Topic Specific Ks Calum

Mathesson

Importance
o Topic specific ks more important than in a while
Surveillance is a central topic
Lot of justification for philosophy is about surveillance not just applies
The disadvantages are great you will want kritiks
o A general understanding is necessary to interpret your opponents arguments

Surveillance in Literature

History
o Plato says the basic idea we understand reality can be in visual terms
Allegory of the cave no real world out of the cave can see shadow
Our experience is a product of the seeing shadows cast by the real world
Shadows on the wall and light
Visual Reality was important
Vision is the most important
Ambiguity: They can see shadows, but theyre only
shadows
Sight isnt enough understanding doesnt happen
o Idea of Sight Western Philosophy

Foucault

Foucault said how power operates in society talked about prison called
Panoptica
Jeremy Benthem whats good is the greatest good for the most
people Utilitarianism
Panoptican A tower with a ring the prisoners couldnt see
people that saw them, but they couldnt see the people that were
seeing them
o Prisoners started regulating their behavior based on
paranoia or personal thought
Important for surveillance Its a metaphor of how society uses
surveillance to watch and control their population
People internalize surveillance and it becomes our identity --- we change
who we are based on who is looking at us
Its not just the government that does surveillance it used to be that
states had the most power in a repressive violent way
Hamurabi rules eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth
Exercise of power was a repressive violent thing
Foucault The Panoptic society became less and less important state
could make order by making people regulate themselves
Eventually you would conform with the behavior you have
The same way people conform with law because they are afraid of
being watched, they conform with social norms
Sovereign power Disciplinary Power
Sovereign The exercise of repressive violence
Disciplinary they comply with social norms and governmental
laws because they are scared they are being watched
Order is about a society as a whole --- not just people themselves
Order operates on the scale of population not on the individual. State
power becomes the power to regulate the health of a whole population
the idea of law.
The reason law is maintained to have a healthy society and eliminate
the bad parts
Who are the bad parts?
Power can work in an insidious ways and races can be defined as
threats
Change of power is bipower the power to make live in a particular
way
Branch of Academic Studies surveillance studies

Surveillance Studies

Has a lot of different influences

Majority of the influence is by Foucault and David Leon
Interesting way that surveillance is used to enforce rules and norms
Influence by Foucault and sociologists is a way to understand how everything works
together
Research
o Surveillance studies people are a good place to start
o Surveillance and Society someone that writes here, probably has written
elsewhere on this topic
o David Leon
Way to think about the topic
o A conflict between privacy and security
Liberty or Freedom instead of Privacy
o The NSA is to fight terrorism by collecting metadata, but it infringes on innocent
American citizens
o Its the violation of liberty ok in exchange for the associated security?
Whether surveillance overall as a philosophical concept is worth the cost
of the violence of liberty and whether it protects people at all

Heidegger
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Old crusty German dude

The question of being
Thought that the Greeks were fundamentally concerned of who we are, what the
world is
We see shadows, but who casts those shadows
Focus on being has been eclipsed over time by focus on metaphysics
Ontology is being and thinking about being --- Metaphysics is what is beyond the
physical:
Theology
Ethics
The metaphysical thinking pushed out the question of who we are and what our
being is
Important for surveillance b/c he thought that in surveying ourselves we reduced
the world into visual units that we could think of in an abstracted manner.
We live in a world where technology can render images of the world earth pictures
We understand the world through technology appears as an
object rendered into pieces that dont have a being
We started to mistake the shadows as the world
The shadows as exposable and tradable units lets us do all kinds of bad things
Country attacking another - A unit on a map attacking another unit on the map
Doestersian the enormous
Huge unperceived world that exists behind photos
Technology can give us sense of this world theres a whole reality we
havent captured
The idea was in infancy the tech for us now is much more powerful the age of
the world picture has come to be
Age of the world picture defines the surveillance state
We dont just understand the world in abstracted terms-our technology
has combined with academic specialties
The world is a set of targets
Combined with military power, our global vision, and imperial
goals, we have turned the world into a target
o Knowledge of the world is instant tech mediated
knowledge we dont really know places the
United States wants to destroy
o Difference between domestic and foreign surveillance is
creating an arbitrary split to make a distinction between
us and them the logic of targeting transcends into
borders

Neoliberalism
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Add on to Foucault where society is organized

