Professional Documents
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Revisited:
A Very Promising Thermal Desalination Process
with Powerful Spin-Offs
KLAREN
INTERNATIONAL
BV BV
2013 KLAREN
INTERNATIONAL
Presented by:
Dr.Ir.Ing. Dick G. Klaren M.Sc.
at
2nd Annual Power and Desalination Summit - 2013,
MENA Grand Khaldia Hotel, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
March 17-18, 2013
Inventors
self-cleaning
exchange
technology
Vinc. van Goghsingel
40,heat
NL-2182
LP Hillegom,
The Netherlands, T +31 104 299 666 W www.klarenbv.com E info@klarenbv.com1
Contents
Introduction.
Conclusions.
Acknowledgements.
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Introduction
MSF/FBE Revisited means:
Re-examination of the MSF/FBE after a time interval,
with a view to making a fresh appraisal.
As a consequence, we pay attention to development, market
introduction, etc. of a unique self-cleaning fluidised bed heat exchange
technology for thermal seawater desalination and other industrial
applications during the following three time periods:
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T o p v ie w
Two different
simplified designs:
S h a ll o w la y e r o f
f lu id i s e d p a r t i c le s
S h a llo w la y e r o f
f l u i d is e d p a r t i c l e s
O u tle t
channel
T u b e p la t e
B r in e h e a te r
O u t le t c h a n n e l
S te a m
F i n a l f lu i d iz e d
b e d (F B ) h e a te r
S te a m
C o n d e n s a te
D is t il la t e
( in te r s ta g e )
F la s h c h a m b e r
F la s h
c h a m b e rs
i n s e r ie s
C o n d e n s a te
F la s h
c h a m b e rs
in s e r i e s
R e c o v e r y s e c tio n
( f lu id iz e d b e d
(F B ) c o n d e n s e rs
in s e r ie s )
R e c o v e r y s e c t io n
( f l u i d iz e d b e d
(F B ) c o n d e n s e rs
in s e r ie s )
C o n d e n s e r,
w ith p a r a lle l
f l u i d is e d b e d s
D is t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m
T u b e p la te
D is t r ib u t io n s y s te m
I n le t c h a n n e l
In le t c h a n n e l
D is c h a r g e
(B r in e )
Feed
(N a tu ra l s e a w a te r)
D is tilla te
D is c h a r g e (B r in e )
F e e d (s e a w a te r)
D i s t i ll a t e
Di
Lt = Do
Do
l cl U l
4 k
Tlog
(1)
Where:
Lt = Condenser tube length per stage
[m]
Do = Outer diameter of the condenser tube
[m]
Di = Inner diameter of the condenser tube
[m]
l = Mean density of the liquid in the condenser tubes
[kg/m]
cl = Mean specific heat of the liquid in the condenser tube [J/(kgK)]
Ul = Mean superficial liquid velocity in the condenser tubes
[m/s]
k = Mean overall heat transfer coefficient for the condenser tubes[W/
(mK)]
T = Temperature drop of the flashing brine in each stage
[C]
Tlog
= Mean logarithmic
U l temperature difference
Or simplified:
Lt = Constant
(2)
[C]
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75 %
= 0.12 m/s
= 2500 W/(mK)
0.4 m
19 mm
1.8 m/s
= 2500 W/(mK)
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6m
7
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O u tle t w a te r b o x
F lu id is e d g la s s b e a d s
S te a m
D r o p le t s e p a r a t o r
1B
C o n d e n s a te
F ix e d o r ific e f o r
b r in e t r a n s p o r t
E v a p o ra to r
c h a m b e rs
C o n d e n s e rs
D is tilla te
fla s h c o lu m n
F in a l
h e a te r
In te r s ta g e
v a lv e s
1A
H e a t re c o v e ry
s e c tio n
F lu id is e d g la s s b e a d s
F lo w d is tr ib u t io n s y s te m
D is tilla te
In le t w a t e r b o x
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S e a w a te r
B lo w d o w n
10
Interstage valves.
