COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 2

dB/NOISE
1.

A current change that is equal to twice its

original value will correspond to a change of
a.
b.
c.
d.

2.

active

thermal
external
internal
white

Noise due to the random variation in the

arrival of charge carriers at the output
electrode of an active device.
a.
b.
c.
d.

7.

the

shot
impulse
thermal
dynamic

A network has a loss of 20 dB. What power

ratio corresponds to this loss?

1.67 & 194K

2.23 & 194 K
1.67 & 174K
2.23 & 194K

_____ Noise is the most prevalent noise found

in urban areas and is normally caused by the
arc discharge from automobile or aircraft
ignition systems, induction motors, switching
gears, high voltage lines and the like.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Bel
dB
bel/10
dB/2

Noise that is produced by

components within the receiver.
a.
b.
c.
d.

6.

10 volts/volt
100 volts/volt
1000 volts/volt
10,000 volts/volt

0.01
0.1
10
100

A receiver connected to an antenna whose

resistance is 60 ohms has an equivalent noise
resistance of 40 ohms. Calculate the
receivers noise figure in decibels and its
equivalent noise temperature.
a.
b.
c.
d.

9.

_____ is mathematically equal to the

logarithm to the base ten of the power ratio
P1 over P2.
a.
b.
c.
d.

5.

a loss of one third of the power

a loss of one-half of the power
a loss of 3 watts of power
no significant change

A gain of 60 dB is the same as a gain of

a.
b.
c.
d.

4.

8.

3 dB
9 dB
10 dB
6 dB

What does a power difference of -3 dB

mean?
a.
b.
c.
d.

3.

a.
b.
c.
d.

Industrial
Johnson
Flicker
Mixer

10. The noise figure of a totally noiseless device is

a.
b.
c.
d.

unity
infinity
zero
100

11. Indicate the noise whose source is in a

category different from that of the other
three.
a.
b.
c.
d.

solar
cosmic
atmospheric
galactic

12. The ratio (in dB) of the power of a signal at

point to the power of the same signal at the
reference point.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Transmission Level Point

Noise Figure
S/N Ratio
Neper

13. A network has a power gain of 3dB. If the

input power is 100 watts, the output power is

a. 50 watts
b. 55 watts
c. 60 watts
d. 62 watts
14. Which of the following types of noise
becomes of great importance at high
frequencies?
a.
b.
c.
d.

shot
random
impulse
transit time

15. The input current of a network is 190 A and

the output is 1.3 A. The loss in decibels is
a.
b.
c.
d.

20.2
21.6
28.6
43.3

16. If 4 networks connected in series have gains

of 0.5 dB, -0.3 dB, -2 dB and 6.8 dB, the
overall gain is
a.
b.

2 dB
2 dB

c.
d.

4 dB
4dB

17. What is the gain, in dB, if the output to input

ratio is 1000.
a.
b.
c.
d.

20
30
40
10

18. The following are characteristics of noise

except
a.
b.
c.
d.

unwanted energy
predictable in character
present in the channel
due to any cause

19. The equivalent noise temperature of the

amplifier is 25K, what is the noise figure?
a.
b.
c.
d.

10.86
1.086
0.1086
1.86

20. A receiver connected to an antenna whose

resistance is 50 ohms has an equivalent noise
resistance of 30 ohms. What is the receivers
noise temperature?
a.
b.
c.
d.

464K
754 K
400 K
174 K

21. A theoretical antenna has a gain of 1 dB. Its

gain in nepers is
a.
b.
c.
d.

8.686
0.1151
6.868
0.5111

22. What is the equivalent output of a circuit in

dBm, if it has an output of 10 watts?
a.
b.
c.
d.

10 dBm
30 dBm
20 dBm
40 dBm

23. An amplifier with an input resistance of 1000

ohms is operating over a 4 MHz bandwidth.
Calculate the rms noise voltage if the
amplifier is operating at 27 C.
a.
b.
c.
d.

