Roads 9

2010.11.09.
ROADS
URBAN TRANSPORTATION
LECTURE 9
Urban transportation is
COMPLEX
Diversified travel demands of

large volume
2010.11.09.
Elements of urban transportation

Pedestrian transportation
Bicycle transportation
Public transportation
Individual vehicle transportation
Increasing DOMINANCE
of road traffic
ennek kvetkezmnyei
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MAN:

the one who has a car
the one who would like to have
2010.11.09.
CRITICAL
condition
TASK:
to make the
transportation
system
SUSTAINABLE
Society
Bearable
Fair
SD
Environment
Economy
Livable
CHANGE OF APPROACH
Capacity of one traffic lane of 3,5 m width
2010.11.09.
INTERVENTION is needed
Increasing
income
optimization of the
transportation system
Increasing
number of cars
Car becomes
more
attractive
Lower share of
public
transport
Lower
frequency
More
congestion
and delay
Subvention
More expensive
operation of bus
service
increasing
fares
More delays
for buses
INFLUENCE
OF TRAFFIC DEMANDS
Management of
car usage
fi. congestion toll,
pparking management,
capacity decrease
2.
Promotion of
sustainable
transport modes
fi. pedestrian zones
attractive cycling environment
attractive public transportation
The NECESSARY traffic should be

effectively operated
2.
2010.11.09.
The VEHICLES NOT USED

should be stopped somewhere
3.
loading is also needed
Tasks of urban transport
Pedestrian
transportation
Bicycle
transportation
Public
transportation
Car transport
Management of traffic
demands
Traffic control
Parking and loading
Traffic
management
Traffic control
Parking, loading
Pedestrian
transportation
Bicycle
transportation
The ancient mode of transport
Public
transportation
WALKING
Car transport
2010.11.09.
Traffic
management
Traffic control
Parking, loading
Walking lost its dominating role

it was squeezed to the walls
but now it is again in the focus

as an important feature of the
quality of urban life
2010.11.09.
Pedestrian infrastructure
funcionality
safety
conform
environment
Modern pedestrian transport requires

the reconstruction of the quarter
PEDESTRIAN ZONE
areas primarily for pedestrian
activities
2010.11.09.
The vehicles of public

transportation CAN SHARE the
road with pedestrians
SPATIAL or TEMPORAL
separation from road traffic
low car volume
SHARED ROADS
pedestrians and cars
share surface
can not connect directly
to main road
2010.11.09.
Pedestrian areas should be

desinged based on the
EXPECTED DEMAND
motion
waiting
Level of Service based on
DENSITIY
E: normal walking speed

is limited
F: movement requires
jostling
The safe and comfortable

pedestrian transport is total consideration of
BARRIER-FREE
handicapped people!!!
2010.11.09.
PHYSICALLY handicapped
physicaly disabled
handicapped in motion:
old peaple
pregnant women
people with children
ill people
VISUALLY handicapped
blinds and partially blinds
AUDITORY handicapped
deafs
10
2010.11.09.
MENTALLY handicapped
mentally disabled
tourists and strangers
occasional users
Pedestrian
transportation
Bicycle
transportation
Public
transportation
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Car transport
from the beginning of 1800s
Traffic
management
Traffic control
Parking, loading
social sustainability
Public transportation should

provide the basic TRIPS needed for
living
could be economically
unefficient
11
2010.11.09.
environmental sustainability
Public transportation should

provide a HIGH-QUALITY,
ATTRACTIVE SERVICE
quality service
competition with individual

car usage
FARES can not follow the costs of high

quality service
fairness and
competitiveness
Public transportation needs

subvention
Public transportation should be

GOOD and CHEAP
12
2010.11.09.
there are routes changed

by demand
ROUTE
permanent route between

permanent end points
SHAPE OF ROUTES
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
diametric
semi-diametric
overlapped
full circle
partial circle
inlet
looped
The CAPACITY of public transportation

depends on the CAPACITY and the
FREQUENCY OF THE VEHICLES
Bus
Tram
Subway
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
capacity[passenger/hour]
13
2010.11.09.
LIGHT RAILS are reasoned

in large cities
construction costs
travel demand
TRAMS are practical on routes of

construction costs
high volume
travel demand
STOPS
loading, unloading and
transfer of passangers
14
2010.11.09.
DISTANCE between stops

300 500 m
optimum between walking
distance and travel time
the longer the route the longer

distance between stops is optimal
The platform or sidewalk should

be RAISED to make the access to
the vehicle easy
barrier-free transport
ADEQUATE INFORMATION
for the passengers in the stops
informational barrier
15
2010.11.09.
BUS STOPS could be located in bus

bays or beside the curb
End stops of bus routes should

provide turn-back without
reversing
buses could turn back around
blocks of houses
BUS STATIONS should be separated,

closed units
one loading and unloading area
per line
storage
BUS STATION
arrival
urban road
departure
Unloading area of 2-3 lines

could be combined
16
2010.11.09.
PRIORITY for the VEHICLES of

public transportation
competitiveness against
individual car usage
primarily for buses in road traffic
better operation in congested sections
BUS LANE
Separated lane for the vehicles of
better operation in intersections
BUS GATE
priority in intersections
17
Pedestrian
transportation
Bicycle
transportation
CYCLING
Public
transportation
From the beginning of 1800s
Car transport
2010.11.09.
Traffic
management
Traffic control
Parking, loading
Cycling has a BASIC role inside

sustainable transportation system
individual transport mode
public transport mode
combined mode(B+R)
Cycling as individual
transport mode
environment
safety
comfort
spatially and temporally direct
alignment
home
storing with adequate
short term
density and quality
long term
18
2010.11.09.
Cycling as public transportation

cycling should be available for the
occasional user
simple renting system, usable by
everyone
connection to the stops of

