IMPORTANT POINTS OF TELANGANA

1950: Telangana became Hyderabad State.

1952: First elections held in Hyderabad State.
Nov 1, 1956: Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved
out of Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Teluguspeaking people.
1969: 'Jai Telangana' movement for separate statehood to Telangana
began. Over 300 people killed in police firing.
1972: 'Jai Andhra' movement began in coastal Andhra for separate
Andhra State.
1975: Presidential order issued to implement Six Point Formula,
providing some safeguards to Telangana.
1997: BJP supported demand for Telangana state; in 1998 election, it
promised 'one vote two states'.
2001: K. Chandrasekhara Rao floated Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS)
to revive Telangana movement.
2004: TRS fought elections in alliance with Congress, wins five Lok
Sabha and 26 assembly seats. UPA includes Telangana issue in
common minimum programme.
2008: TDP announced support for Telangana demand.
2009: TRS contested elections in alliance with TDP but its tally came
down to two Lok Sabha and 10 assembly seats.
Sep 2: Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy died in helicopter crash,
triggering political uncertainty.

Oct 2009: Chandrasekhara Rao began fast-unto-death for Telangana

state.
Dec 9: Centre announced decision to initiate the process for formation
of Telangana state.
Dec 23: Following protests in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions
(Seemandhra) and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators,
centre put the process on hold citing need for consensus.
Feb 3, 2010: Centre set up five-member Srikrishna committee to look
into Telangana issue.
Dec 2010: Srikrishna committee submitted its report, suggested six
options
July 30, 2013: UPA coordination panel and Congress Working
Committee decided to carve out Telangana state. Protests in
Seemandhra.
Oct 3, 2013: Union cabinet approved the proposal to divide Andhra
Pradesh. A Group of Ministers (GoM) was constituted to prepare the
roadmap after consultations with all stakeholders.
Oct 25, 2013: Chief Minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy raised banner of
revolt against Congress leadership. He wrote letters to president and
prime minister urging them to stop bifurcation process.

Dec 5, 2013: Union cabinet approved draft Andhra Pradesh

Reorganisation Bill 2013 prepared on the basis of recommendations by
the GoM. Bill sent to President Pranab Mukherjee with a request to
make a reference to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views
under Article 3 of the Constitution.
Dec 9: The President gave time till Jan 23 to the state legislature to
give its views.

Dec 12, 2013: Bill brought to Hyderabad in a special aircraft and amid
tight security.
Dec 16, 2013: Bill introduced in both houses of state legislature amid
clashes between Seemandhra and Telangana lawmakers.
Jan 8, 2014: After disruptions for several days, debate finally began
on the bill in assembly and council.
Jan 21, 2014: State government sought four more weeks to debate
the bill. The President gave one week.
Jan 27, 2014: Chief Minister Kiran Kumar Reddy gave notice to
assembly speaker for a resolution to reject the bill.
Jan 30, 2014: Amid ruckus, both houses of state legislature passed by
a voice vote official resolutions, rejecting the bill and appealing to the
President not to send the bill to parliament.
Feb 5, 2014: Chief minister staged sit-in in Delhi to oppose
bifurcation.
Feb 7, 2014: Union cabinet cleared the bill and rejected Seemandhra
leaders' demand to make Hyderabad a union territory. Bill sent to the
President for his approval to table it in parliament.
Feb 11, 2013: Congress expelled six MPs from Seemandhra for
moving no-confidence motion against government.
Feb 13, 2014: Bill introduced in Lok Sabha amid clashes between MPs
from Seemandhra and Telangana. L. Rajagopal, a MP from
Seemandhra, used pepper spray in the house. Speaker suspended 16
MPs including Rajagopal for rest of the session.
Feb 18, 2014: Lok Sabha passes Telangana bill
History of Telangana explained in 10 points

Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) chef K Chandrasekhara Rao resigned

as a member of Lok Sabha from the Medak constituency in order to
become the first Chief Minister of India's 29th state, Telangana.

1. The name Telangana is derived from the word Telugu Angana, which
means a place where Telugu is spoken. The Nizams (1724-1948) used
the word Telangana to differentiate it from the Marathi speaking
regions of their kingdom
2. From 230 BC to 220 AD, the Satvahanas ruled this region between
Krishna and Godaveri rivers.

3. The region experienced a Golden Age, in between 1083-1203, under

the reign of the Kakatiyas who established Warangal as their capital

4. In 1309 AD, Allaudin Khilji's general Malik Kafur attacked Warangal,

which led to the decline of the Kakatiyas. The region came under the
Delhi Sultanate till 1687, when Golconda (near Hyderabad) fell to
Aurangzeb
5. In 1724, Nizam-ul-mulk Asif Jah (Asif Jahin Nizam dynasty)
established his independence and made Hyderabad the capital of the
empire in 1769.
6. In 1799, the British sign an alliance with Nizam Asif Jah. The Nizam
ceded coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions to the British.
7. The region remained under the British and the Nizams till 1946, the
year of Telangana rebellion, which was quelled by the Nizam's Razakars
(mercenaries)
8. After India's independence in 1947, the last Nizam of Hyderabad,
Osman Ali Khan, refused to join the Indian Union despite repeated
requests from Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel. The Indian army
annexed Hyderabad and the Nizam surrendered to Sardar Patel on
17th September, 1948. Hyderabad State accedes to the Indian Union.
9. In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission was
appointed to recommend the reorganisation of state boundaries. The
panel was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana with
Andhra state, despite their common language. With the intervention of
the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Telangana and Andhra states
were merged on November 1, 1956. Nehru termed the merger a
"matrimonial alliance having provisions for divorce".
10. In 2013, the UPA government headed by Manmohan Singhclears
the formation of Telangana. On June 2, 2104, K Chandrasekhar Rao
takes oath as the first chief minister of Telangana, India's 29th state.

Telangana was a region in the present state of Andhra Pradesh

and formerly was part of Hyderabad state, which was ruled by

Nizam. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions

namely, Telengana, Coastal Andhra region and Rayalaseema.
The Telangana region has an area of 114,840 square kilometres
and a population of 35,286,757 (2011 census), which is 41.6%
of Andhra Pradesh state population. The Telangana region
comprise of 10 districts: Adilabad, Hyderabad, Khammam,
Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad,
Rangareddy, and Warangal. The Musi River, Krishna and
Godavari rivers fl ow through the region from west to east.

History of Telangana
When India became independent from the British Empire in
1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with
Indian Union and wanted to remain independent under the
special provisions given to princely states. He even asked for a
corridor, a passage from India. Rebellion had started throughout
the state against the Nizams rule and his army. The
Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17
September 1948, in an operation by the Indian Army called
Operation Polo.
When India became independent, Telugu-speaking people were
distributed in about 22 districts, 9 of them in the former
Nizams dominions of the princely state of Hyderabad, 12 in the
Madras Presidency (Northern Circars), and one in Frenchcontrolled Yanam.
The Central Government appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi,
as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950.
In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief
minister of Hyderabad State in the fi rst democratic election.
During this time there were violent agitations by some
Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and
to strictly implement rule by natives of Hyderabad.

Meanwhile, Telugu-speaking areas in the Northern Circars and

Rayalaseema regions were carved out of the erstwhile Madras
state on the fast unto death by Potti Sri Ramulu to create
Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital. Nehru chose
to ignore Sriramulus fast. On the 56th day of his fast unto
death, Sriramulu died and violence erupted. In December 1953,
the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to study
the creation of states on linguistic basis.[16] The States
Reorganization Commission (SRC) was not in favor of an
immediate merger of Telangana region with Andhra state,
despite their common language.
The people of Telangana had several concerns. The region had a
less-developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue
base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited alcoholic
beverages), which people of Telangana feared might be diverted
for use in Andhra. They feared that planned irrigation projects
on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefi t Telangana
proportionately, even though people of Telangana controlled the
headwaters of the rivers. It was feared that the people of
Andhra, who had access to higher standards of education under
the British rule, would have an unfair advantage in seeking
government and educational jobs.
The Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna
Rao, expressed his view that majority of Telangana people were
against the merger. He supported the Congress partys central
leadership decision to merge Telangana and Andhra despite
opposition in Telangana. Andhra state assembly passed a
resolution on 25 November 1955 to provide safeguards to
Telangana.
Telangana leaders did not believe the safeguards would work.
With lobbying from Andhra Congress leaders and with pressure
from the Central leadership of Congress party, an agreement
was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on

20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises

to safeguard Telanganas interests.
Following the Gentlemens agreement, the central government
established a unifi ed Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956. The
agreement provided reassurances to Telangana in terms of
power-sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and
distribution of expenses of various regions.
But within a few years, Andhra Pradesh was rocked by political
turmoil. Between 1969 and 1972, the state witnessed two
separate movements- Jai Telangana and Jai Andhra. The
Telangana leaders accused Andhra leaders of fl outing the
gentlemens agreement. Andhra leaders retaliated by saying
the Mulkis policy was discrimination against them. In 1919
the Nizam had issued a decree stating that only Mulkis, that is
people born in the state or those who had lived there for atleast
15 years, were eligible for public appointment in the state.
Domiciled Mulkis were also required to have an affi davit that
they would never return to their native places. After the merger,
the people of Hyderabad wanted this rule to be observed, while
the people of coastal Andhra and other parts of the state were
against it. The movement, which started with the demands of
safeguarding the interests of the people of the erstwhile
Hyderabad state, soon started demanding a separate state. On
January 10, 1973, presidents rule was imposed, but soon the
matter was resolved for the time being.
Why a Telangana State?
-The government has discriminated against the region by
providing a huge chunk of aid to private colleges (Junior as well
as Degree) in coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema with very little
to the private colleges in Telangana.
-While state level institutions are spread out in many districts of
coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema, in Telangana region they are
located only in the capital city Hyderabad. t is asserted that

indirect benefi ts in terms of employment and development of

the area around a state level institute/university are denied to
the 9 districts of Telangana while 4 state level institutions have
been located in one town (Tirupati) of district Chittoor in
Rayalaseema region.
-It is stated that there are four government medical colleges for
the four districts in Rayalseema,whereas there are only two
medical colleges for the 9 districts in Telangana(excluding
Hyderabad) and as a result, even students with a high rank
cannot get a seat. In nursing also, there are several colleges in
Rayalaseema whereas Telangana has only one college which
was established during the Nizam period.
-The government health facilities (Hospital Beds and Doctors)
per lac population are the highest in Rayalaseema region
followed by coastal Andhra region. Telangana region
particularly, excluding Hyderabad, is behind in these respects.
-Discrimination has ben done against Telangana in the
distribution of river waters, inadequate mechanisms to address
inter regional disputes over river water sharing and water use
and part diversion of river Godavari to coastal Andhra and river
Krishna to Rayalaseema to the detriment of the Telangana
region.
-It is claimed that cultural domination by coastal Andhra has
aff ected the development of distinctive Telangana culture with
lack of respect for Telangana writers, poets, artists and other
literary fi gures.
-It is claimed that festivals like Bathukamma, Bonalu, Dashera,
Deepavali, Holi, Peera Panduga(Muslim festival), Jataras
(festival of tribals and Dalits) are celebrated in Telangana but
not in coastal Andhra and not given recognition in the state.

-They argue that several agreements and promises made and

beginning with those in the Gentlemens Agreement have not
been adhered to.
-They also alleged that Telangana chief ministers represented
the state for only 10.6 years out of over fi ve decades of its
existence, with no chief minister from the region being in power
continuously for more than 2 1/2 years, while Seema-Andhra
region held it for 42 years.

Events leading to Bifurcation

-In 1999, Congress demanded creation of Telangana state.
Congress was then smarting under crushing defeats in
successive elections to the state Assembly and Parliament with
the ruling Telugu Desam Party in an unassailable position.
-Yet another chapter opened in the struggle for Telangana when
Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhar Rao, who was seething over denial
of Cabinet berth in the Chandrababu Naidu government, walked
out of TDP and launched Telangana Rashtra Samiti on 27 April
2001.
-Following pressure applied by Telangana Congress leaders, the
Central Working Committee of Congress in 2001 sent a
resolution to the then NDA government seeking constitution of a
second States Re-organisation Commission to look into
Telangana state demand, which was rejected by the then Union
Home Minister L K Advani.
-TRS started gradually building the movement for a separate
state.
-Congress forged an electoral alliance with TRS by promising to
create Telangana state.

-Congress came to power in 2004, both in the state and at the

Centre, and TRS became part of the coalition governments at
both places.
-Protesting delay in carving out the separate state, TRS quit the
coalition governments in the state and at the Centre in
December 2006 and continued an independent fi ght.
-In October 2008, TDP changed its stance and declared support
for bifurcation of the state.
-TRS launched an indefi nite hunger strike on 29 November 2009
demanding creation of Telangana. The Centre budged and came
out with an announcement on 9 December 2009 that it was
initiating the process for formation of Telangana state.
-But the Centre announced on 23 December 2009 that it was
putting Telangana issue on hold. This fanned protests across
Telangana with some students ending their lives for a separate
state.
-The Centre then constituted a fi ve-member Committee on 3
February 2010, headed by former judge Srikrishna, to look into
statehood demand. The Committee submitted its report to the
Centre on 30 December 2010.
-Telagana region witnessed a series of agitations like the Million
March, Chalo Assembly and Sakalajanula Samme (general
strike) in 2011-12 while MLAs belonging to diff erent parties quit
from the House.
-With its MPs from Telangana upping the ante, Congress made
Union Home Ministry to convene an all-party meeting on
December 28, 2012 to fi nd an amicable solution to the crisis.

Current Scenario

-The Lok Sabha passed the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act,

2014, which bifurcates the State of Andhra Pradesh into
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, on 18 th February 2014 and on
20 th February 2014 by the Rajya Sabha. The President of India
attested the bill on 1 s t March 2014. The appointed day for the
formation of the new states was 2 nd June 2014.
Hyderabad will serve as the common capital for both states for
10 years. Thereafter, it will be in Telangana. However, the
Seemandhra capital is expected to come up in a couple of years
most probably between Guntur and Vijayawada (two major
towns separated by about 35kms). Till then, the government
buildings in Hyderabad will be shared by the two states.

Hyderabad State (194856)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about a State of the Indian Union 19481956. For other
uses, see Hyderabad (disambiguation).

Hyderabad State (1948 1956)

State of India

1948
1956

1956
map
of Southern
India showing Hyderabad state
in yellowish green. After the
States reorganization in 1956,
regions west of the red and blue
lines
merged
with Bombay and Mysore
statesrespectively
and
the
remaining part (Telangana) was
merged with Andhra state to
form Andhra Pradesh.
History
- Hyderabad
State
formed fromHyderabad
Princely State

194
8

- Reorganized
renamed Andhra
Pradesh

and

195
6

States of India since 1947

Hyderabad state until 1956
Hyderabad State was a state in Independent India, formed after the
accession of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union on
24 November 1949. It existed from 1948 to 1956.
Following the States Reorganisation Act Hyderabad State was merged
withAndhra State in 1956 and renamed Andhra Pradesh.[1]
Contents
[hide]

1 History

2 Military Governor

3 Rajpramukh

4 First Appointed Chief Minister

5 First Elected Chief Minister

6 Districts of Hyderabad State

7 Merger with Andhra State

8 Chief Ministers of Hyderabad State

9 References
History[edit]
Main article: Operation Polo
Operation Polo, the code name of the Hyderabad "Police Action"[2]
[3]
was a military operation in September 1948 in which the Indian
Armed Forcesinvaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam,
annexing the state into the Indian Union.
At the time of the Partition of India, the princely states of India, who in
principle had self-government within their own territories, were subject
tosubsidiary alliances with the British, giving them control of their
external relations. In the Indian Independence Act 1947 the British
abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the option of
opting for full independence. However, by 1948 almost all
had acceded to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that
of Hyderabad, where the Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII, a Muslim
ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose
independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army
recruited from the Muslim aristocracy, known as the Razakars.[4]:224 The
Nizam was also beset by the Telengana uprising, which he was unable
to subjugate.[4]:224
The Indian government, anxious to avoid what it termed
aBalkanization of what had been the Indian Empire, was determined on
the integration of Hyderabad into the new Indian Union. [4]:223 Amidst
atrocities by the Razakars, the Indian Home Minister Sardar
Pateldecided to annex Hyderabad[5] in what was termed a "police
action". The operation itself took five days, in which the Razakars were
defeated easily.[6]
The operation led to massive violence on communal lines. The Indian
prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission known as
the Sunderlal Committee. Its report, which was not released until 2013,
concluded that "as a conservative estimate...27,000 to 40,000 people
had lost their lives during and after the police action." [6] Other scholars
have put the figure at 200,000, or even higher. [7]
Military Governor[edit]

Major General El Edroos (at right) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad
State Forces to Major General (later General and Army Chief) J. N.
Chauhuri atSecunderabad.
After the Annexation into the Indian Union, Major General J. N.
Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor till
December 1949.
The state witnessed Mulkhi agitation in 1952 by the locals after a
government jobs meant for the locals were given to non-locals.
Rajpramukh[edit]
Hyderabad State had its last Nizam, HEH Mir Osman Ali Khan (b. 1886
-d. 1967) asRajpramukh from 26 January 1950 to 31 October 1956.
First Appointed Chief Minister[edit]
After the Annexation of Hyderabad State into India, M. K. Vellodi was
appointed the Chief Minister of the state on 26 January 1950. He was a
Senior Civil servant in the Government of India. He administered the
state with the help of bureaucrats fromMadras state and Bombay state.
The Nizam was given the ceremonial position of "Raj Pramukh" or
"Governor".
First Elected Chief Minister[edit]
In the first State Assembly election in India, 1952, Dr. Burgula
Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State.
During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to
send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement
'Mulki-rules'(Local jobs for locals only), which was part of Hyderabad
state law since 1919.[8]

Districts of Hyderabad State[edit]

Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts,
grouped into four divisions:

Aurangabad
Division included Aurangabad, Beed, Nanded,
and Parbhani districts;

Gulbarga Division included Bidar District, Gulbarga, Osmanabad,

and Raichur District;

Gulshanabad
Division or
Medak
Division
included Atraf-iBaldah (Hyderabad), Mahbubnagar district, Medak district,Nalgonda
district (Nalgundah), and Nizamabad districts, and

Warangal
Division included Adilabad, Karimnagar,
and Warangal districts (present Khammam district was part of
Warangal district).

