RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A Issued: September 2014 Are of concern: National Expiry: September 2015, INTELLIGENCE BRIEF: Tntelligence Operations and Analysis Division Security Intelligence Section Terror Travel Risk Indicators Executive Summary ‘+ The militant group that has declared itself the Islamic State has actively recruited citizens of western countries as fighters. The exact number of western foreign fighters can only be estimated, but itis ‘thought to be in the thousands. (U) ‘* Ithas been confirmed that Canadian citizens have joined the group and engaged in fighting in Iraq. and Syria. (U) Suspect cases of travel for terror purposes have been detected at numerous Canadian ports of entry. wo The purpose of thi rif provide frontline a with information on th malian group ISIS and membership rik indicators to consider when ‘sami Conan ctzens permanant residents ad orig natonale ESA Print: nami and Terrors Background 1. The militant group that has declared itself the Islamic State is also referred to asthe Islamic State in frag and Al Sham (SIS) and the Islamic State of raq and the Levant (ISIL). Many commentators and members ofthe Muslim community have rejected the use of the name “Islamic State” in order to deny the group the legitimacy the ttle suggests. (U) 2. The group officially dectared in June 2014 that it had set up an Islamic State across parts of northern Iraq and Syria. The rapid expansion of territory under the group's control caused a surge in interest in joining ISIS. (U) 3. Prior to June the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) estimated ISIS’ fightin force to be 10,000. The CIA now states that 20,000 to 31,500 fighters are on the ground in ISIS controlled territory. (U) 4. The ISIS leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi has stated that the group's ultimate goal is to establish a caliphate (a sovereign state governed by Islamic law) that encompasses parts of Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, [sracl, Pale and Jordan. (U) cect scenester Canad ‘This document the property ofthe Canada Border Services Agency (CISA) and should not be reclassified oF disseminated without prior consent ofthe originator. The information must be stored, transmitted, and safeguarded in accordance with its cassifiation level, as outlined Inthe Government Security Policy and the CASA Security Policies, lf acces is equested under the Actes © Information Act o the Prisacy At ‘no decision should be taken without prior consultation withthe onginator, a the information may be subject lo exemptions, Requests for [ddtonal use shouldbe forwarded tthe Sacurty tntlipence Section atRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A EE ee ee ® az ‘The group has become known for is use of extreme brutality against both military and civilian targets. It has engaged in public crucifixion, beheadings, targeted mass killings agains religious mino es and summary executions. (U) Due to military successes in Ira the group gained access to a large reserve of funding. This has led to reports that fighters can rely on the group to provide weapons and a monthly salary. If these reports are accurate recruits need only raise enough money to reach Iraq or Syri. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights has reported that a fighter is paid ‘monthly - $400 base salary, $100 for each wife, $50 foreach child. It shelter, heating fuel and gasoline for vehicles. (U) also reported that fighters are provided with ISIS fighters destroying thr porprts Canin 63 from ight ‘Terror Travel Risk Indicators: Tis document ithe property ofthe Canada Border Services Ageney (CISA) and should not be reclassified or diseminated without prior consent ofthe originator. The information must be stored, ansmlted, and safeguarded in accordance with is elassicetion level, as outlined in the Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Poise, access i equssted andr the Acs f Information Actor Ue Priocy Act to decision should be taken without prior consultation wih the originator, asthe information may be subject to exemptions, Requests for ‘ditional use should be forwarded to the Security Inteligence Section atDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A, oe fence wv herSwedoh bor 1S igh hard Contac: For more information, please contac the Security Intelligence Section by phone at or by email This document isthe property ofthe Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent ofthe originator. The information must be sored, tans, and safeguarded in accordance with ts elassication level as lind inthe Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies. I acces is equested under the Aces fo Information Aer the Pia Act, ‘0 decision should be taken without prior consultation with the otginato, asthe i sxldtional use should be Forwarded othe Security Intelience Section at mation may be subjet to exemptions. Requests for~~ RELEASEL DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION Protected B Issue: September 2016 Expiry: November 2014 tea of Concer: All INTELLIGENCE BRIEF Tatelligence Operations and Analysis Division Security Intelligence Section Khorasan Group Brief Executive Summary ‘+ Open-source reporting