O u tle t w a te r b o x
F lu id is e d g la s s b e a d s
S te a m
D r o p le t s e p a r a t o r
F in a l
h e a te r
1B
C o n d e n s a te
F ix e d o r ific e f o r
b r in e t r a n s p o r t
E v a p o ra to r
c h a m b e rs
C o n d e n s e rs
D is tilla te
fla s h c o lu m n
1
In te r s ta g e
v a lv e s
1A
H e a t re c o v e ry
s e c tio n
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F lu id is e d g la s s b e a d s
F lo w d is tr ib u t io n s y s te m
D is tilla te
In le t w a t e r b o x
S e a w a te r
B lo w d o w n
11
12
13
Demonstration of the MSF/FBE technology for the production of boiler feed water
from polluted Amsterdam harbour water (100 m/d).
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In the late 70s and early 80s, reverse osmosis represented the new,
fast rising and promising technology and ESMIL had to face the
dilemma to spend large amounts of money for the continued
development of the MSF/FBE in, what they believed, could be a
seriously shrinking market for seawater evaporators.
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Unit
Heat transfer surface
Pumping power
Number of cleanings
per year
m
kW
-
Conventional
heat
exchanger
Self-cleaning
heat
exchanger
(1998)
Self-cleaning
heat
exchanger
(2005)
24 000
2 100
4 600
840
3 300
450
12
19
4 600 m self-cleaning fluidised bed heat exchangers replacing 24 000 m conventional heat exchangers.
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20
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
70 000
72 164
2 164
2 164
(3 %of feed)
721
(~1 %of feed)
975
1950
234
kW
2 333 +10
1 167 +10
25
kW
kW
350
2 693
1527
Yes
375
Nil
21
46
120 43
150
26 50
MW
C
bar
C
m
tonne
kW
Indirect seawater
coolers
Direct
seawater coolers
(self-cleaning
bed)
530
350
850
90
300
2 000
40
1901)
80
1)
When cooler is submerged, but supported by the structure of the platform, the weight reduces to approx.
75 tonne
22
23
:
:
40 000 m/d
10 -
Seawater temperature
Maximum seawater temperature in final heater
:
:
35 C
115 C
30 0.4 m
14.0 m
Specifications:
Gain-ratio
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
120 000
19
0.4
Titanium
mm
mm
-
2.0 mm
350 t
Duplex Stainless steel Carbon steel -
24
H o t s e a w a te r
O u tle t w a te r b o x
F lu id is e d g la s s b e a d s
S te a m
D ro p le t s e p a r a to r
F in a l
h e a te r
1B
C o n d e n s a te
F ix e d o r if ic e fo r
b r in e tr a n s p o r t
E v a p o ra to r
c h a m b e rs
C o n d e n s e rs
D is tilla te
f la s h c o lu m n
1
In te r s ta g e
v a lv e s
1A
H e a t re c o v e ry
s e c tio n
F lu id is e d g la s s b e a d s
F lo w d is t r ib u tio n s y s te m
D is tilla te
In le t w a te r b o x
S e a w a te r
Principle MSF/FBE.
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B lo w d o w n
25
5 m
2 .5 m
1 .2 5 m
B u n d le
1 .2 5 m
C ondenser
C o ld s e c tio n
B u n d le
C ondenser
Vapour
E v a p o ra to r
cham ber
C o ld s e c tio n
Vapour
Vapour
D is tilla te fla s h
c o lu m n s
Vapour
40 m
D is tilla t e f la s h
c o lu m n s
Vapour
Long beam s
Nonc o n d e n s a b le s
Vapour
C ro s s b e a m s
Vapour
D r ille d c o n d e n s e r
p a r t itio n w a lls
E v a p o ra to r
cham ber
F la s h c h a m b e r
flo o r
26
E v a p o ra to r
cham ber
T h r o t t l in g g a p
C ondenser
1 .2 5 m
W ir e m e s h
d e m is t e r
F la s h in g c h u te s
D e fle c to r
2 .5 m
2 .0 m
2 .0 m
Design:
V a p o u r la n e s
C ondenser
B a ffle p la te
1 .2 5 m
C r o s s s e c tio n A -A
Flash chambers, condensers & path of the vapour flow units way to the condensers.