Merger with Andhra State[edit]

In 1956 during the Reorganisation of the Indian States based along
linguistic lines, the Telugu-speaking region of the state of Hyderabad
State was merged with Andhra State. The Marathi speaking region was
merged with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore
State.
The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an
immediate merger of Telugu speaking Telanganaregion of Hyderabad
state with Andhra state, despite their common language. Para 378 of
the SRC report said One of the principal causes of opposition of
Vishalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the
educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be
swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal
areas.
Andhra state and Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra
Pradesh on 1 November 1956, after providing safeguards to Telangana
in the form of Gentlemen's agreement. But in June 2014, Telangana reemerged as a separate state.Hyderabad City will continue to be the
capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for 10 years.
Chief Ministers of Hyderabad State[edit]

Major General Choudhary - Military Governor 1948-1949

M. K. Vellodi - 1950-1953 (appointed by Government of India)

Burgula Ramakrishna Rao - 1953-56 (elected)

A historical photo of Razakars in Telangana, circa

1948
The Razakars of the erstwhile Nizam's state of Hyderabad were
responsible for the massacre, rape and forcible conversions of
hundreds of thousands of Hindus in the Deccan before the "Police
action" liberated Hyderabad state and integrated it into the Indian
Union.

Some of the Razakars fled to Pakistan. Most of them shamelessly

remained in India and were never brought to justice - yet another
accomplishment of perverted Nehruvian secularism. They just
regrouped and rebranded themselves as the MIM, the party led by the
bigoted, seditious, bloodthirsty and genocidal Owaisis.
It is these modern day Razakars who are being
appeased, mollycoddled and encouraged by the government of
Telangana - a state achieved due to the sacrifices of thousands of
activists, whose martyrdom is insulted and betrayed by their
government's shameful collaboration with Jihadi traitors.
Is this what KCR's daughter and Lok Sabha M.P K. Kavitha meant by her
idiotic and seditious statement to the effect that "Kashmir and
Telangana were both annexed by India".
Her seditious poison violates the memory of these Telangana martyrs
who were massacred by the Razakars.
This included a few Hyderabadi Muslims as well - patriots, who
supported accession to the Indian Union. One such prominent person
was the journalist Shoaibullah Khan, whose hands the Razakars cut
off as punishment for writing in favour of India.

Telangana: a brief history

1952
First elections held in Hyderabad State.
States Reorganisation Commission, 1953
1969
'Jai Telangana' movement for separate statehood to Telangana began.
Over 300 people killed in police firing.
1997
BJP supported demand for Telangana state; in 1998 election, it
promised 'one vote two states'.
2001
K Chandrashekhar Rao formed the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) to
revive the Telangana movement. He quit the Membership of AP
Legislative Assembly and the post of Deputy Speaker of AP Legislature
while floating the Party.
2009
TRS contested elections in alliance with TDP but its tally came down to
two Lok Sabha and 10 assembly seats.
Feb 3, 2010
Centre set up five-member Srikrishna Committee headed by Retd. SC
judge BN Srikrishna to look into Telangana issue.

With the Lok Sabha passing the bill for bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh
on Feb 18, 2014, decks have been cleared for formation of Telangana
as the 29th state in Union of India. Following are the major events in
the history of Telangana since 1948.
1948
India's 29th State
Indian Army annexes princely state of Hyderabad, which comprised
different regions including Telangana.
1950
Telangana became Hyderabad State.

SRC was a body constituted by the Central Government of India in

1953 to recommend the reorganization of state boundaries. In 1955,
after nearly 2 years of study, the Commission recommended that
India's state boundaries should be reorganized to form 16 states and 3
union territories.
1956
Nov 1: Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved out of
Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Teluguspeaking people.

"Jai Andhra" movement began in Coastal Andhra for creation of a

separate Andhra state following a Supreme Court order upholding
"Mulki" rules (which reportedly barred those from non-Telangana
regions to compete for posts in Hyderabad).
1972
1975
Presidential order issued to implement Six Point Formula, providing
some safeguards to Telangana.
2004
TRS fought elections in alliance with Congress, wins five Lok Sabha and
26 assembly seats. They came to power in AP on the back of a strong
discontent against the Chandrababu Naidu-led TDP government.
The Congress-led UPA Government at the Centre included the
Telangana issue in its Common Minimum Programme (CMP) in 2004.
However, there was not much forward movement on the statehood
issue in the next few years.
2008
TDP (Telugu Desam Party) announced support for the Telangana
demand.
Chief minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy died in a helicopter crash,
triggering political uncertainty and subsequently led to the resurrection
of TRS and its Telangana agenda.

Sep 2, 2009 Chandrasekhara Rao (TRS President) began fast-untodeath for formation of a separate Telangana state.
Oct 2009
The Centre (under the then Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram)
announced decision to initiate the process for formation of Telangana
state.
Dec 9, 2009
Following protests in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions (Seemandhra)
and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre put the
process on hold citing need for consensus.
Dec 23, 2009
Dec 2010
Srikrishna committee submitted its report, suggested six options:
keeping the State united was its preferred option.
It opined that the Telangana State was economically viable but
preferred maintaining the status quo keeping in view the larger
scheme of things.
It gave a supplementary note in a sealed cover reportedly detailing the
law and order implications, including the possible escalation of
extremism.
Srikrishna Committee, 2010
UPA coordination panel and Congress Working Committee decided to
carve out Telangana state. Protests in Seemandhra.
July 30, 2013
October 2013
Oct 3: Union cabinet approved the proposal to divide Andhra Pradesh.
A Group of Ministers (GoM) headed by Sushil Kumar Shinde was
constituted to prepare the roadmap after consultations with all
stakeholders.

MAIN DRAWBACKS OF GoM: It did not include key Ministers like

Water Resources, Power and HRD, and did not consist of a single
Minister from the state.
Oct 25: Chief minister N Kiran Kumar Reddy raised banner of revolt
against Congress leadership. He wrote letters to president and prime
minister urging them to stop bifurcation process.
Dec 5: Union cabinet approved draft Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation
Bill 2013 prepared on the basis of recommendations by the GoM. Bill
sent to President Pranab Mukherjee with a request to make a reference
to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views under Article 3 of the
Constitution.
Dec 9: The President gave time till Jan 23 to the state legislature to
give its views.
Dec 23: Following protests in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions
(Seemandhra) and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators,
centre put the process on hold citing need for consensus.
Dec, 2013
Jan 8, 2014: After disruptions for several days, debate finally began
on the bill in assembly and council.
Jan 21, 2014: State government sought four more weeks to debate
the bill. The President gave one week.
Jan 27, 2014: Chief minister Kiran Kumar Reddy gave notice to
assembly speaker for a resolution to reject the bill.
Jan 30, 2014: Amid ruckus, both houses of state legislature passed by a
voice vote official resolutions, rejecting the bill and appealing to the
President not to send the bill to parliament.
January 2014
February 2014

Feb 5, 2014: Chief minister staged sit-in in Delhi to oppose bifurcation.

Feb 7, 2014: Union cabinet cleared the bill and rejected Seemandhra
leaders' demand to make Hyderabad a union territory. Bill sent to the
President for his approval to table it in parliament.
Feb 11, 2013: Congress expelled six MPs from Seemandhra for moving
no-confidence motion against government.
Feb 13, 2014: Bill introduced in Lok Sabha amid clashes between MPs
from Seemandhra and Telangana. L Rajagopal, a MP from Seemandhra,
used pepper spray in the house. Speaker suspended 16 MPs including
Rajagopal for rest of the session.
Feb 18, 2014: Lok Sabha passes Telangana bill.
June 2, 2014: Appointed day for bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh.
Telangana, the 29th state of the Union will come into existence.
June 2014
"Both regions will benefit"
M. Kodandaram, chairman, Telangana Joint Action Committee (JAC), is
of the view that:
The division of the State is in the best interests of Telangana and
Andhra as both regions will benefit because of a shift in the focus of
development.
Real estate in and around Hyderabad constituted the sole development
parameter of the leadership in the integrated State, which destroyed
livelihood opportunities of the people. The benefits were cornered only
by the propertied class in the process.
After the division the focus would shift to the economic needs such as
agriculture and the economic situation in both regions would improve.
Also, real estate in the coastal and Rayalaseema districts would pick

up.
The movement for Telangana had activated the middle class, which
otherwise rarely showed any concern for other sections of people.
"Threat to Federalism"
Prakash Karat:
The linguistic basis is the main principle on which the federal system
operates.
Federal structure functions on homogeneous, well-defined States
Breaking up of existing linguistic States & creation of smaller States
leads to weakening of the federal structure.
It will lead to the Centre dominating the States.
The powers and rights of the States will get weakened further if the
identity and role of linguistic States are weakened.
Prakash Karat, general secretary of the Communist Party of India
(Marxist) is of the view that:
The decision to form Telangana has been taken with electoral
calculations for the Lok Sabha polls, given the fact that the Congress
party has lost ground in the State as a whole.
The B.N. Srikrishna Committee which was set up to look into the issue,
had submitted its report on Telangana in January 2011. Two and a half
years passed before the Central government took a decision.
Strategic timing of the decision
Echos in other states
The Congress leadership and the Central government were well aware
of the demands for separate States and the agitation for them when
they took the decision on Telangana. After the bifurcation of Andhra
Pradesh, the demand for other states was bound to come up again.

For example, Maharashtra where there is a demand for Vidharbha,

West Bengal where Gorkhaland is being demanded, or in Assam where
the agitation for Bodoland has been going on.
1. Gorkha Janamukti Morcha (GJM), the single most powerful political
force in the Darjeeling Hills of West Bengal, is renewing its demand for
Gorkhaland - The demand for a separate State of Gorkhaland is the
oldest demand in the country; but it is being sidelined by the
Telangana movement.
2. In the wake of Telangana, Bodo groups have revived their movement
seeking the creation of a Bodoland. In Karbi Anglong Hill district, the
Centres decision has spurred a violent assertion for the creation of a
State comprising the twin hill districts of AssamKarbi Anglong and
Dima Hasao. Koch Rajbangsi groups, too, have announced an agitation
programme demanding Kamatapur State comprising 15 districts of
Assam and six districts of north Bengal. Some of these districts have
been claimed by the Bodoland movement too.

3. In the Vidarbha region, the creation of a separate State has been

demanded, saying that it is the only way to liberate it from the
debilitating grip of backwardness. Farming is a major source of
employment in the region. Of around 180 lakh hectares of arable land
there, more than two lakh ha has no access to irrigation. Of the
estimated two lakh suicides by farmers in Maharashtra, about 70 per
cent took place in Vidarbha.
4. A clutch of organisations and individuals that have for long
championed the cause of four States to be carved out of Uttar Pradesh
Harit Pradesh, Bundelkhand, Purvanchal and Awadh Pradeshhave
revived their demands in the context of the Telangana announcement.
Demand for other states: I
Demand for other states: II
Telangana: The road ahead

Hyderabad to be made the common capital of the two States,

Telangana and residuary Andhra Pradesh, for a period of 10 years.
It has been incorporated in the Bill that Telangana State will have 17 of
the 42 Lok Sabha seats and 119 of the 294 Assembly constituencies
until the next delimitation takes place.
Elaborate preparatory works relating to personnel, finance and
distribution of assets and liabilities remain to be done.
Paperwork: problematic and time consuming: It took 3 months for the
Govt. to create Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in Nov 2000.
Profile of Telangana
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4
Telengana is a newly constituted state in Southern region of India. A
major part of Telangana was part of princely state of Hyderabad
(Medak and Warangal Divisions), when it was ruled by Nizams under
British rule till 1947 and later until 1948. In 1956, Andhra Pradesh was
merged with Telangana region after dissolution of Hyderabad state and
Andhra Pradesh was formed. However, Telangana became the 29th
state of India on June 2, 2014.
The capital of Telangana state is Hyderabad and it comprises of 10
districts. Hyderabad will serve as the joint capital of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana for the next 10 years.

Bordering states include Odisha and Chhattisgarh to the

north, Maharashtra and Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh
towards the south and east. Major cities of Telangana are
Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad and Karimnagar.

History of Telangana
The history of Telangana is rife with political movements which led to
merger of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana region and much later the
formation of a separate state of Telangana.
After India Became independent in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad who
was a Muslim King desired Hyderabad State to remain independent
under special provisions given to princely states. On September 17,
1948, in an operation led by Indian Army - that is, Operation Polo, the
Government of India assimilated Hyderabad state. Hyderabad.
In 1952, there was a 'Non-Mulki Agitation' (mulki means locals)
agitating against the fact that most jobs were taken by people from
Coastal Andhra. They agitated shouting slogans like 'Idli Sambar go

back' and 'Non-Mulki go back' .

In 1953, States Reorganization commission was formed for creation of
states on linguistic lines.
It was recommended to disintegrate Hyderabad state and merge
Marathi speaking region with Bombay state and Kannada speaking
region with Mysore state.Later, in 1956, an agreement was reached
between Telangana leaders and leaders in Andhra Pradesh for merging
both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and promises for safe guarding
Telangana's interests - Gentleman's Agreement. Unified Andhra
Pradesh was constituted on November 1, 1956.
Telangana agitation arose in 1969 a battle between students and the
Government. This is not the same as Telangana Rebellion which was a
peasant revolt and took place in princely state of Hyderabad sometime
between 1946 and 1951 and led by Communist Party of India. (CPI).It
was a revolt by farmers and labourers against the feudal landlords
(jagirdars and deshmukhs) and later against king of Hyderabad State.
Many movements have taken place for revoking merger of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana. These include Telangana Movements in 1969,
1972 and 2009. Many strikes and protests mark the demand for
separate statehood.
On July 30, 2013, a unanimous resolution was passed by the Congress
Working Committee for recommendation of the formation of Telangana
state. The Bill was placed and subsequently passed in the Parliament
on February 2014 for the formation of Telangana state. After assent
from the President the Bill was published in the gazatte on March 1,
2014.
Telangana state was officially formed on 2 June 2014. Kalvakuntla
Chandrashekar Rao (from Telangana Rashtra Samiti party) was elected
as the first Chief Minister of Telangana state. (Click on the image for
an enlarged view on Facts about Telangana)

Also Read: History of Hyderabad | History of Warangal

Did you know?

Though India got freedom on 15th August, 1947, the people of
Telangana tasted real freedom from the rule of Nizam on 17th
September, 1948!

Geography of Telangana State

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau and is drained by two

major rivers Godavari and Krishna, though most of the land is
arid.Other minor rivers which drain Telangana include Manair, Bhima,
Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita,
Peddavagu and Taliperu.
Northern Telangana receives around 900 to 1500 mm while Southern
Telangana receives somewhere between 700 to 900 mm rainfall. 45%
of the forest area of Andhra Pradesh is located in five districts of
Telangana.The climate of Telangana state id hot and dry. March to MAy
are hot months while June to September are monsoon months.
November to february are winter months.

There is a considerable forest area around Hyderabad city. Nehru

Zoological park, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park, Manjira
Wildlife Sanctuary, Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens,
Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar Lake, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank
and Patancheru Lake. Indian Council of Forestry Research and
Education, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT), the Telangana Forest Department, Animal Welfare
Board of India are institutions engaged in preservation and protection
of environment and wildlife.
Adilabad is the second largest district in the Telangana state. Ranga
Reddy District occupies an area which can be compared to Papua New
Guinea's New Ireland! Osman Sagar is a fresh water reservoir on river
Musi and is also a source of drinking water for Hyderabad.
Did you Know?
Sacred groves are small areas of forest preserved by local
people.There are 65 sacred groves Telangana.

Khammam receives more rainfall than other districts in Telangana.

However, Khammam is affected by the floods of Munneru, the tributary
of Krishna River.
Krishna, Musi River, Aleru, Peddavagu, Dindi Halia River and Paleru
rivers flow through Nalgonda district.Minerals in the district include
Limestone, black and color Granites.
Godavari River enters Telangana state from Nizamabad district at
Kandhakurthi.
Also Read: Geography of Hyderabad | Natural Resources of
Hyderabad | Geography of Warangal | Geography of Adilabad

There are three National Parks in Telangana

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park in Hyderabad district

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park in Ranga Reddy district.
Mrugavani National Park in Ranga Reddy district.
Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana include-

Warangal district: Eturunagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Pakhal

Wildlife Sanctuary.
Adilabad district: Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary and Pranahita
Wildlife Sanctuary.
Khammam district: Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary.
Medak district: Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary.
Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar districts:NagarjunsagarSrisailam Tiger Reserve.
Medak and Nizamabad districts:Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary.
Karimnagar district: Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary.
Adilabad and Karimnagar districts:Siwaram Wildlife
Sanctuary

Minerals in Telangana
Today, many private and multinational companies are setting up
industries in Telangana for tapping the natural resources available in a
sustainable way while also contributing to its economic growth. What is
needed is development of storage systems, infrastructural facilities as
well as systematic exploration of these metallic, non-metallic and
radioactive mineral resources and other mining activities.
Metallic minerals such as Chromite (found as float ore) is available in
Khammam district. Mailaram area in this district is known for Copper
mineralization. Alluvial gold is found in the region near confluence of
Kinnerasani river with the Godavari in Khammam district and also near
Mangampet in Warangal district.
Manganese ore is found in Adilabad district in regions around
Gowlighat, Goatkur, Jamdapur and Chanda. It is also found in Ratampet
and Kandali in the Nizamabad district.
Non-metallic minerals found in districts of Telangana include asbestos,
amethyst, quartz and barytes. Amethyst occurs at Ramanapalli near
Siddipet (Medak district) and Abdul Nagaram, Mekalgattu and
Peddapadu in Warangal district.
Building stones and different varieties of rocks such as granite,
dolerite, amphibolite, sandstone and marble are utilized in buildings
and are found in Warangal, Khammam, Karimnagar, Rangareddy
districts. This is also the reason why so many polishing units are
operational in these districts. Khammam district is especially known for

the presence of white marble. A number of such quarries are also

found in and around Hyderabad city which supply with road metal.