states that al Qaeda senior leadership (AQ) has sent several veteran AQ fighters {from Afghanistan and Pakistan to Syria. These AQ fighters linked up with the AQ affiliate in Syria, Jabba al-Nusra (JN) and formed an organization known as the Khorasan Group. (U) + While some Khorasan Group members have fought against the Assad regime the primary purpose of the organization is reportedly to recruit, rain and task Wester foreign fighters to carry out attacks against Wester targets such as commercial passenger flights and possibly to conduct attacks in their home countries. (U) ‘The Khorasan Group is reportedly working closely with members of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), particularly in how to construct and smuggle explosive devices. Open source reporting indicates that it was a plot by the Khorasan Group and AQAP to attack commercial passenger flights that led the US Transportation Security Administration in July 2014 to ban uncharged mobile phones and laptops from flights to the US that originated in Europe or the Middle East. (U) The purpose ofthis assessment isto provide information on the al Qaeda-linked terrorist organization the Khorasan Group in Syria. The Khorasan Group is believed to be training foreign fighters from Europe and North America to conduct attacks against Western targets, possibly including attacks in the foreign fighter's home countries. This product can be distributed to all officers of the Agency as it intends to provide situational Background 1. Individuals from Canada have travelled to conflict zones such as Somalia and more recently, Syria to take part in conflicts as foreign fighters. The pace of movement of foreign fighters into Syria has accelerated since 2011, a recent Central Intelligence Agency estimate says as there are many as 15,000 foreign fighters, including 2,000+ individuals from Western nations, in Syria’ (U) ~~] eee Canada This dosursent the propenty of he Canada Forder Seviees Agensy (CISA) an should ot bo rclaiiod or Wsemaated witout pre consant of the eniginaior. The safrmaton must be stored, ransmite, and sseguacded in acondsnce wih is clastifiaton level as outlined in the Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies [acess rauestd une the Asef Information Ato the Powy Ae, ‘0 decision should be taken without prior consultation with the ongnator as the information may be subect to exemptions, Requests for ‘tional ue should be forwards to the Security Inelgence Section atDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION CLASSIFICATION 2. AQ senior leadership has reportedly sent several veteran fighters from Afghanistan and Pakistan to Syria, SIS does not have an estimate of original number these fighters at this time. The AQ fighters have linked up with JN, the local AQ affiliate in Syria. The AQ members formed an organization the Khorasan Group and set up training camps in areas of Syria controlled by JN." (U) 3. The primary purpose of the Khorasan Group is reportedly to recruit, train and task foreign fighters from Europe and North America to carry out attacks against Western targets including commercial aviation and possibly in the foreign fighter’s home countries." (U) Analysis 4, The Khorasan Group is reportedly working closely with members of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula to train the foreign fighters in making and smuggling explosive devices. Reported collaboration between the Khorasan Group, AQAP’s bomb-makers and Western foreign fighters led the US Transportation Security Administration in July to place a ban on uncharged mobile phones and laptops from flights to the US originating in Europe and the Middle East." (U) 5. The Khorasan group may include individuals from Canada, including Canadian citizens, and citizens of visa-exempt countries in Europe. Members of the Khorasan Group represent a direct threat to Canada and Canadian interests worldwide as they could conduct attacks against civilian passenger flights or travel to Canada with the intent to carry out attacks in this country. (U) Update — September 23, 2014 6 On September 23, 2014 the armed forces of the US launched military strikes against Khorasan Group targets located in Syria. The US air and missile strikes hit multiple sites including a training facility, command and control center, communications center and a bomb-making site. The strikes were launched to disrupt “imminent threat” of attack upon US interests by members of the Khorasan Group. It is unknown at this time what the terrorist attack target or targets were. Iti also unknown hhow badly damaged the overall structure of the Khorasan Group is afler the US attack.” Implications for the CBSA 7. CBSA frontline personnel would be the first government officals to encounter returning foreign fighters including individuals trained by the Khorasan Group. 