PRE-SPAIN

CHEMISTRY 4 (WCH04)
TUTORIAL 3 EQUILIBRIA
1. State two characteristics of a system in equilibrium.
2. For each of the following systems, sketch graphs that show the change in
concentration against for the reactants A, P and X and the products C, R and Z.

System I: A + B

System II: P + Q

(Only a small amount of Q reacted in this reaction.)

System III: X + Y

(A large quantity of Z was produced in this reaction.)

3. The dissociation of sulfur trioxide to form sulfur dioxide and oxygen is a
reversible process. The figure below shows the composition of an equilibrium
mixture containing SO2 and SO3. Sketch a graph on the figure to show the
variation in the concentration of oxygen as the reaction proceeds until
equilibrium is established. Explain your reasoning.

4.

Consider the following reaction between A and B

to give C.
A(g) + B(g)

2C(g)

If 5 moles of A are allowed to mix and react with 3 moles of B in a 1.00 dm 3

container, 2 moles of C are produced at equilibrium. What is the value of K c for
this reaction?
5. An equilibrium mixture contains 2.00 moles of bromine, 1.25 moles of hydrogen
and 0.50 mole of hydrogen bromide in a 4.0 dm 3 container. Calculate Kc for the
reaction
H2(g) + Br2(g)

2HBr(g)

6. When a mixture of 60 g of ethanoic acid and 69 g of ethanol is heated in the

presence of an acid catalyst until equilibrium is achieved, 78% of the ethanoic
acid is converted to ester. Calculate Kc for the reaction
CH3COOH (l) + C2H5OH (l)

CH3COOC2H5 (l) + H2O (l)

7. What is the relationship between K 1 and K2 in each of the following pairs of

reactions? K1 and K2 are equilibrium constants.
K2
a) N2 (g) + 3H

(g) 2NH3 (g)

N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g)

K
2

b) H2 (g) + I2 (g)
K
2HI (g)

NH3 (g)

2HI (g)

H2 (g) + I2 (g)
K
8. A mixture of2 NO2 (g) and N2O4 (g) at equilibrium has a total pressure of 0.135
atm. If the partial pressure of NO2 (g) at equilibrium = 0.0794 atm, calculate Kp
for the following reaction.
2NO2 (g)

N2O4 (g)

9. A mixture containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the ratio 3:1 (by volume) is
allowed to come to equilibrium at 1 atm pressure and 600K. Under these
conditions, the equilibrium mixture mixture contains 15% by volume of
ammonia. Calculate Kp for the reaction
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)

2NH3 (g)

10.The oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide is a reversible reaction.

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

2SO3 (g)

An equilibrium mixture in a container 0.40 mole of sulfur dioxide, 0.80 mole of

oxygen and 4.8 moles of sulfur trioxide. If the total pressure in the container is
1.5 x 106 Pa, calculate the value of Kp for the reaction.
11.An equilibrium mixture contains 23.9 g of NH 3, 13.5 g of H2 and 60.2 g N2 at
temperature 450 C. The total pressure of the system is 10 atm. Calculate the
value of Kp and state its unit.

12.The equilibrium constant , Kp, for the reaction

CaCO3 (s)

CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

is 1.10 atm at 600 C. If 20.0 g of CaCO3 (s) is put in a 5.0 dm3 vessel and heated
to 600

C,

a) Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced using the formula
PV = nRT.
[P=pressure in atm; V=volume in dm3; n=number of mole; R=gas constant
(0.0821 atm dm3 mol-1 K-1); T=temperature in Kelvin]
b) Calculate the percentage of calcium carbonate decomposed at equilibrium.
13.Consider the heterogeneous equilibrium,
I2 (s) + 2HCl (g)

2HI (g) + Cl2 (g)

When 0.100 mol of HCl and excess solid iodine are placed in 1.00 L container,
the amount of HI produced is 1.46 x 10-12 mol. Calculate Kc for the reaction.
14.The value of Kc for the following equilibrium is 0.11 dm6 mol-2 at 500 C.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)

2NH3 (g)

Calculate the value of Kp at the same temperature.