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40 m
A ccess
d o o rs (2 )
C r o s s s e c tio n C - C
2 .0 m
2 .0 m
2 .0 m
2 .0 m
2 .0 m
2 .0 m
S u p p o rt
M u ltip le p a r r a le l
n o z z le s
2 .5 m
O u tle t w a te r b o x (2 )
A ccess
d o o r s (2 )
F in a l
h e a te r (2 )
S ta g e 1
T u b e p la te
2 m
S ta g e 1
S ta g e 3 0
V e r tic a l
s u p p o rts
s ta g e 3 0
T u b e p la te
In le t w a te r b o x (2 )
D is tilla te fla s h
c o lu m n s (2 3 )
Sum p
D i s t r i b u t io n
s y s te m
F e e d (2 )
B lo w d o w n
H eavy
c ro s s b e a m s
1 .2 5 m
2 .5 m
B lo w d o w n
+ F e e d (2 )
29
D is tilla te fla s h
c o lu m n s (2 3 )
S t a g e 3 0 , in c l. s u m p
C ro s s
beam s
0 .4 m
V e r tic a l
s u p p o rts
s ta g e 2 9
S ta g e 2 9
0 .6 m
C o n d e n s e rs
12 m
19 m
V e r tic a l
s u p p o rts
s ta g e 1
F o u n d a tio n
1 .2 5 m
V ie w A - A
H a tc h fo r
d is tr ib u tio n s y s te m
28
S te a m
C o n d e n s a te
5 .0 m
A
V a r ia t io n o f c a p a c it y
2 .0 m
S ta g e 2 5
40 m
14 m
V a r ia t io n o f g a in - r a t io
S ta g e 1
S ta g e 3 0
B lo w d o w n
S e a w a te r fe e d
D is tilla te
C r o s s - s e c t io n A - A
( S ta g e 2 5 in r e d )
29
0.42
0.20
0.31
0.08
0.05
0.01
0.29
0.06
0.31
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.29
0.24
0.03
0.10
0.07
0.03
0.21
0.06
0.31
0.08
0.01
Total costs
(oil price $ 60/bbl;
electricity $ 0.05/kWh)
1.07
0.83
0.76
0.67
Total costs
(oil price $ 100/bbl;
electricity $ 0.075/kWh)
1.38
1.07
0.88
0.91
?
?
?
1) Chemical cost for demineralisation of the distillate and algae control of the seawater feed not taken
into account.
Data for MSF, MED and SWRO obtained from article by Global Water Intelligence
(GWI), October 2012, titled: Technology choice still open at Yanbu 3.
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High-temperature
front-end
MSF/FBE:
S te a m
M
C o n d e n s a te
H ig h - te m p . fr o n t- e n d
M S F /F B E
D is t illa t e
C o n v e n tio n a l M S F
P -0 1
L IC
F IC
S e a w a te r
fe e d
D is tilla te
P -0 2
B lo w d o w n
F H E X -0 1
33
W in d
tu r b in e
O u tle t w a te r b o x
P a r a b o lic
m ir r o r
F in a l h e a t e r
C o n d e n s e rs
F la s h
s ta g e s
C o n d e n s a te
In te rs ta g e
v a lv e s
D is tilla t e s u m p
B r in e s u m p
S te e l s u p p o rt
c o n s t r u c t io n
S te a m
C o ld
(w a te r)
I n le t
w a te rb o x
FI
B r in e d is c h a r g e
E le c t r i c b o i l e r &
W a te r / s te a m
s e p a ra to r +
h o ld - u p v e s s e l
J e tp u m p
B r a n c h e d o ff c o ld
s e a w a te r fe e d
S e a w a te r fe e d
Hot
(w a te r +
s te a m )
C ir c .