From the summer of 2011
BuBi
TASKS
creation of attractive
cycling environmnet
change of approach
19
2010.11.09.
CYCLING-FRIENDLY
reconstruction of the
road network
cycles and motorized vehicles
use the roads together
adequate subjective abd objective
traffic safety
STORING CYCLES
with adequate density and
quality
Coherent, comfortable
MAIN NETWORK
high level of service
direct alignment
adequate information
additional services
(fi: water)
20
2010.11.09.
The public acceptance of

cycling should be increased
to be in the mind of people as a valid,

choosable alternative
Pedestrian
transportation
Bicycle
transportation
MOTORIZED VEHICLES
Public
transportation
From the beginning of 1900s
Car transport
MUTUAL CARING
on roads
Traffic
management
Traffic control
Parking, loading
21
2010.11.09.
LIVABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT could

be provided by traffic calming
decrease of volume
and/or speed
Volume could be decreased by the

HINDRANCE of the individual vehicle
transportation
and by providing
attractive alternatives!
The speed could be decreased by

narrowing the PERCEIVED WIDTH
optical and geometrical
22
2010.11.09.
As the function of
the road changes
the PERCEIVED
SCALE should be
changed as well
The effective operation of the

REMINING NECESSARY ROAD TRAFFIC
traffic control
The unused vehicles should be

stopped somewhere
23
2010.11.09.
Surface needed
to stop one vehicle:
it is recommended to borde the

parking spaces with pavement marks
2,50 m 5,50 m
(2,30 m 5,00 m)
+ surface needed for manouvering
Dimensions of parking spaces:

parallel
Parking
Parallel
45
60
90
Notation
Necessary
dimension
6,0
2,5
3,0
5,2
2,5
3,5
5,7
2,5
4,0
5,5
2,5
5,0
3,0
4,7
2,3
3,0
5,2
2,3
4,0
5,0
2,3
5,0
Exceptional 5,5 2,3

dimensions (5,0) (2,0)
Stopping prohibition should be

SHOWN by traffic signs and
pavement marks as well
and should be enforced
curb
pavement mark
24
2010.11.09.
PARKING MANAGEMENT
Traffic management by managing
parking possibilities
parking demands can not be
satisfied in densely built areas!!!
Short and long term parking

demands should be SEPARATED
Limit of PARKING
TIME
Parking fee
maximal parking time
25
2010.11.09.
Parking demands should be

satisfied together with the traffic
attracting facilities
possibly under the ground or
inside buildings
Entrance and exit of parking

garages can not connect directly to
main roads
separation of entrance
and exit
queuing line for waiting
vehicles
AT THE PERIMETER OF
DOWNTOWN
high capacity
parking facilities
parking demands can not be

satisfied in densely built areas!!!
26
2010.11.09.
P+R SYSTEM
park-and-ride
Reasonable cooperation between

transport modes
combination of individual and

The GOAL of P+R systems is the

discharge of the downtown road
network
The P+R systems are useful, if the

FINAL DESTINATION could be
easily and quickly accessed by
good transfer is also
essential!
27
2010.11.09.
Park
passenger
car
motorbike
Ride
bus
tram
light rail
ship
flight
Other forms of P+R

Bike and Ride (B+R)
Kiss and Ride (K+R)
Park and Rail
Park and Fly
Park and Go
Ride and Bike
Park and Pool
LIVEABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

requires the decrease of individual
vehicle transportation
28
2010.11.09.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MAN:

the one who can live without a car
the one who would like if he could
29

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2010.11.09.

Diversified travel demands of

Elements of urban transportation

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MAN:

The NECESSARY traffic should be

The VEHICLES NOT USED

loading is also needed

Tasks of urban transport

The ancient mode of transport

Walking lost its dominating role

but now it is again in the focus

Modern pedestrian transport requires

The vehicles of public

low car volume

Pedestrian areas should be

Level of Service based on

E: normal walking speed

The safe and comfortable

from the beginning of 1800s

Public transportation should

Public transportation should

competition with individual

FARES can not follow the costs of high

Public transportation needs

Public transportation should be

there are routes changed

permanent route between

The CAPACITY of public transportation

LIGHT RAILS are reasoned

TRAMS are practical on routes of

DISTANCE between stops

the longer the route the longer

The platform or sidewalk should

BUS STOPS could be located in bus

End stops of bus routes should

BUS STATIONS should be separated,

Unloading area of 2-3 lines

PRIORITY for the VEHICLES of

primarily for buses in road traffic

better operation in congested sections

better operation in intersections

From the beginning of 1800s

Cycling has a BASIC role inside

Cycling as public transportation

connection to the stops of

From the summer of 2011

The public acceptance of

to be in the mind of people as a valid,

From the beginning of 1900s

LIVABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT could

Volume could be decreased by the

The speed could be decreased by

The effective operation of the

The unused vehicles should be

it is recommended to borde the

Dimensions of parking spaces:

Exceptional 5,5 2,3

Stopping prohibition should be

Short and long term parking

Parking demands should be

Entrance and exit of parking

parking demands can not be

Reasonable cooperation between