[R = 0.0821 atm dm3 K-1 mol-1]
15.At 720 C, the value of Kp for the heterogeneous system shown below is 2.0 x 10 4
atm.
CaCO3(s)

CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Calculate the value of Kc for the system at the same temperature.

[R = 0.0821 atm dm3 K-1 mol-1]
16.a) At 1 atm pressure and 55 C, N2O4 is 50% dissociated. Calculate Kp for the
reaction.
b) Using your answer in (a), calculate the degree of dissociation of N 2O4 at the
same temperature and 10 atm pressure.
17.A chemical equilibrium is achieved when 20% of N 2O4 gas in a closed vessel at T
K dissociates according to the equation
N2O4(g)

2NO2(g)

If the total pressure of the system is p, what is the partial pressure equilibrium
constant, Kp, for this reaction?

18.Consider the reaction,

A(g) + B(g)

C(g) + D(g)

Kc for the reaction at 50 C is 0.78.

In the reacting vessel, the concentrations of these gases before equilibrium are
as follows.
[A] = 0.50 mol dm-3; [B] = 0.04 mol dm-3; [C] = 0.35 mol dm-3; [D] = 0.04 mol
dm-3.
Determine the direction of reaction in order to reach equilibrium.
19.At T C, the value of Kc for the reaction shown below is 4.5 x 10-3 mol dm-3.
N2O4(g)

2NO2(g)

If [N2O4] = 0.5 mol dm-3 and [NO2] = 0.15 mol dm-3, in which direction will the
reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?
20. Kp for chemical equilibrium: N2(g) + 3H2(g)

2NH3(g) at 450 C is 5.0 x 10-5

atm-2. For each of the following mixtures, chemical equilibrium may or may not
have been attained. Show the direction in which the reaction will move in order
to achieve chemical equilibrium.
a) NH3 (140 atm), N2 (20 atm) and H2 (600 atm)
b) NH3 (30 atm), N2 (83 atm) and H2 (60 atm)
c) NH3 (100 atm), N2 (5 atm) and H2 (2 atm)
21.Nickel (II) oxide (NiO) can be reduced by carbon monoxide to nickel according to
the equation
NiO(s) + CO(g)

Ni(s) + CO2(g)

At 1500 K, the equilibrium constant, K p, for the reaction is 650. If the pressure of
CO(g) is 0.40 atm, and the total pressure does not exceed 1 atm, can the
reduction of NiO by CO occur?
22.For each of the following cases, explain the changes that take place when the
chemical equilibrium is disturbed.
a) Water is added to the concentrated solution of bismuth chloride (BiCl 3),
followed by diluted hydrochloric acid.
BiCl3(aq) + H2O(l)
(colorless solution)

BiOCl(s)

(white solid)

2HCl(aq)

b) Iron(III) chloride solution is added to aqueous ammonium thiocyanate,

NH4SCN.
Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)

(yellow)

FeSCN2+(aq)
(dark red)

c) An aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride is heated with concentrated

hydrochloric acid.

Co2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq)

[CoCl4]2-(aq)

H is positive

(endothermic)
(pink)

(blue)

23.With reference to the following equilibrium reaction

2NO2(g)
(dark brown)

N2O4(g)

H < 0

(colorless)

Explain what will happen if a small sealed tube which contains a mixture of
NO2(g) and N2O4(g) is immersed in
a) A beaker containing an ice-water mixture,
b) A conical flask half-filled with hot water.
24.In which of the following reactions would the composition of the equilibrium
mixture be affected by an increase in pressure?
a) C(s) + O2(g)

b) CuO(s) + H2(g)
c) CaCO3(s)

CO2(g)

Cu(s) + H2O(g)

CaO(s) + CO2(g)

25.For the equilibrium system

PCl5(g)

PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

What is the effect on

a) The equilibrium constant,
b) The position of equilibrium,
if some of the PCl5 (g) is removed from the equilibrium mixture?