2012OHS Policies and Procedures

Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify and apply OHS policies
and procedures in Computer Hardware Servicing.

Occupational Health and Safety Policy

Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all occupational health and safety programs is to
foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted
by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among many subject areas, including
occupational medicine, occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry,
health physics.
Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to when working with any electrical
device, including personal computers and peripherals. This is for the protection of not only the people
working with them, but also for the devices themselves. The basis for this process begins with your
Occupational Health and Safety Policies.
Personal Safety While Working Along With PCs

While working inside your computer, do not attempt to service the computer except as explained
in this guide and elsewhere in product documentation. Always follow the instructions closely.
Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed if you
dont follow proper safety guidelines when working along PCs. The following are some precautionary
measures to take before working with any computer equipment:

Before you start to work on the computer, perform the following steps in the sequence indicated:
1. Turn off the computer and all peripherals.
2. Touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis, such as the metal around the card-slot
openings at the back of your computer, before touching anything inside your computer.
3. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets. Doing so reduces the
potential for personal injury or shock. Also disconnect any telephone or telecommunication lines
from the computer.
NOTE: Before disconnecting a peripheral from the system or removing a component from the
system board, verify that the standby power light-emitting diode (LED) on the system board has
turned off.

While you work, periodically touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis to
dissipate any static electricity that might harm internal components.
In addition, it is recommended that you periodically review the safety instructions in your
System Information Guide.

Additional Safety tips:

Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being shocked or
seriously injured in an electrical accident.

Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.

Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.

Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.

Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.

When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down properly. Do not turn it off with the
case switch.

Dont eat or drinks while working.

Computer Basics
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." the computer sees data as
one's and zero's but he knows how to combined them into more complex things such as a photograph, a
movie, a website, a game and much more.
Computer use a combination of "Hardware" & "Software"
Hardware is any physical part of the computer which include all the internal components and also the
external part like the monitor and the keyboard.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do such as a web browser, media player
or word processor.
Type of computers
A. Desktop Computer
B. Laptop or Netbooks
Personal computers comes in two main style which is PC & Mac, PC's are the most common type there
are many different companies that makes them and they usually come with the Microsoft Windows
operating system, while Mac's or Macintosh computers are all made by one company which is Apple, and
the come with the MAC OS Operating System.
Other Devices uses a computer

A. Mobile phones
B. Tablets
C. Game consoles
D. TV's

The PC System
As a Technician, you should know and be able to identify the components found in a typical
personal computer system. The PC is modular by design. It is called a system because it includes all the
components required to make a functional computer.
Types of Computer

A workstation is a high-end personal computer designed for technical or scientific

applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly
connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.

Desktop computer

Desktop computers come in a variety of styles ranging from large vertical tower
cases to small form factor models that can be tucked behind an LCD monitor. In
this sense, the term 'desktop' refers specifically to a horizontally-oriented case,
usually intended to have the display screen placed on top to save space on the
desk top. Most modern desktop computers have separate screens and keyboards.

Laptop
A laptop computer or simply laptop, also called a notebook
computer or sometimes a notebook, is a small personal
computer designed for portability.

System unit The main computer cabinet, usually referred to as a case,

housing the primary components of the system. This includes the main logic
board (System board or mother board), processor, memory, disk drives, switching power supply, and
the interconnecting wires and cables. The system unit also includes expansion cards to provide audio,

video, networking and other functionality. Expansion cards vary from system to
system.
Keyboard The most familiar computer input device, the keyboard is
used to introduce characters and commands into the system.
A central processing unit (CPU), also referred to as a central processor unit, is the
hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.
A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board,
planar board or logic board,[1] or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit
board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the
crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU)
and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a
motherboard contains significant sub-systems such as the processor.
A video card (also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card, graphics
board, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an expansion card which generates a
feed of output images to a display. Most video cards offer various functions such as
accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV
output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor).
A network interface controller (NIC) (also known as a network interface card, network
adapter, LAN adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that
connects a computer to a computer network.
A

sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that
facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control
of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces
that use software to generate sound, as opposed to using hardware inside the PC. Typical
uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such
as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and
video projection.
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. A random-access device
allows stored data to be accessed directly in any random order. In contrast, other data
storage media such as hard disks, CDs, DVDs and magnetic tape, as well as early
primary memory types such as drum memory, read and write data only in a predetermined
order, consecutively, because of mechanical design limitations. Therefore the time to access a given
data location varies significantly depending on its physical location.

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital
information using rapidly rotating discs (platters) coated with magnetic material. An HDD
retains its data even when powered off. Data is read in a random-access manner, meaning
individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order rather than sequentially. An
HDD consists of one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating discs (platters) with magnetic heads
arranged on a moving actuator arm to read and write data to the surfaces.
A computer case is also known as a "computer chassis", "tower", "system unit",
"base unit" or simply "case". Also sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU" or
"hard drive", it is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer.
Form factors typically specify only the internal dimensions and layout of the case. For
rack-mounted and blade servers form factors may include precise external dimensions as well, since
these cases must themselves fit in specific enclosures
Mouse An input device used with graphical user interfaces (GUI) to point to, select, or
activate images on the video monitor. By moving the mouse along a surface, the user
can cause a cursor on the display to move in a corresponding manner.
Video display or Monitor A Visual output device that displays characters and
graphics on screen.

Printers A hard copy output device that applies data to paper. Normally, methods of
placing information on a page include dot-matrix printer, inkjet printer and laser
printer.

Speakers Audio output devices used to deliver voice, music and coded messages.

A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power

for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally
use a switched-mode power supply. Some power supplies have a manual selector for
input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the supply voltage.

Comparing NTFS and FAT file systems

A file system is the underlying structure a computer uses to organize data on a hard disk. If you
are installing a new hard disk, you need to partition and format it using a file system before you
can begin storing data or programs. In Windows, the three file system options you have to choose
from are NTFS, FAT32, and the older and rarely-used FAT (also known as FAT16).

NTFS
NTFS is the preferred file system for this version of Windows. It has many benefits over the
earlier FAT32 file system, including:

The capability to recover from some disk-related errors automatically, which FAT32
cannot.

Improved support for larger hard disks.

Better security because you can use permissions and encryption to restrict access to
specific files to approved users.

FAT32
FAT32, and the lesser-used FAT, were used in earlier versions of Windows operating systems,
including Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Millennium Edition. FAT32 does not have
the security that NTFS provides, so if you have a FAT32 partition or volume on your computer,
any user who has access to your computer can read any file on it. FAT32 also has size
limitations. You cannot create a FAT32 partition greater than 32GB in this version of Windows,
and you cannot store a file larger than 4GB on a FAT32 partition.
The main reason to use FAT32 is because you have a computer that will sometimes run
Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows Millennium Edition and at other times run this version
of Windows, known as a multiboot configuration. If that is the case, you will need to install the
earlier operating system on a FAT32 or FAT partition and ensure that it is a primary partition (one
that can host an operating system). Any additional partitions you will need to access when using
these earlier versions of Windows must also be formatted with FAT32. These earlier versions of
Windows can access NTFS partitions or volumes over a network, but not on your computer.

Power Supply Color coding Voltages

Motherboard Parts:

Power Supply Color coding Voltages