5 Interesting Facts of Telangana that you should know

The demand for Telangana is as old as the state of Andhra

The last time new states were created was in 2000 which
were Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh.

P V Narasimha Rao, India's ninth prime minister, was a

native of Telangana.

Osmania University was the focal point of the Telangana

movement

Telangana is Indias 12th largest by population with 35.29

million people, almost that of Canada.

Adilabad district (Panchagoan, Ralapet and Katterala villages) has

deposits of white clay which is used for making low grade pottery. Clay
deposits near Hyderabad city are used for making porcelain-ware. Such
deposits are found in areas near Golconda fort and south of the
Kutubshahi tombs. White residual clay is found in Shekapur village and
Gambirpet in Medak dstrict. Nalgonda district has occurrence of clay in
regions around Chintriyal while Nizamabad district has this natural
resource in Konasamudram.
Everyone knows about Coal bearing Gondwana rocks which occupy
parts of the Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Nizambad and Warangal
districts. Very good quality flux grade dolomite is found in areas around
Raghunathapalem, Madharam, Vemulanarava in Khammam district.
Radioactive minerals in Telangana
Deposits of vein quartz occur near Kukatpalli, Ghamsabad, Timmapur
near Hyderabad city. Glass-grade vein quartz occurs in Tadepalle in the
Khammam district, region around Shadnagar railway station in

Mahabubnagar district and at Andole and Palampet in Medak district.

Glass-grade quartz quarries can also be found in Chimarajupenta in
Nizamabad district.
Telangana is, no doubt, rich in mineral resources. With proper survey,
detailed information about area of presence of various mineral
resources, sustainable exploration, the state can develop into one of
the many economically well developed states in India. Uranium mineral
can be utilized for sourcing electric power in the state. Economic and
environmental laws must be implemented in a stringent manner.
Mineral based industries must be attracted in the state which may
include industries like fertilizers, glass, abrasives and refractory etc.
Dams and Reservoirs in Telangana
Dams provide drinking water, hydroelectric and Irrigation facilities.
Dams and reservoirs located in Telangana are as follows -

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam (Built in

1967): Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam on the Krishna River
at Nagarjuna Sagar in the border of Nalgonda district of Telangana
State and Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh State. Nagarjuna Sagar
dam is one of the earliest ones of India and supplies water for irrigation
purposes and hydro power generation to the state.

Nizam Sagar Dam (Built in 1923): Nizam

Sagar is a reservoir constructed across the Manjira River (tributary of

the Godavari River) between Achampet and Banjapalle villages of the

Nizamabad district in Telangana.

Ramagundam Dam: Ramagundam Dam is an

irrigation project on the Godavari River in Karimnagar District in
Telangana.

Singur Dam (Built in 1989): Singur Dam or

Singoor is located near Sangareddy town of Medak district in
Telangana.

Sriram Sagar (Built in 1977): Sriram Sagar

Reservoir on the Godavari River between Adilabad and Nizamabad
districts

Lower Manair Dam (Built in 1985): Drinking

water for Karimangar, Warangal and Irrigation). Lower Manair Reservoir
on the canal of Sriram Sagar Project (SRSP) in Karimnagar district.

Jurala Project (Built in 1995): Jurala Reservoir

on the Krishna River in Mahbubnagar district.
Other dams in Telangana include Dindi Reservoir, Dummagudem,
Ellammpalli, Himayath Sagar (reservoir in Hyderabad), Icchampally
Project (on river Godavari) and an interstate project of Telangana,
Maharashtra, Chattisgarh - Koil Sagar is a Dam in Mahbubnagar district
on Godavari river.
Economy of Telangana
Agriculture is the main source of economy in Telangana. The rivers
Godavari and Krishna aid in irrigation. Local crops include rice, cotton,
mango and tobacco. Sunflower and peanuts are also grown for
producing oil. Multi-state irrigation projects include Godavari River
Basin Irrigation Projects and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam which is the world's
highest masonry dam. Hyderabad is the main source of revenue as
there is lot of economic activity here.
Hyderabad is known for IT Parks and IT-enabled services (ITeS). There
are Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Telangana. Manufacturing units
are based in Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Medak and Nalgonda districts.

Mining, food processing, dairy and farming, poultry also aid in economy
of Telangana state.
Hyderabad is the torch-bearer for all other districts in Telangana with
an international airport in place, educational institutions, skilled
professionals, Metro-rail project, suitable weather, IT Parks and
infrastructural growth.
Nirmal wooden toys and Dhokra casting crafts of Adilabad are famous
all over the country. Hyderabad emerged as a pharmaceutical and
biotechnology hub and is known as "Genome Valley of India". 'Fab City'
and the 'Nano Technology park' signify infrastructural growth in the
field of Bio-technology in Hyderabad.
Khammam district is known for growing horticultural crops such as
mango, cocoa, banana, coconut, oil palm, cashew, pepper etc.
Economy of Karimnagar depends more on agriculture and related
industries such as rice mills, saw, oil, animal husbandry, seed and
other processing mills. There are industries which manufacture tiles,
stone dressing and crushing, paper, cement concrete pipes etc. Silver
filigree work is famous too. Jammikunta is an important industrial city
in Karimnagar district.
Adilabad district, Khammam district, Medak district, Warangal district,
Ranga Reddy district and Nizamabad district are receiving funds
from Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Since lime stone is readily available in Nalgonda district and also in the
neighbouring Guntur district, Nalgonda is a cement manufacturing
centre in Telangana. There are large number of Cement industries in
Nalgonda. Miryalaguda in Nalgonda district is famous for rice mills.
There are many banks, few small scale industries and cement and
fertilizer industries in Ranga Reddy district.
Society for Andhra Pradesh Network (SAPNET) is presently
running 4 television channels known as MANA TV and one data
channel. These channels provide distance learning for school
education, telemedicine, e-governance and rural development and
agriculture.
Hyderabad is the major source of economy for Telangana state. all
other districts are steering forth in the direction of infrastructural and
industrial development.
Also Read: Economy of Hyderabad | Industries in
Hyderabad | Hyderabad as IT Hub |Economy of Waarngal | Economy of
Adilabad
Culture of Telangana

Let us delve deeper and know more about the cultural heritage,
traditions and society in Telangana. Telangana has inherited its culture
from the Kakatiya dynasty's rule (11th to 14th centuries) and the
Qutub Shahis and Nizams who were rulers of Hyderabad state.
Various ruling dynasties have delivered different facets in the culture of
this newly formed state - the temple art inspired dance form Perini
Sivatandavam, story-telling and problem solving discussions
through Oggu Kathalu and Gotralu, qawallis, ghazals and mushairas...
Well, Telangana has taken the best from everywhere to have its very
own rich culture and traditions!

You can see a mix of Telugu traditions and Persian traditions from the
Moghuls and Nizams in the culture of the state. With a Dravidian
language known as Telinga, cross cousin marriages, tattoos on their
bodies and customary dhoti worn by men and sari worn by women with
a ring on their second toe, if they are married, society in Telangana
enjoys its cultural traditions and festivals with much aplomb.
Women love to decorate the front yard of their homes with designs on
the ground ( Kolam in Telangana and Muggulu in A.P.) and on
auspicious occasions with mango leaves tied to the porches.
Also Read: Hyderabad Culture | Hyderabadi Biryani | Culture of
Adilabad | Culture of Warangal

Telangana Cuisine
Who does not know about Hyderabadi cuisine believed to be developed
by Qutb Shahi dynasty and the Nizams of Hyderabad. The aroma of
spices, rice, herbs, coconut, peanuts, tamarind, sesame seeds and
'dum' cooking can steal anyone's heart! Famous dishes include lukhmi,
Hyderabadi biriyani, mirchi ka salan, Hyderabadi haleem, Hyderabadi
Marag, Nahari, haleem, the mouthwatering kebabs, especially the dum
kebab, boti jhammi, sheek, shikampur, Bagara baingan, Shahi dahi
veda, tomato qoot, kalmi and kormas.
Festivals of Telangana
Telengana celebrates all important occasions with much
fanfare. Bonalu festival is celebrated to pay obeisance to Mother
Goddess Mahakali. Rice with milk and sugar are offered to the goddess,
kept in brass vessel or earthen pot and then decorated with neem
branches, vermillion and turmeric. Processions are taken out on the
beat of drums and dances.In Secunderabad, Golconda Mahankali inside
the Golconda Fort is worshipped after which the procession proceeds to
Mahankali temple and Balkampet Yellamma temple and other parts of
the city. Bonalu is celebrated in July-August.

Bathukamma is celebrated in SeptemberOctober for nine days

during Durga Navratri. Goddess Maha Gauri is worshipped in the form
of Bathukamma. Bonalu and Bathukamma arestate festivals of
Telangana.
Diwali, Sadar festival or Dunnapothula panduga (celebrated on the
second day after Diwali), Samakka Saralamma Festival, Guru Purnima,
Ekadasi Mukkoti, Shashti Subrahmanya, Ugadi, Sri Rama Navami,

Karthika Purnima, Vinayaka Chaviti, Hanumajjayanti, Ratha Saptami,

Makara Sankranti, Dusserah, Chaviti Nagula, Krishnashtami and Raakhi
Pournami are other festivals celebrated in Telangana.
Famous Poets from Telangana
Mallinatha Suri also known as 'Vyakhyana Chakravarthi', Bammera
Potana (1450-1510), Somanna, Suravaram Prathap Reddy, Dasharadhi,
Vattikota Alwaru Swami (who led the Library movement),
Padmavibhushan award recipient Kaloji.
Five Things You Must Know about Telangana

The demand for Telangana is as old as the state of Andhra

The last time new states were created was in 2000: The states
created were Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh.

P V Narasimha Rao, India's ninth prime minister, was a native of

Telangana.

Osmania University was the epicenter of the Telangana

movement

Telangana itself is big enough be considered as the 33rd biggest

country of the world.
Art and Craft of Telangana
From making toys, brassware, stone and metal craft, paintings (using
natural colours), sarees to hand loom, craftsmen in Telangana are
adept at their work. Traditional cloth designing and dying, Banjara
needle crafts, Kondapalli Toys, Veena manufacturing, Bronze castings,
Ikat Weaving, Dokra Metal Crafts and Lacquer ware are also prevalent
here. Nirmal paintings, sarees
with bidri work, Kalamkari work, voni (half saree) and weaves
of Venkatagiri,Pochampalli and Gadwal are mesmerizing!
Dance and Music in Telangana
Classical dance form Kuchipudi, Perini (warrior dance form) are
famous here. Carnatic musicis liked by the entire population and
children start learning when they are very young. Dance forms such

as Kolattam, Burrakatha, Dappu, Lambada, Veeranatyam,

Bhamakalpam, Dhimsa, Tappeta Gullu, Bonalu and Butta Bommalu are
famous here.

Cultural Festivals include Deccan Festival and Visakha Festival.

Tirupati Festival, Ugadi Festival, Pongal and Lumbini Festival are also
much loved festivals here. Yella Venkatesara Rao is a renouned
Mridangam player (instrumental music).

Telangana
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Telangana

State of India

Seal
Anthem:
Jaya
Jaya
He
Telangana
Janani
Jayakethanam

Location of Telangana (marked in red)

in India

Coordinates (Hyderabad): 17.366N

78.475ECoordinates: 17.366N
78.475E
Country
Region

India
South India

Established

2 June 2014

Capital
Largest city
Districts

Hyderabad
Hyderabad
10

Government
Governor
Chief mini
ster
Legislatur
e
Lok Sabha
constituenci
es
High
Court
Area[1]
Total
Area rank

E. S. L. Narasimhan
Kalvakuntla
Chandrashekar
Rao (TRS)
Bicameral (119 + 40
seats)
17

High
Court
Judicature
Hyderabad

of
at

114,840 km2 (44,340 s

q mi)
12th

Population (2011)[1]
Total
35,193,978
Rank
12th
Density
310/km2 (790/sq mi)
Demonym

Telanganite

Time zone
ISO
3166
code
Vehicle

IST (UTC+05:30)
IN-TG
TS[2]

registration
Literacy
Official
language

66.50%[1]
Telugu, Urdu

Website

telangana.gov.in

^ Temporary Joint Capital with Andhra

Pradesh
Symbols of Telangana
Emblem
Language
Song
Animal
Bird
Flower
Tree

Kakatiya
Toranam,
Charminar
Telugu and Urdu
Jaya Jaya He Telangana
Janani Jayakethanam
Spotted deer
Pala Pitta
Tanged Puvvu
Jammi tree

Telangana ( i/tlnn/) is a land locked state in southern India. It

has an area of 114,840 km2 and is the twelfth largest state in India.
Most
of
it
was
part
of
the princely
state
of
Hyderabad (Medak andWarangal Divisions), ruled by the Nizam of
Hyderabad during the British Raj, joining the Union of India in 1948. In
1956, the Hyderabad state was dissolved as part of the linguistic
reorganisation of states, and the Telugu speaking part of Hyderabad
state, known as Telangana, was merged with former Andhra State to
form Andhra Pradesh. On 2 June 2014, Telangana was formed as a new
29th state of India, with the city of Hyderabad as its capital.
[3]
Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital city for Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana for a period of not more than ten years.
Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh to
the north, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south,
east and north east.It shares small border with Orissa too.[4] Telangana
has an area of 114,840 square kilometres (44,340 sq mi), and a
population of
35,286,757 (2011
census). [5] Its
major cities
include Hyderabad, Warangal,Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Ramagundam a
nd Khammam.

Hyderabad state in 1909

Contents
[hide]

1 Etymology

2 History
o

2.1 Early history

2.2 Kakatiya Dynasty

2.3 Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi's

2.4 Post-independence

2.5 Telangana Rebellion

3 States Reorganisation Commission

o

3.1 Telangana movement

3.2 Formation of Telangana state in 2014

4 Geography
o

4.1 Climate

4.2 Ecology

4.2.1 National Parks and Sanctuaries

5 Government and politics

6 Demographics

7 Economy
o

7.1 Agriculture

7.2 Industries

7.3 Tourism

8 Infrastructure
o

8.1 Power

8.2 Transport

8.2.1 Roads

8.2.2 Railways

8.2.3 Airports
9 Culture

9.1 Monuments

9.2 Religious tourism

9.3 Waterfalls

10 Education

11 Sports

12 See also

13 References

14 Further reading

15 External links

Etymology[edit]
The name Telangana is thought to have been derived from the
wordTrilinga, as in the Trilinga Desa, which translates to "the country of
the three lingas". According to a Hindu legend, Shiva descended in
the lingam form
on
three
mountains, Kaleshwaram, Srisailam and Draksharama, which marked
the
boundaries
of
the Trilingadesa,
later
[6][7]
called Telinga, Telunga orTelugu.
The word "Telinga" changed over time to "Telangana" and the name
"Telangana" was designated to distinguish the predominantly Teluguspeaking region of the erstwhile Hyderabad State from its
predominantly Marathi-speaking one, Marathwada.[8]
One of the earliest uses of a word similar to Telangana can also be
seen in a name of Malik Maqbul (14th century C.E.), who was called
the Tilangani, which implies that he was from Tilangana. He was the
commander of the Warangal Fort (Kataka Pludu).[9]
History[edit]
Main article: History of Telangana
Early history[edit]
Main articles: Maurya_Empire and Satavahana dynasty

The Satavahana dynasty had its roots in Koti Lingala on the banks of
theGodavari River, in present-dayKarimnagar district
The Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE) became the dominant
power in the area. It originated from the lands between the Godavari

and Krishna rivers.[10] After the decline of the Satavahanas, various

dynasties,
such
as
the Vakataka,Vishnukundina, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta and Western
Chalukya, ruled the area.[11]
Kakatiya Dynasty[edit]
Main article: Kakatiya dynasty

Ramagiri fort ruins at Kalvacherlain Karimnagar district is an ancient

fort initially built by the Sathavahanas and modified many times by
other dynasties till 16th century

Kota gullu,temple ruins built in the 12th century by Kakatiyas at

Ghanpur, Mulug in warangal district

A 14th century fort ruins atRachakonda in Nalgonda district

The Telangana area experienced its golden age during the reign of
the Kakatiya dynasty , which ruled most parts of the present day
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana from 1083 to 1323 CE. [11] Rudrama