8, The recent passing of the Combating Terrorism Act introduced new legal offenses that prohibit, individuals from leaving or attempting to leave Canada for the purposes of committing specified terrorism offenses, including training with a terorist organization, (PB) This document i the property ofthe Canada Border Services Agency (CASA) and should not be reclassified or diseeminated without prior consent of the originator. The information must be toed, transmuted, and safeguarded in accordance with ts classification level, as outlined, inthe Government Security Policy and tne CASA Serurty Policies If acess reguctted under the Accs fo norton ct onthe Prony Ae, to decision should be taken without prior consultation with the original, asthe inormation may be subject fo exemptions, Request for dional use should be frwanded tothe Security Inteligence Section aED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION CLASSIFICATION Cz oc by email at Contact: For nore information, please contac the Security Tatelligence Section by phone at End Notes * Bint Roggio, The Long Wat Journal: On the CIA estimate of number of fighters inthe Islamic State (13 09 2014), * Ken Dilanian and Eileen Sullivan, Associated Press: al-Oaida’s Syrian cell alarms US (13 09 2014) “Tid "Bid ™ Paul Cruickshank and Tim Lister, CNN: U.S. Strikes Khorason Group in Syria, which posed ‘imminent’ threat to West (23 09 2018) This document isthe property ofthe Canada order Services Agency (CASA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated withowt poor consent of the originator. The iormaton must be stored, transaid, and safeguarded in acordance with ts classfcation level as outlined inthe Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies. If cco is requested under the Access Information Act othe Pray Act fo decision should be taken without prior consultation with the originator, aa the information may be subject to exemptions. Requests for dona ws shou be Forwarded tothe Sour Intelligence Section atDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION Canada Borer Agoce des sarvoes Seross Agony fale da Canada PROTECTED A Iesued: September 2014 {Area of concer: National Expy: September 215 INTELLIGENCE BRIEF: Intelligence Operations and Analysis Division Security Intelligence Section Female Foreign Fighters & ISIS Executive Summary ‘+ The militant group that has declared itself the Islamic State is actively recruiting young females predominately from western countries as fighters. The exact number of females recruited can only be estimated, but it is thought to be in the hundreds. (U) + ISIS started recruiting females in late January to start an all-female battalion in Syria, The battalion is known by two names: al-Khansaa and Umm Rayyan (U) Suspect cases of travel for the intention of joining the brigades have been reported in various countries. There has been four high profile cases from the US since September.(U) + Recruits are generally aged 18-25. However, cases involving females as young as 15 have been reported. Once recruited, females often enter into an arranged marriage to fighter. (U) ‘© Some of the recruited females are using social media to promote, encourage and recruit others. (U) ‘+ Females are becoming more active in front line roles as well as used to “breed” the next generation of fighters. ‘he purpose of hie bri sto prove fom line a with information ct the milton group IIS and membership iskindizalors to conser when ‘examining Canadian isons, permancn:recdents ad foreign nationale BAI Prior: Inada and Terrorism Background 1. The militant group that has declared itself the Islamic State is also referred to as the Islamic State in Iraq and AU Sham (SIS) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Many commentators and members ofthe Muslim community have rejected the use of the name "Islamic State” in order (0 deny the group the legitimacy the ttle suggests. (U) ‘The group officially declared in June 2014 that it had set up an Islamic State actoss pats of northera Iraq and Syria, ‘The rapid expansion of territory under the group's control caused a surge in interest in joining ISIS. (U) 3. In September of 2013 the London based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights estimated that there were 5,000 women fighting in Syria. They calculated that to be approximately one in five in the Kurdish People's Protection Units to be female. Largely they are of Syrian decent, (U) Goma TY Canadit This document ithe property of re Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without por consent ofthe originator. The information must be stored, transmitted, and safeguarded in accordance with its classification level. as outlined inthe Government Security Policy andthe CBSA Security Policies If acces fe requested under the Acts Infomation Actor the Pritocy Act, ro decison should be taken without prior consultation with the crginator, asthe information may be subject to exemptions. Requests for ‘ditional use shoul be forwarded tothe Security Intelligence Section atDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A 4. This believed that in January 2014 ISIS started recruiting single women to form a battalion. The battalion goes by two different names; the al ~Khansaa and Umm Rayan, named after its leader. Initially members were wives, daughters and sisters of foreign fighters that had joined ISIS. Later they expanded to local women whose families were pressured oF offered money for the women. (U) ISIS official Abu Alamad in Ragga has called the al-Khansaa Brigade ISIS’ all female moral police. Ahmad states “We have established the brigade to raise