pum p
~
D is c h a r g e d is t illa te
34
Package
35
36
O u tle t c h a n n e l
1 2 7 C
S e p a ra to r
D e m is t e r
H o r iz o n t a l B r in e H e a t e r
(2 -p a s s )
1 2 5 C
11 9 C
119 C
D e m is t e r
S te a m
1 0 7 C
1 2 7 C
11 5 C
V e r tic a l
B r in e H e a t e r
(1 -p a s s )
11 7 C
P a r t ic le s
Downcom m er
C o n d e n s a te
R em oval
sponge
b a l ls
R em oval
s p o n g e b a lls
S ta g e 1
C o n d e n s a te
S ta g e 1
C o n tro l
channel
In le t c h a n n e l w it h
d is tr ib u tio n s y s te m
S p o n g e b a ll r e c y c le
S p o n g e b a ll r e c y c le
37
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C o m b u s tio n
cham ber
Fuel
A ir
G e n e ra to r
65 M W
C h im n e y
1 8 0 C
C o m b in e d e x h a u s t
o f g a s tu r b in e
C o m p re s s o r
A ir
T u r b in e
E xhaust gasses
~ 5 6 0 C
R em oval
s p o n g e b a lls
11 0 C
S te a m
14 M G D M SF
65 M W
Fuel
S te a m h e a te d
b r in e h e a t e r
C o n d e n s a te
S p o n g e b a ll r e c y c le
2 2 0 0 m /h ;
1 0 3 .5 C
Simplified flow diagram for many potential applications in the Gulf Region.
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0.42
0.20
0.31
0.08
0.05
0.01
0.29
0.06
0.31
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.29
0.24
0.03
0.10
0.07
0.03
0.21
0.06
0.31
0.08
0.01
Total costs
(oil price $ 60/bbl;
electricity $ 0.05/kWh)
1.07
0.83
0.76
0.67
0.40
Total costs
(oil price $ 100/bbl;
electricity $ 0.075/kWh)
1.38
1.07
0.88
0.91
0.44
1) Chemical cost for demineralisation of the distillate and algae control of the seawater feed not taken
into account.
Data for MSF, MED and SWRO obtained from article by Global Water Intelligence
(GWI), October 2012, titled: Technology choice still open at Yanbu 3.
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42
Conclusions
Sometimes a new road brings you to exiting places with great views,
where existing roads cannot bring you, and very often, it is a matter of
luck to discover such a new road.
Or in words of the same tenor with respect to the contents of this
presentation:
MSF and MED (the existing roads) do not bring the thermal
desalination community the improvements in technology and
operating cost they need.
More attention should be paid to the self-cleaning fluidised bed heat
exchange technology (the technology) in combination with the many
ideas introduced in this presentation (the new roads),
and, hopefully, in the near future, the thermal desalination community
will enjoy the benefits of the MSF/FBE and the great variety of
fascinating spin-offs (the exiting places with great views).
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Conclusions
The MSF/FBE can take over all applications now divided between MSF
and MED and then we refer to large capacity plants, small capacity
plants, higher temperature distillation and low temperature (waste heat)
distillation whether or not in combination with renewable energy. With
the MSF/FBE you can serve everybodys need, using the same
technology at the lowest cost for the produced distillate.
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Aleksandar Vlaski (Arcadis), who made me decide to return to my
roots and pay attention again to the MSF/FBE for reason that this old
forgotten thermal desalination technology still showed the potential of
being the very best.
Dr. Roberto Borsani (Fisia Italimpianti), Dr. Adil Bushnak (Moya
Bushnak), Joost Vermey (Tebodin), Clemens Wolters and Mohsen
Moussaoui (Deutsche Babcock Middle East) for their encouragement
and keeping us motivated.
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Address :
Tel.
Fax
info@klarenbv.com
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