Devi and Prataparudra II were prominent rulers from the Kakatiya

dynasty. The dynasty weakened with the attack of Malik Kafur in 1309
and was dissolved after the defeat of Prataparudra by the forces
ofMuhammad bin Tughluq in 1323.[12][13]
Prior to Kakatiyas coming to rule, the region comprising the current
Adilabad or Edlabad (Edla from Gondi word for people in the highland
woods), Karimnagar (Elgandal or Elgondal from Gond), Warangal
(Orangal from Gond and Orukal from Tamil), Khammam, Medak and
Nizamabad districts were originally inhabitted by the Gonds and
Kannadas. Of the Kannada kingdoms, Western Chalukyas and
Kakateeyas are most noted. Southern Telangana was wholly Kannada
at the time. Beginning as subordinates of Chalukyas of Badami, the
Kakatiyas very rapidly disowned their Kannada origins and began to
promote Telugu. Kakateeyas replaced Kannada with Telugu as official
after gaining the Eastern Chalukyan provinces which were Telugu. After
the fall of the Kakateeyas, Marathi and Kannada had the most
influence after Urdu. The language of Gondi did not gain prominence
and Telugu established by the Kakateeyas also lost prominence. Later
the region was ruled by many Muslim rulers. Prior to the formation of
the linguistic states, Adilabad district was called as Sirpur-Tandur or
Amaldari and it was part of Bidar and Marathwada regions at different
periods. Though most of the population of Adilabad was still of Gond,
Urdu and Marathi origin prior to 1956, the region became a part of the
Telugu linguistic state. Since 1956, Telugu gained prominence and
replaced Gondi, official Kannada, official Marathi and official Urdu
entirely.
Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi's[edit]

Charminar in Hyderabad
The area came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th
century, followed by the Bahmani Sultanate. Quli Qutb Mulk, a
governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and
established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518. On 21 September 1687,
the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort.[14]
In 1712, Qamar-ud-din Khan was appointed by emperor Farrukhsiyar as
the viceroy of Deccan with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (meaning
"Administrator of the Realm"). He was later recalled to Delhi, with
Mubariz Khan appointed as the viceroy. In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan
defeated Mubariz Khan to reclaim the Deccan suba,establishing it as
an autonomous province of the Mughal empire. He took the nameAsif
Jah, starting what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty.[11] He
named the area Hyderabad Deccan. Subsequent rulers retained the
title Nizam ul-Mulk and were called Asif Jahi nizams or nizams of
Hyderabad. The Medak and Warangaldivisions of Telengana were part
of their realm.[15]
When Asif Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to
contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by
opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769,
Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the nizams. The
nizam Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV signed the Subsidiary Alliance with
the British in 1799 and lost its control over the state's defence and
foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became a princely state among
the presidencies and provinces of British India.[15]

Telangana was the seat of numerous dynasties. Chowmahalla

Palace was home to the nizams of Hyderabad.
Post-independence[edit]
When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947,
the nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with the Indian Union
and wanted to remain independent. The Government of India annexed
Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948 after a military operation
called Operation Polo.[11] It appointed a civil servant,M. K. Vellodi, as
first chief minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950.[16] He
administered the state with the help of English-educated bureaucrats
from theMadras and Bombay states, who were familiar with Indian
systems of administration unlike the bureaucrats of Hyderabad state
who used a completely different administrative system. The official
language of the state was switched from Urdu to English.
In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected chief minister of the
Hyderabad State in its first democratic election. During this time, there
were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send the Madras state
bureaucrats back and implement a rule by the natives (mulkis) of
Hyderabad.[17]
Telangana Rebellion[edit]
Main article: Telangana Rebellion
The Telangana
Rebellion was
a peasant
revolt supported
by
the communists. It originated in the Telangana regions of the
Hyderabad state between 1946 and 1951, led by the Communist Party
of India (CPI).[18]
The revolt began in the Nalgonda district against the feudal lords
of Reddy andVelama castes.
It
quickly
spread
to
the Warangal and Bidar districts. Peasant farmers and labourers
revolted against the local feudal landlords (jagirdars anddeshmukhs)
and later against the nizam Osman Ali Khan. The violent phase of the
movement ended after the Government of India's Operation Polo.
[19]
Starting in 1951, the CPI shifted to a more moderate strategy of
seeking to bring communism to India within the framework of Indian
democracy.[20]
States Reorganisation Commission[edit]

Hyderabad State (in yellowish-green)

In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was
appointed to form states on a linguistic basis. [21] An agreement was
reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20
February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to
safeguard Telangana's interests.[22] After reorganisation in 1956, the
region of Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra
Pradesh.
Following this Gentlemen's agreement, the central government
established the unified state of Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956.
[23][24][25]
G.O 553 of 1959 from the united Andra Pradesh state moved
two revenue divisions of Bhadrachalamand Aswaraopeta from East
Godavari to Khammam for administrative convenience.
Telangana movement[edit]
Main article: Telangana movement
There have been several movements to revoke the merger of
Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009.
The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum over
the decades.[26] On 9 December 2009 the Government of India
announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent
protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions
occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was
put on hold on 23 December 2009.
In 2009, the book "My Telugu Roots" was published by local author
Nalamotu Chakravarthy, arguing strongly against the formation of a
separate Telangana State, calling it "historically illegitimate, morally
reprehensible, culturally ruinous, economically disastrous, and
strategically suicidal".[27]

The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of

Telangana.[28] There have been hundreds of claimed suicides, [29] strikes,
protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood.
Formation of Telangana state in 2014[edit]
See also: Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014

Telangana (in white) and Andhra Pradesh (in yellow) after bifurcation
On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously
passed a resolution to recommend the formation of a separate
Telangana state. After various stages the bill was placed in
the Parliament in February 2014.[30] In February 2014,Andhra Pradesh
Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for
the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts from northwestern Andhra Pradesh.[31] The bill received the assent of
the President and published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014. [32]
The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June
2014. Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was elected as the first chief
minister of Telangana, following elections in which the Telangana
Rashtra Samiti party secured majority.[33]Hyderabad will remain as the
joint capital of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period of 10
years.[34]
Geography[edit]

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Topo Map

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of
the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 114,840 square
kilometres (44,340 sq mi). The region is drained by two major rivers,
with about 79% of theGodavari River catchment area and about 69% of
the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid.
[4]
Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the Bhima,
the Manjira and the Musi.
The annual rainfall is between 900 to 1500 mm in northern Telangana
and
700
to
900 mm
in
southern
Telangana,
from
the
southwest monsoons. Various soil types abound, including chalkas, red
sandy soils, dubbas, deep red loamy soils, and very deep b.c. [clarification
needed]
soils that facilitate planting mangoes, oranges and flowers.
[35]
About 45% of the forest area of previous Andhra Pradesh state is
located in five districts of Telangana.
Climate[edit]
Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry
climate. Summers start in March, and peak in May with average high
temperatures in the 42 C (108 F) range. The monsoon arrives in June
and lasts until September with about 755 mm (29.7 inches) of
precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until
early February with little humidity and average temperatures in the 22
23 C (7273 F) range.
Ecology[edit]
The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion covers
much of the state, including Hyderabad. The characteristic vegetation
is woodlands of Hardwickia binata and Albizia amara. Over 80% of the
original forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timber
harvesting, or cattle grazing, but large blocks of forest can be found
in Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve and elsewhere.[36] The more

humid Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests cover the Eastern

Ghats in the eastern part of the state.
National Parks and Sanctuaries[edit]
Telangana has three National Parks: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National
Park in Hyderabad district, and Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National
Park and Mrugavani National Park in Ranga Reddy district.
Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana include Eturunagaram Wildlife
Sanctuary and Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary in Warangal District, Kawal
Tiger
Reserve and Pranahita
Wildlife
Sanctuary in Adilabad
district, Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary in Khammam district, Manjira
Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak district, Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger
Reserve in Nalgonda andMahbubnagar
districts, Pocharam
Wildlife
Sanctuary in Medak and Nizamabad districts, Shivaram Wildlife
Sanctuary inKarimnagar district.

Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) near Hyderabad

View of Bolders at Keesaragutta

Sacred groves are small areas of forest preserved by local people.
Sacred groves provide sanctuary to the local flora and fauna. Some are
included within other protected areas, like Kadalivanam in
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve, but most stand alone. There
are 65 sacred groves Telangana two in Adilabad district, thirteen in
Hyderabad district, four in Karimnagar district, four in Khammam
district, nine in Mahbubnagar district, four in Medak district, nine in

Nalgonda district, ten inRanga Reddy district, and three in Warangal

district.[37]
Government and politics[edit]
Main articles: Government of Telangana and Politics of Telangana
See also: List of Chief Ministers of Telangana
This
section does
not cite any references
or
sources.Please help improve this section by adding
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (July 2014)
Telangana
is
governed
through
a parliamentary
system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with
other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. There
are three branches of government.
1. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed
by the Chief Minister, although the titular head of government is
the Governor. The Governor is the head of state appointed by
the President of India. The leader of the party or coalition with a
majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief
Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are
appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.
The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly.
2. The
legislature,
the Telangana
Legislative
Assembly and
the Telangana Legislative Council, consists of elected members
and special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy
Speaker, that are elected by the members. Assembly meetings
are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the
Speaker's absence. The Assembly is bicameral with 119 Members
of the Legislative Assembly and 40 Member of the Legislative
Council. Terms of office run for 5 years, unless the Assembly is
dissolved prior to the completion of the term. The Legislative
Council is a permanent body with one-third members retiring
every two years.
3. The judiciary is composed of the High Court of Judicature at
Hyderabad and a system of lower courts.

Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body

elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. The state contributes
seats to Lok Sabha.
The main players in the regional politics are the Telangana Rashtra
Samithi, Telugu Desam Party and Indian National Congress. Following
the Telangana Legislative Assembly Election in 2014, the Telangana
Rashtra Samithi underKalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was elected to
power.
Demographics[edit]
See also: List of cities in Telangana by population and List of districts in
Telangana
Religion in Telangana

Perce
nt
86%
12.4%

1.4%

0.4%

Religion
Hinduism
Islam
Christianit
y
Others

According to the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme 200910,

13 backward districts are located in Andhra Pradesh: nine (all except
Hyderabad) are from Telangana and the rest are from other regions. [38]
The religious makeup of Telangana is 86% Hindu, 12.4% Muslim, and
1.4% Christian, and 0.4% others.[39][40]
About 77% of the population of Telangana speak Telugu, 12%
speak Urdu, and 13% speak other languages.[41][42] Before 1948, Urdu
was the official language of Hyderabad State, and due to a lack of
Telugu-language educational institutions, Urdu was the language of the
educated elite of Telangana. After 1948, once Hyderabad State joined
the new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of government,
and as Telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schools
and colleges, the use of Urdu among non-Muslims decreased. [43]
According to the 2011 census, Telangana's literacy rate is 67.22%.
[44]
Male literacy and female literacy are 75.6% and 58.77%
respectively. Hyderabad
district leading
with
80.96%
[45]
and Mahboobnagar district at the bottom with 56.06%.
Economy[edit]

Coal Handling Ropeway nearAswapuram, Khammam district

Main article: Economy of Telangana
The Economy of Telangana is mainly driven by agriculture. Two
important rivers of India, the Godavari and Krishna, flow through the
state, providing irrigation. Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rainfed water sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. other
important crops are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco are the
local crops. Recently, crops used for vegetable oil production such
as sunflower and peanuts have gained favour. There are many multistate irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin
Irrigation Projects andNagarjuna Sagar Dam, the world's highest
masonry dam.[46][47]
The state has also started to focus on the fields of information
technology andbiotechnology. Telangana is one of top IT exporting
states of India. There are 68 Special Economic Zones in the state. [48]
Telangana is a mineral-rich state, with coal reserves at Singareni
Colleries.[49]
Agriculture[edit]

Paddy fields in Warangal district

Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. Other
important crops are Maize, Tobacco, Mango, Cotton and Sugar cane.
[50]
Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the state's
economy. Important rivers of India, the Godavari,Krishna flow through
the state, providing irrigation. Apart from major rivers, there are small

rivers as Tunga Bhadra, Bima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Manair,

Penganga, Pranahitha, peddavagu and Taliperu.There are many multistate irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin
Irrigation Projectsand Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, the world's highest
masonry dam.[51]
Agri Export Zones for the following produce are proposed at the places
mentioned against them:

Gherkins Mahaboobnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Karimnagar, Wa

rangal

Mangoes and Grapes Mahaboobnagar

Industries[edit]

Hyderabad,

Rangareddy,

Medak,

The HITEC City is a major IT hub of Hyderabad

See also: Software industry in Telangana
Several major manufacturing and services industries are in operation
mainly aroundHyderabad. Automobiles and auto components industry,
spices, mines and minerals, textiles and apparels, pharmaceutical,
horticulture, poultry farming are the main industries in Telangana. [52] In
terms of services, Hyderabad is usually nicknamed as Cyberabad due
to its information technology foray and location of major software
industries in the city.[53][54] Prior to secession, it contributed 15% to
India's and 98% to Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors last
2013[55]With Hyderabad as in the front line of Telangana's aims to
promote information technology in India, the city boasts the HITEC
City as its premier hub.
The state government is in the process of developing Industrial Parks
at different places, for specific groups of industries. The existing parks
are Software Park at Hyderabad, HITEC City for software units, Apparel
Park at Gundlapochampalli, Export Promotion Park at Pashamylaram,
Bio-technology park atTurkapally.[citation needed]

Hyderabad is also a major site for healthcare related industries

including hospitals and pharmaceutical organizations such as Nizam's
Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollo Hospitals, and Dr. Reddy's
Laboratories. In addition, Hyderabad based healthcare non-profits
include the Indian Heart Association, a cardiovascular disease NGO.[56]
Tourism[edit]
Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation (TSTDC) is a state
government agency which promotes tourism in Telangana.
[57]
Telangana has a variety of tourist attractions including historical
places, monuments, forts, water falls, forests and temples.
Infrastructure[edit]
Power[edit]
Main article: List of Power Stations in Telangana

Ramagundam Thermal Power station in Karimnagar district

Hydel and thermal power projects in the state meets the power
requirements of the State. Number of new power projects are coming
up in the State which is expected to generate additional power
capacity in the state.
Transport[edit]
The state is well connected other states with road, rail and airways.
However, since Telangana is landlocked, it does not have any seaports.
Roads[edit]

Hyderabad Outer Ring Road (Nehru ORR)

The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) is the major
public transport corporation that connects all the cities and villages.
[58]
Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station (M.G.B.S) in Hyderabad is one of the
largest
bus
stand
in Asia.[59][60]Jubilee
Bus
Station in Secunderabad serves inter city bus services. Asia's
biggestInter
City
Bus
Terminal (ICBT)
is
being
built
in Miyapur (Hyderabad), which would house nearly 200 bus bays and
for parking nearly 1,000 buses.[61]
Railways[edit]
See also: South Central Railway zone

Secunderabad railway station, a very busy railway junction in India and

headquarters of South Central Railway
The history of railways in this region dates back to the time of nizam of
Hyderabadin 1874.[62] It operates under the auspices of the South
Central Railway founded in 1966. The landmark building Rail Nilayam
in Secunderabad is the Zonal Headquarter office of South Central
Railway. Secunderabad and Hyderabad are the main divisions of South
Central Railway that fall in the state.[63]
Airports[edit]
See also: List of airports in Telangana
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport at Shamshabad is an international
airport serving the city of Hyderabad. It is the largest airport in the
state and one of the busiest airports in the country. The government
has
plans
to
upgrade Warangal
Airport,Nizamabad
Airport[64] and Ramagundam Airport It also plans to construct airports
inKarimnagar and Kothagudem.[65] Warangal has a domestic airport in
Mamunooru which was established in the year 1930 during Nizam
period. All the exports and imports of Azam Jahi Mills, Warangal were
done through the Warangal Airport.[citation needed]

Culture[edit]
Main article: Culture of Telangana
Telangana culture combines cultural customs from Persian traditions,
embedded during rule of the region by the Moghuls, Qutub Shahis and
Nizams, with prominent and predominantly south Indian traditions and
customs. The State has a rich tradition in classical music, painting and
folk arts such as Burra katha, shadow puppet show, and perini Shiva
Tandavam, Gusadi Dance, Kolatam.
Monuments[edit]

Kakatiya Kala Thoranam ,Warangal

Charminar, Golconda
Fort, Qutb
Shahi
Tombs, Chowmahalla
Palace, Falaknuma Palace,Birla Mandir and Bhongir Fort, Warangal
Fort are some of the monuments in and around Hyderabad.
Religious tourism[edit]

[Alampur Jogulamba temple (also known as Dakshina Kashi or

Navabrahmeshwara Theertha)-a famous temple located in Mahabub
nagar Dist. Jogulamba (also known as Yogulamba/Yogamba) is one
of the eighteen Shakti peethas]

Yadagirigutta Temple- a famous temple located in Nalgonda District,

only 46 km from Hyderabad.

Bhadrachalam Temple is a temple to Lord Rama in the town

of Bhadrachalam inKhammam district.

Gnana Saraswati Temple is a temple to Saraswati goddess in the

town of Basar inAdilabad district.

Warangal - The Thousand Pillar Temple, built by the Kakatiya

dynasty, is one of the oldest temples of South India.

Vemulawada - Sri Raja Rajeswara Swami temple is a very famous

temple also called as Dakhshina (South) Kasi. This temple was built
by

Chalukya kings between the 750 A.D and 973 A.D. This town is very
busy and visited by devotees from all over the state for the Shivratri
festival every year. There are few other very old and historic temples in
the town of Vemulawada, Karimnagar District.

Keesaragutta Ramalingeshwara Swamy temple is very famous.

Shivratri is very well celebrated every year.

Ramappa Temple is an unbelievably architecture located near

Mulugu which is 70 km away from Warangal

Other religious places include, Medak Cathedral at Medak,

Buddhist
centres
at Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta Phanigiri and
[66]
Kolanpaka.
Waterfalls[edit]

Kuntala waterfalls in Adilabad district

Kuntala Waterfall located in Kuntala, Adilabad district, at 45 metres
(148 ft), is the biggest in the state.
Education[edit]
Main article: Education in Telangana
See also: List of institutions of higher education in Telangana

Telangana has multiple institutes of higher education universities along

with numerous primary and secondary schools.The state is home to a
number of institutes, which impart higher education. The Department
of Higher Education deals with matters relating to education at various
levels in the State of telangana

NIT Warangal main gate

The Government has established Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge
Technologies (RGUKT) in 2008 to cater to the educational needs of the
gifted rural youth of Telangana. [67] The higher education includes many
colleges, universities and research institutes providing professional
education in the fields of arts, humanities, science, engineering, law,
medicine, business, and veterinary sciences, with undergraduate and
post graduation.
Sports[edit]
See also: List of stadiums in Hyderabad

Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium

Sports are Cricket, Tennis, Badminton, Kabaddi. The Hyderabad cricket
team is represented in the Ranji Trophy and had won twice. The Rajiv
Gandhi International Cricket Stadium is the home ground of Hyderabad
cricket team. It hosts international as well as domestic matches.
The Sunrisers Hyderabad, an Indian Premier League franchise, is based
in Hyderabad.