Society is organized according to class lines
There is antagonism between workers and bosses, richer and poorer, - they define
history overtime
Neoliberalism is capitalism with bio power
The way that corporations can be defined a people
Its on us to live our lives in a way that fits into neoliberalism
Society isnt for individuals, individuals are for society
Instead of entitlement, you receive the opportunity to receive something
Neoliberalism is maintained by constant surveillance good workers are
achieved by surveillance
Photographing
Making workers work like mechanical systems, rather than normal
human movements that isnt as efficient as the mechanical systems
Tailorism changing people into machines
Efficiency is beyond injust neoliberalism
The world is mostly neoliberal

Debate

^^Kritiks of surveillance
o About how the world constructs surveillance and people
o The common theme is that there is some logic or orde than produces surveillance
the way it is right now
It is the symptom of an underlying problem
K the focus of surveillance on itself we arent really changing the
underlying problems. Making them effective instant
People would be more willing to accept more surveillance if we get rid of a
little bit
Ellul specific tech shouldnt be the focus of intervention as much as the
reason they are there
Too much about evaluating individual technologies rather than
calculating control in our society
Think about the technique in developing technologies the idea of
orderly, mechanical production
The Technological Society Predicted things like the decline of
the welfare state
o Individuals would have to take care of them selves
o Military operations will become more efficient
o Getting rid of some technology, it would make it more
efficient
o Curtaling might be rationalizing ___
Langdon Winnder The whale and the reactor about the way tech is
designed
Payin attention to tech and why its bad doesnt matter
Doesnt matter how tech is used
The society where build technology is the actual bad
If we dont like one thing then we treat technology neutrally
K one tech doesnt work you have to k all technology
Biometeics using tech to identify your body
Retinal Scan if you fail, then they search you extensively
If a tech fails the government takes more interest in you
The tech works easier on white people than non-whites with darker eyes
Tech has racial inequity in its design there isnt a conspiracy, but
the designers were white who tested it
o Science is white
o Institutional racism
We take account of societal problems first
Getting rid of biometric scanners wont help at all. Taking out all
technology is what we have to do.

Psychoanalysis
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The Gaze is an important concept whereas others are rather concentrated in

social organization and order
Just as interested in material conditions but they are a part of society
Sigmund Freud One of the first people to say that the human subject isnt one
psychological being but overlapping layer
Psychology as a product of big social orders and civilization
Individuals dont actually matter to study psychology
Present day is egopsychology study other people under the assumption
that were understand psychology ourselves
Those are the product of bigger social forces
Instead of psychology, we should understand psychoanalysis its
all about social forces
The unconscious is the set of social forces that determine who you are and how
you think with you unaware of them
The way you understand yourself is the product of internalizing societal values
In psychoanalysis the very beginning of human being has to do with
vision
Java Khan argued to understand language, you have to understand how
When a baby is born, its just a little thin with desires
Doesnt understand a separation between it and its mother
Babies are bastards
A babys identity is the product of sight --- they dont have an identity
If the baby sees the image of its self, it will identify the image, and think of
itself as that image
We dont have an identity until we see ourselves, and from then on we
differentiate between us and the rest of the world
Other people dont actually understand the you
There is no you except for the you that interacts in society
Pleasure in looking at stuff with the identity
Jean Paul Sartre Being in Nothingness
The self is defined by looking, bit with one important difference, he talks
about looking through a keyhole
Watching people he doesnt that dont know he is watching them
The view is the only being the only self
The self dissolves when we look at others
o You panic when someone else is watching you
Self-conscious
You are conscious of yourself
A product of being watched by other people
When you cant see those who arent
watching you
Being surveilled by others and surveilling others creates an internal
pleasures and creates your identity as a whole
A person wearing a mask is looking at you you get freaked out, you cant
see them but they can see you --- the question: what do they want
There is also a pleasure in being watched by others

Exismus is saying you dont want something when you actually want
something
Dont look at me! **Look at me and see how awesome I am**
Debate - You can make the argument that the aff is exismus
We like some but not too much surveillance
You can respect them from a distance but the more you know, the less
respect you have
We misunderstand the mechanism of the government it doesnt lie to
you when speaking the truth
New cynicism
Cynical isnt that the government is lying to you and you know its
lying to you but you pretend its telling the truth
o Act of internal resistance that distances the self
from them you feel you are rebelling with the
system while actually compelling with it
completely
Crips instead of saying the government is lying, comply with the
laws so zealously that we expose the lie at the heart of it
Continuously text the NSA hard for them to separate the data