8.14 nV
8.14 V
6.6 nV
6.6 V

24. The value of a resistor creating thermal noise

is doubled. The noise power generated is
therefore
a.
b.
c.
d.

halved
quadrupled
doubled
unchanged

25. One of the following is not a useful quantity

for comparing the noise performance of
receivers.
a. input noise voltage
b. equivalent noise resistance
c. noise temperature
d. noise figure

26. Any unwanted form of energy that tends to

interfere with the wanted signals is called
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise
spectrum
radiation
absorption

a.
b.
c.
d.

27. The correct symbol for decibel is

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.
noise

created

75 K
250 K
290 K
300 K

34. Noise from distant planets, stars, galaxies and

other celestial objects are called

DB
dB
Db
db

28. _____ is the

receiver.

33. In noise analysis, the reference temperature is

outside

cosmic
extraterrestrial
galactic
black body

the

Internal
External
Shot
Industrial

35. Indicate which one of the following types of

noise does not occur in transistors:
a.
b.
c.
d.

shot noise
flicker noise
partition noise
resistance noise

29. _____ is the noise created by man.

a.
b.
c.
d.

Solar
Industrial
Extraterrestial
Galactic

30. A voltage change that is equal to twice its

original value correspond to a change of
a.
b.
c.
d.

3 dB
6 dB
9 dB
10 dB

31. Indicate the voltage level in dB with

reference to one volt. This unit is used in video
or TV measurement.
a.
b.
c.
d.

dBW
dBk
dBm
dBV

32. Which of the following is not an actual

amount of power?
a.
b.
c.
d.

dB
dBm
dBw
dBk

36. Which of the following is not a source of

space noise?
a.
b.
c.
d.

sun
star
lightning
black body

37. Noise that is due to the random and rapid

motion of the charge carriers inside a resistive
component.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Johnson
Thermal Agitation
White
all of the above

38. Indicate the false statement. The square of

the thermal noise voltage generated by a
resistor is proportional to
a.
b.
c.
d.

its resistance
its temperature
Boltzmanns constant
The bandwodth over
measured

which

it

is

39. In a communications system, noise is likely to

affect the signal
a.

at the transmitter

b.
c.
d.

in the channel
in the information source
at the destination

a.
b.
c.
d.

40. The noise power generated by a resistor is

proportional to
a.
b.
c.
d.

temperature
bandwidth
a and b
NOTA

82 dBm
-90 dBm
85dBm
77dBm

47. A 10 db pad has an output level of 3 dBm.

The level at the input is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

13 dBm
7 dBm
1 dBm
7 dBm

41. Thermal noise is also known as:

a.
b.
c.
d.

48. The sum of three signals of 45dBm each is

_____dBm.

Gaussian Noise
White noise
Johnson noise
All of the above

42. This type of noise has a power spectrum

which decreases with increasing frequency.
It is most important at low frequencies (from 0
to about 100 Hz).
a.
b.
c.
d.

shot noise
flicker noise
diode noise
BJT noise

43. Industrial noise

frequency?
a.
b.
c.
d.

extends

up

to

what

500 MHz
500 GHz
500 THz
500 kHz

a function of current
a short duration pulse
dependent of frequency
dependent of temperature

45. When the power ratio of the output to input

of a circuit is 200. What is the gain in dB?
a.
b.
c.
d.

23
46
23
46

46. What is the reference level for random noise

measurement, FIA weighted?

45
135
20
50

49. It is characterized by high amplitude peaks of

short duration in the total noise spectrum.
a.
b.
c.
d.

44. Impulse Noise is

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.

intermodulation voice
impulse noise
dropout
phase hits

50. Originally was determined by measuring the

interfering effect of noise in a Type 144
handset. A tone of 1 kHz, having a power
level of 90 dBm was selected as the reference
level.
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise figure
S/N ratio
Signal figure
Figure of merit

51. A power level of 50 W could be expressed

as:
a.
b.
c.
d.

1.69 dBm
4.3 dBm
1 dBm
13 dBm

52. If a power of 0.25 mW is launced into a fiber

system with an overall loss of 15 dB the output
power would be:
a. 250 /W
b. 31.6 W
c. 7.9 W
d. 15 dBm

53. A system having an input power of 2 mW an

output power of 0.8 mW has a loss of:
a.
b.
c.
d.