Notable sportspersons from the state are Mohammad Azharuddin, V. V.

S. Laxman,Saina Nehwal, P.V. Sindhu, Jwala Gutta and Gagan Narang,
as well as Sania Mirzawho has been appointed as the "brand
ambassador" of Telangana.
Other stadiums include Gachibowli Athletic Stadium and G. M. C.
Balayogi Athletic Stadium.

Telangana movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Part of a series on
Telangana movement

Telangana region marked in white within

the state of Andhra Pradesh
General

History

Pre-2004

2000's

2004-2010

Srikrishna committee

2010's

2011

Early 2011

Mid 2011

Late 2011
2012
V
T

The Telangana Movement refers to a people's movement for the

creation of a new state of Telangana, from the existing state of Andhra
Pradesh in SouthIndia. The proposed new state corresponds to
the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state
of Hyderabad State.After several years of peoples movement The UPA
government has decided to bifurcate the existing andhrapradesh state
and The Union Cabinet on 7 February 2014 unilaterally cleared the Bill
for the creation of Telangana, clearing the way for its introduction in
Parliament. This has been one of the most longlasting movements in
South India[1] On 18 February, Lok Sabha passed the Bill with Voice
Majority. Subsequently, the bill was passed by Rajya Sabha on 20
February 2014.[2] As per the bill, Hyderabad will be the capital of
Telangana while the city would also remain the capital of risidual state
of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. The appointed day for
the creation of TelanganaState is 2 June 2014.[3]
Contents
[hide]

1 History

2 Arguments of the Telangana proponents

3 Views of political parties between 2009 and 2013

4 Early Telangana protests (1969 to 1985)

5 1997 to 2010
o

5.1 Bifurcation announcement & rollback

6 2010: Srikrishna Committee

6.1 Release of the report and summary of findings

6.2 Solutions proposed

6.3 Reactions to the report

7 2011

7.1 Non-cooperation movement and Million March

7.2 Mass resignations

7.3 Sakala Janula Samme

8 2012
o

8.1 Telangana March

8.2 All Party meeting in December

9 2013
o

9.1 Chalo Assembly

9.2 Congress Core Committee Meeting

9.3 CWC resolution on bifurcation

9.3.1 Reactions
9.4 Cabinet approval of Telangana state
10 Events leading to the formation of Telangana

10.1 Formation of Group of Ministers (GoM)

10.2 Legislative Proceedings

11 In popular culture

12 See also

13 References

14 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of the Telangana movement

Map of India with the Telangana region highlighted in red

In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was
appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic line. [4] The
commission, due to public demand, recommended disintegration of
Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi speaking region with Bombay
state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore state. The States
Reorganisation Commission (SRC) discussed pros and cons of the
merger of Telugu speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad
state with Andhra state. Paragraph 374 of the SRC report said "The
creation of Vishalandhra is an ideal to which numerous individuals and
public bodies, both in Andhra and Telangana , have been passionately
attached over a long period of time, and unless there are strong
reasons to the contrary, this sentiment is entitled to consideration".
Discussing the case of Telangana, paragraph 378 of the SRC report said
"One of the principal causes of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems
to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of
Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more
advanced people of the coastal areas." In its final analysis SRC
recommended against the immediate merger. In paragraph 386 it said
"After taking all these factors into consideration we have come to the
conclusions that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as
Telangana, if for the present, the Telangana area is to constitute into a
separate State, which may be known as the Hyderabad State with
provision for its unification with Andhra after the general elections
likely to be held in or about 1961 if by a two thirds majority the
legislature of the residuary Hyderabad State expresses itself in favor of
such unification."
After going through the recommendations of the SRC, the then Home
Minister Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant decided to merge Andhra state and

Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on 1 November 1956 after

providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentleman's
agreement.[citation needed]
Arguments of the Telangana proponents[edit]

A map showing several rivers including the Godavari and Krishna. Both
the rivers flow into Coastal Andhra and through Telangana
Telangana is the largest of the three regions of Andhra Pradesh state,
covering 41.47% of its total area. It is inhabited by 40.54% of the
state's population. The following is the breakup of Andhra Pradesh's
revenue by region [5]
Source

Percentage
of
Total Revenue

Telangana(including Hyderabad)

61.47%

Telangana(excluding Hyderabad District,

including parts of GHMC in suburbs)

but

24.3%

Hyderabad District

37.17%

Coastal Andhra

14.71%

Rayalaseema

3.90%

Central Government

19.86%

Note: The income generated by the capital city of the erstwhile Andhra
Pradesh is a complex issue with income being generated from all
regions. This has caused a lot of confusion in region-wise income
distribution. Also, after the bifurcation, companies will pay their portion
of taxes to Telangana or Seemandhra or both, depending on where
they operate(Before bifurcation, lot of companies were paying their
taxes in capital city Hyderabad even for their operations in
Seemandhra).[6][7]
Proponents of a separate Telangana state cite perceived injustices in
the distribution of water, budget allocations, and jobs. Within the state
of Andhra Pradesh, 68.5% of the catchment area of the Krishna
River and 69% of the catchment area of the Godavari River are in the
plateau region of Telangana and flowing through the other parts of the
state into bay of Bengal. Telangana and non coastal parts
of Karnataka and Maharastra states form Deccan Plateau. Telangana
supporters state that 74.25% of irrigation water through the canal
system under major irrigation projects goes to the Coastal Andhra
region, while Telangana gets 18.20%. The remaining 7.55% goes to the
Rayalaseema region.[8]
As per Volume-II of Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal Award, "The area
which we are considering for irrigation formed part of Hyderabad State
and had there been no division of that State, there were better
chances for the residents of this area to get irrigation facilities in
Mahboobnagar District. We are of the opinion that this area should not
be deprived of the benefit of irrigation on account of the reorganisation
of States."[9]
The share of education funding for Telangana ranges from 9.86% in
government-aided primary schools to 37.85% in government degree
colleges. The above numbers include the expenditure in Hyderabad.
Budget allocations to Telangana are generally less than 1/3 of the total
Andhra Pradesh budget. There are allegations that in most years, funds
allocated to Telangana were never spent. Since 1956, Andhra Pradesh
government established 11 new medical colleges in the state. 8 were
in Seemandhra and 3 were in Telangana. Telangana was not
compensated for lost opportunities because of inward migration of lot
of students into Hyderabad from Seemandhra. [10]

According to Professor Jayashankar only 20% of the total Government

employees, less than 10% of employees in the secretariat, and less
than 5% of department heads in the Andhra Pradesh government are
from Telangana; those from other regions make up the bulk of
employment.[8][11][12] He also alleged that the state was represented by
Telangana chief ministers for only 6 1/2 years out of over five decades
of its existence, with no chief minister from the region being in power
continuously for more than 2 1/2 years. [8] As per Srikrishna committee
on Telangana, Telangana held the position of CM for 10.5 years while
Seema-Andhra region held it for 42 years. [13]
According to the Backward Regions Grant Fund 200910, 13 backward
districts are located in Andhra Pradesh: nine (all except Hyderabad) are
from Telangana and the rest are from other regions.[14][15][16]
Proponents
of
a
separate
Telangana
state
feel
that
the agreements, plans, and assurances from the legislature and Lok
Sabha over the last fifty years have not been honoured, and as a
consequence Telangana has remained neglected, exploited, and
backward. They allege that the experiment to remain as one state has
proven to be a futile exercise and that separation is the best solution.
[17][18][19]

Note: The above content has been sourced from news articles and
articles. It can only be regarded as opinions of a few people rather than
solid facts.
Views of political parties between 2009 and 2013[edit]
Most of the parties in the state changed their stand about Telangana
statehood several times. Here are the stands taken by various parties
in the state when the movement was at its peak between 2009 and
2013. Congress party, the ruling party at center, took its final decision
to go ahead with creating the Telangana state in July 2013. [20]
In parenthesis (MP seats/MLA seats from Andhra Pradesh) [21][22]
In Favor

Against

Neutral

YSR
Indian
National All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul
Congressb (2/1
Congress(31/155) acg
Muslimeenf(1/7)
7)

Telangana
Samithi(2/17)

Rashtra Communist Party of India Independents

(Marxist) (0/1)
(0/2)

Bharatiya
Party(0/3)
Communist
India(0/4)

Janata

Party

of

Lok Sattaad (0/1)

[23]

Telugu
Partyae(6/86)

Desam

Independent (0/1)
(a) Parties which were in favor of Telangana state before 9 December
2009, but changed the stand to neutral on 10 December 2009, the day
the process for formation of Telangana state was announced by central
government and later retracted on 23 December.
(b) After 9 December 2009, Jagan Mohan Reddy as a Congress MP
opposed the Telangana state formation. After he formed the YSR
Congress party, it adopted a neutral stand.[24]
(c) The Praja Rajyam Party of actor-politician Chiranjeevi was against
the division of the state, but merged into the Congress in 2011.
(d) The Lok Satta adds that it will welcome the formation of a separate
state as part of a comprehensive and amicable solution.
It,however,states that the real issue is to improve the lives of people
irrespective of the formation of a separate state.[25]
(e) During the all party meeting on 28 December 2012, TDP
representatives gave a letter signed by its president to Home minister
of India which said that the party had never withdrawn its letter
to Pranab Mukherjee in 2008 which supported Telangana state
formation.

(f) MIM wants the state to remain united. If division is unavoidable, the
party wants a separate state of Rayala-Telangana with Telangana &
Rayalseema regions along with Hyderabad as capital. They oppose
Hyderabad being declared as a union territory.
(g) The Congress Working Committee (CWC) unanimously passed a
resolution On 30 July to create the State of Telangana.
Early Telangana protests (1969 to 1985)[edit]
Main article: Pre-2004 Telangana protests
1969: This year saw the first of the protests from the Telangana region.
Some students protested "implementation of the safe guards from
Andhra Pradesh" while some protested for a "Separate Telangana". The
local newspaper Indian Express reported that the latter group were
dominant.[26] According to the 19 January 1969 edition of The Indian
Express, the agitation turned violent when a crowd attempted to set
fire to a sub-inspector's residence. 17 were injured in Police
firing.Discussions about the promised safe-guards were held. The
Telangana Regional Committee was, however, not fully convinced of
the outcome.[27] This agitation was met by a counter agitation by the
Andhra students accusing the transfer Andhra employees as a
discrimination between one region and the other. The transfers were
eventually challenged in the high-court.
The army had to be called in. After several days of talks with leaders of
both regions, on 12 April 1969, Prime minister came up with an eightpoint plan.[28] Telangana leaders rejected the plan and protests
continued under the leadership of newly formed political
party Telangana Praja Samithi in 1969 asking for the formation of
Telangana. Under the Mulki rules in force at the time, anyone who had
lived in Hyderabad for 15 years was considered a local, and was thus
eligible for certain government posts.
1972: When the Supreme Court upheld the Mulki rules the Jai Andhra
movement, with the aim of re-forming a separate state of Andhra, was
started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions. The movement
lasted for 110 days. The Supreme Court upheld the implementation of
Mulki rules. The people from the Andhra region viewed the Milki rules
as "treating them like aliens in their own land".
1973: a political settlement was reached with the Government of India
with a Six-Point Formula. It was agreed upon by the leaders of the two
regions to prevent any recurrenceof such agitations in the future. To

avoid legal problems, constitution was amended (32nd amendment) to

give the legal sanctity to the Six-point formula.[29]
In 1985, when Telangana employees complained about the violations
to six point formula, government enacted government order 610 (GO
610) to correct the violations in recruitment. As Telangana people
complained about non implementation of GO 610, in 2001, government
constituted Girglani commission to look into violations.[30]
1997 to 2010[edit]
In 1997, the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) passed a
resolution seeking a separate Telangana.[31]
In 2000, Congress party MLAs from the Telangana region who
supported a separate Telangana state formed the Telangana Congress
Legislators Forum and submitted momorandum to their president Sonia
Gandhi requesting the support the Telangana state.[32]
A new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Kalvakuntla
Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), was formed in April 2001 with the singlepoint agenda of creating a separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as
its capital.[33]
In 2001, the Congress Working Committee sent a resolution to the NDA
government for constituting a second SRC to look into the Telangana
state demand. This was rejected by then union home minister L.K.
Advani citing that smaller states were neither viable nor conducive to
the integrity of the country.[34]
In April 2002, Advani wrote a letter to MP A. Narendra rejecting a
proposal to create Telangana state explaining that "regional disparities
in economic development could be tackled through planning and
efficient use of available resources". He said that the NDA government,
therefore, does "not propose creation of a separate state of
Telangana"[35] However, in 2012, Advani said that if their then
partner TDP cooperated during NDA tenure, a separate state of
Telangana could have been created. [36] This was confirmed by the
President of the TDP, Chandrababu Naidu, on 1 September 2013 in a
public meeting.[37]
Main article: 2004-2010 Telangana protests
In the run-up to the 2004 Assembly & Parliament elections, then Union
Home Minister L. K. Advani ruled out inclusion of Telangana in the NDA
agenda and said "Unless there is consensus among all political parties

in the state and unless that consensus is reflected in a resolution of the

state Assembly, we dont propose to include it in the NDA agenda" [38]
For these elections, the Congress party and the TRS forged an electoral
alliance in the Telangana region to consider the demand of separate
Telangana State.[39] Congress came to power in the state and formed a
coalition government at the centre; TRS joined the coalition after
the common minimum program of the coalition government included
that the demand for separate Telangana state will be considered after
due consultations and consensus.[40]
In February 2009 the state government declared that it had no
objection, in principle, to the formation of separate Telangana and that
the time had come to move forward decisively on this issue. To resolve
related issues, the government constituted a joint house committee.
[41]
In the lead-up to the 2009 General Elections in India, all the major
parties in Andhra Pradesh supported the formation of Telangana. [42]
In the 2009 elections TRS managed to win only 10 assembly seats out
of the 45 it contested and only 2 MP seats. Some media analysts
thought Telangana sentiment faded.[43]
Within few months of getting re-elected as popular CM, Y. S.
Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR) died in a helicopter crash in September 2009.
This resulted in a leadership crisis within the Congress party and also
created a political vacuum in the state.[44] During this time, TRS
president K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) raised his pitch for the separate
state. On 29 November 2009, he started a fast-unto-death, demanding
that the Congress party introduce a Telangana bill in Parliament.
[45]
Student organisations, employee unions, and various organisations
joined the movement.[46] General strikes shut down Telangana on 6 and
7 December.[47] In an all party meeting called by the state government
on the night of 7 December to discuss regarding KCR's fast and how to
handle it,[48] all major Opposition parties extended their support for a
separate state for Telangana. The state Congress and its ally Majlis-eIttehadul Muslimeen have left it to the Congress high command to take
a final decision. Minutes of the meeting were faxed to Congress high
command.[49]
Bifurcation announcement & rollback[edit]
On 9 December 2009, Union Minister of Home Affairs P.
Chidambaram announced that the Indian government would start the
process of forming a separate Telangana state, pending the
introduction and passage of a separation resolution in the Andhra
Pradesh assembly. This resulted in protests across both Andhra

and Rayalseema. Students, workers, lawyers & various organizations in

the regions launched the Samaikyandhra Movement demanding that
the state be kept united.[50]MLAs from these regions also submitted
their resignations in protest seeking a reversal of the home minister's
statement.[51]
On 23 December, keeping in view the reactions of people of other
regions, the Government of India announced that no action on
Telangana will be taken until a consensus is reached by all parties and
groups in the state.[52] Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema region MLAs
started withdrawing their resignations while MLAs and ministers from
Telangana started submitting their resignations, and demanded that
the Centre take immediate steps to initiate the process of bifurcating
Andhra Pradesh.[53]
A Joint Action Committee (also known as JAC or TJAC) comprising
political and non-political groups was formed to lead the demand for
separate Telangana with Osmania University professor M Kodandaram
Reddy as its convenor.[54]
On 3 February, the government appointed a five-member committee
headed by Justice SriKrishna to look into the issue.[55]
2010: Srikrishna Committee[edit]
Main article: Committee for Consultations on the situation in Andhra
Pradesh
The Srikrishna Committee headed by former Chief Justice B. N.
Srikrishna toured all the regions of state extensively and invited people
from all sections of the society to give their opinion on the statehood. It
received over one lakh petitions and representations from political
parties, organisations, NGOs and individuals. It also held consultations
with political parties and general public while also factoring in the
impact of recent developments on different sections of people such as
women, children, students, minorities, Other Backward Classes,
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[56]
On 16 December 2010, two weeks before the deadline for the
submission of the Srikrishna report, TRS organized a public meeting
in Warangal. It was estimated that over 2.6 million people attended
this meeting. It was reported that even more would have attended, but
were stranded due to traffic jams along roads leading to the city. [57][58]
[59]
TRS president K. Chandrasekhar Rao appealed to Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh to note that the people of Telangana were

losing patience. He demanded that the Centre introduce the Bill on

Telangana in the next session of Parliament.[60][61][62][63]
Days before the Srikrishna committee submitted its report to the
Central government, KCR declared that his party was ready to
wash Sonia Gandhi's feet if she agrees to the Telangana demand. He
said his party is associated with the movement and was willing to
dissolve the party if the state was formed.[64]
Release of the report and summary of findings[edit]
The Indian Home Ministry released the 505 page Srikrishna
committee on 6 January 2011. The committee opined that most
regions of Telangana (excluding Hyderabad) were either "on par or a
shade lower" than Coastal Andhra. When Hyderabad is included,
Telangana fared better. The most backward of all regions was in fact
Rayalaseema. The committee, however, agreed with the violations of
GO 610. Most violations, however, have been in the education and
health sectors due to dearth of qualified locals. It also noted that the
funds released for educational institutions in Telangana were lower
than in the other two regions of the state.The committee did not see
the Telangana movement as a threat to national integrity. Noting the
emotions in the general public about the issue, a perceived neglect in
implementation of assurances given to the region,it also said that "The
continuing demand, therefore, for a separate Telangana, the
Committee felt, has some merit and is not entirely unjustified". The
conclusion of the report included the following statements "Therefore,
after taking into account all the pros and cons, the Committee did not
think it to be the most preferred, but the second best, option.
Separation is recommended only in case it is unavoidable and if this
decision can be reached amicably amongst all the three regions"
Solutions proposed[edit]
The report discusses six solutions to the problem, the preferred option
being keeping the State united by simultaneously providing certain
definite constitutional and statutory measures for socio-economic
development and political empowerment of Telangana region through
the creation of a statutorily empowered Telangana Regional Council.
The second best option is bifurcation of the State into Telangana and
Seemandhra as per existing boundaries, with Hyderabad as the capital
of Telangana and Seemandhra to have a new capital.[13][65]
Reactions to the report[edit]
The eighth chapter of the report was not made public for undisclosed
reasons. After a judgement delivered by Justice L Narasimha Reddy of