Legal Kritiks Josh Clark

Government

Power: The ability to make others do what you want

Authority: The source of power
Legitimacy: Whether or not that authority is generally accepted
People rebel
Power and legitimacy makes a government legitimate
Theories of Legitimacies
o Makes me right
o Come at me bro
o Divine right authority from god
o Inheritance
o Social contract
Hobbes Theory of Social Contract
o Life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
o To preserve themselves, people enter into a bargain, or contract, with the
government
o They give up all rights, and government promises to protect them
Lockes Theory
o Everyone has a natural right to life, liberty, and property
o These rights cannot be given up
o Citizens enter into a social contract with government. As long as government is
protecting life, liberty, and property, it is legitimate and must be obeyed
o Deriving their just power from the consent of the governed
What is the law? - The system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes
as regulating the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties
When we criticize the law, we criticize its legitimacy there are aspects of gov policy that
are being enacted, that violate our social contract
We want to accept a lock of consent of the governed
Legal system The full interconnected system of the judicial, regulatory and
governmental authorities who together administer and enforce the laws of the United
States, operate the judicial system. And resolve
What is lawfare? Shipping of law and warfare
Tries to legalize different forms of violating the social contract
The basis for a lot of the ks is the add is going to go into the direction as some of the
literature, saying what the government is doing bad what ks focus on are the small
changes in governmental agency
o Government is doing things it shouldnt exist in the first place
o Codifying it makes it seem legit
o Lawfare where they shouldnt be used but they are part of the legal culture
Legalism excessive adherence to law or formula
laws should be contingent and based on situational responses
Governmentality idea of Foucault when it comes to power Foucault says the knowledge
and power are synonymous when one increases so does the other
Governments try to produce the citizen best fitted to those policies
If they know everything about you they have the ability to control you

Critical legal studies is a theory that challenges and overturns accepted norms and
standards in legal theory and practice. Proponents of this theory believe that logic and
structure attributed to the law grow out of the power relationships of the socrity.
Criticize the law to upset the power relations
Normativity
o Critique of normative legal thought
o When legal scholar, advocates and activists take a position on what the law ought
to be, how it should be interpreted etc.
o Ignorance
o Self-Satisfaction
o Preservation
o Predicated on Source of power
o Its force rather than S.C. Legal Consitancy
o What should we do? Interp
o Is the necessity on the law, precedent and consistency , its trying to preserve
power structures
Critical Race Theory
o Application of critical theory a critical examination of society and cultue, to the
intersection of race, law, and power
o K of Liberalism - Colorblindness, Revolt
o Storytelling Application to legal system
o K of civil rights Derek Bell
o White Privilege
o Intersectionality
o You need policies that reverse historical racist policies
Feminist Legal Studies/Jurisprudence
o Philosophy of law based on the political, economic, and social equality of the
genders
o Liberal feminism Rights based approach
o Sexual Difference law must take into account various difference
Dominance Model Legal system mechanism for male dominance. Sexuality is socially
constructed by male dominance
Anti-essentialist explore the ways in which race, cast, special orientation, and other
axes, of subordination interplay with gender

Framework Mimi SergentLeventhal

2NC should do framework 1NR doesnt have enough time to take it

2NC
o 1 card is a case card
o Everything else is analytics
Benefits
o Aff controls ethos and pathos
o You can match it and have your own and your judge will be likely to vote for you
o Increases the depth of the argument
o Less about small arguments
Drawbacks
o Need lots of framework early
o Sufficient 1NC card necessary
o Be prepared if not you will pathetically fail
o Now is the time to change how you go about framework
o Battle few debates in the 2NC at camp ---best time for practice
o Any questions? NO
Block Writing
o Paragraph form
o In depth and explain thinking
o Try it out to think through the format and how you want to write framework
o Bring it away from jargon
o Be able to explain it to a dumbass
o Use subpointing
o Front your offense
1NC
o Depends on what you plan on going for
o Need a card about specific to the aff
o The type os problems with the aff indentifices are specific to the topic
o Get a topic specific education standard and
o Never seen aff team win framework on definition of the USFG
o Purpose of defs is for establishing a lose predicatbiliity plan
o They wont be super predictable
o Any questions? WHAT THE HECK DID YOU SAY
Arguments
o Changing the goal of the competition can change what happens
o Well do stupid stuff to win
o The point of fw is that both sides are debating what makes it as good as possible
o Debate would form competitive incentives to turn the people in it into their best
versions
Better research
Read cards the whole time

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Specific and narrow resolution