2.98 dBm
3.98 dB
3.98 W
1.98 mW

54. An output of 10 dB means that the power

has been
a.
b.
c.
d.

halved in value
increased by a factor of 10
reduced by a factor of 10
doubled

55. Any unwanted form of energy interfering the

reception of wanted signal is called
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise
sideband
harmonics
modulation

56. Is the reduction of signal amplitude as it

passed over the transmission medium.
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise
distortion
attenuation
interference

57. Signal waveform perturbation or deviation

caused by imperfect response of the system
to the desired signal
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise
aliasing
distortion
interference

58. Signal attenuation can be corrected by

a.
b.
c.
d.

filtering
modulation
equalization
amplification

59. Distortion in a waveform can be corrected by

a.
b.
c.
d.

filtering
modulation
equalization
amplification

60. Signal contamination by extraneous or

external sources, such as, other transmitters,
power lines, and machinery.
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise
distortion
harmonics
interference

61. Man-made or industrial noise is also known as

a.
b.
c.
d.

noise
distortion
interference
thermal noise

62. The noise performance of a receiver or circuit.

It is expressed as ratio of the S/N power at the
input to the S/N power at the output.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Noise figure
S/N ratio
Signal figure
Figure of merit

63. Noise that is caused by natural disturbances

such as lightning discharge.
a.
b.
c.
d.

static noise
space noise
atmospheric noise
A or C

64. Atmospheric or static noise becomes less

severe at frequencies
a.
b.
c.
d.

below 30 KHz
between 30 KHz and 300 KHz
between 300 KHz and 30 MHz
above 30 MHz

65. Considered as space noise or extraterrestrial

noise.
a.
b.
c.
d.

solar noise
cosmic noise
black-body noise
all of the above

66. Which statement is not true?

a.
b.
c.

Industrial noise is usually of impulse type.

Distant stars produce atmospheric noise.
Active switches are sources of manmade noise.

d.

Static noise is due to lightning discharges

and other natural electric disturbances
occurring in the atmosphere.

67. Noise performance of microwave system is

usually expressed in terms of
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise voltage, Vn = 4kTBR

noise power, Pn = KTB
noise temperature, Te = (F 1) 290
noise figure, F = (S/N)I / (S/N)o

68. Which circuit contributes most to the noise at

the receiver?
a.
b.
c.
d.

RF amplifier
Mixer
Detector
Local oscillator

69. Which noise figure represents the lowest

noise?
a.
b.
c.
d.

1.5 dB
2.0 dB
3.7 dB
4.1 dB

70. Denote the interference of noise in dB above

an adjusted reference noise. The adjusted
reference noise level was a 1 kHz tone, set at 85 dBm
a.
b.
c.
d.

dBa
dBm
dBa0
pWp

71. The extent of noise referred to a test tone

level of zero dBm.
a.
b.
c.
d.

dBa
dBm
dBa0
pWp

72. An amplifier operating over a 4-MHz

bandwidth has a 100 input resistance and is
operating at 300K. Determine the noise
power generated.
a.
b.
c.
d.

1.656 x 10-14 Watts

1656 nW
1.656 pW
1.656 W

73. Generally used when noise readings are

measured using the C-message weighting
network. The reference level was 1 kHz tone,
set at 90 dBm.
a.
b.
c.
d.

dBa
dBm
dBaO
dBmC

74. The measurement of noise was made with a

C-message filter, and the reading is taken at
a test point where the level is zero dBm.
a.
b.

dBaO
dBmCo

c.
d.

dBa
dBmC

75.Which of the following is not an important

cause of distortion in DC signaling?
a.
b.
c.
d.

line resistance
line inductance
line capacitance
all of the above

76.There are a number of different sources of radio

noise, the most important being
a.
b.
c.
d.

galactic noise
man-made noise
atmospheric noise
all of the above

77.The amount of noise power is measured using a

psophometric weighting network. This unit of
measurement is generally used in Europe where
the standard reference tone is 800 hertz, 1
picowatt.
a.
b.
c.
d.

dBa
dBm
dBaO
pWp

78.Noise produced mostly by lightning discharges

in thunderstorms.
a. white noise
b. industrial noise
c. atmospheric noise
d. extraterrestrial noise
79.Propagation of man-made noise is chiefly by

a.
b.
c.
d.

transmission over power lines and by

ground wave
space-wave
sky-wave
none of these

80.A more precise evaluation of the quality of a

receiver as far as noise is concerned.
a.
b.
c.
d.