Andhra Pradesh High Court, the contents of the "secret" chapter were
submitted to the High Court.[66]The Chief Justice in his 60 page
judgement said "The Committee travelled beyond the terms of
reference in its endeavour to persuade the Union of India not to accede
to the demand for Telangana". The judgement also quoted the SKC
report's 8th chapter and said "The manoeuvre suggested by the
Committee in its secret supplementary note poses an open challenge,
if not threat, to the very system of democracy." The eighth chapter was
not make public after division bench comprising the Chief Justice of the
AP high court has stayed the order of Justice L Narasimha Reddy. [67]
[68]
Hence, the facts of the comments of the judge on the eighth
chapter remain unverified.
2011[edit]
Non-cooperation movement and Million March[edit]
Main article: Early 2011 Telangana protests
On 17 February 2011, a noncooperation movement was started which
lasted for 16 days with participation by 300,000 government
employees. It caused a loss of Rs 8 billion per day in revenue to
government.[69][70] In February and March, Assembly session was
boycotted for weeks and Parliament session was disrupted for several
days by Telangana representatives.[71][72] [73]
Million March was organised by Telangana JAC in Hyderabad on 10
March 2011. In a move to disrupt the march, police arrested over
thousand activists throughout the region and closed down entry to
Hyderabad city by stopping certain transportation services and
diverting traffic.[74][75][76] Around 50,000 people reached the venue of
the march, Tank Bund by hoodwinking police. [77] Telangana activists
damaged 16 statues of personalities representing Telugu culture
language and threw some of the remnants into the lake.[78]
In November 2011, Telangana Rashtra Samiti Vidyarthi Vibhagam
(TRSV) state president Balki Suman was arrested by Hyderabad police
after cases were registered against him in connection with damaging
statues on Tank Bund during the 'Million March,' attacking police
personnel, damaging police and media vehicles.[79]
Mass resignations[edit]
Main article: Mid 2011 Telangana protests
From April till June, the movement saw a lull, [80] with different parties
citing various reasons and fresh deadlines to renew the agitation. In
July, 81 of 119 Telangana MLAs in the state, 12 out of 15 Telangana

ministers in state, 13 out of 17 Telangana MPs in Lok Sabha, 1

Rajyasabha MP (Congress), 20 MLCs resigned protesting delay in the
formation of Telangana. On 30 July 20-year-old Yadi Reddy was found
dead 100 yards from Parliament House in Delhi. An eight-page suicide
note says the young driver from greater Hyderabad region of
Telangana was upset over the government not creating a new state for
his homeland. The speaker of the AP assembly on 23 July summarily
rejected the resignations of all 101 MLAs citing that they were made in
an emotionally surcharged atmosphere. All Telangana MPs who earlier
submitted their resignations and were boycotting the parliament
session also decided to attend the parliament monsoon session citing
Sonia Gandhi's ill health.[81]
Sakala Janula Samme[edit]
Main article: Late 2011 Telangana protests
On 12 September 2011, a day before Sakala Janula Samme (All
people's strike), TRS organised a public meeting in Karimnagar which
was attended by over a million people including TJAC leaders, BJP and
New Democracy party leaders.[82]
Starting 13 September, as part of 'strike by all section of people'
supporting Telangana statehood, government employees throughout
Telangana stayed out of work, lawyers boycotted courts [83] and 60,000
coal miners of Singareni Collieries (SCCL Ltd.) also joined the strike. [84]
[85]
Soon government teachers, state road transport corporation
employees and state electricity board employees joined the strike. [86][87]
On a call given by JAC, road blockades on national highways
throughout Telangana, rail blockade and the strike of auto
rikshaw union were organized on 24 and 25 September causing
disruption in transport services.[88][89] Virtually all sections of people
joined this strike.[90] On 30 September, as the strike entered the 18th
day, even while Congress central leadership met several Telangana
congress leaders, JAC called a bundh in Hyderabad city. [91] On 2
October, JAC leaders, employee unions leaders and TRS leaders
including KCR met Prime minister to explain the situation in Telangna
due to the strike and asked to expedite the decision on the statehood
demand.[92] The strike has resulted in an unprecedented power crisis in
the state with only 223 MU of power generated against the demand of
275MU impacting both the industry and agriculture.[93]
Due to Rail blockade call on 15 October 110 trains were cancelled and
68 trains were diverted by authorities. The railways operated 12 trains
and Hyderabad metro trails with full police protection. Telangana

protestors tried to have sit in on rail platforms or on railway tracks at

various places. Police arrested thousands of protesters including 8 MPs
and 4 MLAs.[94][95]On 16 October public transport employees called off
the strike. Within days other unions too called off the strike one after
another. After 42 days, on 24 October, remaining employees unions
called off the strike. M. Kodandaram said that the strike had impacted
the overall thinking of the Centre towards creation of separate State
and the movement will continue with other protest activities. [96]
On 29 October 2011, three Congress party MLAs belonging to
Telangana region resigned and joined TRS in protest as they were
diappointed with Congress leadership's delay in Telangana state
formation.[97]
On 1 November, Congress MLA Komatireddy Venkat Reddy started an
indefinite hunger strike until the central government announced a
roadmap for Telangana state.[98] 5 days later, the fast was broken when
police arrested him under Section 309 of IPC (attempt to commit
suicide) and shifted him to NIMS, Hyderabad where he was kept under
intravenous fluids. He ended his fast on 9 November. [99] 97-year-old
Freedom fighter Konda Laxman Bapuji also launched his week-long
satyagraha at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi, demanding statehood to the
region.[100]
2012[edit]
Main article: 2012 Telangana protests
In January, BJP led by State party president Kishan Reddy started the
22-day Telangana 'Poru Yatra', across 88 assembly constituencies
stressing the need for Telangana stance.[101] Though the tour was
successful in reiterating the party's pro-Telangana stance, it could not
garner as much support as hoped because of the indifferent attitude of
the TRS & TJAC. In fact the failure of the TRS in declaring its support to
Kishan Reddys yatra has resulted in growing differences between the
two parties.[102]
Bye elections took place on 18 March in 6 Telangana assembly seats.
TRS won 4 out of 5 seats it contested with huge majorities ranging
from 15,024 to 44,465. In 2 out of the 4 seats won by TRS (Kamareddy
& Adilabad), the TRS candidates polled less number of votes compared
to 2009 assembly elections when they contested as candidates from
TDP which was in alliance with TRS. [103][104] Ex-TDP MLA Nagam
Janardhan Reddy won from Nagarkurnool seat as an independent with
TJAC support. Congress lost deposit in one constituency and TDP in 3
constituencies.[105][106]

Bye-polls were conducted for 18 Assembly seats and 1 Parliament seat

on 12 June. The YSRCP won 15 assembly seats and the lone Parliament
seat in Seema-Andhra region. TRS's candidate managed to win the
Parkal seat with a slender majority of 1562 votes over YSRCP candidate
Konda Surekha. TDP finished third after polling 30,000 votes and
retained its deposit. Both BJP & Congress lost their deposits.[107][108]
In September 2012, Sushilkumar Shinde, the newly appointed Home
minister of India commented that the Telangana demand needs to be
handled carefully since similarly carved smaller states saw increased
Naxal problems.[109] Addressing a public meeting in Nizamabad
district, AIMIM president Asaduddin Owaisi said that formation of a
separate Telangana state is not possible and reaffirmed his party's
stand on the issue. He also said that Muslims would not accept a
separate state.[110]
On 14 August 2012, KCR gave a deadline to the centre to declare
statehood in 2 weeks and promised to launch another round of
agitation if the centre doesn't.[111] He later declared that he got feelers
that a positive announcement will be made by Eid. [112] In another
interview after Eid, he remarked that Sonia Gandhi has always been in
favour of Telangana and that the central government will call his party
for discussions in "few weeks or so" [113] On 6 September, KCR left for
Delhi and announced that the issue will be resolved by end of
September.[114] After his 23-day stay in Delhi, KCR returned to
Hyderabad hoping for a final round of talks with the Congress
leadership on the issue. He claimed that his discussions with several
leaders was fruitful.[115]
Telangana March[edit]
After setting 30 September as the deadline for the Centre to announce
the formation of Telangana, the TJAC threatened to organize a
'Telangana March' in Hyderabad on the lines of the 'Dandi March' .[116]
[117]
Anticipating violence and possibility of attack on properties of
Andhraites,[118] Police initially refused permission to the march which is
scheduled around the time of Ganesh Nimmajjan on 29 September
and UN conference on Bio diversity[119] on 1 October.[120] The Police
begun checking buses and trains entering the city and students who
are trying to enter the city to participate in the protest are being sent
back.[121] They identified troublemakers[118] and arrested certain proTelangana activists throughout the Telangana region. Police said that
there are intelligence reports that the protestors could attack
properties of people of Seemandhra.[122]

On 28 September, after long discussions between JAC leaders and

ministers from Telangana region, the state government ignoring
warnings about possible breakdown of law & order, gave permission to
the March. The JAC leaders gave written assurance to the government
that the agitation programme will be conducted in a peaceful and
"gandhian" manner from 15:00 to 19:00 on 30 September on the
Necklace road on the edge of Hussain Sager lake. [123][124] Indian
Railwayscancelled several express & passenger trains and all local and
sub-urban train services in Hyderabad reportedly on the advise of
Police.[125]
On 30 September, the day of the march, Police closed the gates and
blocked students at the Osmania University gate and other protestors
at several places in the city when they were proceeding in rallies
towards the March venue. Congress MPs from Telangana were arrested
in front of Chief minister's office when they staged a dharna as they
were not allowed to meet him over the detention of their party
supporters who were stopped from reaching the venue. [126]
Though police sealed all the entry points to the Necklace Road and
opened only the Buddha Bhavan route, by 4pm around 2 lakh
protestors including various party leaders and their supporters reached
the venue from all routes. Coming under attack from both sides, the
police ceded the entire Necklace Road to the protesters who marched
on till Jal Vihar. According to the Police, the protesters torched two
police vehicles at People's Plaza on the Necklace Road. [127] The mobs
also set afire three police vehicles, a couple of media outdoor
broadcasting vans, machinery and a temporary cabin room of a
construction company.[128] The protesters made an attempt to set on
fire a local train at Khairatabad station. [129] At the railways
Hussainsagar junction cabin, around 1,000 Telangana supporters went
on a rampage overpowering over 100 uniformed men stationed in the
area and burnt down the cabin after manhandling railway staff. The
entire signalling system was damaged and officials pegged the loss at
around Rs. 60 lakh.[130]
After 19:00, TJAC leaders violated the deadline and refused to leave the
venue till the government issues a statement on Telangana. [131] Police
first used water cannons and later lobbed tear gas shells on the crowd
and on to the stage to force the protestors to leave the venue.
[132]
Finally at midnight the JAC called off the March citing heavy rain
and injured supporters.[133]
The next day, local police registered 15 cases against Kodandaram and
others for conducting the march beyond the permitted time of 7 pm

and till midnight and also for violence during the march. Railway police
also registered cases against unidentified persons for damage to the
signalling system at Lakdikapul. Cases were booked against the
student leaders of TSJAC, OUJAC, Telangana Vidyarti Parishad and TVV.
[130]
The bandh drew little response in Hyderabad and was partial in
Telangana districts. Osmania University students again resorted to
stone throwing and police retaliated by using tear gas shells. [134][135]
All Party meeting in December[edit]
On 28 December 2012 a meeting was organised by Sushilkumar
Shinde, Home minister of India to discuss the Telangana issue. It was
attended by 8 political parties having significant presence in the state
legislature. After hearing views of all the parties, the home minister
said that this will be the last such meeting on this issue and that the
government will come up with a decision within 30 days. In the
meeting, MIM & CPI(M) reiterated their strong opposition to division of
the state. YSR Congress remained neutral and requested the central
government to take a decision. Congress representatives gave
conflicting views, one supporting the division & one opposing it.[136][137]
[138]
TDP representatives gave a letter signed by its president which
said that it never withdrawn its letter to Pranab Mukharjee in 2008
supporting Telangana state formation.[139] Telangana JAC demanded
more clarity from Telugu Desam before they allow TDP to be a member
of JAC.[140]
2013[edit]
2013 Witnessed more protest by the TJAC including blockade of the
road blockade of NH 7 in Mahbubnagar district. Public property was
destroyed.[141] This year also witnessed protest by 5 Congress MPs for
48 hours at the entrance of the Indian Parliament.[142]
Leaders from various political parties joined TRS in support of the
movement.[143][144]
Chalo Assembly[edit]
In May 2013, the TJAC gave a call to lay siege to the state legislative
Assembly in Hyderabad on 14 June 2013 to demand the formation of
Telangana. Government refused permission to the march as they had
information that anti-social elements might participate in the event
and cause violence like in previous events of Sagara Haram and Million
March where violence erupted despite promises made by the TJAC.
Police made pre-emptive arrests of activists through the region which
led do stalling of the assembly proceedings by opposition parties.

The chief minister directed the Director-General of Police at a highlevel review meeting not to use even rubber bullets in their efforts and
observe utmost restraint in maintaining law and order. Amid fear of
violence by Naxalites after an open letter claimed to have been written
by them on the rally,[146]police sounded a high alert across the state
and almost sealed all the arterial roads leading to the Assembly. Over
25,000 policemen belonging to both central and state security forces
were deployed. The TJAC leaders alleged that the government has
been using repressive measures to prevent them from representing the
aspirations of Telangana people in a peaceful manner. [147] Educational
institutions declared a holiday and public transport went off the roads
and shops and establishments shut as a precautionary measure. [148][149]
[145]

