.Grindingorglazingofmetals
24.Manufacture,handlingandprocessingofasbestosanditsproducts
25.Extractionofoilsandfatsfromvegetableandanimalsources
26.Manufacture,handlinganduseofbenzeneandsubstancescontainingbenzene
27.Manufacturingprocessesandoperationsinvolvingcarbondisulphide
28.DyesandDyestuffincludingtheirintermediates
29.Highlyflammableliquidsandgases.
Schedule.II
1Schedule.II
[Seesection41F]
PERMISSIBLELEVELSOFCERTAINCHEMICALSUBSTANCESINWORKENVIRONMENT
Sl.
Substance
No.
r
a
1
1
2
3
4
a
2
Acetaldehyde
AceticAcid
Acetone
Acrolein
Acrylonitrileskin
(S.C)
Aldrinskin
5
6
Permissiblelimitsofexposure
Time
Weighted
average
concentration
(TWA)
PPm
3
100
10
750
01
Shortterm
exposure
(TWA)
(STEL)
limit
(15
min.)
mg/m3
4
180
25
1780
0.25
PPm
5
150
15
1000
0.3
mg/m3
6
270
37
2375
0.8
4.5
0.25
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7
8
9
AllylChloride
1
Ammonia
0.25
Anilineskin
2
Anisidine
10
0.1
(O.P.isomers)skin
Arsenic & Soluble
11
compounds(asAs)
212 Benzene(H.C)
05
Beryllium
&
13 Compounds (as Be)
(S.C)
14 BorontrifluorideC 1
15 Bromine
0.1
16 Butane
800
2Butanone (Methyle
17
200
ethyleKetoneMEK)
18 NButylacetate
150
NButylalcoholskin
19
50
C
20 Sce/tert,Butylacetate 200
21 ButylMercaptan
0.5
Cadmiumdust and
22
salts(asCd)
23 Calciumoxide
24 Carbaryl(Sevin)
25 Carbofuran(Furadan)
Carbon disulphide
26
10
skin
27 Carbonmonoxide
50
Carbon tetrachloride
28
m5
skin(S.C.)
29 Chlordaneskin
30 Chlorine
1
Chlorobenzene
31
75
(monochlorobenzene)
32 Chloroform(S.C.)
10
bis(Chloromethyl)
33
0.001
ether(H.C.)
Chromic acid and
34 chromates (as Cr)
(Watersoluble)
Chromous Salts (as
35
Cr)
36 Copperfume
0.2
37 Cottondust,raw
Cresoal, all isomers

38
5
skin
Cyanides (as Cn)
39
skin
40 Cyanogen
10
FactoriesAct1948
3
18
10
2
35
6
27
0.5
0.2
1.5
25
7.5
0.002
3
0.7
1900
0.3
590
300
885
710
200
950
150
950
1.5
0.05
0.21
2
5
0.1
0.10
30
55
400
440
30
0.5
3
2
9
350
50
0.005
0.05
0.5
0.2
0.06
22
20
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41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
a
FactoriesAct1948
DDT
(Dichlorodiphenyl
Trichloroethane)
Demetonskin
0.01
Diazinonskin
DibutylPhythalate
Dichlorous (DDVP)
.1
skin
Dieldrinskin
Dinitrobenzene (all
0.15
isomers)skin
Dinitrotolueneskin
Diphenyl(Biphenyl) 0.2
Endosulfan
(Thiodan)skin
Endrinskin
Ethylacetate
400
Ethylalcohol
1000
Ethylamin
10
Fluorides(asF)
Fluorine
1
Formaldehyde(S.C.) 1.0
FormicAcid
5
Gasoline
300
Hydrazineskin(S.C.) 0.1
HydrogenChlorideC 5
Hydrogen Cyanide
10
skinC
Hydrogen Fluoride
3
(asF)C
HydrogenPeroxide 1
HydrogenSulphide 10
IodineC
0.1
Iron Oxide Fume
(F0203)(asFe)
Isoamylacetate
100
Isoamylalcohol
100
Isobutylalcohol
50
Lead, inorg, dusts,
dusts and fumes (as
Pb)
Lindaneskin
Malathionskin
Manganese dust and

