Organ Systems:

Interrelations betweenBetween Organ Systems:

It should be fairly obvious by now that all of the various organ systems are
closely interrelated. Each depends upon the others in order to function.
If any one of them could be considered central, though, its probably the
cardiovascular system, since its task is to distribute substances
throughout the body. As such, any change in the functioning of the
cardiovascular system will quickly impact the functioning of every other
body system.
Take the digestive system, for example. Every cell in the body requires
organic molecules (nutrients) in order to build cellular structures, and also
for generation of energy. Its the job of the digestive system to take in
food and process it into molecules that can be absorbed and used by body
cells. But how does the digested food get to body cells? It is absorbed
from the digestive system by the blood and then transported to body cells
by the cardiovascular system.

It is the function of the urinary (excretory) system to remove the toxic

substances body cells produce from the body. But how do these
substances get from body cells to the kidneys for excretion? Again, they
are absorbed from body cells into the blood, and then transported by the
cardiovascular system to the kidneys for processing and excretion.

In order to break down organic molecules for energy, body cells need
oxygen. The process produces poisonous carbon dioxide as a waste
product. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and excretes
carbon dioxide, but how does the oxygen get to the body cells that need
it.

Interrelationship of nervous system and endocrine system

The nervous and endocrine systems are related in three main areas,
structure, chemical, and function. The endocrine and nervous system work
parallel with each other and in conjunction function in maintaining
homeostasis, development and reproduction. Both systems are the
communication links of the body and aid the body's life systems to
function correctly and in relation to each other.
Structurally many of the endocrine systems glands and tissues are rooted
in the nervous system, Such glands as the hypothalamus and posterior
pituitary are examples of nerve tissues that influence the function of a
gland and it's secretion of hormones. Not only does the hypothalamus
secrete hormones into the bloodstream, but it regulates the release of
hormones in the posterior pituitary gland. Those that are not made of
nervous tissue once were. The adrenal medulla is derived from the same
cells that produce certain ganglia.
Chemically both the endocrine and nervous system function in
communication by means of the same transmitters but use them in
different ways. Hormones are utilized by both systems in signaling an
example of this can be seen in the use of Norepinephrine.
NorepinephrineNorepineprine functions as a neurotransmitter in the nervous
system and as an adrenal hormone in the endocrine system.
Functionally the nervous and endocrine system work hand in hand acting
in communicating and driving hormonal changes. They work in
maintainingmaintaing homeostasis and respond to changes inside and outside
the body. Besides functioning in similar manners they work in conjunction.
An example of this can be seen in a mothersmothers release of milk. When a
baby sucks the nipple of its mother, sensory cells in the nipple sends
signals to the hypothalamushypothalmus, which then responds by
releasingreleaing oxytocin from the posterior pituitary. The oxytocin is
released into the bloodstream where it moves to its' target cell, a
mammary gland. The mammary gland then responds to the hormones
signal by releasing milk through the nipple. Besides working in
conjunction with each other, both systems affect one another. The adrenal
medulla is under control the control of nerve cells, but the nervous
systems development is under the control of the endocrine system.