On the day of the event in spite of the restrictions placed, police could
not totally prevent Telangana activists from sneaking into prime
locations and making a vain bid to rush towards the Assembly.
[150]
Hundreds of people including state legislators, JAC Chaiman and
other leaders were arrested across the city. Osmania University
campus witnessed pitched battles as police closed the campus gate to
stop students leaving campus in a rally then resorted to tear gas
shelling when student started stone pelting. After the march, the TJAC
Chairman remarked that their goal to reach Assembly complex and
highlight their demand was fulfilled.[151]
Congress Core Committee Meeting[edit]
According to an internal survey reportedly done for the state
government (cited by media sources in June), the Congress party will
get around 35-40 seats out of 294 MLA seats in the state, with TRS
ahead in Telangana region while YSRCP in the Seema-Andhra region.
This survey was reportedly being considered to arrive at a decision on
the statehood issue.[152]
On 30 June, Congress leaders belonging to Telangana region organized
a public meeting in Hyderabad with a turn out of over 100,000 to show
their support to Telangana state. It was attended by Damodar Raja
Narasimha, Deputy Chief minister of the state, central ministers, state
ministers, MPs & MLAs who expressed the confidence that their party
leadership will create the separate state soon and said that Congress
will perform well in next elections in such a situation. [153][154][155]
On 1 July, Congress party's in-charge of the state, Digvijay Singh said
that party is at the final stages of taking decision on Telangana issue.
He also directed state chief minister, deputy chief minister and state
party
president
(they
represent
assembly
constituencies

in Rayalaseema, Telangana and Coastal Andhra regions respectively) to

furnish a roadmap, keeping both options open, that could help lead to
a decision.[156] On 11 July the three leaders presented their views in the
Congress core committee meeting, post which it was announced that a
decision will be taken by the Congress Working Committee.[157][158]
The Chief Minister N Kiran Kumar Reddy met several MPs, MLAs and
MLCs on 29 July in a bid to resolve the issue being taken up by the
central Congress government.[159]
CWC resolution on bifurcation[edit]
See also: Samaikyandhra Protests due to the decision
The Congress Working Committee (CWC) unanimously passed a
resolution On 30 July to create the State of Telangana. [160] The
committee also assured that the concerns of people from the
remaining regions regarding sharing of water and power resources will
be addressed. The bifurcation decision sparked off fresh protests as
part of the Samaikyandhra Movement.
Reactions[edit]
TRS welcomed the decision and its chief K. Chadrashekhar Rao said
that his party is fine with Hyderabad being the joint capital. [161] This
was seen as an attempt by the INC to merge TRS into itself for the
general and provincial election after being marginalised in the
Rayalseema and coastal regions by the YSR Congress.[162] A BJP state
level leader gave credit for the move to Gujarat Chief Minister
Narendra Modi by saying that the move by Congress was in reaction to
Modi's tour to Hyderabad on 11 August. [163] BJP national level leaders
reacted by saying that the move was under pressure [164] and that their
party supports the creation of Telangana and Vidarbha. They
demanded that other requests for the creation of new states such as
those of Gorkhaland and Bodoland need to be done by appointing a
Second States Reorganisation Commission earlier too. We now demand
that the government should set it up and seek a report within a specific
timeframe.[165]
Many parties and politicians including the Chief Minister-who hails from
Rayalaseema- protested the bill. Some even termed it as
"undemocratic". The congress and YSRCP were wiped out in the
following elections, however in all three regions of the erstwhile Andhra
Pradesh.Indian general election, 2014.[166][167]
The decision sparked protests by the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) in
the form of an indefinite strike for Gorkhaland. GJM President Bimal
Gurung also resigned from the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration in

demand for Gorkhaland, citing West Bengal government's interference

with its autonomy.[168] It was even speculated by the media that more
such moves could gain steam, such as that by the Bundelkhand Mukti
Morcha for Bundelkhand.[169] Meanwhile, the national Home Ministry
opined that the lack of development in the proposed areas and the
proximity to other hotbeds in Chattishgarh's Bastar and Maharashtra's
Gadhidoli regions might cause an increase in Naxalism in
Telangana Communist Party of India (Maoist) if the administration is not
quickly consolidated.[170]
The next steps towards the re-formation of Telangana, expected by
early 2014, are: The national cabinet sharing its plans with the
President of India and the Andhra Pradesh legislature. The Prime
Minister would then organise a committee to negotiate a consensus
between the leaders from the three regions for issues such as sharing
revenue and water. Both national houses of parliament would then
have to pass a resolution to create Telangana. [171]
Cabinet approval of Telangana state[edit]
3 October 2013, the Union Cabinet approved the creation of the new
State of Telangana. A Group of Ministers (GoM) was created to settle
issues concerning the new state and the State of Andhra Pradesh.
[172]
Hyderabad will be the shared capital for 10 years, after which it will
belong to Telangana, said the Home Minister.[173][174]
On 8 October, recently retired director general of police Dinesh Reddy
said the Chief minister, Kiran Kumar Reddy pressured him to issue a
public statement that the creation of Telangana would lead to
intensification of Maoist activities. He also charged that the CM had
reprimanded him for seeking additional central forces for containing
expected trouble in Seemandhra in the run up to the Congress Working
Committee's Telangana resolution at the end of July.[175]
Events leading to the formation of Telangana[edit]
Formation of Group of Ministers (GoM)[edit]
Govt of India set up the "Group of Ministers"(GOM) headed by union
home minister Sushilkumar Shinde to address all the issues that need
resolution at the central and state government levels during the
formation of Telangana state. GOM met on 11 October for the first time
released its terms of reference]] on 16 Oct. [176] GOM met 2nd time on
19 October and considered the background notes which had been
prepared by the Home Ministry regarding the various issues pertaining
to the bifurcation. It also asked feedback from public to send their

suggestions pertaining to the specific terms of reference before 5

November.[177] On 29 October, the background notes prepared by Home
ministry for GOM appeared in the media.[178] On 30 October, Union
Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde called for an all-party meeting, to
be attended by representatives of national and regional parties of the
state, to discuss the issues related to bifurcation. [179] In a letter to 8
major political parties in the state, home ministry asked the parties to
submit their suggestions to the GoM by 5 November, following which
an all-party meeting will be held.[180] On 13-14 November GOM met the
representatives all parties of the state to discuss (TDP boycotted the
meeting) about the issues related to bifurcation. [181][182] GOM had
meetings including some with CM, Deputy CM, cabinet ministers from
the state and other state leaders while finalizing the Telangana draft
bill.[183]
On 3 December, Talk of including 2 Rayalaseema districts, Ananthapur
district and Kurnool district, in Telangana state by GOM was criticized
by pro Telangana groups. TRS and JAC called for Telangana wide bandh
(strike) on 5 December 2013 which had a good response. [184]
On the evening of 5 December 2013, cabinet approved the Telangana
draft bill prepared by Group of Ministers (GoM). The bill have to
approved by Parliament before it becomes 29th state of the union. [185]
Legislative Proceedings[edit]
6 December 2013: India's Union Home Ministry sends the Telangana
draft bill to The President of India.[186]
11 December 2013: The President of India reviews the bill and passes
it on to the Andhra Pradesh State Assembly to elicit its views, giving it
until 23 January to respond with its views. The bill was urgently handdelivered the following day,to Assembly Secretariat by the Joint
Secretary of Union Home Ministry.[187]
16 December 2013: The Telangana draft bill was introduced in Andhra
Pradesh state assembly by deputy speaker Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka in
speakers absence. This was met by protests and chaos created by the
Seemandhra MLAs.[188]
17 December 2013: Assembly's proceedings remain disrupted. The
Business Advisory Committee (BAC) of the State Assembly decides to
discuss the Bill starting the following day.[189] This evokes mixed
reactions including allegations on Seemandhra leaders' attempt to
derail the bill by delaying the process.

18,19 December 2013: Assembly proceedings continue to be

disrupted. The situation forces the speaker, Nadendla Manohar to
adjourn the house until 3 January.This is met with protests from the
Telangana MLAs.[190] Telangana and Seemandhra leaders meet The
President Pranab Mukherjee vying with each other to complain about
the way the Telangana bill was being handled.[191]
1 January 2014: 2 days before the start of the next assembly session,
the Chief Minister replaces D Sridhar Babu with S Sailajanath. This
move comes criticized as the former hails from Telangana and the
latter is actively involved withSamaikyandhra Movement. Sridhar
Babu resigns from the cabinet in protest.[192]
3,4 January 2014: Situation fails to improve as Assembly sessions
remain disrupted.[193][194]
6 January 2014: Unable to continue Assembly sessions amid chaos, the
speaker requests members to submit written amendments, if any, to
the clauses of the Bill by 10 January.[195]
8 January 2014: The bill is finally taken up for debate. However, this
lasts for only a few minutes with the YSR Congress Party MLAs
resuming protests.[196]
9 January: The debate continues only after YSRCP MLAs were
suspended. While there was polarization on regional lines, debate more
or less turned into a blame game over the state bifurcation issue as
every party indulged in a game of political one-upmanship. Congress
leader from Seemandhra and minister Vatti Vasanth Kumar spoke
opposing the Telangana bill and said bifurcation is against Seemandhra
interests.[197][198] On 10 January, debate started after YSRCP members
staged walk out. Among others, TRS floor leader, E Rajender spoke in
length supporting Telangana bill while highlighting the grievances of
Telangana people and the history of the movement. CPI floor leader G
Mallesh, Congress leader from Telangana and government chief whip
Gandra Venkaramana Reddy spoke supporting Telangana bill. House
was adjorned until 17 January.[199] After 17 January, debate had less
disruptions. Chief Minister requested the President 4week additional
time for the debate a move opposed by Telangana leaders. [200] On 23
January, President gave 7days extension, until 30 January, for assembly
to give its views on Telangana draft bill.[201]
23-25 Jan 2014: The Chief Minister presents his analysis on how the
bifurcation is detrimental to both regions, the highlights being the
effect on current irrigation projects in Telangana and better subsidized
electricity given to farmers of Telangana. Telangana MLAs ridicule the

Chief Minister and prevent the proceedings citing no opportunity to

make a counter argument. The Chief Minister later expresses his
opinion as the AP Reorganization Bill-2013 being defective. Other
members view this as an unduly delayed reaction.[202][203]
27 Jan 2014: Chief Minister Kirankumar Reddy, gave notice to assembly
speaker requesting to move resolution rejecting the Telangana bill. The
move was criticized by Telangana MLAs including the ministers and
deputy chief minister saying that cabinet was not consulted on the
subject. They said this "amounts to defying the Union Cabinet,
Constitution and President". After this, no debate was possible in the
assembly as Telangana members insisted that speaker reject the Chief
minister's notice.[204]
On 30 January 2014, Andhra Pradesh assembly speaker declared that
assembly completed the debate and all the members gave their views.
He said, he would send to the President of India a compilation of 9,072
suggestions and amendments he received in writing from members,
including 87 members who had spoken on the Bill in the house. Further
he accepted the Chief minister's notice of resolution to reject the AP
Reorganization Bill and declared that resolution passed by voice vote
without even waiting for the MLAs in the house to say aye, admist
pandemonium and protests from Telangana MLAs. Earlier in the day
Seemandhra members rushed to the well of the House demanding that
the resolution moved by the CM, without cabinet approval, be put to
vote, those from the Telangana region, including the ministers and
deputy chief minister, did the same with the demand that there should
be no voting. At 11.30 pm, in what appears to be a coordinated
strategy between the speaker, the chief minister and the Seemandhra
legislators, all the members from that region converged at the well of
the House and formed a wall around the speaker even as Manohar read
out the resolution, put it to voice vote and declared it as having been
passed. The bill will now be sent back to President Pranab Mukherjee
after which it is slated to be tabled in Parliament. [205][206][207] The
resolution was placed in the house and was declared passed within 15
seconds.[208] Analysts say "rejection of Telangana bill" is not valid and is
useful only for political grand standing. [209] Union cabinet minister Jaipal
Reddy said that the resolution to reject the Telangana bill was passed
in the assembly by cheating and it has no statutory and political
sanctity.[210] General secretary of Congress Party and party's in-charge
for Andhra Pradesh, Digvijay Singh said that the bill that the President
sent to the Assembly was never meant to be put to vote and said that
the Congress high command and the Center would go ahead with its

plans to introduce and pass the Telangana Bill in Parliament during the
forthcoming session.[211]
On 4 February, GOM cleared the Telangana bill after making few
amendments to it based upon the input from state assembly. [212]
On 7 February, Union cabinet cleared the Telangana bill and plans to
introduce in upper house of Parliament with 32 amendments.
Amendments include the details of financial package to Seemandhra to
address their concerns.[213]
On 13 February, Telangana bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha, the
lower house of Parliament, by Union home minister,Sushilkumar
Shinde despite protests, disruptions of Seemandhra MPs. In an
unprecedented incidence, the use of pepper spray by Seemandhra
MP, Lagadapati Rajagopal in the Lok Sabha during the introduction of
the bill caused all the members to leave the house and some members
to be hospitalized.[214]
18 February 2014: the Telangana Bill is passed by the Lok Sabha with
support from the BJP and Congress.[215] Broadcast of the proceedings
enters a blackout during the voice vote. This caused widespread
criticism of the manner in which the bill was passed.[216]
20 February 2014: The Telangana bill is passed by Rajya Sabha with
the support form the BJP.[217] The bill receives the assent of the
President and published in the gazette on 1 March 2014. [218] On 4
March 2014 the Government of India declares 2 June 2014 the
Telangana Formation Day.[219] Telangana is the 29th state of the Union
of India with Hyderabad as its capital. Both states will share the capital
for 10 years until Seemandhra can establish its own. However, the
revenues of Hyderabad will go only to Telangana. No special status was
accorded to Seemandhra, though it was hinted in the Telangana Bill. [220]
In popular culture[edit]
Literature

Battleground Telangana: Chronicle of an Agitation by Kingshuk

Nag.

Telangana: The State of Affairs by M. Bharath Bhushan and N.

Venugopal.
Film

Jai Bolo Telangana (2011). It won Nandi awards for Best Director,
Lyricist, National Integration, Male Playback Singer, Male Dubbing
Artist.

Inkennallu (2011).
actress.[221]

It

won Nandi

award for

Best

Supporting

History
Telangana, as a geographical and political entity was born on
June 2, 2014 as the 29th and the youngest state in Union of India.
However, as an economic, social, cultural and historical entity it
has a glorious history of at least two thousand five hundred years
or more. Megalithic stone structures like cairns, cists, dolmens
and menhir s found in several districts of Telangana show that
there were human habitations in this part of the country
thousands of years ago. Remnants of iron ore smelting found at
many places demonstrate the hoary roots of artisanship and tool
making in Telangana for at least two thousand years. The
reference to Asmaka Janapada, part of present Telangana, as one
of the 16 Janapadas in ancient India proves that there exist ed an
advanced stage of society.
One of the first five disciples of the Buddha, Kondanna is a
typical name from Telangana and though there is no exact
information about his native place, the earliest known Buddhist
township of Kondapur in Medak district is believed to be after him.
The Buddha himself famously acknowledged that it was Kondanna
who understood him properly. The Buddhist sources say that
Bavari, a Brahmin from Badanakurti in Karimnagar sent his
disciples to all the way to north India to learn Buddhism and

spread the message in this region. Megasthenes, who visited India

in the 4th century BCE, wrote that there were 30 fortified towns of
Andhras and a majority of them were in Telangana. In the
historical age, Telangana had given rise to mighty empires and
kingdoms
like
the
Satavahanas,
Vakatakas,
Ikshvakus,
Vishnukundins, Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Qutb Shahis and Asif Jahis.
The emergence and flourishing of these powerful political
formations is in itself a proof of existence of a sturdy economic,
social and cultural structure.
Thus Telangana has been a vibrant social entity by the time of the
Buddha and continued to be so for the next two and a half
millennia. Endowed with
such rich cultural heritage, despite the attempts by historians and
scholars from Andhra region to obfuscate and erase its history,
Telangana always
retained and fought for its self respect and self rule. Due to the
official efforts to ignore, erase, belittle and look down Telangana
history and turn it into
an appendage or a footnote, particularly during 1956-2014, much
of Telangana history is either not properly researched or not
recorded even if it was
studied. Telangana rose again and secured its political identity
now and is in the process of resurrecting its own glorious past.
Here is an attempt to
reconstruct the history of Telangana, the wonderful musical
instrument with a thousand strings.
Pre-history (Up to 1000 BCE)
Even though extensive exploration has not been done,
particularly subjected to neglect after 1956, the archaeological
department under the Nizams
government had done tremendous work in discovering the traces
of pre-historical human habitations in Telangana. These studies
found that human
habitations in parts of Telangana can be seen from the Paleolithic
age consistently. Either the same locations or extended locations
showed people
History (/About/History)
(/)
8/12/2015 Telangana State Portal History

http://www.telangana.gov.in/about/history 2/5
continued to live and develop through the later stages of
Mesolithic, Neolithic and Metal ages. Excavations discovered
stone tools, microliths, cists,
dolmens, cairns and menhirs. All the ten districts of Telangana
showed these traces even when a proper, scientific and official
research and
excavations have not been done and thanks to the efforts of
either the first generation researchers before 1950s or individual
amateur explorations.
Pre-Satavahanas (1000 BCE 300 BCE)
In the historical age beginning from 1000 BCE there are some
references of Telangana as a geographical entity as well as Telugu
as a linguistic entity, in
the contemporary Buddhist and mythological texts. However, it
needs a detailed research to discover finer aspects and establish
the stage of
development of pre-Satavahana society. Thought the official
research into this aspect was stalled for about six decades, some
enthusiasts like Thakur
Rajaram Singh, B N Sastry and Dr D Raja Reddy did their own
painstaking explorations and showed that there was a flourishing
society before the
emergence of the Satavahanas. Particularly Dr Raja Reddy proved
with numismatic evidence that there were rulers before the
Satavahanas with
Kotalingala as capital and issued their own coins. In these
excavations the coins of Gobada, Naarana, Kamvaaya and
Samagopa were discovered and at
least two other rulers names came to light. Thus Telangana
happens to be the first region in the subcontinent to have issued
punch-marked coins
with even insignia. The Buddhist texts as well as accounts of
foreigners like Magesthenes and Arrian talked about this region as
having thirty forts,
many of which have to be explored.
Satavahanas (250 BCE 200 CE)

After the fall of the Mauryan Empire, around the third century BC
there arose the first significant kingdom under the Satavahanas
from this region. The
earliest capital of the Satavahanas was Kotalingala and then
moved to the other popular capitals like Paithan and Amaravati
(Dharanikota) only after
two centuries of their rule. However, the first capital was either
ignored or brushed aside to give prominence to the later place in
coastal Andhra. The
coins issued by the Satavahana kings Simuka (BC 231-208), Siri
Satavahana, Satakani I, Satasiri, Satakani II, Vasittiputta Pulumayi,
Vasittiputta Satakani
and their governors were discovered in Kotalingala. Numismatic
and epigraphic evidence showed that the Satavahanas ruled a
larger area of the
peninsula, with oceans as borders on three sides. Literature like
Gathasaptashati, painting like Ajanta flourished during the
Satavahana rule.
Post-Satavahana (200 CE 950 CE)
After the fall of Satavahanas in the third century AD, Teluguspeaking areas were divided under various small rulers and till the
emergence of the
Kakatiyas, for about six or seven centuries this fragmentation
continued. Even as the mainstream Andhra historians maintained
that it was a dark
period in Telangana history without any political formation, the
current research found that Telangana was ruled by various
kingdoms like the
Ikshvakus, Vakatakas, Vishnukundins, Badami Chalukyas,
Rashtrakutas, Vemulavada Chalukyas, Kalyani Chalukyas,
Mudigonda Chalukyas, Kanduri
Chodas and Polvasa dynasty. A detailed research into this period
is yet to take place.
Kakatiyas (950 CE 1323 CE)
The sub-feudatories of the Rashtrakutas emerged themselves as
independent kings and founded the Kakatiya dynasty around 950
AD and this

kingdom became strong and united whole of Telugu-speaking

lands and lasted for more than three centuries and a half. The
kingdom saw powerful
kings like Ganapatideva, Rudradeva and Prataparudra as well as
the first ever woman ruler in the subcontinent Rudramadevi. The
Kakatiyas ruled from
Hanumakonda in the beginning and shifted their capital to
Warangal later.
The Kakatiyas are known for their irrigation public works,
sculpture and fire arts. Thanks to the well-planned irrigation
facilities and a perfect system of
chain tanks to suit the undulating nature of the terrain, the
Kakatiya kingdom flourished economically leading to cultural
progress also. Envy of this
affluence, several ne ighbouring kingdoms as well as Delhi
Sultanate tried to wage war on Warangal many times and failed.
Finally in 1323, Delhi army
could lay seize on Warangal fort and capture Prataparudra, who,
according to the legend, killed himself on the banks of the
Narmada unwilling to
surrender when he was being taken as prisoner of war to Delhi.
Post-Kakatiya Interregnum (1323 1496)
After Prataparudra was defeated by Malik Kafur in 1323, the
Kakatiya kingdom was again fragmented with local governors
declaring independence and
for about 150 years Telangana was again under different rulers
like Musunuri Nayakas, Padmanayakas, Kalinga Gangas,
Gajapatis, and Bahmanis.
Qutbshahis (1496 - 1687)
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, subedar for Telangana under the
Bahamanis, with Golconda as his capital, declared his
independence in 1496 and seven
sultans of this dynasty ruled not only Telangana but the entire
Telugu-speaking land including parts of present day Maharashtra
and Karnataka. The