Only evidence you cut yourself
Advocacy Skills
Defend a case you dont believe in
Non-professional judges
Both talk about problems in the beginning, then explain why their
problems are worse than the other persons person with worst
problems
Whoever has the most emotion/pathos
Critical Thinking
Compassion
Self-confidence
Self-Relaxivity
Decision making
Informed
No cards out of your head
Less limited
Recent updates
Information Processing
Life balance/social skills
Public Speaking
Citizenship
Legal definitions
How do you balance debat to include the most important ones
Which teams have the best version of debate?
Most educational might be reading non-fiction summaries not worth the time,
money, etc.
Debate is unique to:
Info processing
Advocacy
Creativity harder one
Decision making
Public speaking important but inevitable
Policy Making Education
Research
Allows to read deep and learn more
Better debate
Reflexivity
Use those for impacts in framework
How would be design debate around these: Internal Links
Prepared opponents
Procedural Fairness important to incentivize both sides to make them
do the best possible
It isnt possible
o Structural issues that prevent participation in debate
Stasis point stand still, place where we know what is going to happen
Stand still point

Ability to determine what the opposing team will do in debet

What makes it unique
o Resolution
Force people to take multiple positions
Equitable ground
Talk about Policies
Potential options
o Ethical concerns

o Operational concerns
Support how external actors react
Debatability
i.e. racism is bad
surveillance invades privacy what can the neg say nothing
Based in lit --- challenge beliefs
o Which of the things least touched you
Doesnt help with social skills and compassion
No help for self-reflection
o How to deal with it
Say there is a way to topically access their advantages
Maximum issues that our kind of debate cant solve
So impact calc
Why decision making is better
The impact affects the world and we access it meaning life is
awesome because life is awesome
Less people learning something
Learn what makes debate inaccessible through decision making
Impacts
o Circumvention debate proves right and wrong what we have to be able to
understand the debate surrounding, Depending on if changing the gov is
important. We need the in depth policy education debate provides.
o Organizational skills
Aff
o You have plenty of ground countermethodologies etc.
Make a generics good, neg generics good b/c aff acts different every time
o Movements k2 changes
How does the aff cause movements
All the ballots represents only whether or not someone could have done
better debating
You dont solve, we solve
T version solves
Causes judges to make emotional decisions and that is all bad for
o Accessibility
Debate is not accessible because of k affs
Best aff arguments
Small schools not well developed not as much research
Policy is privileged presumes neutrality

Maybe get rid of speech times or forcing aff and neg

Allow people who cant speak English to debate
Hard to quantify how much inaccessibility there is
Our form of debate is the middle ground
C/I affirm the topic passive voice and only your aff is key, discussion of the
topic and direction of the topic
No limit
Resolution direction is a new framework
Defend policy ability
Topics are broad w
Distancing arguments/policymaking bad
Get a link
Role playing bad because you express your opinion about a referee doesnt
mean you believe that you are the referee
Something we o to criticize the government
Not distancing
Aff is always being asked to criticize the government
The dogmatism unwilling to accept a position contrary to ones own
Dogmatist arguments are horrible
Dont opponents args seriously
SSD debate forces to take seriously
o SSD if the topic is debateable and if there is difficult
compelling literature
Predictability outweighs
Perm/policy all around us
You can have policy in other round
K and policy debate = perm
Serves no limiting function
Bad model
Infair to read an add that doesnt link to anything and wins on
perm
Words dont mean stuff
Words have no meaning but all of us have agreed that they do mean
something
Neg: defs our opinion and authors dont
Psychological violence
Particular instance of accessibility about how imagining governmental
change is psych violence. People shouldnt ask the government to change
if its screwed them over.
Productivity bad
We dont want to get stuff out of debate
But why do we do it then?
How ends of debate are differentiated so it is hard to justify what they
wont say
Predictability bad solves dem making
Not real world where we dont know anything
Debate is a middle ground so predictability isnt the best

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New affs are constrained by the topic so neg gets generic

Getting coopted arg no one is going to coopt..
Fairness is racist/sexist
Procedural fairness is racist and sexist
Ev based comparison
Read cards that procedural fairness good
Ethics are prereq/content
Scholarship alone o/w-turns your decisions
Role of the ballot
Sequencing inclusion first
Their type of scholarship must be included before we get benefits
What is the point when the vast amount of people arent able to access?
No perfection
You dont solve what we do
Reasonability
Doesnt teach accurate skills bad model
Macropolitics not relevant
They dont access the impacts. Framing in the 2NC they dont access this
argument we access these arguments, decision making skills help.
Framework debate good neg generics b/c aff acts diff every time
Negative always have reactive ground bad model
Aff also get the perm making it hard
Neg therefore must be able to have stable ground
You dont solve, but we solve arguments are effective
Framing: debate is a proves not a product
Not about 1 specific in debate about what instance on help improve debaters
themselves
Many arguments arent debated by the name of the argument