S/N
VSWR
Noise factor
Noise margin

non-intrinsic figure
noise interference figure
noise improvement factor
narrow intermediate frequency

dc values
rms values
peak values
average values

a.
b.
c.
d.

is

observable

at

0 to 20 KHz
8 MHz to 1.43 GHz
5 to 8 GHz
15 to 160 MHz

85.Industrial noise is observable from

a.
b.
c.
d.

15 to 160 MHz
200 to 3,000 MHz
0 to 10 KHz
8 MHz to 1.43 GHz

86.Noise that becomes significant at VHF range

and above
a.

atmospheric

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.

shot noise
galactic noise
impulse noise
precipitation static

84.Extra-terrestrial
noise
frequencies from

a.
b.
c.
d.

0 dB
infinite
less than 1
greater than 1

white noise
amplification noise
active noise
dynamic noise

a.
b.
c.
d.
95.A

shot noise
thermal noise
background noise
static noise

90.A wideband form of impulse noise generated

by the electric arc in the spark plugs of an
internal combustion engine. This noise is a
common problem in mobile radio system.
a.
b.
c.
d.

thermal noise
shot noise
amplification noise
ignition noise

91. The amount of power in dB referred to one

kilowatt.
a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.

man-made noise
distortion
external noise
internal noise

absolute temperature
temperature band
noise-equivalent temperature
critical temperature

passive circuit, usually consisting of

capacitance and/or inductance, that is
inserted in series with the a-c power cord of
an electronic device which will allow the 60Hz current to pass and suppressed high
frequency noise components.
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise filter
noise limiter
noise floor
noise quieting

96.What do you call the level of background

noise, relative to some reference signal.
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise figure
minimum noise
reference noise
noise floor

97.A circuit often used in radio receivers that

prevents externally generated noise from
exceeding a certain amplitude. They are also
called noise clippers.

dBW
dBk
dBm
dBV

92.Noise in any form of electromagnetic

interference that can be traced to nonnatural causes.

noise equivalent bandwidth

spectral response
cut-off frequency
noise cut-off frequency

94.Refers to the temperature that corresponds to

the spectral energy distribution of a noise.

89.Electrical noise inherent to a particular device,

circuit, or system that remains when no other
signal is present.

83.Form of interference caused by rain, hail, snow

or dust storms
a.
b.
c.
d.

93.The frequency range wherein noise is said to be

intense.

87.Noise figure for an amplifier with noise is always

a.
b.
c.
d.

82.External noise fields are measured in terms of

a.
b.
c.
d.

transit-time
galactic
white

88.The noise generated by the tube, transistor, or

integrated circuit in an amplifier.

81.NIF stands for

a.
b.
c.
d.

b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.
98.

noise floor
noise filter
noise limiter
noise clamper

It is referred to as a
electromagnetic energy.
a.
b.
c.
d.

pulse
noise pulse
spike
noise floor

short

burst

of

99. The reduction of internal noise level in a

frequency-modulated (FM) receiver as a
result of an incoming signal.
a.
b.
c.
d.

noise quieting
noise limiting
noise suppression
noise degradation

b.
c.
d.
6.

a.
b.
c.
d.

shot noise
thermal noise
circuit noise
external noise

7.

Having an information signal change some

characteristic of a carrier signal is called
a.
b.
c.
d.

8.

9.
2.

Which of the following is not true about AM?

a.
b.
c.
d.

3.

The opposite of modulation is

a.
b.
c.
d.

4.

Reverse modulation
Downward modulation
Unmodulation
Demodulation

The circuit used to produce modulation is

called a
a.
b.
c.
d.

5.

The carrier amplitude varies.

The carrier frequency remains constant.
The carrier frequency changes.
The
information
signal
amplitude
changes the carrier amplitude.