Moghul empire waged war and defeated Golconda in 1687 and for
about three decades Telangana was again witnessed chaos and
fragmented rulers.
Asaf Jahis (1724-1948)
In 1712, Emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Qamar-ud-din Khan as
the viceroy of Deccan and gave him the title Nizam-ul-Mulk . He
was later recalled to
Delhi, with Mubariz Khan appointed as the viceroy. In 1724,
Qamar-ud-din Khan defeated Mubariz Khan and reclaimed the
Deccan suba. It was
established as an autonomous province of the Mughal empire. He
took the name Asif Jah, starting what came to be known as the
Asif Jahi dynasty. He
8/12/2015 Telangana State Portal History
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named the area Hyderabad Deccan. Subsequent rulers retained
the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were called Asaf Jahi Nizams or
Nizams of Hyderabad. The
Medak and Warangal divisions of Telangana were part of their
realm.
When Asaf Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to
contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by
opportunistic
neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769,
Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams.
Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV signed the Subsidiary Alliance with
the British in 1799 and lost its control over the state's defense
and foreign affairs.
Hyderabad State became a princely state among the presidencies
and provinces of British India.
A total of seven Nizam's ruled Hyderabad. (there was a period of
13 years after the rule of Asaf Jah I, when three of his sons (Nasir
Jung, Muzaffar Jung
and Salabath Jung) ruled. They were not officially recognised as
the rulers:
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I (Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan)
Nasir Jung (Mir Ahmed Ali Khan)
Muzaffar Jung (Mir Hidayat Muhi-ud-din Sa'adullah Khan)

Salabat Jung (Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan)

Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah II (Mir Nizam Ali Khan)
Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III (Mir Akbar Ali Khan)
Nasir-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah IV (Mir Farqunda Ali Khan)
Afzal-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah V (Mir Tahniyath Ali Khan)
Asaf Jah VI (Mir Mahbub Ali Khan)
Asaf Jah VII (Mir Osman Ali Khan)
Post-independence
When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947,
Hyderabad remained an independent princely state for a period of
13 months.
The peasants of Telangana waged an armed struggle to liberate
the region. Scores of people lost their lives in the armed struggle.
The private militia
named Razakars, under the leadership of Qasim Razwi unleashed
terror in the state by resorting to looting and murder.
On 17 September 1948, the Indian government conducted a
military operation called Operation Polo to bring Hyderabad state
into the Indian Union. It
appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as first chief minister of
Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950.
In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected chief minister
of the Hyderabad State in its first democratic election. During this
time, there was an
agitation by locals in the state to ensure proper representation
was given to locals ( mulkis ) of Hyderabad.
First Telangana Movement
In early 1950s, people of Telangana region in Hyderabad state,
started organizing themselves with a demand for separate state.
In 1953 the Indian
government appointed the States Reorganization Commission
(SRC) to look into various statehood demands in the country. The
Commission was
headed by Fazal Ali, Kavalam Madhava Panikkar and H.N. Kunzru
The SRC toured the whole country to seek representations from
various sections of the society. People of Telangana region
submitted several

memorandums to the SRC and expressed their wish to constitute

Telangana as a separate state. Telangana intellectuals such as
late Prof Jayashankar
and political leaders such as Sri HC Heda, Sri Konda Venkat Ranga
Reddy gave memorandums containing historic, political,
economic, social and
cultural justifications for creating the Telangana state. The
Commission submitted its report on 30 September 1955, and
recommended formation of
Telangana state.
During the period between 1955 September and 1956 November,
the people of Telangana launched a series of protests demanding
statehood by
implementing the SRC recommendations. But intense lobbying by
leaders from Andhra state in New Delhi resulted in the merger of
Telangana region
in Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh state.
Telangana leaders insisted on a Gentlemens Agreement before
the merger could take place. The agreement was signed by
Andhra and Telangana
leaders and provided safeguards with the purpose of preventing
discrimination against Telangana by the Andhra leaders.However,
the agreement was
violated from day one by the Andhra leaders.
1969 Telangana Agitation
Non-implementation of Gentlemens Agreement and continued
discrimination to Telangana region in government jobs, education
and public spending
resulted in the 1969 statehood agitation.
In January 1969, students intensified the protests for a separate
state. On 19 January, all party accord was reached to ensure the
proper
implementation of Telangana safeguards. Accord's main points
were 1) All non-Telangana employees holding posts reserved for
Telangana locals will
be transferred immediately. 2) Telangana surpluses will be used
for Telangana development. 3) Appeal to Telangana students to
call off agitation.

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But the protests further intensified, as more and more students
and employees joined the statehood movement. Police firing on
protesters led to the
death of about 369 youngsters during this phase of the agitation.
Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi called for a high-level meeting
to discuss the
statehood issue. After several days of talks with leaders of both
regions, on 12 April 1969, the Prime Minister developed an Eight
Point Plan. Sri M.
Chenna Reddy, founded the Telangana Praja Samithi (TPS)
political party in 1969 to spearhead the statehood movement.
Mrs. Indira Gandhi had called snap parliamentary elections in
March 1971. In these parliamentary elections, Telangana Praja
Samithi won 10 out the 14
Parliament seats in Telangana. However, Indira Gandhis Congress
(R) Party scored a landslide victory on a platform of progressive
policies such as
poverty elimination (Garibi Hatao). She was reluctant to accept
the Telangana statehood demand at that juncture. Sri M Chenna
Reddy then merged
TPS in Congress (R) party, after formulating a Six-Point Formula to
safeguard Telanganas interests. The statehood movement
continued until 1973, but
subsided later.
Final Telangana Movement
Since mid 1990s, the people of Telangana started organizing
themselves under various organizations with a demand for
separate state of Telangana.
In 1997, the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) passed a
resolution seeking a separate Telangana. Though the party
created the states of
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttarakhand in 2000, it did not
create a separate Telangana state citing resistance of its coalition
partner, Telugu Desam
Party.

Sri Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), who was then the

Deputy Speaker of AP State assembly, had started background
work on Telangana issue in
early 2000. And after detailed discussions and deliberations with
a plethora of Telangana intellectuals, KCR announced the launch
of Telangana
Rashtra Samithi on May 17th 2001.
KCR had resigned to the post of Deputy Speaker and MLA before
launching the Telangana Rashtra Samithi party. Prof Jayashankar,
the ideologue of
statehood movement extended his support to KCR.
In 2004, TRS entered into a poll alliance with Congress party. The
party won 26 MLAs and 5 MPs and entered into both the AP state
and Indian
government. Telangana issue found a place in UPA-1 Common
Minimum Program. Statehood issue was also mentioned by
President Abdul Kalam and
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in their speeches.
TRS president KCR, was initially allotted the Shipping portfolio. But
another UPA ally DMK demanded Shipping portfolio and
threatened to walk out of
the coalition, if its demand was not met, KCR voluntarily
relinquished the Shipping portfolio to save the fledgling UPA-1
government. KCR remained as a
Union Minister without portfolio, before being given the L abour
and Employment portfolio. As the UPA government continued to
dilly-dally on the
decades old demand for Telangana state, KCR resigned to his
ministry in 2006.
When a Congress leader made a belittling statement on the
statehood movement in September 2006, KCR resigned to the
Karimnagar Lok Sabha seat
and won it with a thumping majority. The massive majority
achieved by KCR in that election proved the strong statehood
aspirations in the region.
In April 2008, TRS party MLAs resigned also walked out of the
state government in protest against the delay in Telangana
formation. But, TRS could
retain only 7 MLA and 2 Lok Sabha seats in this by-election.

In 2009 elections, TRS allied with TDP, CPI and CPM parties. The
grand alliance did not yield the desired result, as the ProTelangana vote got split
between TRS, Congress, PRP and BJP. In the end, TRS could win
only 10 MLA seats and 2 MP seats.
Intensifying the movement
On Nov 29th, 2009 , KCR had announced an indefinite hunger
strike demanding statehood to Telangana. But en route, the state
police had arrested
him and sent to Khammam sub-jail. The movement spread like
wildfire with students, empl oyees, peoples organizations
plunging into it. In the next 10
days, the whole of Telangana region came to a standstill.
The state government, headed by Sri K Rosaiah had called for an
all-party meeting on 7th December. Leaders of TDP and PRP
parties promised that
they would support a Telangana statehood resolution if it was
tabled in the state Assembly. As KCRs health was deteriorating
very fast, on Dec 9th
2009, the UPA government announced that the process of
statehood for Telangana would be initiated.
But within 2 weeks, resistance from Seemandhra leadership
resulted in UPA backtracking on this issue. KCR then brought all
political forces in
Telangana region together to form the Telangana JAC an
umbrella body of several organizations and parties, with Prof
Kodandaram as its Chairman.
TRS cadre and leaders actively participated in several agitations
and protests launched by TJAC.
State Formation
After 4 years of peaceful and impactful protests, the UPA
government started the statehood process in July 2013 and
concluded the process by
passing the statehood bill in both houses of Parliament in Feb
2014.
In the General Elections held in April 2014, Telangana Rashtra
Samithi emerged victorious by winning 63 of the 119 seats and
formed the government.

Sri K Chandrashekar Rao was sworn in as the First Chief Minister

of Telangana. The Telangana state was inaugurated formally on
June 2nd 2014.

1969 Telangana Agitation

1969 Telangana Agitation was a political movement for the
statehood for Telangana region. It is a major event inTelangana
movement. In the indiscriminate police firing, 369 students
belonging to Telangana were killed.
Contents
[hide]

1 History and Background

2 JanuaryApril 1969

3 Eight point plan

4 Government spending diversion

5 Chenna Reddy and Telangana Praja Samithi

6 Memorial

7 References
History and Background[edit]

Map of India with the Telangana region highlighted in red

In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was
appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines.
[1]
The commission, due to public demand, recommended
disintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi speaking
region with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region
with Mysore state. The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC)
discussed the pros and cons of a merger between Telugu speaking
Telangana region of Hyderabad state andAndhra state. Para 374
of the SRC report said "The creation of Vishalandhra is an ideal to
which numerous individuals and public bodies, both in Andhra and
Telangana, have been passionately attached over a long period of
time, and unless there are strong reasons to the contrary, this
sentiment is entitled to consideration".Discussing the case of
Telangana, para 378 of the SRC report said "One of the principal
causes of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems to be the
apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of
Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more
advanced people of the coastal areas." In its final analysis SRC
recommended against the immediate merger. In para 386 it said
"After taking all these factors into consideration we have come to
the conclusions that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as
Telangana, if for the present, the Telangana area is to constitute
into a separate State, which may be known as the Hyderabad
State with provision for its unification with Andhra after the

general elections likely to be held in or about 1961 if by a two

thirds majority the legislature of the residuary Hyderabad State
expresses itself in favor of such unification."
After going through the recommendations of the SRC, the then
Home Minister Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant decided to merge
Andhra state and Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on 1
November 1956 after providing safeguards to Telangana in the
form of Gentlemen's agreement.
JanuaryApril 1969[edit]
In the years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, people
of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how theagreements
and guarantees were implemented. Discontent intensified in
January, when the guarantees that had been agreed on were
supposed to lapse. All the Andhra employees who migrated to
capital city in 1956 will be considered 'local' in 1969 after 12
years of residence per mulki rules. Student agitation for the
continuation of the agreement began at Palvancha in Khammam
district and spread to other parts of the region. One section of
students (which appeared dominant) wanted a separate state of
Telangana while the other wanted implementation of safeguards.
[2]

On 19 January, all party accord was reached to ensure the

proper implementation of Telangana safeguards. Accord's main
points were
1. All non-Telangana employees holding posts reserved for
Telangana locals will be transferred immediately
2. Telangana surpluses will be used for Telangana development
3. Appeal to Telangana students to call off agitation. [3]

On January 23, protests turned violent when a crowd of about

1000 agitators tried to set fire to a Sub-Inspector's residence. This
resulted in police firing in which 17 people were injured who were
admitted to various hospitals. Meanwhile certain Andhra
employees challenged the transfer orders promised by the all
party accord,by filing a petition in the AP high court. [4]On January
29, Army was called in by the government to maintain law & order
as the Agitation quickly turned violent.[5] In February, Mulki rules
(local jobs for local people), as promised in Gentleman's
agreement, were declared by high court as void but this
judgement was stayed by divisional bench of high court.
[6]
Quoting statistics of development in Telangana area over the
last 12 years, the chief minister maintained the state of the
Andhra Pradesh was "irreversible" and made an appeal to people
to help maintain unity & integrity. [7] Protests continued in March,
and a bundh turned violent when protestors burnt buses.
In April, protestors tried to disrupt a meeting of CPI (which was
opposed to the division of the state) by indulging in stone-pelting.
Police had to resort to live firing after their attempts to control the
crowd by lathi-charge & firing in the air didn't yield results. In the
ensuing firing, 3 people were killed and several injured. [8][9] Around
354 arrests were made related to various arson incidents during
the agitation. Then Prime minister Indira Gandhi called for a highlevel meeting to discuss the issue while ruling out the division of
the state.[10] After several days of talks with leaders of both
regions, on 12 April 1969, Prime minister came up with Eight
point plan.[11]
Eight point plan[edit]
After several days of talks with leaders of both regions, on 12 April
1969, Prime minister came up with Eight point plan.[12]

Eight point plan: This plan includes appointment of Five

committees:
1. High-powered committee would be set up to determine
financial surpluses to Telangana
2. Telangana development committee
3. Plan implementation committee
4. Committee of jurists to be consulted on safeguards
5. Committees to look into grievances of public servants
Telangana leaders were not satisfied with the accord. [13]
Government spending diversion[edit]
Justice Bhargava committee which looked into Telangana
surpluses, found that 283 million rupees diverted from Telangana
to Andhra region between 1956 and 1968. Economist C H
Hanumanth Rao further analyzed the data from the committee
report and concluded that for Telangana, cumulative surplus with
interest during that period was 1.174 Billion rupees. [14][15]During
this period, the revenue budget of the state grew from 586 million
rupees in 1957 to 2.04 billion rupees in 1968.[16][17][18][19][20]
Government employees and opposition members of the state
legislative assembly threatened "direct action" in support of the
students.[21] Purushotham Rao was for outright separation, and he
supported the student views. He unveiled a map of Telangana in
the state assembly.[22]
Chenna Reddy and Telangana Praja Samithi[edit]
Although the Congress faced some dissension within its ranks, its
leadership stood against additional linguistic states. As a result,
defectors from the Congress, led by M. Chenna Reddy, founded

the Telangana Praja Samithi(TPS) political party in 1969 which

intensified the movement. In June, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
came to Hyderabad to discuss the issue with Telangana leaders.
Telangana employee unions started strike on June 10 supporting
Telangana movement. Major leaders of the movement were jailed
in July and released in August upon court's intervention. [23] With
the success of bye elections, TPS become full fledged political
party. Due to Congress party's refusal of formation of Telangana
state, TPS decided to contest Parliamentary election alone even
though Congress party tried to become electoral ally. In the May
1971 parliamentary elections, Telangana Praja Samithi won 10 out
the 14 Parliament seats in Telangana. [24][25] Despite these electoral
successes, some of the new party leaders gave up their agitation
in September 1971 after realizing that the Prime Minister was not
inclined to towards a separate state of Telangana, and rejoined
the safer political haven of the Congress ranks. [26] In a book
written by then Secretary of External Affairs, T.N. Kaul and
published in 1982, he mentioned that in 1969 Prime minister
Indira Gandhi wanted to commence the process of formation of a
separate state for Telangana by instructing Sri P.N. Haksur, her
senior secretary in the PMO, but she had to withdraw at the last
minute due to intervention by Kaul who dissuaded her from it by
reminding that Hyderabads case was pending in the Security
Council.[27] United Nations dropped the Hyderabads case on 2
September 1979.[28]
During this period, the Government promised to correct what
critics saw as a violation of the promises of the Gentleman's
agreement in the areas of jobs, budget allocations, and
educational facilities.[29] Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was strongly
against the division of the state, but on her recommendation, P. V.
Narasimha Rao became the first Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh
from Telangana on 30 September 1971.[30] [1] [2]

In 1972, candidates of the Telangana Praja Samithi party

contested all the available seats for the assembly elections.
However, only Thakkalapalli Purushothama Rao got elected,
from Wardhannapet constituency in Warangal District.
Memorial[edit]
A memorial called Gun Park was built near Public Gardens,
Hyderabad to commemorate students who lost their lives in the
struggles of 1969. 369 people died during this agitation, most of
them were students and were killed in police firing. [31][32][33]
In Warangal the student forces were very strong to