awareness of our religion among women and to punish women who do not abide by the law”, Ahmad also stated that “jihad is not a male-only duty, Women must do their part as well.” 6. twas reported that on March 4 the battalion raided two girls schools in the province of al-Raga where they arrested 10 girls between the ages of 15 ~ 17 and flogged them for violating the “laws” that ISIS had imposed. The female bation is being used to enforce ISIS imposed regulations that ISIS is calling “laws” ranging from “showing the eyebrows from ‘underneath the veil" to wearing a hair curler. (U) 7. Females are being used at check points to “expose males who disguise in women’s clothing to avoid detention when stopping at ISIS check points". Women recruited for these security roles must be unmarried, between the ages of 18 and 25, and are given a monthly wage for their assistance.(U) 8, Fomale jihadists have traditionally had less impact on the front fines, but are not a new phenomemon. Female suicide bombers in Russia are referred to as Black Widows, most recently Samantha Lawaithe (also referred to as the White ‘Widow) was considered one. The US military reported in 2008 that 18 women had been suicide bombers in Ira. 9, This trend will continue to grow as the role ofa female in the al -Khansaa and Umm Rayyan battalion is continually romanticized, used as propaganda and emphasized as “girl power” on line on social media sites. Females such as 19 year ‘old Agsa Mahmood of Glasgow, Scotland has been posting encouraging messages such as: “We are ereated to be ‘mothers and wives — as much as the western society has warped your views on this with a hidden feminist mentality,” She also wrote in June: “Follow the example of your brothers from Woolwhich [sic], Texas and Boston etc. Have no fear as Allah sur [sic] is always with the Believers,” referring (0 the killing of a British soldier outside his barracks in London by Islamist extremists last year, the Fort Hood, Tex., mass shooting in 2009 and the Boston Marathon bombing, respectively. She also encouraged those living abroad to carry out jihadist acts, telling followers, “If you cannot make it to the batilefield then bring the battlefield to yourself. Be sincere and be a {jihadist} wherever you may be.” Mahmood has also stated she wanted to behead Christians with a “blunt knife”, Ths document is the property ofthe Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent of the originator. The information must be stored, wansnnted, and safeguarded in accordance with is classification level, as outlined inthe Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies. If access is requested under the Access to Information Ac or the Preacy Act, no decision should be taken without prior consultation with the originator, asthe information may be subject to exemptions. Requests for Suditonal ase shouldbe forwarded tothe Security ineligence Section atDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A. se ~~ 10. Iti believed that Ags Mahmood has married an IS fighter, written @ manifesto encouraging women to join the terrorists in Syria and is head of the me My agreement aye LOLTne islamic State of rag and the Levant {Si} announced forming a battalion of ‘women! in Tabaga oy of *Raoga province. *Syia ‘Examples of social media being used by ISIS and the al-Khansaa Brigade 11. While there are the traces thatthe female fighters are leaving on social media there is also evidence of recruiting emerging on social media. There was one jihadist recently operating on twitter who was offering to broker martiages to foreign fighters. This assists the females entering Syria and other Islamic countries by giving them direct access 10a ‘male guardian in their husband, which allows them to move about with greater ease. 12, The fomale fighters are paid by ISIS and will receive a monthly salary of 25,000 Syrian lira, less than $200(currency?) ‘but ISIS emphasizes that they must only work for the organization. This usually goes back to their families or is paid to their families ifthe family has “given” the female to ISIS. 13, Assisting in the fight is not the only expectation of the female battalion. According to an Egyptian analyst, women are being treated like “breeders” to help create the next generation both through expanding the population through child birth and education of children. The intention of ISIS is that the women will continue the ideology and teachings of al-Qaeda, in order for the organization to survive. 15, September 22 it was reported that younger violent ISIS members were raping thousands of women in Iraq and Syria to ‘mass produce children to follow in their footsteps. The young members claim that they are answering to a higher calling and have been ordered to have sex by a cleric in Saudi Arabia. The goal is to impregnate multiple women within communities to become a fabric ofthe cities they control so their cause will live on forever in future generations. 