Modulator
Demodulator
Variable gain amplifier
Multiplexer

A
modulator
circuit
performs
what
mathematical operation on its two inputs?
a.

Addition

Normal operation
Carrier drops to zero
Carrier frequency shifts
Information signal is distorted

For ideal AM, which of the following is true?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Multiplexing
Modulation
Duplexing
Linear mixing

The voltage ratio

Decibels
The modulation index
The mix factor

If m is greater than 1, what happens?

a.
b.
c.
d.

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 3

MODULATION
1.

The ratio of the peak modulating signal

voltage to the peak carrier voltage is referred
to as
a.
b.
c.
d.

100. Noise generated within electronic equipment

by either passive or active components.

Multiplication
Division
Square root

m=0
m=1
m<1
m>1

The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the

shape of the modulating signal and is called
the
a.
b.
c.
d.

Trace
Waveshape
Envelope
Carrier variation

10. Overmodulation occurs when

a.
b.
c.
d.

Vm > Vc
Vm < Vc
Vm = Vc
Vm = Vc = 0

11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an

AM wave on an oscilloscope are 2.8 and 0.3.
The percentage of modulation is
a. 10.7 percent
b. 41.4 percent
c. 80.6 percent
d. 93.3 percent
12. The new signals produced by modulation are
called
a.

Spurious emissions

b.
c.
d.

Harmonics
Intermodulation products
Sidebands

13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 3.5-kHz

sine wave. The LSB and USB are, respectively,
a.
b.
c.
d.

873 and 887 kHz

876.5 and 883.5 kHz
883.5 and 876.5 kHz
887 and 873 kHz

14. A display of signal

frequency is called the
a.
b.
c.
d.

amplitude

versus

Time domain
Frequency spectrum
Amplitude spectrum
Frequency domain

15. Most of the power in an AM signal is in the

a.
b.
c.
d.

Carrier
Upper sideband
Lower sideband
Modulating signal

16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5 W. The

percentage of modulation
is 80 percent.
The total sideband power is
a.
b.
c.
d.

0.8 W
1.6 W
2.5 W
4.0 W

17. For
100
percent
modulation,
what
percentage of power is in each sideband?
a.
b.
c.
d.

25 percent
33.3 percent
50 percent
100 percent

18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of

modulation of 88. The carrier power is 440 W.
The power in one sideband is
a.
b.
c.
d.

85 W
110 W
170 W
610 W

19. An AM transmitter antenna current is

measured with no modulation and found to

be 2.6 amperes. With modulation, the current

rises to 2.9 amperes. The percentage of
modulation is
a.
b.
c.
d.

35 percent
70 percent
42 percent
89 percent

20. What is the carrier power in the problem

above if the antenna resistance is 75 ohms?
a.
b.
c.
d.

195 W
631 W
507 W
792 W

21. In an AM signal, the transmitted information is

contained within the
a.
b.
c.
d.

Carrier
Modulating signal
Sidebands
Envelope

22. An AM signal without the carrier is called a(n)

a.
b.
c.
d.

SSB
Vestigial sideband
FM signal
DSB

23. What is the minimum AM signal needed to

transmit information?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Carrier plus sidebands

Carrier only
One sideband
Both sidebands

24. The main advantage of SSB over standard AM

or DSB is
a.
b.
c.
d.

Less spectrum space is used

Simpler equipment is used
Less power is consumed
A higher modulation percentage

25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to use?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Upper
Lower
Neither
Depends upon the use

26. The typical audio modulating frequency

range used in radio and telephone
communications is
a.
b.
c.
d.

50 Hz to 5 kHz
50 Hz to 15 kHz
100 Hz to 10 kHz
300 Hz to 3 kHz

27. An AM signal with a maximum modulating

signal frequency of 4.5 kHz has a total
bandwidth of
a.
b.
c.
d.

4.5 kHz
6.75 kHz
9 kHz
18 kHz

28. The modulation system used for telegraphy is

a.
b.
c.
d.

Frequency-shift keying
Two-tone modulation
Pulse-code modulation
Single-tone modulation

29. The process of translating a signal, with or

without modulation, to a higher or lower
frequency for processing is called
a.
b.
c.
d.

