Process of the Perception of Visual Images

First of all, there would not be any perception if the brain does not
receive these perceived images. Here shows the (1) visual pathway to the
brain and the (2) visual processing part as explained by Marieb.

Figure 1: Visual pathway to the brain and visual fields, inferior view.
The axons of the retinal ganglion cells exit the ocular perceiver in the
optic nerves. At the X-shaped optic chiasma, fibers from the medial aspect of
each ocular perceiver cross over to the antithesis side and then perpetuate
on via the optic tracts. As a result, each optic tract:
Contains fibers from the lateral (temporal) aspect of the ocular
perceiver on the same side and fibers from the medial (nasal) aspect of the
antithesis ocular perceiver
Carries all the information from the same a moiety of the visual field
Due to the fact that the lens system of each ocular perceiver reverses
all images, the medial half of each retina receives light rays from the
temporal (lateral most) part of the visual field (that is, from the far left or far
right rather than from straight ahead), and the lateral half of each retina
receives an image of the nasal (central) part of the visual field.
Consequently, the left optic tract carries and sends on a consummate
representation of the right a moiety of the visual field, and the antithesis is
true for the right optic tract.
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly around the hypothalamus and
send most of their axons to synapse with neurons in the lateral geniculate

nuclei (contained within the lateral geniculate bodies) of the thalamus. The
lateral geniculate nuclei maintain the fiber disseverment established at the
chiasma, but they balance and cumulate the retinal input for distribution to
the visual cortex. Axons of these thalamic neurons project through the
internal capsule to compose the optic radiation of fibers in the cerebral white
matter. These fibers project to the primary visual cortex in the occipital
lobes, where conscious perception of visual images (visually perceiving)
occurs.
Some nerve fibers in the optic tracts send branches to the midbrain.
One set of these fibers ends in the superior colliculi, visual reflex centers
controlling the extrinsic muscles of the ocular perceivers. Another set
emanates from a minute subset of ganglion cells in the retina that contain
the visual pigment melanopsin, dubbed the circadian pigment. These
ganglion cells respond directly to light stimuli and their fibers project to the
pretectal nuclei, which mediate pupillary light reflexes, and to the
suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which functions as the
timer to set our quotidian biorhythms.
The ability to explain the surrounding environment by processing
information that is contained in visible light is called visual perception. This
subsequent perception is also called eyesight, sight, or vision. Now how do
people turn the information received by the rods and cones into vision?
According to Marieb, visual processing commences in the retina.
Retinal cells simplify and condense the information from rods and cones,
splitting it into a number of different channels, each with its own type of
ganglion cell. These channels include information about color and
effulgence, but additionally about more involute aspects of what we seethe
angle, direction and speed of kineticism of edges (sudden vicissitudes in
effulgence or color). Extracting information about edges depends on a type
of processing called lateral inhibition, a kind of contrast enhancement, which
is the job of the amacrine and horizontal cells. The ganglion cells pass the
processed information to the lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus. There,
the retinal axons from each visual field of the two ocular perceivers are
cumulated in preparation for depth perception, input from cones is
accentuated, and contrast is further sharpened.
The primary visual cortex, withal called the striate cortex, receives the
thick bundle of fibers coming in from the lateral geniculate nucleus. This area
contains a precise topographical map of the retina, with the left visual cortex
receiving input from the right visual field and vice versa. Visual processing
here occurs at a relatively rudimental level, with the processing neurons
responding to dark and effulgent edges (contrast information) and object
orientation. The striate cortex withal provides form, color, and kineticism
inputs to visual sodality areas collectively called the prestriate cortices. The

more anterior prestriate cortices are occipital lobe centers that perpetuate
processing visual information concerned with form, color, and kineticism.
Functional neuroimaging of humans has revealed that intricate visual
processing elongates well forward into the temporal, parietal, and frontal
lobes via two parallel streams:
1. The what processing stream elongates through the ventral part of
the temporal lobe and specializes in identifying objects in the visual
field.
2. The where processing stream takes a dorsal path through the
parietal cortex all the way to the postcentral gyrus and uses
information from the primary visual cortex to assess the location of
objects in space.
Output from both these regions then passes to the frontal cortex,
which utilizes that information to direct activities that, among other things,
can guide forms of kineticism such as reaching for a succulent peach.