KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA

KEMAMAN TERENGGANU

LABORATORY REPORT
DPV 1012 CHEMISTRY

NAME: MOHD MUNAWWIR B. MOHD YUSMAN

I/D NO: 971228-10-7157
MATRIX NO: 333691207536
PROGRAM/CLASS: DLS 1B

OBJECTIVE
-To identify saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using properties and reactions.

PROCEDURE
1.Dry the filter disk in the oven at 103C to 105C for 1 hour,cool in a desiccators and weigh.
2.Assemble filtering apparatus and filter and begin suction.Wet the filter with a small volume
of distilled water to seat it.
3.Pipette 50 mL of water sample (mixed to ensure homogeneity) onto centre of filter disk in a
Buchner flask, using gentle suction (under vacuum).
4.Wash filter with three successive 10 mL volumes of distrille water, allowing complete
drainage between washing, and continue suction for about 3 min after filteration is complete.
5.Carefully remove filter from filteration apparatus and transfer to aluminium weighing
dish/crucible dish as a support.
6.Dry at least 1 hour at 103C to 105C in an oven, cool in a dessicator to balance
temperature, and weigh.
7.Repeat the cycle of drying, cooling, dessicating, and weighing until a constant weight is
obtained.

RESULT

Sample
(different
sources)
Plain water

Weight of filter,
mg

Net weight, mg

TSS, mg/L

776.3

Weight of filter +
dried residue,
mg
778.1

1.8

36

Pond water

771.2

875.0

103.8

2076

Drain water

771.5

779.8

8.3

166

Plain water

Drain water

Pond water

DISCUSSION
1) Calculate the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the water and wastewater
samples using the following equation:

Mg TSS/L = (A-B)1000
Sample volume, Ml
where;
A=weight of filter+dried residue,mg
B=weight of filter

2) What are the impacts of TSS on water and wastewater quality?

As levels of TSS increase, a water body begins to lose its ability to support
a diversity of aquatic life. Suspended solids absorb heat from sunlight, which
increases water temperature and subsequently decreases levels of dissolved
oxygen. Photosynthesis also decreases, since less light penetrates the water.
As less oxygen is produced by plants and algae, there is a further drop in
dissolved oxygen levels.
TSS can also destroy fish habitat because suspended solids settle to the
bottom and can eventually blanket the river bed Suspended solids can also
harm fish directly by clogging gills, reducing growth rates, and lowering
resistance to disease. Changes to the aquatic environment may result in a
diminished food sources, and increased difficulties in finding food.

3) Indicate the possible source of TSS.

High Flow Rates

The flow rate of the water body is a primary factor in TSS concentrations. Fast
running water can carry more particles and larger-sized sediment. Heavy rains can
pick up sand, silt, clay, and organic particles (such as leaves, soil, tire particles) from
the land and carry it to surface water. A change in flow rate can also affect TSS; if the
speed or direction of the water current increases, particulate matter from bottom
sediments may be resuspended.

Soil Erosion
Soil erosion is caused by disturbance of a land surface. Soil erosion can be
caused by Building and Road Construction, Forest Fires,
Logging, and Mining. The eroded soil particles can be carried by
stormwater to surface water. This will increase the TSS of the water body.

CONCLUSION :The more solid suspended substance in water the

lower the waste water quality