Frequency multiplication
Frequency division
Frequency shift
Frequency conversion

30. Frequency translation is carried out by a

circuit called a
a.
b.
c.
d.

Translator
Converter
Balanced modulator
Local oscillator

31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with a local

oscillator of 5 MHz.
A filter selects the
difference signal. The output is
a.
b.
c.
d.

1.8 MHz
3.2 MHz
5 MHz
6.8 MHz

32. One type of pulse communications system

uses pulse that appear as a group, and which
vary in number according to the loudness of

the voice.
called
a.
b.
c.
d.

This type of pulse modulation is

Pulse duration modulation

Pulse amplitude modulation
Pulse code modulation
Pulse position modulation

33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400-V peak-topeak signal across a 52- antenna load. The
PEP output is
a.
b.
c.
d.

192.2 W
384.5 W
769.2 W
3077 W

34. The output power of an SSB transmitter is

usually expressed in terms of
a.
b.
c.
d.

Average power
RMS power
Peak-to-peak power
Peak envelope power

35. The letter-number designation B8E is a form of

modulation also known as
a.
b.
c.
d.

Pilot-carrier system
Independent sideband emission
Lincomlex
Vestigial sideband transmission

36. Amplitude modulation is the same as

a.
b.
c.
d.

Linear mixing
Analog multiplication
Signal summation
Multiplexing

37. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the

AM wave is supplied by a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.

Tuned circuit
Transformer
Capacitor
Inductor

38. Amplitude modulation can be produced by

a.
b.
c.
d.

Having the carrier vary a resistance

Having the modulating signal vary a
capacitance
Varying the carrier frequency
Varying the gain of an amplifier

39. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier

amplitude with the modulating signal by
passing it through an attenuator work on the
principle of
a.
b.
c.
d.

Rectification
Resonance
Variable resistance
Absorption

40. The component used to produce AM at very

high frequencies is a
a.
b.
c.
d.

Varactor
Thermistor
Cavity resonator
PIN diode

41. Amplitude modulation generated at a very

low voltage or power amplitude is known as
a.
b.
c.
d.

High-level modulation
Low-level modulation
Collector modulation
Minimum modulation

42. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of

48 V. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the
modulating signal for 100 percent modulation
is
a.
b.
c.
d.

24 V
48 V
96 V
120 V

43. A collector-modulated transmitter has a

supply voltage of 24 V and collector current
of 0.5 A.
The modulator power for 100
percent modulation is
a.
b.
c.
d.

6W
12 W
18 W
24 W

44. The circuit that recovers the original

modulating information from an AM signal is
known as a
a.
b.
c.
d.

Modulator
Demodulator
Mixer
Crystal set

45. The most commonly

demodulator is the
a.
b.
c.
d.

used

amplitude

Diode mixer
Balanced modulator
Envelope detector
Crystal filter

46. A circuit that generates the upper and lower

sidebands but no carrier is called a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amplitude modulator
Diode detector
Class C amplifier
Balanced modulator

47. The inputs to a balanced modulator are 1

MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The outputs are
a.
b.
c.
d.

500 kHz
2.5 MHz
1.5 MHz
Both a and b

48. A widely used balanced modulator is called

the
a.
b.
c.
d.

Diode bridge circuit

Full-wave bridge rectifier
Lattice modulator
Balanced bridge modulator

49. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like

a.
b.
c.
d.

Variable resistors
Switches
Rectifiers
Variable capacitors

50. The output of a balanced modulator is

a.
b.
c.
d.

AM
FM
SSB
DSB

51. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596

IC balanced modulator is a
a.
b.
c.
d.

Differential amplifier
Rectifier
Bridge
Constant current source

52. The most commonly

generators uses
a.
b.
c.
d.

used

filter

in

SSB

LC networks
Mechanical resonators
Crystals
RC networks and op amps

53. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal is a

a.
b.
c.
d.

Series resonant circuit

Parallel resonant circuit
Neither a nor b
Both a and b

54. A crystal lattice filter has crystal frequencies of

27.5 and 27.502 MHz. The bandwidth is
approximately
a.
b.
c.
d.