compounds(as(Mn)
C
Manganese Fume (as
Mn)
Mercury(asHg)skin a
(i)Alkylecompounds
0.1
0.1
5
0.3
10
.3
0.25
.75
.5
.3
1.5
1.5
.5
0.1
.4
0.1
1400
1900
18
2.5
2
1.5
9
900
0.1
7
2
2
500
.3
4
3
1500
10
2.5
1.5
14
1
15
21
525
360
150
125
450
0.15
0.5
10
a
0.01
a
0.03
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a
a
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
FactoriesAct1948
(ii) All forms except
alkylevapour
(iii)
Aryle
and
inorganiccompounds
Methyl
alcohol
200
(Methanol)skin
Methylcellosolve(2
5
methoxyethanol)skin
Methyl
isobutyl
50
Ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
0.02
skin
Naphthalene
10
Nickel carbonyl (as
0.05
Ni)
Nitricacid
2
NitricOxide
25
Nitrobenzeneskin
1
Nitrogendioxide
3
Oilmistmineral
Ozone
0.1
Parathionskin
Phenolskin
5
Phorate
(Thimet)
skin
Phosgene (Carbonyl
0.1
Chloride)
Phosphine
0.3
Phosphoricacid
Phosphorus(yellow)
Phosphorus penta
0.1
chloride
Phosphorus
0.2
trichloride
Picricacidskin
Pyridine
5
Silans
(silicon
5
tetrahydride)
SodiumhydroxideC
Styrene, monomer
50
(phanylethlene)
Sulphurdioxide
2
Sulphurhexafluoride 1000
Sulphuricacid
Tetraethyl lead (as
Pb)Skin
Toluene(Toluol)
100
OToluidineskin
2
(S.C.)
Tributylphosohate
0.2
0.05
0.1
260
250
310
16
205
75
300
0.05
50
15
75
0.35
5
30
5
6
5
0.2
0.1
19
0.3
10
10
10
0.6
0.05
0.2
0.4
0.4
1
0.1
1
3
1.5
0.5
0.1
15
0.3
215
100
425
5
6000
1
10
0.1
375
150
560
2.5
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110 Trichloroethylene
50
Uranium natural (as
111
U)
Vinyl
Chloride
112
5
(H.C.)
113 Weldingfumes
Xylene
(OmP
114
100
isomers)
115 Zincoxide
d
f
(i)Fume
d
(ii)Dust(Totaldust)
Zirconium
116
compounds(asZr)
FactoriesAct1948
270
200
1080
0.2
0.6
10
435
150
655
a
5.0
10.00
a
10
10
1.Subs.byS.O.170(E),dated2ndMarch,1989.
2.Subs.byS.O.342(E),dated19thApril,2001(w.e.f.1942001).
*Lintfreedustasmeasuredbytheverticalclutricatorcottondustsampler.
ScheduleIII
LISTOFNOTIFIABLEDISEASES
3ScheduleIII
[Seesections89and90]
1.Leadpoisoning,includingpoisoningbyanypreparationorcompoundofleadortheirsequelae.
2.Leadtetraethylpoisoning
3.Phosphoruspoisoningoritssequelae.
4.Mercurypoisoningoritssequelae.
5.Manganesepoisoningoritssequelae.
6.Arsenicpoisoningoritssequelae.
7.Poisoningbynitrousfumes.
8.Carbondisulphidepoisoning.
9.Benzenepoisoning,includingpoisoningbyanyofitshomologues,theirnitrooramidoderivatives
oritssequelae.
10.Chromeulcerationoritssequelae.
11.Anthrax.
12.Silicosis.
13.Poisoningbyhalogensorhalogenderivativesofthehydrocarbonsofthealiphaticseries.
14.Pathologicalmanifestationsdueto
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FactoriesAct1948
(a)radiumorotherradioactivesubstances.
(b)Xrays.
15.Primaryepitheliomatouscancerofskin.
16.Toxicanaemia.
17.Toxicjaundiceduetopoisonoussubstances.
218.Oilacneordermatitisduetomineraloilsandcompoundscontainingmineraloilbase.
19.Byssionosis.
20.Asbestosis.
21.Occupationalorcontractdermatitiscausedbydirectcontractwithchemicalsandpaints.Theseare
oftwotypes,thatisprimaryirritantsandallergicsensitizers.
22.Noiseinducedhearingloss(exposuretohighnoiselevels).
323.Beriylliumpoisoning.
424.Carbonmonoxide
25.Coalminerspnoumoconiosis.
26.Phosgenepoisoning.
27.Occupationalcancer.
28.Isocyanatespoisoning.
29.Toxicnephirits.
1.TheexistingSchedulerenumberedastheThirdSchedule(w.e.f.26101976)byAct20of
1987,sec.46(w.e.f.1121987).
4.Subs.byS.O.343(E),dated19thApril,2001(w.e.f.1942001).
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4. POWER TO DECLARE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS

6. APPROVAL, LICENSING AND REGISTRATION OF

7B. GENERAL DUTIES OF MANUFACTURERS, ETC., AS

24. STRIKING GEAR AND DEVICES FOR CUTTING OFF

27. PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND

29. LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND LIFTING

36. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES,

36A. PRECAUTIONS REGARDING

39. POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATIONS

41 POWER TO MAKE RULE TO SUPPLEMENT THIS

*41A.ConstitutionofSiteAppraisalCommittees.(1) The State Government may, for purposes

41C. SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OCCUPIER IN

41F. PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF EXPOSURE

50. POWER TO MAKE RULES TO SUPPLEMENT THIS

63. HOURS OF WORK TO CORRESPOND WITH NOTICE

Explanation.Quarter means a period of three consecutive months beginning on the 1st of

66. FURTHER RESTRICTIONS ON EMPLOYMENT OF

67. PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG

74. HOURS OF WORK TO CORRESPOND WITH NOTICE

77. CERTAIN OTHER PROVISIONS OF LAW NOT

85. POWER TO APPLY THE ACT TO CERTAIN

87A. POWER TO PROHIBIT EMPLOYMENT

90. POWER TO DIRECT ENQUIRY INTO CASES OF

91A. SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEYS.

93. LIABILITY OF OWNER OF PREMISES IN CERTAIN

1. Section 94 renumbered as subsection (1) thereof by Act 94 of 1976, sec. 41 (w.e.f.2610

96. PENALTY FOR WRONGFULLY DISCLOSING

96A. PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF THE

98. PENALTY FOR USING FALSE CERTIFICATE OF

101. EXEMPTION OF OCCUPIER OR MANAGER FROM

104A. ONUS OF PROVING LIMITS OF WHAT IS

117. PROTECTION TO PERSONS ACTING UNDER THIS

1[118A. Restriction on disclosure of information.(1) Every Inspector shall treat as confidential

119. ACT TO HAVE EFFECT NOTWITHSTANDING

Cresoal, all isomers

Manganese dust and

(ii) All forms except

Tetraethyl lead (as

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