16. UN. officials have released statements that cited evidence of rape being used as weapons of war against women and teenage boys and girls belonging to the Yazidi, Christian, Turkomen and Shabak communities in Iraq. The report states: “During its takeover of large parts of northern frag the IS captured many Yazidi villages, and reportedly took many ee INTEGRITY Gao This document i the property of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent of the originator. The information must be stored, transmitted, and safeguarded in accordance with its elasiieation level, as outlined {nthe Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies, If acess i requested under the Acces fo Information Actor the Proacy At re decision should be taken without prior consultation with the originate, as the information may be subjet lo exemptions. Requests for additional use should be forwarded to the Secu Intelligence Section atRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATK DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION — se =~ ‘Yazidi women to be sold and used as sex slaves.” Ithas been reported that some of the females being held as sex slaves are as young as 12, 17. US Intelligence officials, quoted in open-source media, have stated that ISIS has made mnllions from oil smugeling, extortion, antiquities theft and human trafficking. All confirmed reports of trafficking involved members of local minority communities. 18. In the last two weeks (beginning of September 2014), as many as 3,000 thousand local women (including under age females) have been kidnapped and forced into brothels run by a “police force” that is believed to be comprised of British women, including Aqsa Mahmood of Glasgow, Scotland. 19, In August 2014, two U.N. officials issued a joint statement on the "barbaric acts" of sexual violence committed by ISIS fighters ; “We condemn, inthe strongest terms, the explicit targeting of women and children and the barbaric acts the ‘Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has perpetrated on minorities in areas under its control, and we remind all armed groups that acts of sexual violence are grave human rights violations that can be considered as war crimes and crimes against humanity," said Nickolay Mladenov, special representative ofthe U.N. secretary-general for Iraq, and Zainab Hawa Bangura, special representative ofthe secretary-general on sexual violence in conflict, Uk econ foal with her Sweliak born ISIS fighter uaband ‘Terror Travel Risk Indicators: Eco + INTEGRITY This document is the property of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent of the originator. The information must be stored, transmitted, and safeguarded in accordance with ts classification level, as outlined in the Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies. acass i rxquested under the Aces 0 Information Actor the Pricacy Act, no decision should be taken without prior consullation with the originator, as the information may be subject to exemptions, Requests for additional use should be forwarded to the Security Intelligence Section stDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ~~ Females in the al-Khansaa Brigade members posing with their weapons ‘Contact For more information, please contact the Security Intelligence Section by phone at ‘orby email at Mace “This documents the property of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior onsen of the originator. The information must be sored, transmuted, and safeguarded in accordance with is classification level as culined tn the Government Security Policy and the CBSA Secunty Policies. If acess is requestod under the Aces to Injormation Act othe Proacy Ac, ‘no decision should be taken wilhout prior consultation with the originator, as the information may be subject to exemptions. Requests for ulitional use shold be forwarded the Sovuity Intelligence Section at-EASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION Protected B Issued: December 2014 Expy January 2014 ‘Area of Concer: All INTELLIGENCE BRIEF Intelligence Operations and Analysis Division Security Intelligence Section Some Disillusioned ISIL Foreign Fighters Attempting to Flee Syria or Iraq Executive Summary ‘© Open-source reporting states that some of the foreign fighters who have joined the Istamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL.) have complained to friends and family about their treatment by ISIL in Syria and Irag. Some are known to have fled from ISIL and attempted to return o their home countries. A media report issued on December 20, 2014 states that ISIL recently executed one hundred foreign fighters because they were attempting to flee the region. (U) ‘+ This reporting may indicate that there could be an increase in the number of foreign fighters returning to their country of origin including Canada. The purpose of this assessment isto provide information on the possibility that disillusioned or traumatized foreign fighters from Canada may flee from ISIL and return to Canada, This product can be distributed to all officers of the Agency as it intends to provide situational awareness. Background 1. Individuals from Canada have travelled to conflict zones such as Somalia and more recently, Syria to take part in conflicts as foreign fighters. The pace of movement of foreign fighters into Syria has accelerated since 2011, a recent Central Intelligence Agency estimate says as there are many as 15,000 foreign fighters, including 2,000+ individuals from Western nations, in Syria.