2 kHz
3kHz
27.501 MHz
55.502 MHz

55. An SSB generator has a sideband filter

centered at 3.0 MHz. The modulating signal is
3 kHz. To produce both upper and lower
sidebands, the following carrier frequencies
must be produced:
a.
b.
c.
d.

2.7 and 3.3 MHz

3.3 and 3.6 MHz
2997 and 3003 kHz
3000 and 3003 kHz

56. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one

sideband is canceled out due to
a.
b.
c.
d.

Phase shift
Sharp selectivity
Carrier suppression
Phase inversion

57. A balanced modulator used to demodulate

a SSB signal is called a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.

Transponder
Product detector
Converter
Modulator

58. Frequency translation is done with a circuit

called a
a.

Summer

b.
c.
d.

Multiplier
Filter
Mixer

59. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In down

conversion, which of the following mixer
output signals is selected?
a.
b.
c.
d.

fo
fm
fo fm
fo + fm

60. Mixing for frequency conversion is the same

as
a.
b.
c.
d.

Rectification
AM
Linear summing
Filtering

61. Which of the following can be used as a

mixer?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Balanced modulator
FET
Diode modulator
All the above

62. The desired output from a mixer is usually

selected with a
a.
b.
c.
d.

Phase-shift circuit
Crystal filter
Resonant circuit
Transformer

63. The amount of frequency deviation from the

carrier center frequency in an FM transmitter
is proportional to what characteristic of the
modulating signal?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amplitude
Frequency
Phase
Shape

64. Both FM and PM are types of what kind of

modulation?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amplitude
Phase
Angle
Duty cycle

65. If the amplitude of the modulating signal

decreases, the carrier deviation
a.
b.
c.
d.

Increases
Decreases
Remains constant
Both b and c

66. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while what

characteristic of the modulating signal is
changing?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Shape
Phase
Frequency
Amplitude

67. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM signal

occurs at

c.
d.

72. Which of the following pulse modulation

systems is analog?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Delta
Differential PCM
PWM
PCM

73. Which of the following is not a major benefit

of FM over AM?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Greater efficiency
Noise immunity
Capture effect
Lower complexity and cost

74. The primary disadvantage of FM is its

a. Zero crossing points
b. Peak positive amplitude
c. Peak negative amplitude
d. Peak positive or negative amplitudes
68. A 100-MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4kHz signal. The modulation index is
a.
b.
c.
d.

5
8
12.5
20

69. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier is 2

kHz by a maximum modulating signal of 400
Hz. The deviation ratio is
a.
b.
c.
d.

0.2
5
8
40

70. According the Nyquist theorem, the sampling

rate that can be used in a PCM system is
__________ the highest audio frequency.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Once
Eight times
Twice
Thrice

71. SSB transmission requires only __________ of the

bandwidth for a DSBFC
a.
b.

2/3

a.
b.
c.
d.

Higher cost and complexity

Excessive use of spectrum space
Noise susceptibility
Lower efficiency

75. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal

dominating a weaker signal on a common
frequency is referred to as the
a.
b.
c.
d.

Capture effect
Blot out
Quieting factor
Domination syndrome

76. If the plate supply voltage for a platemodulated class C amplifier is E, the
maximum plate-cathode voltage could be
almost as high as
a.
b.
c.
d.

4E
3E
2E
E

77. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following

the modulated stage must be
a.
b.
c.
d.

Linear devices
Harmonic devices
Class C amplifiers
Nonlinear devices

78. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM

wave is suppressed, the percentage power
saving will be

84. In the stabilized reactance modulator AFC

system,
a.

a.
b.
c.
d.

50
150
100
66.66

b.
c.

79. Leak-type bias is used in a plate-modulated

class C amplifier to
a.
b.
c.
d.

Prevent tuned circuit damping

Prevent excessive grid current
Prevent overmodulation
Increase the bandwidth

d.

85. In the spectrum of a frequency-modulated

wave
a.

80. The output stage of a television transmitter is

most likely to be a
a.
b.
c.
d.

Plate-modulated class C amplifier

Grid-modulated class C amplifier
Screen-modulated class C amplifier
Grid-modulated class A amplifier

81. The modulation index of an AM wave is

changed from 0 to 1. The transmitted power
is
a.
b.
c.
d.

