Q)explain the relation between pressure graidient to isobars,wind direction & velocity.

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Pressure gradient is the amount of change in atmosphere pressure between 2 points & is
depicted on the synoptic chart by the differential spacing of isobars(imaginery lines
joining points on hte map with equal barometric pressure)-a wide spacing indicates weak
or gentle gradient (& therefore wind of low velocity) while narrow spacing indicates a
steep gradient (& therefore winds of high velocity).Thus,when the wind is subjected to
greater pressure on one side than on the other,this imbalance produces a net imbalanced
force from a region of high pressure to the region of low pressure called the Pressure
Gradient Force.
pressure gradient force=1/density of atmosphere*(rate of pressure
change*over distance 'P' )/(rate of pressure change* in the direction'X' )
This pressure difference between the two isobars cause the wind to blow as per Newton's
second law f motion & if these differences are high wind velocity is high & if this
difference is low wind velocity is low.the ispbars are curved & the wind blowing along the
isobars is called Geostrophic wind,where the actual speed departs more from geostrophic
than in regions where isobars are straight lines,resulting in geostrophic imbalance.Around
the highs in northern hemisphere wind is clockwise parallel to isobars & horizontal
pressure gradient force is directed radially outwards away from the centre of high &
Coriolis effect directed inwards & changing horizontal pressure gradient force help in
conservation of angular momentum resulting in increased wind velocity.
Around low,horizontal pressure gradient force is inwardly & Coriolis
force moves radially outwards & horizontal pressure gradient force>Coriolis force & wind
blows parallel to isobars but anticlockwise & since the air movement is equatorwards
therefore angular momentum is not maintained & wind velocity is low i.e., sub-
geostrophic.In the southern hemispheres all these motions are reversed.therefore,If the
winds move polewards across isobars then by the virtue of the Law of Conservation of
Angular Momentum it's velocity increases in both the hemispheres.