‘ (U) Canadit "Ths documents the property ofthe Canada Borde Services Agency (CHSA) ad should not be redassfied or disseminated without prior consent ofthe originator. The information must be stored, wansmute, and safeguarded in accordance With its classification level, as outlined in the Goverament Security Policy and the CBSA Security Pobiies If acces is oguested under the Actes Information At or the Priary Act no decision should be taken without price consullation with the originator, as the information may be subject to exemptions. Request or ‘ditional use should be forwarded tothe Security Intligence Section at/CESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION CLASSIFICATION [© EA 2. Open source reporting shows that somne of the Westem foreign fighters who have joined the listed terrorist organization ISIL have been complaining to family and friends back in their home countries about their treatment by ISIL in the Syria/Iraq region." (U) 3._ ISIL reportedly recently executed approximately one hundred disillusioned foreign fighters who had been attempting to flee from the Syria/Iraq region. ISIL has reportedly created a military police force to penalize foreign fighters who do not report for duty. The ISIL military police reportedly arrested 400 ISIL fighters in the Syrian city of Ragga within the fist 48 hours after receiving the new regulations regarding reporting for duty." (U) Analysis, 4, ‘The reports of some foreign fighters attempting to flee ISIL may indicate a drop in morale among their foreign recruits because of the recent military setbacks ISIL has suffered at the hands of Iraqi forces and the Kurdish militias, both backed by Western coalition airpower, in Iraq and Syria." (U) 5._ Ibis possible that some residents of Canada who have joined with ISIL may be among those foreign fighters who are attempting to fle the region and return to their home country. (PB) 7. CBSA frontline personnel would be the first government officials to encounter returning foreign fighters including individuals who joined ISTL. 8, The recent passing of the Combating Terrorism Act introduced new legal offenses that prohibit individuals from leaving or attempting to leave Canada for the purposes of committing specified terrorism offenses, including training with a terrorist organization. Under the Act CBSA officers may be required to carry out various levels of enforcement actions against individuals returning after training with and/or fighting for ISIL. (PB) Contact: For more information, please contact the Security Intelligence Section by phone at orby emailat This document isthe property ofthe Canada Border Services Agency (CRSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent ofthe originator. The information mast be stored, tensed, and safeguarded n accordance with its classification level, as otal inthe Government Security Poicy and the CBSA Secunty Policies. If access is requested under the Acts fo ljormation Actor the Prey At, no decision should be taken without prio consultation withthe riginator, as the information may be subject to exemptions. Requests fr ‘tonal use shoud be forwanded othe Security Inelgence Section ai R THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION CLASSIFICATION End Notes "Bill Roggio, The Long War Journal: On the CIA estimate of number of fighters inthe Islamic State (13 09 2014). " Lucy Draper, Newsweek: Would-e Jihadists' Letters Home Reveol Unheppy, Mundane Life in IIs (02 12 2014) " Morgan Winsor, International Business Times: ISIS Executes 100 Foreign Fighters For Trying To Flee Syria (20 12 2018) ™ grika Solomon, Financial Times: [SIS morale flls as momentum slows and casuaities mount (39 12 2014) * Alexandra Valiente, Syria 360: ISIS in rag: Forced Marriage, Conversion for Yezidis (12 10 2014) This document isthe property ofthe Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent af the oginatoe. The iormation must be stone, transmited, and safeguarded in accordance with it classifistion level os outlined in the Government Security Policy and the CRSA Security Policies. I acess is requested under the Acs Inormaton Actor the Pry Act fo decision should be taken without prot consultation withthe enginator, as the information may be subject to exemptions. Requests for Addional use should be forwarded to the Scart Intligence Section atRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION Canada Border Agence des services. Del Sonia Agency eho au Canada PROTECTED A High Risk Travellers gaits, Foreign Fighters September 2014 PROTECTION - SERVICE - INTEGRITY CanadaRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Caveat PROTECTED A/ THIRD PARTY / CANADIAN EYES ONLY The information contained in this product belongs to the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). It should not be reclassified or disseminated without prior consent of the originator. The information must be stored, transmitted and safeguarded in accordance with its classification level, as outlined in the Government Security Policy and the CBSA Security Policies. If access is requested under the Access to Information Act or the Privacy Act, no decision should be taken without prior consultation with the originator, as the information