Unchanged
Halved
Doubled
Increased by 50 percent

82. One of the advantages of base modulation

over collector modulation of a transistor class
C amplifier is
a.
b.
c.
d.

The lower modulating power required

Higher power output per transistor
Better efficiency
Better linearity

83. A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two

sine waves with modulation indices of 0.3 and
0.4; the total modulation index
a.
b.
c.
d.

1
cannot be calculated unless the phase
relations are known
0.5
0.7

The discriminator must have a fast time

constant to prevent demodulation
The higher the discriminator frequency,
the better the oscillator frequency
stability
The discriminator frequency must not be
too low, or the system will fail
Phase modulation is converted into FM
by the equalizer circuit

b.
c.
d.

The carrier frequency disappears when

the modulation index is large
The amplitude of any sideband depends
on the modulation index
The total number of sidebands depends
on the modulation index
The carrier frequency cannot disappear

86. The
difference
between
frequency modulation
a.
b.
c.
d.

phase

and

Is purely theoretical because they are

the same in practice
Is too great to make the two systems
compatible
Lies in the poorer audio response of
phase modulation
Lies in the different definitions of the
modulation index

87. Indicate the false statement regarding the

Armstrong modulation system.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The system is basically phase, not

frequency, modulation
AFC is not needed, as a crystal oscillator
is used
Frequency multiplication must be used
Equalization is unnecessary

88. An FM signal with a modulation index mf is

passed through a frequency tripler. The wave
in the output of the tripler will have a
modulation index of
a.
b.
c.
d.

mf/3
mf
3mf
9mf

89. An FM signal with a deviation is passed

through a mixer, and has its frequency
reduced fivefold. The deviation in the output
of the mixer is
a.
b.
c.
d.

5
indeterminate
/5

90. A pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise

immunity by
a.
b.
c.
d.

Boosting the bass frequencies

Amplifying the higher audio frequencies
Pre-amplifying the whole audio band
Converting the phase modulation to FM

91. Since noise phase-modulates the FM wave, as

the noise sideband frequency approaches
the carrier frequency, the noise amplitude
a.
b.
c.
d.

Remains constant
Decreased
Increased
Equalized

92. When the modulating frequency is doubled,

the modulation index is halved, and the
modulating voltage remains constant. The
modulation system is
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amplitude modulation
Phase modulation
Frequency modulation
Any one of the three

93. Indicate which one of the following is not an

advantage of FM over AM
a.
b.
c.
d.

Better noise immunity is provided

Lower bandwidth is required
The transmitted power is more useful
Less modulating power is required

94. One of the following is an indirect way of

generating FM. This is the
a.
b.
c.
d.

Reactance FET modulator

Varactor diode modulator
Armstrong modulator
Reactance bipolar transistor modulator

95. Indicate the false statement regarding the

advantages of SSB over double-sideband,
full-carrier AM.
a.
b.
c.
d.

More channel space is available

Transmitter circuits must be more stable,
giving better reception
The signal is more noise-resistant
Much less power is required for the same
signal strength

96. When the modulation index of an AM wave is

doubled, the antenna current is also doubled.
The AM system being used is
a.
b.
c.
d.

A3H
A5C
A3J
A3

d.

There are more balanced modulators;

therefore the carrier is suppressed better

98. The most commonly

generation are
a.
b.
c.
d.

used filters in

SSB

Mechanical
RC
LC
Low-pass

99. Indicate in which one of the following only

one sideband is transmitter
a.
b.
c.
d.

A3H
A3
A3B
A5C

100. A 3A modulation is sometimes used to

97. Indicate which one of the following
advantages of the phase cancellation
method of obtaining SSB over the filter
method is false
a.
b.
c.

Switching from one sideband to the

other is simpler
It is possible to generate SSB at any
frequency
SSB with lower audio frequencies present
can be generated

a.
b.
c.
d.

Allow the receiver to have a frequency

synthesizer
Simplify the frequency stability problem in
reception
Reduce the power that must be
transmitted
Reduce the bandwidth required for
transmission