may be subject to exemptions. Requests for additional use should be forwarded to the Security Intelligence Section at iainRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A Foreign Fighters IssueRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Issue + A growing number of individuals are travelling abroad with the intention of joining foreign conflicts Conflicts have active terrorist elements with whom they can join or receive training from Individuals could return to Canada further radicalized and could use their experience and networks developed to conduct terrorist activities at home or recruit new fighters by funding and facilitating their travel xed eee cnaDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Government Response Number of agencies and departments have a mandate to use different tools — continuum of actions to help contain and mitigate the threat CBSA Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) Passport Program Integrity Branch (PPIB)t Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Transport Canada (TC) Provincial and local police Foreign Governments * Previously known as Passport Canada. Now part of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC).RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A Foreign Fighters Nexus to CBSADIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Implications for the CBSA Support investigations by partner agencies into individuals identified as suspected foreign fighters Notify partner agencies when previously unknown suspected foreign fighters are identified Potential removal/inadmissibility under IRPA The CBSA has encountered suspected foreign fighters at all major airports in Canada and several land POEs, both inbound and outbound xed eee cnaRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Implications for the frontline * CBSA frontline personnel — first Canadian government officials to encounter returnees + May encounter previously unknown suspected foreign fighters — Inbound — returnees from conflict zones — Outbound — travel with intent to join foreign conflicts xed eee cnaDIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A e ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Legislative authority * Authorities: — Customs Act (CA) - Hate propaganda ~ Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA) — Criminal Code of Canada (CCC), s.83t — Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), s.34 and/or 35 « Other legislation/policy to adhere to: ~— Charter of Rights and Freedoms — Youth Criminal Justice Act — CBSA Code of Conduct and Ethics » Reference CBSA Enforcement Manual xed eee cna * Recent amendments to s.83 of the CCC make it a criminal offense to travel for terrorism purposes. Refer to sections 83.191, 83.201 and 83.202 of the CCC.PROTECTED A a a <) Foreign Fighters Indicators Syria and lraqRELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A Foreign Fighters Encounters 30PROTECTED A a a <) Syria & lrag Visual Aids Detailed Maps 33RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS T (0 INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A oh Pass sescccccceeecceccecccecececceccccccceceeceeecceccececceccecceceececceceececeecicceeccccisssssassssisssssssisssss QU 1112.0 Control of Terrain in Syria: September 11, 2074+ 22 as akby OO anata Hasalan > : K ash-Shadedi @ ey Si arat abtafmnan ‘ fagae | aN \ ©) Regime Controlled 1 seansheitvoun : ; x . : Sotadeh @ isis controiied : Deir seco Rebeis Controlied @ ix controtie 'e@ JN Stronghold Kurdish Controlled @ contested Areas [SW is watching ° xiaien ease son * Control of Terrain in Syria: September 11, 2014, Institute for the Study of War, available at: http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/control-terrain- syria-september-11-2014 34RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A oh ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Syria: April 29, 2014t Double click the map below in edit mode to open full resolution PDF xed eee cna 35RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Map of Turkey-Syria border Double click the map below in edit mode to open full resolution PDF xiaien ease son 36PROTECTED A a a <) Foreign Fighters Visual Aids Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq 37DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we Pass sescccccceeecceccecccecececceccccccceceeceeecceccececceccecceceececceceececeecicceeccccisssssassssisssssssisssss QU 1112.0 Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq * Islamic State of lraq and al-Sham (ISIL) aka Islamic State of Iraq in Syria (ISIS) aka Islamic State (IS) tuo sl Asal PrN TY xed eee cna 38DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A * o~z_ Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. + Al Qaeda (AQ) Flag used by AQ affiliates xed eee cna 39DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we Om. Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. + AQ flag in use worldwide Fe Ree a xed eee cna 40DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A oh o~z_ Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Ansar al-Sham dey Se ANSAR AL-SHAM xed eee cna 41DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae Pass sescccccceeecceccecccecececceccccccceceeceeecceccececceccecceceececceceececeecicceeccccisssssassssisssssssisssss QU 1112.0 Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. * Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya xed eee cna 42RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we o~z_ Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. * Islamic Front Bo NIN ZIG PRS ios Lr 7 SR xed eee cna 43DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A * o~z_ Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. + Jabahat Al-Nusra (JN) xed eee cna 44RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Jaysh al-Islam xed eee cna 45DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A * o~z_ Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. + Jaysh al-Muhajirin Wal-Ansar (JMA) xed eee cna 46DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we o_~. Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. * Kurdish Islamic Front xed eee cna 47DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A * o~z_ Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. + Liwa al-Haqq xed eee cna 48DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. * Liwa al-Tawhid xed eee cna 49DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/Iraq cont. * Liwa al-Umma xed eee cna 50DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Sunni Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Suqour al-sham brigade xed eee cna 51RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq * Hizballah UGA A Gly La gla xed eee cna 52DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada xed eee cna 53DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ies Ses SSS SS See ee ees Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Liwa’a Abu Fadl al-Abbas’s erp me PL ar (Tocco era) xed eee cna 54RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae Pass sescccccceeecceccecccecececceccccccceceeceeecceccececceccecceceececceceececeecicceeccccisssssassssisssssssisssss QU 1112.0 Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. * Liwa’a ‘Ammar Ibn Yasir xed eee cna 55RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Liwa’a Zulfigar’s P| el ld) Saal a ty hay aS xed eee cna 56DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A oh Sees Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. + Liwa’al Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (LIHM) >| Vi de’, CMA; 4 Fi xed eee cna 57DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae Pass sescccccceeecceccecccecececceccccccceceeceeecceccececceccecceceececceceececeecicceeccccisssssassssisssssssisssss QU 1112.0 Shia Extremist Groups in Syria/lraq cont. * Sariyya al-Tali-a al-Khurasani (STK) xed eee cna 58PROTECTED A a a <) Foreign Fighters Visual Aids Hand Signs 59DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A ae ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE One finger hand sign AQ hand sign commonly used by jihadists symbolizing “one God” and their willingness to be killed for Islam, thus attaining martyrdom and entrance into paradise.t ip ardlon gastures dering 4 protest io Amman, October 204. {Majed Jeber / Courtesy Revters) xed eee cna * Benghazi — The Signs of Al Qaeda, January 02, 2014, FrontPage Magazine, available at: http://www.frontpagemag.com/2014/dawn-perlmutter/benghazi-the-signs-of-al- qaeda/ 60RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A One finger hand sign cont. * ISIS fighters in Syria (July 2014)t xed eee cna T 1SIS Sends a Message: What Gestures Say About Today’s Middle East, September 03, 2014, available at: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141956/nathaniel- zelinsky/isis-sends-a-message 61RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE One finger hand sign cont. * Chechen Rebels Source: Chechen extremist xed eee cna 62RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we Sees V for Victory hand sign * General symbol of defiance, protest, and self- expression. Used by a variety of individuals to support legitimate and illegitimate causes. we xed eee cna 63RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A V for Victory hand sign cont. + V sign used at an ISIS rally xed eee cna 64RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE V for Victory hand sign cont. * V sign in Libya xed eee cna 65RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A om Four Finger Hand Sign — Rabaa/Rabia/R4biat + Less common. Used to replace the “V for Victory”. Seen as a symbol for oppressed groups. Mostly seen in Egypt. Some AQ affiliated individuals in Syria have used the gesture. yporter waves @ fag bearing the Rabae, May 2014, (Mohamed Abd EI Grany § ters) xed eee cna * The Rabaa is frequently used by a wide variety of groups, including legitimate ones. It is often used in by activists and politicians who opposed the coup d’Etat in Egypt. Nonetheless, it has been used by a few Al Qaeda affiliated individuals who support extremist activities. 66PROTECTED A a a <) Foreign Fighters Contact Information 67RELEASED UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT DIVULGUE SOUS LA LOI DE LACCES A INFORMATION PROTECTED A we ‘EERIE cere <° EEEE Contact Information Questions? Comments? Security Intelligence Section Intelligence Operations and Analysis Division xed eee cna 68